Journal articles on the topic 'Hien Trang Nguyen'

This study investigates the factors influencing compulsory tax compliance behavior among digital content creators in Vietnam, a sector experiencing rapid growth amid evolving digital tax regulations. A quantitative approach was used to collect data from Google Forms sent via email and social media, receiving 282 participant responses. The SmartPLS 3.0 software was used to analyze the data collected through the survey process. The results of the study indicate that four factors influence compulsory tax compliance of content creators in Vietnam: Tax fairness, the power of tax authorities, tax awareness, and tax complexity. Policy recommendations are proposed to improve tax administration and support digital content creators to effectively meet their tax obligations in Vietnam’s dynamic digital economy.

Nguyen Du (1765-1820), with courtesy name To Nhu, poetic name Thanh Hien, and other pseudonym Hong Son Liep Ho, was born into the noble Nguyen clan of Tien Dien village in central Vietnam. Many of his family members served in high positions in the imperial mandarin system of the Le-Trinh dynasty. Inheriting honors from his father, Nguyen Du was bestowed the titles: Hoang Tin Great Man, Guard Commandant of Origin, and Thu Nhac Count. Therefore, deep within his conscience, Nguyen Du always felt indebted to the Le dynasty. However, the rapid replacement of the Le-Trinh by the Tay Son and then by the Nguyen dynasty during the chaotic years of the eighteen century seriously challenged his beliefs and emotions, pushing him into a reclusive lifestyle during his reluctant service to the Nguyen dynasty. In the 12th year of Gia Long (1813), Nguyen Du was appointed the mission leader on a yearly tribute trip to China, during which he wrote a collection of poetry titled “Bac hanh tap luc” (Trivial Notes on the Northward Trip). His “trivial notes” revealed his complicated thinking and feelings about the Chinese landscape, people and culture under the rule of the Jiaqing emperor. This article analyzes Nguyen Du’s rational and emotional perceptions of China, especially Chinese culture as implied in “Bac hanh tap luc”, to better understand a case of direct interaction of a Vietnamese Confucian scholar with imperial China.

Van, Hong Thien, Le, Van Son, Nguyen-Phi, Nga, Nguyen, Quoc Dat, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Nguyen, Hieu Cuong, Luu, Hong Truong (2021): A new species and a new record of Typhonium (Araceae) from southern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 527 (3): 201-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.527.3.4

Luu, Hong Truong, Nguyen, Hieu Cuong, Nao, Duy Phap, Nguyen, Tran Quoc Trung, Nguyen-Le, Xuan Bach (2024): Peliosanthes thachii (Asparagaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 662 (2): 170-176, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.662.2.5

Nguyen, Xuan-Vy, Nguyen-Nhat, Nhu-Thuy, Nguyen, Xuan-Thuy, Nguyen, Trung-Hieu, Truong, Si Hai Trinh, Dao, Viet-Ha, Do, Anh-Duy, McDermid, Karla J. (2023): New record of Halymenia malaysiana (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) from Viet Nam, and its genetic diversity in the western Pacific. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 66 (2): 113-123, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2022-0062, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2022-0062

Cardanol obtained by vacuum distillation of cashew nut shell liquid CNSL at 220 - 230 and 2 - 4 mmHg. Epoxidized cardanol ECD , derived from cardanol was synthesized at 65 , 2 catalyst, DB AA H2O2 1 0.5 1, stirring rates are 1800 r m and characterized by FT - IR, 1H NMR, 13C - NMR, TGA. Bach Trong Phuc | Vu Van Hai | Nguyen Thi Hien | Nguyen Thanh Liem "Synthesis of Epoxidizedcardanol from CNSL (Vietnam) by Glacial Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5801.pdf

Tam, Truong Van, Huy, Le Ngo Quoc, Phuc, Nguyen Trong, Nhan, Vo Hieu, Khang, Luu Vinh (2021): First record for Brettus cingulatus in Vietnam (Araneae: Salticidae: Spartaeini). Peckhamia 229 (1): 1-2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7169375

Abstract Background: Pan-cancer analysis offers a holistic perspective on cancer, spanning 33 types and over 11,000 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This analysis provides key insights into molecular features shared across cancers and aids in identifying immune subtypes, which are critical for developing personalized immunotherapies. Six distinct immune subtypes were identified in the immune landscape of cancer, offering a framework to explore tumor-immune interactions and their impact on prognosis. Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data were extracted from the TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas, normalized, and processed for classification. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a subset of artificial intelligence, were employed to classify immune subtypes. The CNN model utilized convolutional layers with ReLU activation, dropout regularization, and batch normalization to enhance robustness and prevent overfitting. The dataset was split into training, validation, and testing subsets to evaluate model performance. Performance metrics, including accuracy and the area under the curve (AUC), were used to benchmark the CNN against traditional machine learning methods such as XGBoost, Random Forest, and TabNet. Results: The CNN model achieved an AUC of 0.993 and an overall accuracy of 98.85%, outperforming traditional classification methods. It demonstrated resilience to class imbalance and accurately classified underrepresented immune subtypes. The approach was validated against independent datasets, demonstrating consistent performance across diverse processing pipelines and normalization methods. Conclusions: This study highlights the utility of artificial intelligence, particularly CNNs, in accurately classifying immune subtypes across pan-cancer datasets. By leveraging RNA-Seq data, this approach offers a scalable and robust framework for pan-cancer analysis, paving the way for advancements in precision oncology and personalized immunotherapy. Future efforts will incorporate multi-omics data and validate these findings in clinical settings to enhance their translational potential. Citation Format: Minh Huu Nhat Le, Ha-Hieu Pham, Huy Quoc Nguyen, Hong Xuan Ong, Hien Quang Kha, Phat Ky Nguyen, Thanh-Huy Nguyen, Han Hong Huynh, Dang Nguyen, Thanh-Minh Nguyen, An Thuy Vo, Thuy Vu Minh Nguyen, Trung Minh Tu Tran, Lam Huu Phuc Nguyen, Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le. Convolutional neural network-based artificial intelligence for immune subtype classification in pan-cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_2):Abstract nr LB111.

Nguyen-Ngoc, Hieu, Alilou, Mostafa, S, Derbr, everine, e, Blanchard, Patricia, Pham, Giang Nam, Nghiem, Duc Trong, Richomme, Pascal, Stuppner, Hermann, Ganzera, Markus (2022): Chemical constituents of Antidesma bunius aerial parts and the anti-AGEs activity of selected compounds. Phytochemistry (113300) 202: 1-13, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113300, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113300

Hội chứng tăng immunoglobulin E (hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome - HIES) là bệnh rối loạn miễn dịch nguyên phát do nhiều đột biến di truyền khác nhau, kèm theo các bất thường hình thái cơ thể. Tùy đột biến gen trội hay gen lặn, các trẻ HIES có các biểu hiện lâm sàng khác nhau, nhưng đều đặc trưng bởi viêm da cơ địa, nhiễm trùng tái diễn, bộ mặt bất thường, chậm rụng răng sữa, viêm phổi, nang phổi, bất thường về xương, tăng kháng thể IgE và bạch cầu ái toan trong máu. Chẩn đoán xác định HIES là một thách thức, đặc biệt trong giai đoạn đầu đời, do HIES khó phân biệt với các bệnh khác như viêm da cơ địa. Chúng tôi mô tả hai bệnh nhi được chẩn đoán HIES do đột biến trội ở gen tín hiệu và hoạt hóa phiên mã 3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription - STAT3) và đột biến lặn ở gen điều hòa quá trình phân bào số 8 (dedicator of cytokinesis 8 - DOCK8), từ đó phân tích sự khác biệt về đặc điểm lâm sàng, tiếp cận chẩn đoán, tính chất di truyền ở hai đột biến gây HIES.

Tăng huyết áp là một bệnh phổ biến ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ và là nguyên nhân thường gặp nhất của đột quỵ xuất huyết não. Chúng tôi muốn xác định tỷ lệ tăng huyết áp, tỷ lệ tăng huyết áp chưa được phát hiện trước khi nhập viện và tỷ lệ không tuân thủ điều trị tăng huyết áp ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ xuất huyết não tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Vùng Tây Nguyên năm 2020. Nghiên cứu cắt ngang ở đối tượng nghiên cứu tại bệnh viện đa khoa vùng Tây Nguyên đã thực hiện từ 01/2020 đến 6/2021. Có 85 đối tượng nghiên cứu được chọn liên tiếp. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng một bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn để thu thập các thông tin cần thiết thông qua phỏng vấn trực tiếp và khám bệnh. Số liệu được phân tích bằng phần mềm SPSS 20.0. Trong tổng số 85 bệnh nhân đột quỵ xuất huyết não được đưa vào nghiên cứu, tỷ lệ nam giới là 76,5%, tuối trung bình là 60,9 ± 14,5, người Kinh chiếm 67,1%, tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có tăng huyết áp ở mức rất cao (81,2% (69/85)). Trong số các bệnh nhân có tăng huyết áp, có đến 44,9% chưa biết bản thân bị tăng huyết áp trước khi nhập viện. Trong số các bệnh nhân có tiền sử tăng huyết áp, tỷ lệ không tuân thủ điều trị tăng huyết áp chiếm tỷ lệ 53%. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỷ lệ tăng huyết áp ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ xuất huyết não ở mức rất cao (81,2%). Trong đó, tỷ lệ bệnh nhân tăng huyết áp chưa được phát hiện trước khi nhập viện và tỷ lệ không tuân thủ điều trị đều ở mức cao (lần lượt là 44.9% và 53%). Việc tầm soát, phát hiện sớm và điều trị kịp thời tăng huyết áp ở người dân trong cộng đồng, đặc biệt là ở những người có tiền sử đột quỵ xuất huyết não là vô cùng quan trọng.

The global HIV AIDS pandemic is still dangerous due to high incidence and high mortality rate. There are many factors associated with the immunological response beside treatment with medical practice. This paper aimed to assess the correlation of immunological responses and trust in physician measures in adult patients living with HIV AIDS. A cross sectional was studied to find the association between CD4 T cell changes and interpersonal trust in patient physician relationships. This study was carried out 93 aldult patients male accounted for 83.9 who were newly diagnosed with HIV AIDS infection at outpatient clinics, Tropical Diseases Hospital from October 2018 to August 2019. The mean TCD4 increased by 324.7 cells µl and 379.7 cells µl, respectively, compared to the original of 161.7 cells µl. Almost all patients had their immunity recovered after 3 and 6 months and the majority of patients have achieved virological success after 6 months of treatment. Factors associated with early immune recovery are youth, lower secondary education and single status. The majority of patients had truly trust in physician after 1 month and factors associated with trust in physician scale are male and employed. In Spearman rank correlation, CD4 T cell recovery and the trust present a strong relationship with p=0.008. Our finding is that the initial immunity recovery was strongly influenced by the interpersonal trust between the patients and the healthcare workers. Tao Gia Phu | Nguyen Hoang Lam | Cao Ngoc Nga | Vo Van Tam | Nguyen Phan Trong Hieu | Nguyen Van Trung "Association of CD4 T cell Recovery and Interpersonal Trust in Patient-Physician Relationship among HIV-Infected Adults in Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30752.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/30752/association-of-cd4-t-cell-recovery-and-interpersonal-trust-in-patientphysician-relationship-among-hivinfected-adults-in-hospital-for-tropical-diseases-vietnam/tao-gia-phu

This is scientific research on how to overcome the current shortage of high school teachers. Population growth and economic deterioration are the main causes of reduced investment in education; Schools receive little investment in additional construction to meet the learning needs of students; Investment in teacher training has not been increased. Besides the pressure at work, teachers receive low salaries, which is also the cause of teachers quitting their jobs. If this situation persists, it will affect the quality of education and the source of high-quality technical labor in the future. To conduct this research, the authors conducted many surveys on students, parents, teachers, principals, leaders of the education industry and synthesized opinions in the media and press. The research work suggests that the most effective solution to the current teacher shortage is to build shared e-learning and e-educational resources for high school students nationwide combined with opening online classes as well as tests and exams. These studies are also the premise for digital transformation in education. Keywords: E-lectures; flipped classroom; e-textbooks; e-workbooks; e-test banks.

In the context of the current “flat world”, developing countries like Laos, Cambodia, etc., need high-quality human resources in science and technology for their national economies. It is inevitable to send students to countries with more developed science and technology. Vietnam is a top priority for Lao students because of many advantages compared to other countries such as affordability, reasonable cost of living and studying, progressive education quality, and close cultural environment. Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology (ICTU) is a highly attractive destination and the top choice of Lao students, especially in engineering and technology majors. In this study, the authors propose and provide some solutions to further enhance the quality of education and training for Lao students, ensuring to always be a reliable, reputable address and increasingly attracting more international students in general and Lao students in particular. This contributes to cultivating the lasting friendship between the two countries.

Chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu cơ sở lý luận và ứng dụng các chỉ số đánh giá kết quả thực hiện công việc (Key Performance Indicators – KPIs) như là một công cụ đo lường thông qua hệ thống các số liệu, chỉ tiêu định lượng nhằm phản ánh hiệu quả hoạt động của giảng viên Trường Đại học Tây Nguyên. Nghiên cứu đã khảo sát 149 người, trong đó có 09 chuyên gia, 28 viên chức quản lý, 112 giảng viên của Trường Đại học Tây Nguyên. Kết quả phân tích chi tiết về khái niệm, vai trò, đặc điểm, nguyên tắc xây dựng KPIs, kỹ thuật đánh giá theo KPIs và quy trình xây dựng KPIs trong cơ sở giáo dục đại học. Qua đó, chúng tôi đề xuất Bộ chỉ số KPIs gồm 05 tiêu chí với 39 chỉ số đánh giá giảng viên Trường Đại học Tây Nguyên.

The alkali volcanics and intrusive rocks, dated at around 35-33Ma, are cut by mineralised northeast and east trending faults showing predominant evidence for strike-slip. Mineralisation includes haematite-Au-Cu and is accompanied by iron-rich alteration of the volcanic rocks. Detailed assessment of the geometry of the fault system at Pu Sam Cap suggests that the faults formed as a Riedel shear system during left-lateral slip within the Song Hong-Song Chay shear zone and the numerous contemporaneous northwest trending faults to the south; the northeast trending faults are interpreted as dextral “book-end’’ faults between major northwest trending faults enclosing the Pu Sam Cap massif. As mineralisation is hosted within these faults and is also associated with lamprohyric dykes it confirms a thermal event younger than the alkaline volcanics and syenitic intrusives at Pu Sam Cap, suggesting a hidden, young porphyry system. The age of faulting, and thus the maximum age for this young intrusive event, is attributed to the 23-21Ma period of late-stage left-lateral strike-slip motion across northwest Vietnam.ReferencesAnczkiewicz R., Viola G., Muntener O., Thrirlwall M., Quong N.Q., 2007. Structure and shearing conditions in the Day Nui Con Voi massif: implications for the evolution of the Red River Fault. Tectonics 26: TC2002.Cao Shunyun, Liu Junlai, Leis B., Zhao Chunquiang 2010. New zircon U/Pb geochronology of the post-kinematic granitic plutons in Diancang Shan Massif along the Ailao-Shan-Red River Shear Zone and its geological implications. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 84, 1474-1487.Chung S.-L., Lee T., Lo C., et al., 1997. Intraplate extension prior to continental extrusion along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone.Geology, 25, 311-314.Cloos H., 1928. Experimentezurinnern Tektonik. Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie und Palaeontologie, 1928, 609-621.Findlay R.H., Phan Trong Trinh 1997. The structural setting of the Song Ma region, Vietnam, and the Indochina-South China plate boundary problem. Gondwana Research, 1, 11-33.Jolivet L., Beysasac O., Goffe B., Avigad D., Leprevrier C., Maluski H., Ta Trong Thang, 2001. Oligo-Miocene midcrustal subhorizontal shear in Indochina. Tectonics, 20, 46-57.Khuong The Hung 2010. The complex tectonic events and their influence on formation of mineral deposits in northwest Vietnam. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Science and Technology, Cracow, 167p.Leloup P.H., N. Arnau, R. Lacassin, J.R. Kienast, T.M. Harrison, P.T. Trinh, A. Replumaz and P. Tapponnier, 2001. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology and timing of the Ailao Shan - Red river shear zone, SE Asia, J. G. R., 106, 6657-6671.Leloup PH.., R. Lacassin, P. Tapponnier, U. Scharer, Zhong Dalai, Liu Xaohan, Zhangshan, Ji Shaocheng and PT.Trinh, 1995. 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Thermochronological evidence for the movement of the Ailo Shan-Red River shear zone, a perspective from Vietnam. Geology, 26, 887-890.Phan Trong Trinh, Nguyen Trong Yem, Herve L.P., Tapponnier P., 1994. Late Cenozoic stress fields in North Vietnam from microtectonic measurements. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Seismotectonics and Seismic Hazard in Southeast Asia. Geological Survey of SR Vietnam, Hanoi, 182-186.Riedel W., 1929. Zur Mechanikgreologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlung B, 354-368.Scharer U., Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., Leloup P.H., Dalai Z., Shaosheng J., 1990. Intraplate tectonics in Asia: a precise age for large-scale Miocene movement along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 97, 65-77.Scharer U., Zhang L.S., Tapponnier P., 1994. Duration of strike-slip movements in large shear zones: the Red River belt, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 126, 379-397.Searle M.P., 2006. Role of the Red River Shear zone, Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 163, 1025-1036.Searle M.P., Meng-Wan Yeh, Te-Hsien Lin, Sun-Lin Chung, 2010. Structural constraints on the timing of left-lateral shear along the Red River shear zone in the Ailao Shan and Diancang Shan Ranges, Yunnan, SW China. Geosphere, 6, 316-338.Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., Leloup H., Scharer U., Zhong Dalai, Wu Hawei, Liu Ziaohan, Ji Shaocheng, Zhang Lianshang, Zong Jiayou, 1990. The Ailao Shan/ Red River metamorphic belt: Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and south China. Nature, 342, 431-437.Tchalenko J.S., 1970. Similarities between shear zones of different magnitudes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 81, 1625-1640.Viola G., Anczkiewicz R. 2009. 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Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 ppm). The O-isotope composition of the whole spinels ranges between 12.1 and 24.2‰ (n = 25). Within each deposit, the range of δ18O values for red, pink and colored spinels is usually similar. However, the red and pink spinels from An Phu present two distinct sets of δ18O values, respectively between 13.2 to 17.0‰ (n = 7) and 22.5< δ18O < 24.2 (n = 5). Those from Cong Troi are from 14.8 to 17.7‰ (n = 3) and their range overlaps that of An Phu. The use of O-isotopes is not useful for distinguishing between the deposits, but the low to extremely low Zn content of the Cong Trois spinels is a discriminant. The variation of δ18O values (12.1 <δ18O < 24.2‰) of the whole spinels indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the metamorphic fluids were probably buffered by the local δ18O values of the impure host marbles.ReferencesChauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac Ph., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 51, 2-17.D'Ippolito V., Andreozzi G.B., Hålenius H., Skogby H., Hametner K., Günther D., 2015. Colour mechanisms in spinel: cobalt and iron interplay for the blue colour. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 431-439.Garnier V., 2003. Les gisements de rubis associés aux marbres de l’Asie Centrale et du Sud-est: genèse et caractérisation isotopique. PhD thesis INPL, Nancy, France, 373p.Garnier, V., Ohnenstetter, D., Giuliani, G., Maluski, H., Deloule, E., Phan Trong Trinh, Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2005. Age and significance of ruby-bearing marbles from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1315-1329.Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Banks D., Hoang Quang Vinh, Lhomme Th., Maluski H., Pêcher A., Bakhsh K.A., Pham Van Long, Phan Trong Trinh, Schwarz D., 2008. Marble-hosted ruby deposits from central and Southeast Asia: towards a new genetic model. 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Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. 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Climate change and sea level rise scenarios for Vietnam. Ministry of Natural resources and Environment. Hanoi, Vietnam. Tran Hong Hanh, Tran Thuc, Kervyn M., 2015. Dynamics of land cover/land use changes in the Mekong Delta, 1973-2011: A remote sensing analysis of the Tran Van Thoi District, Ca Mau province, Vietnam. Remote Sensing, 7, 2899-2925. Doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0951-z Van Lavieren H., Spalding M., Alongi D., Kainuma M., Clüsener-Godt M., Adeel Z., 2012. Securing the future of Mangroves. The United Nations University, Okinawa, Japan, 53, 1-56. Water Resources Directorate. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2016. Available online: http://www.tongcucthuyloi.gov.vn/Tin-tuc-Su-kien/Tin-tuc-su-kien-tong-hop/catid/12/item/2670/xam-nhap-man-vung-dong-bang-song-cuu-long--2015---2016---han-han-o-mien-trung--tay-nguyen-va-giai-phap-khac-phuc. Last accessed on: 30/9/2016. Webster P.J., Holland G.J., Curry J.A., Chang H.-R., 2005. Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science, 309, 1844-1846. Doi: 10.1126/science.1116448. Were K.O., Dick O.B., Singh B.R., 2013. Remotely sensing the spatial and temporal land cover changes in Eastern Mau forest reserve and Lake Nakuru drainage Basin, Kenya. Applied Geography, 41, 75-86. Williams G.A., Helmuth B., Russel B.D., Dong W.-Y., Thiyagarajan V., Seuront L., 2016. Meeting the climate change challenge: Pressing issues in southern China an SE Asian coastal ecosystems. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 8, 373-381. Doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2016.07.002. Woodroffe C.D., Rogers K., McKee K.L., Lovdelock C.E., Mendelssohn I.A., Saintilan N., 2016. Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8, 243-266. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025.

In Viet Nam, non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit has been exploited for a long time. Up to the present, zinc ore remains the major exploited ore in Cho Dien. There are numerous studies of Pb-Zn ore in Cho Dien. However, most of the studies have dedicated only to description of mineralogical and chemical composition of Pb-Zn ore. There has been no publication on this non-sulfide zinc ore. Based on the mineralogical studies, the content of Pb and Zn in groundwater determined by reflective microscope, SEM, EPMA and ICP-MS methods, the study explained the formation of secondary non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit. Strong weathering process makes the upper part of ore bodies completely oxidized. Difference in geochemical behavior of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the oxidation process of Pb-Zn ore is the reason to form non-sulfide zinc ore in the Cho Dien deposit. Oxidation of primary Pb-Zn ore is mainly sphalerite, pyrite, galena minerals which creates a low pH environment and transforms of zinc from immobile (sphalerite - ZnS) to mobile (Zn2+) and retained in solution under acid pH conditions whereas lead has the tendency to form soluble minerals (anglesite, cerussite). The acid neutralization actions of the surrounding rocks make zinc precipitate, to form secondary non-sulfide zinc minerals.ReferencesAndreas Nuspl, 2009. Genesis of nonsulfide zinc deposits and their future utilization (www.geo.tu-frei berg.de/oberseminar/OS_09/Andreas_Nuspl.pdf.Boland M.B., et al., 2003. The Shaimerden supergene zinc deposit, Kazakhstan: Economic Geology, 98(4), 787-795.Chau N.D., Jadwiga P., Adam P., D.V. Hao, L.K. Phon, J. Paweł, 2017. General characteristics of rare earth and radioactive elements in Dong Pao deposit, Lai Chau, Vietnam, Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39(1), 14-26.Dao Thai Bac, 2012. 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The article has analyzed the significance of legal document control, which is considered one of basic conditions to protect, ensure all human rights, freedom and constitutional, legitimate interests. Although, the Vietnamese legal system is more and more complete, there are limitations on legal document control. The article has showed clearly the negative influences of inappropriate legal regulations on human rights and interests. On that basis, the article has referred basic rules of legal document control aspect: The control of constitutionality, lawfulness and rationality in all periods of legal document formulation process.
 Keywords: Legal supervision, supervision of legal documents, mechanisms for supervising legal (normative) documents, constitutionality, legitimacy, profitability.
 References:
 Ann Seidman, Robert B. Seidman, Nalin Abeyesekers, Soạn thảo luật pháp vì tiến bộ xã hội dân chủ: Sổ tay cho nhà soạn thảo, Nxb. Chính trị Quốc gia, H. 2003, tr. 70 - 72. [2] Đinh Dũng Sỹ, Chính sách và mối quan hệ giữa chính sách với pháp luật trong hoạt động lập pháp, Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Lập pháp số 127-thang-7-2008 ngày 20/07/2008.[3] Phạm Chi Lan, Thể chế cho một chính phủ kiến tạo, http://www.doanhnhansaigon.vn/van-de/the-che-cho-mot-chinh-phu-kien-tao/1102398.[4] Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Tú, Công tác kiểm tra văn bản quy phạm pháp luật thuộc trách nhiệm của Bộ Tư pháp, http://tcdcpl.moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/thi-hanh-phap-luat.aspx?ItemID=377.[5] Nguyễn Minh Đức, Triệt tiêu tình trạng cài cắm chính sách trong xây dựng pháp luật, https://thanhnien.vn/chinh-tri/triet-tieu-tinh-trang-cai-cam-chinh-sach-trong-xay-dung-phap-luat-978708.html.[6] Nguyễn Bá Chiến, Pháp luật triệt tiêu pháp luật, Tạp chí Nghiên cứu lập pháp số 74, tháng 4/2006.[7] Bộ Tư pháp,” Ban hành văn bản trái pháp luật thể hiện sự "nhờn" luật”, https://nld.com.vn/thoi-su/bo-tu-phap-ban-hanh-van-ban-trai-phap-luat-the-hien-su-nhon-luat-20180808091902444.htm.[8] Không cài cắm vào luật để phục vụ lợi ích riêng, http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/thoi-su/chinh-tri/thu-tuong-khong-cai-cam-vao-luat-noi-dung-khong-vi-loi-ich-chung-348136.html#inner-article.

THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CYANOBACTERIA IN RICE FIELDS OF NGHIA DAN DISTRICT, NGHE AN PROVINCE
 Nguyen Canh Hieu et al.
 Nghia Dan is a mountainous district of Nghe An province, stretching from 19013’ to 19033’ north latidute and between 105018’ to 105035’ east longitude. In August and December 2014 and in May 2015 we have investigated the species composition of Cyanobacteria distributing in rice fields of Nghia Dan district. We have found 40 species and subspecies in soil samples collected in 4 communes: Nghia Hung, Nghia My, Nghia Lam and Nghia Thuan. The most diverse genera were Oscillatoria (14 species and subspecies), Anabaena (6), Phormidium (5). There are 10 species and subspecies cyanobacteria contain heterocyst cells. Sorenxen coefficients between the sampling phases were from 0.82 to 0.88. Our study also showed that the numbers of species distributing at sampling sites were from 19 to 29 species.

Panax L. is a small genus in the Araliaceae family. In Vietnam, this genus is distributed in the high mountains in the North and in some high mountains in the Central Highlands. In traditional medicine, roots and rhizomes of all Panax species are of high utility. Recently, the finding of new distributions of some Panax species in Vietnam has caused much controversy and confusion. This study investigates 27 fresh specimens of 6 taxa of Panax genus that have been collected from 6 provinces of Vietnam. Based on the combined ITS-rDNA and matK dataset, a well-resolved phylogeny of Panax species/varieties distributed in Vietnam was constructed. Thereby, the study suggests identifying Tam that la xe as Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng and Sam puxailaileng as Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K.Komatsu, S.Zhu & S.Q.Cai, which contributes a new distribution point of this variety in Vietnam. The study also shows that ITS-rDNA and matK genes are highly potential in identifying and distinguishing the taxa of Panax genus.
 Keywords
 Panax, ginseng, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, ITS-rDNA, matK.
 References
 [1] Xiang, Q.B. & Lowry, P.P. Araliaceae, In: Wu, C.Y., Rawen, P.H. & Hong (2007).[2] Nguyen Tap, The species of Panax L. in Vietnam, Journal of Medicinal Material, 10 (3) (2005) 71-76 (in Vietnamese).[3] Phan Ke Long, Le Thanh Son, Phan Ke Loc, Vu Dinh Duy and Pham Van The, Lai Chau ginseng Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K. Komatsu, S. Zhu & S.Q. Cai.I. morphology, ecology, distribution and conservation status, Proceedings of the 2nd VAST – KAST workshop on biodiversity and bio-active compounds, Hanoi- Vietnam, October 28th – 29th (2013), pp. 65-73, Publishing house for science and technology. [4] Nong Van Duy, Le Ngoc Trieu, Nguyen Duy Chinh & Van Tien Tran, A new variety of Panax (Araliace) from Lam Vien Plateau, Vietnam and its molecular evidence, J. Phytotaxa 277(1) (2016) 047-058. http://dx.doi.org/10. 11646/ phytotaxa.277.1.4[5] Tran Ngoc Lan et al., Results of study on Sam Puxailaileng in high moutain, Nghe An province, Nghe An journal of Science and Technology 12 (2016) 7-11 (in Vietnamese). [6] Do Huy Bich et al., Medicinal plant and animal in Vietnam, ep. II (2004), Science & Technic Pub. pp. 1255 (in Vietnamese).[7] X. Chen, B. Liao, J. Song, X. Pang, J. Han, S. Chen, A fast SNP identification and analysis of intraspecific variation in the medicinal Panax species based on DNA barcoding, Gene 530(1) (2013) 39-43. http://doi.org/10.1186/j.gene.2013.07.097[8] Jun Wen and Elizabeth A. Zimmer, Phylogeny and Biogeography of Panax L. (the Ginseng Genus, Araliaceae): Inferences from ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(2) (1996) 167-177.[9] C. Lee, J. Wen, Phylogeny of Panax using chloroplast trnC–trnD intergenic region and the utility of trnC–trnD in interspecific studies of plants, Mol Phylogenet Evol 31(2004): 894-903, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.10.009[10] Y. Zuo, Z. Chen, K. Kondo, T. Funamoto, J. Wen, S. Zhou, DNA barcoding of Panax species, Planta Med. 2011 Jan, 77(2) (2011):182-187. Doi: 0.1055/s-0030-1250166.[11] K. Komatsu, S. Zhu, S.Q. Cai, A new variety of the genus Panax from Southern Yunnan, China and its nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene and matK gene, J. Jap. Bot 78(2) (2003) 86-94. [12] V. Manzanilla1, A. Kool, L. Nguyen Nhat, H. Nong Van, H. Le Thi Thu and H. J. de Boe, Phylogenomics and barcoding of Panax: toward the identification of ginseng species. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018) 18-44. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1160-y[13] Vu Huyen Trang, Hoang Dang Hieu, Chu Hoang Ha, Study on DNA barcode for identify Sam ngoc linh, National conference of biotechnology, Ep.2, (2013) 1100-1104.[14] Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Nguyen Thi Hong Mai, Zhuravlev Yury N, Reunova Galina D., rbcL and rpoB gene sequences of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and Panax vietnamensis, the background for identification and comparison, Journal of Biology 39(1) (2016) 80-85. http://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n1.7870[15] Phan Ke Long, Tran Thi Viet Thanh, Nguyen Thien Tao, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tu Lenh, Nguyen Tien Lam, Dang Xuan Minh, Morphological and molecular characsteristics of Panax sp. (Araliaceae) from Phu Xai Lai Leng mountain, Nghe An province, Vietnam, Journal of Biology 36(4) (2014) 494-499. https://doi.org/ 10.15625/0866-7160/v36n4.5212[16] Phan Ke Long, Vu Dinh Duy, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Giang Son, Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Le Thi Mai Linh, Le Thanh Son, Phylogenetic relationships of the Panax samples collected in Lai Chau province based on matK and ITS-rDNA sequences, Journal of Biology 12(2) (2014) 327-337 (in Vietnamese).[17] Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang, Le Thanh Son, Nguyen Giang Son, Phan Ke Long, A new ginseng species Panax sp. (Araliaceae) in Vietnam, Journal of Pharmacology 10 (2011) 59-63. [18] Pham Thi Ngoc, Pham Thanh Huyen, Nguyen Quynh Nga, Nguyen Minh Khoi, Morphological characteristics of genus Panax L. (Araliaceae) in Vietnam, Journal of Medicinal Materials, 22(3) (2017) 315-322.
 
 

English is one of the most vital and necessary tools for people’s successes in many aspects of life. Therefore, building good ways to develop English skills in students is an urgent demand. Organizing English-Vietnamese bilingual lesson is interpreted as educational method in which a foreign language enrichment measure packaged into content teaching, so it is one of the effective ways to improve this skill for students. By investigating 457 students and 27 high school biology teachers in An Giang province, the study pointed out two issues of the reality of using English in biology teaching in high schools: (1) Teachers have rarely used English in teaching activities, (2) Students’ English ability has been really weak. The study has built up the processes of organizing an English-Vietnamese bilingual lesson. The paper demonstrated that high school students’ English ability and qualification has been improved by using these proposed processes.
 Keywords
 Bilingual biology lessons, bilingual teaching, English ability, biology teaching
 References
 Dinh Quang Bao & Nguyen Duc Thanh (1998). Theories of biology teaching. Vietnam Education Publishing House (in Vietnamese).Bonces, J. R., 2012. Content and language integrated learning (CLIL): Considerations in the Colombian context. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal, 6, 177-189.Dalton-Puffer, C., 2011. Content-and-language integrated learning: From practice to principles? Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, 31, 182–204.Dong Hai Nguyen, 2013. Bilingual education in Vietnam: Successes and challenges. Cambrigde Educational Leadership Seminar, Ho Chi Minh city. Retrieved from ttp://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/images/137032-dr-dong-hai-nguyen-presentation-slides-.pdfPhan Duc Duy, 1999. Trainning biology teaching skills for students based on studying pedagogy cases. Doctor thesis, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam, 34-57 (in Vietnamese).Hadisantosa, N., Huong, T. T. T., Johnstone, R., Keyuravong, S., & Lee, W., 2010. Learning through English: Policies, challenges and prospects (Insight from East Asia). Malaysia: British Council.Nguyen Van Hien, 2009. Developing the skills of applying information technology in organizing biology lessons in students. Doctor thesis, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam, 62-65 (in Vietnamese).Tran Trung Hieu, 2017. Organizing English-Vietnamese bilingual lessons in biology teaching in high school. Teacher of Vietnam Scientific Magazine, 123, 37-39 (in Vietnamese).Dao Thi Hoang Hoa, 2014. Teaching Chemistry through the medium of English using content and language integrated learning approach. Journal of Science, Ho Chi Minh city University of Education, 54 (in Vietnamese).Tran Ba Hoanh, 1993. Techniques of biology teaching. Vietnam Education Publishing House (in Vietnamese).Nguyen Tan Hung, 2010. Dual language instruction – The best way for the improvement of professional knowledge and foreign language competence. Journal of Science and Technology, Da Nang University, 2(37), 192-197 (in Vietnamese).Nha, T. T. V., & Burn, A., 2014. English as a medium of instruction: Challenges for Vietnamese tertiary lecturers. The journal of Asia TEFL, 11(3), 1-31.Thuong Nguyen, 2017. Vietnam national foreign language 2020 project after 9 years: A difficult stage. The Asian Conference on Education & International Development 2017, National Chengchi University, Taiwan.

Tieng Anh:Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has been recently implemented as a potential language teaching method for language education in Vietnam. However, research into the training for teachers on the application of TBLT has remained scarce. This study, therefore, aims to examine how Vietnamese in-service teachers implement the insights from a one-shot training program on TBLT in their classroom-based teaching practices. Three in-service teachers at a university in Vietnam participated. Data were collected through a video-taped classroom observation activity. Findings indicate that the teachers on the whole were unable to transfer the theoretical knowledge of TBLT principles that they had built up during the training program into their actual teaching practices. In addition, the teachers failed to perform TBLT teaching roles throughout the lesson. Accordingly, this study suggests pedagogical implications and insights with regard to the issue of teacher training on TBLT in the context of language education in Vietnam.Tieng Viet:Phuong phap giang day co ten la "Task-based language teaching" (TBLT) duoc thuc thi gan day tai Viet Nam va duoc danh gia la mot phuong phap giang day ngon ngu rat tiem nang. Tuy nhien, den nay van khong co nhieu nghien cuu tim hieu ve hoat dong dao tao, tap huan giao vien de co the ung dung TBLT vao hoat dong giang day tren lop. Vi the, nghien cuu nay tap trung vao viec tim hieu muc do hieu qua cua hoat dong tap huan, cu the la hinh thuc tap huan ngan han (one-shot training) cho giao vien ve phuong phap TBLT, lieu giao vien co the ung dung duoc TBLT vao dieu kien giang day thuc te tren lop sau khoa tap huan hay khong. Ba giao vien giang day mon tieng Anh tai mot truong dai hoc o Viet Nam dong y tham gia vao nghien cuu. So lieu duoc thu thap thong qua hoat dong quay video ve hoat dong giang day cua giao vien tren lop. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay nhin chung giao vien khong co kha nang thuc thi kien thuc TBLT (nguyen tac cot loi, vai tro giao vien) ma ho da duoc tap huan vao hoat dong giang day thuc te tren lop hoc cua minh. Tu ket qua do, nhom nghien cuu de xuat phuong huong, giai phap va ke hoach hanh dong cho hoat dong tap huan giao vien trong viec ung dung, thuc thi TBLT trong dieu kien giang day ngoai ngu tai Viet Nam.

Bộ Tài chính (2021a), Thông tư 100/2021/TT-BTC sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của thông tư số 40/2021/TT-BTC ngày 01/6/2021 của bộ trưởng bộ tài chính hướng dẫn thuế giá trị gia tăng, thuế thu nhập cá nhân và quản lý thuế đối với hộ kinh doanh, cá nhân kinh doanh, ban hành ngày 15 tháng 11 năm 2021. Bộ Tài chính (2021b), Thông tư 40/2021/TT-BTC hướng dẫn thuế giá trị gia tăng, thuế thu nhập cá nhân và quản lý thuế đối với hộ kinh doanh, cá nhân kinh doanh, ban hành Hà Nội, ngày 01 tháng 6 năm 2021. Bùi Việt Hà (2022), ‘Quản lý thuế đối với hoạt động thương mại điện tử trong điều kiện cách mạng 4.0’, Tạp chí nghiên cứu Tài chính kế toán, 08(229), 28-32. Chính phủ (2013), Nghị định số 52/2013/NĐ-CP về thương mại điện tử, ban hành ngày 6 tháng 05 năm 2013. Chính phủ (2020), Nghị định số 126/2020/NĐ-CP quy định chi tiết một số điều của luật quản lý thuế, ban hành ngày 19 tháng 10 năm 2020. Chính phủ (2021), Nghị định 85/2021/NĐ-CP của Chính phủ: Sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Nghị định số 52/2013/NĐ-CP ngày 16 tháng 5 năm 2013, ban hành ngày 01 tháng 01 năm 2022. Chính phủ (2022), Nghị định số 91/2022/NĐ-CP về sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của nghị định số 126/2020/nđ-cp ngày 19 tháng 10 năm 2020 của chính phủ quy định chi tiết một số điều của luật quản lý thuế, ban hành ngày 30 tháng 10 năm 2022. Dương Tố Dung (2005), Cẩm nang thương mại điện tử cho doanh nhân, nhà xuất bản Lao Động. Lâm Văn Minh, Nguyễn Sỹ Huy & Phùng Thu Phương (2022), ‘Hoàn thiện pháp luật về quản lý thuế đối với sàn thương mại điện tử, Tạp chí kiểm sát, 17, 49-54. Minh Huệ (2021), ‘Quản lý thuế thương mại điện tử áp dụng thông lệ quốc tế để nâng cao hiệu quả’, Tạp chí thuế nhà nước, 29+30+31(856-858), 14-15. Nguyễn Đức Thịnh (2021), ‘Quản lý thuế trong bối cảnh kinh tế số: Ấn Độ quy định ngưỡng đánh thuế đối với các đối tượng không cư trú’, Tạp chí thuế nhà nước, 29+30+31(856-858), 16-17. Nguyễn Thị Hường, Lê Ngọc Anh, Nguyễn Thị Hải Anh & Lê An (2021), ‘Quản lý thuế đối với hoạt động kinh doanh trên sàn thương mại điện tử Shoppee thực trạng và giải pháp’, Tạp chí thuế nhà nước, from <https://thuenhanuoc.vn/tapchi/chuyen-muc/dien-dan/32bd47d6-ed26-446a-b359-f5198d4839e1>. Nguyễn Trung Dương & Lê Nhật Hồng (2019), ‘Quản lý thuế đối với hoạt động thương mại điện tử thực trạng và một số kiến nghị’, Tạp chí pháp luật và thực tiễn, 40/2019, 17-28. Quốc hội (2019), Luật Quản lý thuế số 38/2019/QH14, ban hành ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 2019. Trung Bảo (2021), Thu thuế qua sàn giao dịch thương mại điện tử sẽ giảm thiểu thời gian, chi phí cho người nộp thuế, từ <https://thuenhanuoc.vn/tapchi/chuyen-muc/nhip-song-thue/thu-thue-qua-san-giao-dich-thuong-mai-dien-tu-se-giam-thieu-thoi-gian-chi-phi-cho-nguoi-nop-thue>. Trung Kiên (2023), Các sàn thương mại điện tử đã cung cấp gần 16 triệu lượt giao dịch cho cơ quan thuế, từ <https://thuenhanuoc.vn/tapchi/chuyen-muc/nhip-song-thue/e58b1999-32a5-4233-89ad-8fd70438907b>. VCCI (2022), Chất lượng của quy định và sự thuận lợi của môi trường kinh doanh, chất lượng của thông tư, công văn với hiệu quả của cải cách thể chế, từ <https://vibonline.com.vn/file-c-users-admin-downloads-22-9-29-thong-tu-cong-van-print-final-pdfg-cua-thong-tu-cong-van-voi-hieu-qua-cua-cai-cach-che.html>. Vũ Thị Như Quỳnh (2021), ‘Kinh nghiệm của các nước Châu Á về chống thất thu thuế từ hoạt động TMĐT và bài học cho Việt Nam’, Tạp chí Công thương, 17, 242-247.

The paper aims to improve the multi-label classification performance using the feature reduction technique. According to the determination of the dependency among features based on fuzzy rough relation, features with the highest dependency score will be retained in the reduction set. The set is subsequently applied to enhance the performance of the multi-label classifier. We investigate the effectiveness of the proposed model againts the baseline via time complexity.
 Keywords: 
 Fuzzy rough relation, label-specific feature, feature reduction set
 References
 [1] Richard Jensen, Chris Cornelis, Fuzzy-Rough Nearest Neighbor Classification and Prediction. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing, 2011, 310-319.
 [2] Y.H. Qian, Q. Wang, H.H. Cheng, J.Y. Liang, C.Y. Dang, Fuzzy-Rough feature selection accelerator, Fuzzy Sets Syst. 258 (2014) 61-78.
 [3] Quang-Thuy Ha, Thi-Ngan Pham, Van-Quang Nguyen, Minh-Chau Nguyen, Thanh-Huyen Pham, Tri-Thanh Nguyen, A New Text Semi-supervised Multi-label Learning Model Based on Using the Label-Feature Relations, International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence, LNAI 11055, Springer, 2018, pp. 403-413.
 [4] Daniel Kostrzewa, Robert Brzeski, The data Dimensionality Reduction and Feature Weighting in the Classification Process Using Forest Optimization Algorithm, ACIIDS, 2019, pp. 97-108.
 [5] Nele Verbiest, Fuzzy Rough and Evolutionary Approaches to Instance Selection, PhD Thesis, Ghent University, 2014.
 [6] Y. Yu, W. Pedrycz, D.Q. Miao, Multi-label classification by exploiting label correlations, Expert syst, Appl. 41 (2014) 2989-3004.
 [7] M.L. Zhang, LIFT: Multi-label learning with label-specific features, IEEE Trans, Pattern Anal, Mach, Intell 37 (2015) 107-120.
 [8] Suping Xu, Xibei Yang, Hualong Yu, Dong-Jun Yu, Jingyu Yang, Eric CC Tsang, Multi-label learning with label-specific feature reduction, Knowledge-Based Systems 104 (2016) 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2017.1364925.
 [9] Thi-Ngan Pham, Van-Quang Nguyen, Van-Hien Tran, Tri-Thanh Nguyen, Quang-Thuy Ha, A Semi-supervised multi-label classification framework with feature reduction and enrichment, Journal of Information and Telecommunication 1(4) (2017) 305-318.
 [10] M. Ghaemi, M.R. Feizi-Derakhshi, Feature selection using forest optimization algorithm, Pattern Recognition 60 (2016) 121-129.
 [11] M.L. Zhang, Z.H. Zhou, ML-KNN: A lazy learning approach to multi-label learning, Pattern Recognition 40 (2007) 2038-2048.
 [12] M.Z. Ahmad, M.K. Hasan, A New Approach for Computing Zadeh's Extension Principle, MATEMATIKA. 26(1) (2010) 71-81.
 [13] Richard Jensen, Neil Mac Parthaláin and Qiang Shen. Fuzzy-rough data mining (using the Weka data mining suite), A Tutorial, IEEE WCCI 2014, Beijing, China, July 6, 2014.
 [14] D. Dubois, H. Prade, Rough fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets, Int. J. Gen. Syst. 17 (1990) 191-209.

This paper conducts a descriptive cross-sectional study to determine the outpatient satisfaction with health insurance drug dispensing at the pharmacy of Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in 2019 through a survey questionnaire. The study results show that the outpatient satisfaction was influenced by 4 factors: reliability, assurance, empathy and tangibility, among which, reliability was the most influential one (42%). Generally, the outpatient satisfaction with the health insurance drug dispensing ranged from “Satisfied” to “Absolutely satisfied” (4.19 – 4.36). The study also shows a low level of satisfaction with drug dispensing time and some other aspects of the drug dispensing, which suggests that suitable measures should be taken by the hospital to improve its outpatient drug dispensing service.
 Keywords
 Satisfaction, service quality, drug dispensing, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital.
 References
 [1] E. Zarei, A. Daneshkohan, B. Pouragha et al, An empirical study of the impact of service quality on patient satisfaction in private hospitals Iran, Global journal of health science, 7(1) (2014) 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p1 [2] R. Thornton, N. Nurse, L. Snavely et al, Influences on patient satisfaction in healthcare centers: a semi-quantitative study over 5 years, BMC Health Services Research, 17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2307-z[3] Le Ba Tiep, Surveying the satisfaction of outpatient with health insurance procedures at the clinic – Nguyen Trai Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City. Specialized Pharmacist of 1st grade, 2017 (in Vietnamese)[4] Phung Duc Nhat, Phan Thi Hieu, Tran Ngoc Phuong, Dien Ngoc Trang, Nguyen Thi Tuyet Van, Customer satisfaction with health care services at the center of injury prevention and non-communicable diseases, Medical Journal Ho Chi Minh City, 18(6) (2013) 646-652 (in Vietnamese)[5] A. Parasuraman, V.A.Zeithaml, L.L.Berry, Servqual: A multiple – item scale for measuring consumer perception of service quality, Journal of Retailing, 64 (1988) 12-40.[6] Nguyen Tran Huy Duc, Measuring the satisfaction of outpatient patients with the quality of service at Ho Chi Minh City Public Hospital, Master thesis, 2013 (in Vietnammese).[7] Phan Thi Thuy Duong, Factors affecting the satisfaction of customer with treatment services covered by health insurance in Gia Lai province, Master thesis, 2016 (in Vietnamese).[8] Nhu Ngoc Thanh, The impact of service quality on patient satisfaction at Hai Duong Children of Hospital, Master thesis, 2013 (in Vietnamese).[9] Hoang Trong, Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc, Analyze research data with SPSS volumes 1 and 2, Hong Duc Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 2008 27-46 (in Vietnamese).[10] J.D. Evans, Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, 1996.[11] Ministry of Health, Vietnam Policy on Satisfaction Index 2018, 44 (in Vietnamese).[12] Huynh Bao Tuan, Pham Le Khanh Linh, Tran Minh Nhut, Lean application for the pharmacy in medication administration to out-patients with health insurance at Hoan My Saigon Hospital, Science & Technology Development Journal, 20 (4) (2017) 34-40 (in Vietnamese).[13] H. Koning, J. Verver, J. Heuvel et al, Lean Six Sigma in Healthcare, Journal for healthcare quality :official publication of the National Association for Healthcare Quality, 28 (2006) 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.2006.tb00596.x[14] J. Heuvel, R. Does, H. Koning, Lean Six Sigma in a hospital, Int. J. Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 2 (2006) 377-388. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCA.2006.011566.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Intellectual Property Chapter in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership imposes many new obligations on Vietnam, which requires an overhaul of Vietnam’s intellectual property law in order to implement the IP provisions in this Agreement. This article anaylyzes the IP provisions in CPTPP, compares with the current Vietnamese law and with the newly amended Law on Intellectual Property, which was adopted by the National Assembly on June 14, 2019, then identifies which provisions have met the requirements of CPTPP and which provisions need further amendment and supplement.
 Keywords: CPTPP, intellectual property, Law on Intellectual Property.
 References: 
 [1] World Bank, Legal Review and Gap Assessment for Vietnam’s Implementation of CPTPP, 15 July 2018.[2] VPLS Phạm và Liên danh, Tìm hiểu về bảo hộ nhãn hiệu âm thanh, https://www.pham.com.vn/chuyen-muc-binh-luan/tim-hieu-ve-bao-ho-nhan-hieu-am-thanh.htm (truy cập ngày 23/8/2019)[3] Nguyễn Thị Quế Anh, Phân loại nhãn hiệu theo hình thức của nhãn hiệu, Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN, Luật học 26 (2010) 99-107.[4] Nguyễn Thị Thu Trang (chủ biên), Rà soát pháp luật Việt Nam với các cam kết của Hiệp định Đối tác Xuyên Thái Bình Dương (TPP) về Sở hữu trí tuệ, NXB. Công thương, Hà Nội, 2017.[5] International Trademark Association, Board Resolution, Elimination of Mandatory Trademark License Recording Requirements, March 28, 1995, https://www.inta.org/Advocacy/Pages/EliminationofMandatoryTrademarkLicenseRecordingRequirements.aspx (truy cập ngày 23/8/2019)[6] Commission Regulation (EU) No 1122/2010 of 2 December 2010 entering a designation in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications [Gouda Holland (PGI)], https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32010R1122 (truy cập ngày 23/8/2019).[7] Danny Friedmann, TPP’s Coup de Grâce: How the Trademark System Prevailed as Geographical Indication System, in PARADIGM SHIFT IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW RULE-MAKING, TPP AS A NEW MODEL FOR TRADE AGREEMENTS? (Julien Chaisse, Henry Gao, and Chang-fa Lo eds.) New York: Springer, Series “Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific,” 2017, 273- 291, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3090172[8] Báo Nhân Dân điện tử, Tạo thuận lợi cho các chủ thể quyền sở hữu trí tuệ, ngày 03/8/2019, https://www.nhandan.com.vn/khoahoc-congnghe/item/41083802-tao-thuan-loi-cho-cac-chu-the-quyen-so-huu-tri-tue.html (truy cập ngày 23/8/2019)[9] Trần Mạnh Hùng, CPTPP – Những điều cần biết trước thềm mùa xuân 2019, https://baodautu.vn/cptpp---nhung-dieu-can-biet-truoc-them-mua-xuan-2019-d93484.html[10] Luật bản quyền Hoa Kỳ, 17 U.S.C §504.[11] Baker & McKenzie, Proposed Amendments to the Patent Law and Draft IP Provision in the Foreign Investment Law, 12 February 2019, https://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2019/01/proposed-amendments-to-the-patent-law (truy cập ngày 23/8/2019).

Mai Trong Nhuan, Nguyen Manh Khai, Vo Le Phu, Chau Nguyen Xuan Quang, Pham Trung Hieu, Doan Quang Tri, Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga (Editors) International Conference on Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mining for Digital Transformation, Green Development and Response to Global Change (GREEN EME 2023) Proceedings of International Conference on Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mining for Digital Transformation, Green Development and Response to Global Change (GREEN EME 2023) Global change, rapid development of science and technology, and the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) create many opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. Vietnam, being one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and natural disasters, is devoting great efforts to achieve sustainable development goals and net zero emissions by 2050 as well as to improve productivity and national competitiveness. In this context, innovation, digital transformation in training, basic and applied research on EME become more urgent than ever for green, circular development and response to global change, sustainable development, prosperity, and safety of the country, the region and the world. The fields of Earth, Mines, and Environmental sciences (EME) have emerged and evolved alongside with the evolution of human society, and have created a profound impact on all aspects of life and socio-economic development through utilizing natural resources, impacting the environment, and driving global change. The robust development of these areas serves as the foundation for various other fundamental and applied sciences, and concurrently acts as a catalyst for technological advancements worldwide, contributing to the common prosperity and safety of humankind as well as the conservation of the blue Earth. The EME with the theme of “Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mining for Digital Transformation, Green Development and Response to Global Change” (GREEN EME 2023) was held in Ho Chi Minh City in December 29, 2023. The GREEN EME 2023 was successfully co-organized by Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, in collaboration with Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration, the Interdisciplinary Council for Professorship of Earth - Mining Sciences, as well as various research institutes and local and international higher education institutions. The GREEN EME 2023 covers six topics: (i) Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Earth Sciences, Mines, Environment; (ii) Digital Transformation in Earth, Mining, Environmental Sciences; (iii) Sustainable energy transition for green, renewable (wind power, solar power, gas power, geothermal, garbage electricity, hydrogen, etc.) and low carbon emission technologies; (iv) Circular economy in resource-mineral management and sustainable development; (v) Climate change response and disaster risk reduction; (vi) Solutions to promote innovation in the fields of Earth Science, Mining and Environment to meet the goal of sustainable development. Overall, the Conference has attracted more than 100 papers from scientists, researchers, government managers, and graduate students. Among them, 90 high-quality papers were recommended to submit for peer-reviewing. Then, the double-blind review process was carried out for the 85 papers, in which each paper has been reviewed for its merit and novelty by at least two reviewers and one editor by matching the content areas. As a result, a total of 24 papers have been finally selected to be published in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. It is strongly believed that this proceedings provides a broad overview of recent advanced studies in the fields of Earth, Mines, and Environmental sciences with a profound impact on all aspects of life and socio-economic development through utilizing natural resources, impacting the environment, and driving global change. List of Editors, International Scientific Committee and Conference Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.

Nowadays, immigration for employment becomes the basic element of the era of globalization. In front of this situation, each country has a legal framework to regulate foreign workers. This article shows the requirements to overcome the limitations and proposes the recommendations to improve the current law on managing foreign workers in Vietnam.
 Keywords: Foreign workers, law on management of foreign workers, requirements, and globalization.
 References:
 [1] Bộ luật Lao động năm 2012; Khoản 1 Điều 170.[2] Bộ luật Tố tụng dân sự năm 2015, Khoản 1 Điều 209.[3] Các Hiệp định thương mại Việt Nam đã ký kết quá trình và lợi thế, nguồn:https://www.geskualalumpur2013.org/ngoai-giao/cac-hiep-dinh-thuong-mai-viet-nam-da-ky-ket-qua-trinh-va-loi-the/, truy cập ngày 10/11/2018.[4] GT.TSKH. Đào Trí Úc, Bàn về lập hiến, nguồn: http://quochoi.vn/tulieuquochoi/anpham/Pages/anpham.aspx?AnPhamItemID=23, truy cập ngày 9/4/2019. [5] Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội - Khoa Luật, Quyền của người nước ngoài, NXB. Chính trị Quốc gia Sự thật, (2018), 115.[6] TS. Đặng Minh Tuấn, Mối quan hệ giữa pháp luật quốc tế và pháp luật quốc gia: Nhìn từ góc độ hiến pháp trên thế giới và một số gợi mở cho Việt Nam, nguồn: https://hienphap.wordpress.com/2013/07/23/moi-quan-he-giua-phap-luat-quoc-te-va-phap-luat-quoc-gia-nhin-tu-goc-do-hien-phap-tren-the-gioi-va-mot-so-goi-mo-cho-viet-nam-dang-minh-tuan/, truy cập ngày 9/4/2019.[7] Nghị định 11/2016/NĐ-CP ngày 03/02/2016 quy định chi tiết thi hành một số điều của Bộ luật Lao động về lao động nước ngoài làm việc tại Việt Nam; Điều 20.[8] Nghị định 140/2018/NĐ-CP ngày 08/10/2018 về sửa đổi, bổ sung các Nghị định liên quan đến điều kiện đầu tư kinh doanh, thủ tục hành chính thuộc phạm vi quản lý nhà nước của Bộ Lao động -Thương binh và Xã hội; Khoản 8 Điều 11.[9] TS. Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương, Vấn đề lao động người nước ngoài ở Việt Nam trong thời kỳ hội nhập quốc tế, Đề tài cấp Nhà nước, mã số KX.02.01/11-15, Viện Khoa học Lao động và Xã hội, (2014), 13.[10] OECD, OECD Economic Surveys: Korea, (2018), 38. [11] Phạm Quý Thọ, Thị trường lao động Việt Nam - Thực trạng và các giải pháp phát triển, Nxb. Lao động - xã hội, Hà Nội, (2003), 10.[12] Thị trường lao động Việt Nam đối mặt nhiều thách thức trong tiến trình hội nhập, nguồn: http://dangcongsan.vn/xa-hoi/thi-truong-lao-dong-viet-nam-doi-mat-nhieu-thach-thuc-trong-tien-trinh-hoi-nhap-468083.html, truy cập ngày 27/12/2017. [13] Trường Đại học Luật Hà Nội, Bộ LĐTB&XH, Kỷ yếu hội thảo khoa học “Chính sách, pháp luật ASEAN về lao động và các vấn đề xã hội - tính tương thích của pháp luật Việt Nam” ngày 1/12 tại Hà Nội, (2016), 25-40.[14] Wang-Bae Kim, Migration of Foreign Workers into South Korea: From Periphery to Semi-Periphery in the Global Labor Market, Vol.44, No. 2 Asian Survey, (2004), 317.

Along with administrative sanctions, sanctions against administrative violations are determined very early in Vietnam [1] and gradually improved. However, a part of the sanctions is not really comprehensive due to the simple and convenient factor when applied. Under these conditions, important principles stemming from the philosophy of sanctions are not properly addressed. As a result, the application of sanctions faces many difficulties, some of which are incompatible with the nature of the violations or the form of sanctions that are not really consistent with the nature and extent of the acts violate. This does not only affects the consistency in the application of sanctions when sanctioning administrative violations but also sometimes negatively affects the deterrence, validity and effectiveness of sanctioning decisions. Based on the logical thinking, characteristics and characteristics of each type of sanctions, the paper focuses on analyzing the principles to be guaranteed to build a complete administrative sanctions system in Vietnam today.
 Keywords: Principles in state management, principles in building sanctions, sanctions against administrative violations.
 References:
 [1] Regulations on penalties for violations were issued in accordance with Decree No. 143 / CP of May 27, 1977 of the Government Council.[2] Phan Trung Hien: Theory of state and law (vol. 2), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2011 (second edition).[3] Report No. 09 / BC-BTP dated January 8, 2018 of the Ministry of Justice summarizing the implementation of the Law on handling of administrative violations.[4] Clause 1 Article 3 of the Law on handling of administrative violations in 2012.[5] Traffic Newspaper: "The countries that punish people who drank alcohol and beer drive the most strictly" The Ministry of Transport website: http://mt.gov.vn/vn/tin-tuc/64226 /nhung-nuoc-xu-phat-nguoi-uong-ruou--bia-lai-xe-nghiem-khac-nhat.aspx[accessed: 19/3/2020].[6] Clause 1 Article 23 and Clause 1 Article 52 of the Law on handling of administrative violations 2012.[7] See the following Reports:[8] Report No. 403/BC-BTP dated December 30, 2016 of the Ministry of Justice on law enforcement on handling of administrative violations in 2016.[9] Report No. 28/BC-BTP dated January 23, 2018 of the Ministry of Justice on the implementation of the law on handling of administrative violations in 2017.[10] The Ministry of Justice's Report No. 82/BC-BTP dated March 22, 2019 on the implementation of the law on handling of administrative violations in 2018.[11] On March 18, 2019, Thanh Xuan District Police applied Point a, Clause 1, Article 5 of Decree 16/2013/ ND-CP dated November 12, 2013 of the Government to sanction violations against the Government. D.M.H (31 years old, born in Hai Phong) about gesture, cruel words, provocation, teasing, insulting the honor and dignity of others to punish a man who has committed sexual acts The girl in the lift of the Golden Palm apartment building (Nhan Chinh ward, Thanh Xuan district) https://thanhnien.vn/thoi-su/co-gai-bi-sam-so-trong-thang-may-phat-hanh-chinh-yeu-rau-xanh-200000-dong-1061885.html (accessed September 19, 2019).[12] Viet Khue - Tung Nguyen, Redeeming 100 USD is fined 90 USD: What is the law but not reasonable? https://dantri.com.vn/ban-doc/doi-100-usd-bi-phat-90-trieu-dong-dung-luat-nhung-khong-hop-ly-o-diem-nao-20181109082508651.html [accessed September 19, 2019].[13] Viet Khue - Tung Nguyen, cited documents.[14] Le Van Thinh: Is the container on the ground a construction ?, Electronic Newspaper of the Ministry of Construction, http://www.baoxaydung.com.vn/news/vn/hoi-_-dap /container-dat-tren-mat-dat-co-phai-la-cong-trinh-xay-dung.html [accessed September 19, 2019].[15] See the following Reports: Report No. 403 / BC-BTP dated December 30, 2016; Report No. 28 / BC-BTP dated January 23, 2018; Report No. 82 / BC-BTP dated March 22, 2019 of the Ministry of Justice on the implementation of laws on handling of administrative violations in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Enforcers are State officials, assigned tasks and powers in the process of executing legally effective judgments and decisions of courts and competent agencies. In order to ensure impartiality and objectivity in the course of performing their duties and powers, the Law on enforcement of Civil Judgments provides for things that enforcers must not do. This article analyzes some inadequacies and proposes to amend and supplement the provisions of Article 21 of the Law on enforcement of civil judgments on things that enforcers must not do.
 Keywords: enforcers; law on enforcement of civil judgments, impartial, objective, relatives.
 References:
 [1]. Điều 17 Luật Thi hành án dân sự 2008[2]. Điều 2 Luật Thi hành án dân sự 2008[3]. Điều 21 Luật Thi hành án dân sự 2008[4]. Hoàng Thảo Hà – Nghề Chấp hành viênhttps://thads.moj.gov.vn/quangninh/noidung/tintuc/lists/nghiencuutraodoi/viewdetail.aspx?itemid=40[5]https://dantri.com.vn/ban-doc/sau-loat-bai-dieu-tra-cua-dan-tri-hai-nguyen-can-bo-thi-hanh-an-chuan-bi-hau-toa-20180806081141529.htm[6]https://dantri.com.vn/ban-doc/binh-dinh-can-bo-thi-hanh-an-bi-to-hien-ke-de-bi-don-tau-tan-tai-san-20160608083218809.htm[7] Khoản 1 Điều 10, Nghị định số 62/2015/NĐ-CP ngày 18/7/2015[8]https://baophapluat.vn/tu-phap/lung-tung-ap-dung-quyen-yeu-cau-thay-doi-chap-hanh-vien-cua-nguoi-duoc-thi-hanh-an-387078.html[9] Khoản 1 Điều 651 Bộ luật dân sự 2015[10] Khoản 1 Điều 13, Nghị quyết 03/2012/NQ-HĐTP - Hướng dẫn thi hành một số quy định trong phần thứ nhất “Những quy định chung” của Bộ luật tố tụng dân sự đã được sửa đổi, bổ sung theo Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Bộ luật tố tụng dân sự: [11]https://vietnam.unfpa.org/vi/news/k%E1%BA%BFt-qu%E1%BA%A3-t%E1%BB%95ng-%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u-tra-d%C3%A2n-s%E1%BB%91-v%C3%A0-nh%C3%A0-%E1%BB%9F-n%C4%83m-2019

This special issue of PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies is entitled ‘Italian Cultures: Writing Italian Cultural Studies in the World,’ guest edited by Ilaria Vanni (University of Technology Sydney). The issue aims at updating existing scholarship and scoping the proliferation of interests in the growing field of Italian cultural studies, whether conducted in Italy or outside that country. The issue proceeds from the premise that cultural studies practitioners write multiple Italies within Italy itself and from provincialized Italies, with a perspective that is both global and informed by specific local knowledge. As Vanni says in her introduction to the special issue, a number of questions arise when critics attempt both to imagine and work within the relatively recent field of Italian cultural studies: ‘Is there a specific genealogy to the study of cultures in Italy that intersects with the Anglophone definition of cultural studies? Is Italian cultural studies confined to cultural practices in Italy, or does it expand to include the cultural practices of the Italian diaspora? If there is an Italian cultural studies tradition, where is it? What do Italian cultural studies academics write about?' The contributions included here respond to such questions by drawing on a range of disciplinary and critical traditions to problematise received ideas about what Italy signifies and for whom.
 
 This issue of PORTAL also contains an essay and two cultural works in its cultural works section. ‘In the Age of Schizophrenia, Icebergs, and Things that Grip the Mind,’ from the Vietnam-based visual artist, curator, and writer, Sue Hajdú, is an evocative meditation on Saigon as represented in the work of five Vietnamese photographers— Ngo Dinh Truc, Lam Hieu Thuan, Nguyen Tuong Linh, Bui The Trung Nam, and Bui Huu Phuoc— who were born in the 1970s and whose work is reproduced by permission here. In her response to these young artists’ representations of contemporary Saigon, Hajdú notes how each photographer is inevitably grappling with the historically and nationally specific notion of contemporary Vietnamese time, ‘the monumental demarcation line’ signified by 1975. We also include in the cultural works section a suite of Spanish and English-language poems, ‘From/De Infernal : romantic,’ by Sydney based Vek Lewis, and a poem entitled ‘Mutiple Strokes’ by the Nigerian writer and critic, Obododimma Oha.
 
 Paul Allatson, Chair, PORTAL Editorial Committee