Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hierarchical Intervention

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hierarchical Intervention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 September 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hierarchical Intervention"

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Karanika-Murray, Maria, Dimitra Gkiontsi, and Thom Baguley. "Engaging leaders at two hierarchical levels in organizational health interventions." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-07-2018-0086.

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Purpose Although visible leader support is an essential ingredient for successful organizational health interventions, knowledge on how leaders at different hierarchical levels engage with interventions is underdeveloped. The purpose of this paper is to explore leader engagement by drawing from the experiences of the intervention team. Design/methodology/approach Data from semi-structured interviews with the team responsible for implementing an organizational health intervention in two large UK organizations were used to examine how leaders at strategic (senior management) and operational (line managers) positions engaged with the intervention. Findings Thematic analysis uncovered 6 themes and 16 sub-themes covering the leaders’ initial reactions to the intervention, barriers to leader engagement, ways in which the intervention team dealt with these barriers, factors facilitating and factors accelerating leader engagement, and differences in engagement between leadership levels. Research limitations/implications This study can inform research into the conditions for optimizing leader engagement in organizational health interventions and beyond. Insights also emerged on the roles of leaders at different hierarchical levels and the value of perspective taking for intervention implementation. Practical implications Recommendations for bolstering the engagement of leaders in interventions are offered, that apply to all leaders or separately to leaders at strategic or operational levels. Originality/value The experiences of the intervention team who sought to engage leaders at different organizational levels to support the intervention are invaluable. Understanding how leader engagement can be maximized can better equip intervention teams for delivering successful interventions.
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Baker, Elise, A. Lynn Williams, Sharynne McLeod, and Rebecca McCauley. "Elements of Phonological Interventions for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: The Development of a Taxonomy." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 906–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0127.

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Purpose Our aim was to develop a taxonomy of elements comprising phonological interventions for children with speech sound disorders. Method We conducted a content analysis of 15 empirically supported phonological interventions to identify and describe intervention elements. Measures of element concentration, flexibility, and distinctiveness were used to compare and contrast interventions. Results Seventy-two intervention elements were identified using a content analysis of intervention descriptions then arranged to form the Phonological Intervention Taxonomy: a hierarchical framework comprising 4 domains, 15 categories, and 9 subcategories. Across interventions, mean element concentration (number of required or optional elements) was 45, with a range of 27 to 59 elements. Mean flexibility of interventions (percentage of elements considered optional out of all elements included in the intervention) was 44%, with a range of 29% to 62%. Distinctiveness of interventions (percentage of an intervention's rare elements and omitted common elements out of all elements included in the intervention [both optional and required]) ranged from 0% to 30%. Conclusions An understanding of the elements that comprise interventions and a taxonomy that describes their structural relationships can provide insight into similarities and differences between interventions, help in the identification of elements that drive treatment effects, and facilitate faithful implementation or intervention modification. Research is needed to distil active elements and identify strategies that best facilitate replication and implementation.
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Hardiker, N. R. "Logical Ontology for Mediating between Nursing Intervention Terminology Systems." Methods of Information in Medicine 42, no. 03 (2003): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634359.

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Summary Objectives: Several researchers have proposed the use of logical ontologies as ‘reference terminologies’. However, there are a number of unresolved issues. This article describes the development of a logical ontology for nursing interventions and presents the results of evaluation. Methods: Initially this study involved the development in GRAIL of two separate experimental ontologies: an ontology based on the textual content of informal definitions for nursing interventions drawn from the Nursing Interventions Classification; and an ontology based on labels for the same nursing interventions. Following initial bench-testing, the ontology based on labels was selected for extension (to accommodate also nursing intervention components of the Home Health Care Classification System and the Omaha System), for further testing and for external evaluation. Results: A hierarchy of nursing interventions generated automatically from the experimental ontology based on informal definitions contained only 3 hierarchical relationships, compared to 214 for the initial ontology based on labels. For the final extended ontology based on labels, the generated hierarchy contained the three source terminology systems in entirety - there were a total of 2861 hierarchical relationships. While the results of comparative bench testing of the final ontology were favourable, the results of external evaluation were mixed and showed little agreement between reviewers. Conclusion: This study suggests that while a logical ontology based on labels might be a useful tool for mediating between nursing intervention terminology systems, a formative consensus type development methodology might improve the approach by helping to harmonise ideological differences that may exist across the nursing profession.
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Karimi-Shahanjarini, Akram, Arash Rashidian, Nasrin Omidvar, and Reza Majdzadeh. "Assessing and Comparing the Short-Term Effects of TPB Only and TPB plus Implementation Intentions Interventions on Snacking Behavior in Iranian Adolescent Girls: A Cluster Randomized Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 27, no. 3 (January 2013): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.110311-quan-113.

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Purpose. The evidence for the effectiveness of theory of planned behavior (TPB)–based interventions is mixed. There is also mixed evidence on the effectiveness of adding implementation intentions to TPB-based interventions. In this study we assessed and compared the short-term effects of TPB-only intervention and TPB plus implementation intentions intervention on snacking behavior and intention to consume unhealthy snacks in Iranian adolescent girls. Design. Three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting. Ten middle schools in Tehran (Iran). Subjects. A total of 29 classes included 739 female adolescents (age range: 12–15 years). Intervention. Two brief interventions including TPB-only intervention and TPB plus implementation intentions intervention. Measures. Food frequency questionnaire and intentions at baseline, 10 days, and 3 months measuring snacking behavior and cognitions about unhealthy snack consumption, respectively. Analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling to assess the interventions' effects. Results. Both interventions successfully decreased intention to consume and consumption of unhealthy snacks at postintervention. Calculation of the effect sizes revealed that the TPB plus implementation intentions intervention was more effective than the TPB-only intervention. The effects remained significant at 3-month follow-up in the TPB plus implementation intentions intervention group only, although the effect size decreased. Conclusion. Overall, the study suggests that adding implementation intentions on top of TPB-based persuasive messages improves effectiveness and sustainability of desirable changes.
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Elkjaer, Bente, and Niels Christian Mossfeldt Nickelsen. "Intervention as workplace learning." Journal of Workplace Learning 28, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-09-2015-0064.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how workplace interventions may benefit from a simultaneous focus on individuals’ learning and knowledge and on the situatedness of workplaces in the wider world of changing professional knowledge regimes. This is illustrated by the demand for evidence-based practice in health care. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a case study in a public post-natal ward in a hospital in Denmark in which one of the authors acted as both a consultant initiating and leading interventions and a researcher using ethnographic methods. The guiding question was: How to incorporate the dynamics of the workplace when doing intervention in professionals’ work and learning? Findings The findings of the paper show how workplace interventions consist of heterogeneous alliances between politics, discourse and technologies rather than something that can be traced back to a single plan or agency. Furthermore, the paper proposes, a road down the middle, made up by both an intentional and a performative model for intervention. Originality/value Intervention in workplaces is often directed towards changing humans, their behaviour, their ways of communicating and their attitudes. This is often furthered through reflection, making the success of intervention depend on individuals’ abilities to learn and change. In this paper, it is shown how intervention may benefit from bringing in workplace issues like different professional knowledge regimes, hierarchical structures, materiality, politics and power.
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Roland, Damian. "Proposal of a linear rather than hierarchical evaluation of educational initiatives: the 7Is framework." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 12 (June 24, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.35.

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Extensive resources are expended attempting to change clinical practice; however, determining the effects of these interventions can be challenging. Traditionally, frameworks to examine the impact of educational interventions have been hierarchical in their approach. In this article, existing frameworks to examine medical education initiatives are reviewed and a novel ‘7Is framework’ discussed. This framework contains seven linearly sequenced domains: interaction, interface, instruction, ideation, integration, implementation, and improvement. The 7Is framework enables the conceptualization of the various effects of an intervention, promoting the development of a set of valid and specific outcome measures, ultimately leading to more robust evaluation.
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Withey, Kristin L. "Interventions for Young Children With and at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders." Intervention in School and Clinic 53, no. 3 (June 11, 2017): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053451217702110.

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Social-emotional and behavioral skills are essential to school and life success. Some young children, though, demonstrate significant delays in these areas. While there is a current hierarchical model of behavioral interventions for young children, it is lacking explicit interventions to be implemented in the early childhood classroom. This column suggests an intervention continuum to be used that extends beyond the current model, providing a matrix that aligns social-emotional or behavioral skills with specific interventions shown to be effective for students who fall under other disability labels.
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Burkhalter, Marcel, and Bryan T. Adey. "Modelling the Complex Relationship between Interventions, Interventions Costs and the Service Provided When Evaluating Intervention Programs on Railway Infrastructure Networks." Infrastructures 5, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5120113.

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Determining the interventions, e.g., maintenance, renewal, improvement and extension, to be included in an infrastructure program requires the consideration of the asset, intervention, traffic, and network characteristics. This, in turn, requires the development of an appropriate system model enabling the construction of straightforward optimisation models. Although there are already a considerable number of such system models in the literature, improved modelling of the complex relationships between interventions, intervention costs and the service provided by the infrastructure network is possible—especially in the trade-off between the accuracy of considering the complex relationships and the simplicity of the mathematical formulation. This paper explains how to build system models for railway infrastructure networks that capture the complex relationships in a system model that can then be used to construct mixed integer linear optimisation models. The proposed type of system model includes how both intervention costs and impacts on service vary as a function of the type, time and location of the interventions included in intervention programs. The system models of this type consist of a graph that is used to model the relationship between the interventions and intervention costs on the asset level, and the relationship between the interventions and the service provided on the network level. The algorithm uses systematic intervention classification and a hierarchical network state structure to build the system model. For illustration purposes, a system model for a railway network consisting of five track segments, seven switches, a bridge, a tunnel and the power supply system is developed using the algorithm.
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Gamero, Nuria, Baltasar González-Anta, Virginia Orengo, Ana Zornoza, and Vicente Peñarroja. "Is Team Emotional Composition Essential for Virtual Team Members’ Well-Being? The Role of a Team Emotional Management Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094544.

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The aim of this study was twofold. First, we examined the relationship between virtual teams’ emotional intelligence composition and three indicators of their members’ well-being, members’ satisfaction with the team, and positive and negative affective states. Second, we analyzed the moderator role of an online team emotional management intervention in the effects of the team emotional intelligence composition. One hundred and two virtual teams participated in an experimental study with repeated measures. Teams were randomly assigned to either an intervention designed to help them detect and manage emotions during virtual teamwork or a control condition (with no intervention). We followed a hierarchical data strategy and examined a number of nested models using Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Our findings showed that virtual teams’ emotional intelligence composition is a key driver of the team members’ well-being, and that a team emotional management intervention moderated the impact of the team composition of emotional intelligence, buffering its influence.
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Arjas, Elja, and Liping Liu. "Assessing the Losses Caused by an Industrial Intervention: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach." Applied Statistics 44, no. 3 (1995): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2986042.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hierarchical Intervention"

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Schultz, Sheila R. "Socioemotional Development of Low-Income Children in the Public School Intervention Program." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27338.

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The current study used data gathered as part of the Head Start/Public School Transition Project (Virginia Site), and included only data on the children who were part of Cohort II (i.e., enrolled in kindergarten in 1993). This database was examined to determine how select child and family characteristics uniquely contributed to parents' and teachers' ratings of the children's social skills and problem behaviors. A series of exploratory factor analyses (EFA), using principal components extraction and varimax rotation, were conducted to identify from the available database underlying constructs associated with the children's development of social skills and problem behaviors. Results of the EFA were used to construct predictor and dependent variables. Separate univariate models were established at four time points and hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the unique contributions of the various predictors of parent and teacher ratings of children's social skills and problem behaviors. Of the demographic variables examined, the unique contribution of Hispanic ethnicity to parents' ratings of the children's social skills and problem behaviors was significant at all time points. Other predictors that were significant and uniquely contributed the most to parents' ratings of the children's social skills included the family's routine (beginning of kindergarten), parenting style (end of kindergarten), and attitudes about the neighborhood (end of first grade). Parents' attitudes about the behavior of children in the school was a significant predictor of parents' ratings of the children's problem behaviors. None of the predictors contributed significantly to the teacher's ratings of the children's social skills or problem behaviors.
Ph. D.
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Mills, Maura Josephine. "Rethinking the hedonic treadmill within the context of Broaden and Build theory : developing resources through positive employees." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3876.

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Boerio, Gregory Victor. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Play as an Intervention to Support Language Development in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Hierarchically-Modeled Meta-Analysis." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1619538259567653.

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Zeglin, Robert J. "A Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model of Condom Use among Latino MSM| Constructs for HIV Counseling Interventions." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739955.

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There are approximately 1.2 million people in the United Stated living with HIV/AIDS. At the end of 2012, 75.3% of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were males, with the majority of those being men who have sex with men. The rate of new HIV diagnoses among males is more than four times greater than the rate among females. Of new HIV diagnoses in 2013, approximately 67% were among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino individuals. Though the total number of Black males living with HIV is notably higher, a greater proportion of Latino men are infected through sexual activity with other men. Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) is the riskiest sexual activity for contracting HIV. The present study utilized hierarchical generalized linear modeling, with secondary data, to assess the multi-level effects of Latino cultural sexual beliefs regarding condom use across sexual encounters. Results suggest that Latino male sexual beliefs associated with sexual acquiescence moderated the influence of arousal on the likelihood of unprotected insertive anal intercourse and moderated the influence of relationship closeness on the likelihood of unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI). The study findings suggest that beliefs associated with sexual acquiescence also had a direct effect on the likelihood of URAI. The application of the study findings for counseling professionals include: 1) the proposed creation of an HIV-prevention counseling intervention that prioritizes the holistic sexuality of clients and 2) judiciously incorporating sexuality coursework in the formal training of counselors.

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Holmes, Florence O. "ACCEPTABILITY OF INTERVENTIONS OF STAFF IN SHORT TERM CARE SETTING FOR CHILDREN WITH BEHAVIORAL HEALTH ISSUES COMPARING RATING AND HIERARCHICAL SELECTION." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1701.

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Florence O. Holmes, for the Masters Of Science Degree in Behavioral Analysis and Therapy, presented on July, 2015, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: ACCEPTABILITY OF INTERVENTIONS OF STAFF IN SHORT TERM CARE SETTING FOR CHILDREN WITH BEHAVIORAL HEALTH ISSUES COMPARING RATING AND HIERARCHICAL SELECTION MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Mark Dixon, Ph.D. The present study asked twenty active treatment team members, in a children’s behavioral health hospital in Springfield, IL to answer a pen and paper survey. This study extended research on treatment acceptability by replicating, Baker and LeBlanc (2011), who compared ratings and hierarchical selections in a long term care facility with older adults. Specifically, participants were given the opportunity to rate treatments using a treatment acceptability survey, and were then given a choice (i.e., asked to select which they would be most comfortable implementing) between various treatment options with using a variety of scenarios and choices. In this study it was interesting to find that though an individual selected a treatment as being a good treatment, when asked what they would feel comfortable using in a pinch did not always match what they related as being acceptable. In comparison the results of Baker and LeBlanc are very similar to the current study. In contrast, the rating for the behavioral intervention was higher in the present study and was also selected much more than in Baker and LeBlanc. Baker and LeBlanc reported statistically significant correlations between selections and ratings. Although this study did not recruit enough participants to allow for a statistical analysis, 50% of the participants in this study had a match for what they rated the highest compared to what they selected the most.
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Schaper, Andrew. "Informative Prior Distributions in Multilevel/Hierarchical Linear Growth Models: Demonstrating the Use of Bayesian Updating for Fixed Effects." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18366.

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This study demonstrates a fully Bayesian approach to multilevel/hierarchical linear growth modeling using freely available software. Further, the study incorporates informative prior distributions for fixed effect estimates using an objective approach. The objective approach uses previous sample results to form prior distributions included in subsequent samples analyses, a process referred to as Bayesian updating. Further, a method for model checking is outlined based on fit indices including information criteria (i.e., Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and deviance information criterion) and approximate Bayes factor calculations. For this demonstration, five distinct samples of schools in the process of implementing School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) collected from 2008 to 2013 were used with the unit of analysis being the school. First, the within-year SWPBIS fidelity growth was modeled as a function of time measured in months from initial measurement occasion. Uninformative priors were used to estimate growth parameters for the 2008-09 sample, and both uninformative and informative priors based on previous years' samples were used to model data from the 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 samples. Bayesian estimates were also compared to maximum likelihood (ML) estimates, and reliability information is provided. Second, an additional three examples demonstrated how to include predictors into the growth model with demonstrations for: (a) the inclusion of one school-level predictor (years implementing) of SWPBIS fidelity growth, (b) several school-level predictors (relative socio-economic status, size, and geographic location), and (c) school and district predictors (sustainability factors hypothesized to be related to implementation processes) in a three-level growth model. Interestingly, Bayesian models estimated with informative prior distributions in all cases resulted in more optimal fit indices than models estimated with uninformative prior distributions.
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Danko, Kristin Julianna. "Methods for Optimizing Evidence Syntheses of Complex Interventions: Case Study of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diabetes Quality Improvement Trials." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38225.

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Healthcare decision-makers need high quality evidence to inform policy and practice decisions. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including meta- analyses of study effects, are considered one of the highest forms of evidence to inform such decisions. Most applications of systematic reviews and meta-analyses are based on a standardized cannon of methods that seek to collect, abstract, assess, and synthesize evidence from primary studies to produce a comprehensive and unbiased summary of the evidence. While useful, standard synthesis methods tend to assume simple data structures (e.g., two-arm comparison of a single intervention vs. a similar control evaluated in a parallel individual randomized design) and some practices (e.g., author contact) may not always be supported by empirical evidence. Complex interventions are of increasing focus in healthcare and public health and pose challenges to the standard methods of systematic review and meta-analysis. While different definitions of complex interventions have been proposed, most definitions assume: i) multiple intervention ‘components’ that may or may not interact with each other to increase or decrease observed intervention effects and ii) effect modification by study-specific characteristics (e.g., healthcare setting, patient population). At least three challenges may result from this complexity. First, reviewers will likely have to contact authors for additional information about intervention components and contextual factors that may operate as effect modifiers. Unfortunately, evidence supporting optimal strategies for achieving response from author contact is lacking. Second, complex interventions are often evaluated using a cluster randomized trial (CRT) design that randomize units of patients to different healthcare/health policy interventions. Analyses from CRTs that are not adjusted for the clustering effect are said to have unit of analysis errors, which if incorporated in meta-analyses could lead to biased summary estimates and overly precise confidence intervals (CIs). Methods for reviewers to appropriately appraise abstract evidence from CRTs are limited. Thirdly, standard meta-analyses estimate an overall effect of a singular ‘complex intervention’. Such analyses answer the question “Do complex interventions as a whole lead to a difference in observed outcomes?” and tend to exhibit high statistical heterogeneity since variation in intervention components and effect modifiers are not accounted for. Hierarchical multivariate meta-regression models have been proposed as an alternative synthesis approach for complex interventions to better account for observed heterogeneity and answer the question decision-makers are really interested in; that is “What component(s) (or combination of components) work and under what conditions?”. Hierarchical multivariate meta-regression models however have yet to be applied in the review of complex healthcare interventions. The overall aim of my doctoral research was to explore the utility of three methodological approaches to address these challenges and optimize the synthesis of complex interventions using a large systematic review of diabetes quality improvement interventions as a case study. The first objective of this thesis was to do an RCT evaluation of the effect of telephone call versus repeated email contact of non-responding authors for additional study information on response rates and research costs. We found authors contacted by telephone call were more likely to complete requests for additional information (response rate 36.7% vs. 20.2%; adjusted odds ratio 2.26 [95% CI 1.10-4.76]) but the intervention took more time to deliver in total (20 vs. 10 hours over several months vs. one month) and was more expensive overall (approximately $505 vs. $253). The second objective of this thesis was to better account for evidence from CRTs and involved a descriptive study and a methodological study. The descriptive study described the proportion of studies with unit of analysis errors and the nature of the error (inappropriate analysis versus unclear or incomplete reporting). The methodological study investigated the utility of building a database of intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) and use of an ICC posterior predictive distribution model to correct unit of analysis errors identified in the descriptive study. We found that although trials often adjusted for the cluster effect (67% across outcomes; range 25%-81%), most did not report enough information to extract adjusted effect estimates required for meta-analysis (an average of 77% of studies with remaining unit of analysis errors across outcomes; range 42%-100%). We were able to construct a posterior predictive distribution of the ICC for most outcomes in our review using estimates of the ICC obtained from the descriptive study combined with external estimates and use these distributions to impute missing ICCs to correct unit of analysis errors. Finally, the third objective of this thesis was to illustrate the use of hierarchical multivariate meta-regression for quantitative synthesis when estimating the effects of complex interventions and exploring effect heterogeneity. Using an arm-based analysis of post-treatment means of one continuous outcome, we demonstrated that hierarchical multivariate meta-regression models can be used to estimate a ‘response surface’ that accounts for complex intervention multiple components and study characteristics, and these models can be used to infer estimates of component effects, interactions among components, and effect modification by study covariates. Collectively the results from this thesis suggest three methodological approaches (contacting authors by telephone, imputing missing ICCs using a predictive distribution, estimating complex intervention effects using a hierarchical multivariate meta-regression) can be used to optimize the processes of synthesizing complex interventions. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact of additional study-covariates on explaining residual heterogeneity and testing these methods in other reviews of complex interventions.
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WANG, AUDREY, and 王美懿. "Hierarchical Linear Relationship among Culture and Creative Intervention, Ecotourism and Conservation of Street Cat : The Case of Hou-tong Cat Village." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4yxsck.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
文化創意產業經營學系
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From the Culture and Creative Industry perspective, this research studies on the effects of Culture and Creature Intervention into the commercial space on the changes in business earnings of stores in Hou-tong cat village and in the attitudes of its businessmen on cat conservation. Based on the previous studies on culture and creative intervention, especially on their hard and software products related to the following four areas (innovation , history and culture, local features and value implications), we first specify different degrees of possible creative intervention among Hou-tong businessmen, then look into their extent of street cat conservation as well as into their effects on the efficiency of ecotourism and of the street cat conservation, by applying the Hierarchical Linear Relationship model. To know more, we also take into account the differences in the street cat TNR, their breedings, pertaining aids and contributions, and inputs of local business stores.The main findings in the research are as follows : 50% of business stores in Hou-tong cat village show some kinds of culture and creative intervention, the ecotourism has a limited contribution toward the efficiency of local economy, thus having limited help to the protection and conservation of local cats, and those stores which have invested a larger proportion of their resources toward cat conservation are key contributors to the local conservation program. And, the culture and creative intervention activities in Hou-tong cat village have positive contribution toward its cat conservation and the creation of economic values.Finally, it is recommended that we should not only pay attention to the symbolic implications and beautification of our cultural products, but also to the co-existence and co-prosperity of our local economy and environment.
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"May the Choice Be with You? The Effects and Perceptions of Choice on Writing for College Students." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.50575.

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abstract: An explanatory sequence mixed methods design was used to examine the effects of choice on the writing performance and motivation of college students (n = 242). The randomized control trial was followed by semi-structured interviews to determine the perceptions students (n = 20) held on the experiment as well the importance of choosing writing topics in college writing assignments. The effects of choice were tested as part of a real writing assignment that was included in nine sections of an introductory special education course. Results from hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses found choice had a statistically significant negative effect on holistic writing quality, number of words written, and intrinsic writing motivation. Findings from the semi-structured interviews provided context for understanding the unexpected quantitative results.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Learning, Literacies and Technologies 2018
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Chan, Jeanie. "A Learning-based Control Architecture for Socially Assistive Robots Providing Cognitive Interventions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30536.

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Due to the world’s rapidly growing elderly population, dementia is becoming increasingly prevalent. This poses considerable health, social, and economic concerns as it impacts individuals, families and healthcare systems. Current research has shown that cognitive interventions may slow the decline of or improve brain functioning in older adults. This research investigates the use of intelligent socially assistive robots to engage individuals in person-centered cognitively stimulating activities. Specifically, in this thesis, a novel learning-based control architecture is developed to enable socially assistive robots to act as social motivators during an activity. A hierarchical reinforcement learning approach is used in the architecture so that the robot can learn appropriate assistive behaviours based on activity structure and personalize an interaction based on the individual’s behaviour and user state. Experiments show that the control architecture is effective in determining the robot’s optimal assistive behaviours for a memory game interaction and a meal assistance scenario.
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Books on the topic "Hierarchical Intervention"

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Martin, Daniel, and Yotam Heineberg. Social Dominance and Leadership. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.35.

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Leadership is usually a mandatory component of business education. Here we used the model of transformational leadership, and operationalized leadership consistently with the Values in Action Leadership scale. Social dominance orientation is a hierarchical belief-system that attributes social rank, ranging from high to low. Business students have been found to have higher levels of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO. Accordingly, 371 working business students were sampled to establish the relationship between SDO and transformational leadership capacity. The mediational impact of compassion was assessed. This study found high levels of competitive and hierarchical world conceptualization was significantly and sometimes strongly negatively linked to these constructs (Martin et al., 2014). We also discuss preliminary results of an interpersonal compassion-based intervention. The research suggests the opportunity to broaden psychological well-being of employees with impactful interventions, since negative behaviors within an institution can raise healthcare costs and lower job performance.
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Lamptey, Jerusha Tanner. Bearers of the Words. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653378.003.0005.

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This chapter examines extant theological views of Prophet Muhammad as an exemplar, noting tensions between humanization and idealization, and introducing Islamic feminist interventions related to exemplariness, prophethood, and emulation. It then engages Christian feminist perspectives on Mary and Mariology from Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, Elina Vuola, and Marcella Althaus-Reid. These theologians explore the way gender, ideal representations, and power are present in Mariology and Marian dogmas and practices. The chapter returns to Muslima theology and outlines ways to re-envision the “beautiful example” of Prophet Muhammad in light of discussions of gender, power, and a hierarchical status quo.
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Argenti, Nicolas, and Deborah Durham. Youth. Edited by John Parker and Richard Reid. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572472.013.0021.

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Youth was originally theorized by ethnographers of colonial Africa in functionalist terms that saw each age grade as an integral part of a social system that reproduced itself intact with every new generation. Theories developed in the 1960s began to account for social strife and tensions between youth and elders in hierarchical, gerontocratic social systems, but still saw initiation and other rites as resolving tensions and restoring the status quo. With the advent of the Marxist turn in the 1970s and renewed interest in youth and politics from the 1990s, ethnographies of youth in Africa have made two important new interventions: they have theorized youth not as a biological given, but as a social construct or discourse uncoupled from age, and they have highlighted not the integration of youth in society, but the tensions and instabilities at the heart of the power relations that social constructs of youth denote.
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Bai, Tongdong. Against Political Equality. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691195995.001.0001.

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This book argues that domestic governance influenced by Confucianism can embrace the liberal aspects of democracy along with the democratic ideas of equal opportunities and governmental accountability to the people. But Confucianism would give more political decision-making power to those with the moral, practical, and intellectual capabilities of caring for the people. While most democratic thinkers still focus on strengthening equality to cure the ills of democracy, the proposed hybrid regime—made up of Confucian-inspired meritocratic characteristics combined with democratic elements and a quasi-liberal system of laws and rights—recognizes that egalitarian qualities sometimes conflict with good governance and the protection of liberties, and defends liberal aspects by restricting democratic ones. The author applies his view to the international realm by supporting a hierarchical order based on how humane each state is toward its own and other peoples, and on the principle of international interventions whereby humane responsibilities override sovereignty. The book presents a novel Confucian-engendered alternative for solving today’s political problems.
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Graf, Sinja. The Humanity of Universal Crime. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197535707.001.0001.

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The international crime of “crimes against humanity” has become integral to contemporary political and legal discourse. However, the conceptual core of the term—an act offending against all of mankind—runs deep in the history of international political thought. In an original excavation of this history, The Humanity of Universal Crime examines theoretical mobilizations of the idea of “universal crime” in colonial and post-colonial contexts. The book demonstrates the overlooked centrality of humanity and criminality to political liberalism’s historical engagement with world politics, thereby breaking with the exhaustively studied status of individual rights in liberal thought. It is argued that invocations of universal crime project humanity as a normatively integrated yet minimally inclusive and hierarchically structured subject. Such visions of humanity have in turn underwritten justifications of foreign rule and outsider intervention based on claims to an injury universally suffered by all mankind. The study foregrounds the political productivity of the notion of universal crime that entails distinct figures, relationships, and forms of authority and agency. The book traces this argument through European political theorists’ deployments of universal crime in assessing the legitimacy of colonial rule and foreign intervention in non-European societies. Analyzing John Locke’s notion of universal crime in the context of English colonialism, the concept’s retooled circulation during the nineteenth century, and contemporary cosmopolitanism’s reliance on crimes against humanity, it identifies an “inclusionary Eurocentrism” that subtends the authorizing and coercive dimensions of universal crime. Unlike much-studied “exclusionary Eurocentrist” thinking, “inclusionary Eurocentrist” arguments have historically extended an unequal, repressive “recognition via liability” to non-European peoples.
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Barrett, Christopher B., and Erin C. Lentz. Food Insecurity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.438.

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Food plays an essential role in performance and well-being. Apart from its physiological necessity, food is also a source of pleasure. Since both biological needs for food and psychic satisfaction from food vary considerably among and within populations, coming up with precise, operationalizable measures of food security have proved problematic. Furthermore, the concept of food security encompasses not only current nutritional status but also vulnerability to future disruptions in one’s access to adequate and appropriate food. The complexity of the concept of food security has given rise to scores, if not hundreds, of different definitions of the term “food security.” As a result, there have also been variations in thinking about the proximate manifestations and direct and indirect causes and consequences of “food insecurity,” the complement to “food security.” Food security is commonly conceptualized as resting on three pillars that are inherently hierarchical: availability, access, and utilization. Some agencies, such as the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), have added a fourth dimension: stability. Food insecurity is often used interchangeably with the terms “hunger,” “undernutrition,” and “malnutrition.” Threats to food insecurity may be classified as either “covariate” or “idiosyncratic.” Based on these threats, various interventions have been implemented to promote food security by means of increasing availability (improving agricultural productivity), promoting access (economic growth and assistance programs such as food stamps or vouchers, food aid delivery, food banks, school lunch programs), or improving utilization (supplementary feeding programs, therapeutic feeding programs).
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Book chapters on the topic "Hierarchical Intervention"

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Bhatia, Kanwal K., Anil Rao, Anthony N. Price, Robin Wolz, Jo Hajnal, and Daniel Rueckert. "Hierarchical Manifold Learning." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2012, 512–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33415-3_63.

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Lyu, Ilwoo, Martin A. Styner, and Bennett A. Landman. "Hierarchical Spherical Deformation for Shape Correspondence." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2018, 853–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00928-1_96.

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Wu, Guorong, Qian Wang, Hongjun Jia, and Dinggang Shen. "Groupwise Registration by Hierarchical Anatomical Correspondence Detection." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2010, 684–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15745-5_84.

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Wu, Zheng, Danna Gurari, Joyce Y. Wong, and Margrit Betke. "Hierarchical Partial Matching and Segmentation of Interacting Cells." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2012, 389–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33415-3_48.

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Zhou, Sihang, Dong Nie, Ehsan Adeli, Yaozong Gao, Li Wang, Jianping Yin, and Dinggang Shen. "Fine-Grained Segmentation Using Hierarchical Dilated Neural Networks." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2018, 488–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00937-3_56.

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Siless, Viviana, Ken Chang, Bruce Fischl, and Anastasia Yendiki. "Hierarchical Clustering of Tractography Streamlines Based on Anatomical Similarity." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2016, 184–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46720-7_22.

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Cerrolaza, Juan J., Noemí Carranza Herrezuelo, Arantxa Villanueva, Rafael Cabeza, Miguel Angel González Ballester, and Marius George Linguraru. "Multiresolution Hierarchical Shape Models in 3D Subcortical Brain Structures." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2013, 641–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40763-5_79.

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Zhan, Yiqiang, Maneesh Dewan, and Xiang Sean Zhou. "Cross Modality Deformable Segmentation Using Hierarchical Clustering and Learning." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2009, 1033–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04271-3_125.

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Cerrolaza, Juan J., Arantxa Villanueva, Mauricio Reyes, Rafael Cabeza, Miguel Angel González Ballester, and Marius George Linguraru. "Generalized Multiresolution Hierarchical Shape Models via Automatic Landmark Clusterization." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2014, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10443-0_1.

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Rahimi, Azar, Jingjia Xu, and Linwei Wang. "Hierarchical Multiple-Model Bayesian Approach to Transmural Electrophysiological Imaging." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2014, 538–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10470-6_67.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hierarchical Intervention"

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Lan, Meng, Yipeng Zhang, Qinning Xu, and Lefei Zhang. "E3SN: Efficient End-to-End Siamese Network for Video Object Segmentation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/98.

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In the semi-supervised video object segmentation (VOS) field, SiamMask has achieved competitive accuracy and the fastest running speed. However, the two-stage training procedure requires additional manual intervention, and using only single-level features does not maximize the rich hierarchical feature information. This paper proposes an efficient end-to-end Siamese network for VOS. In particular, a supervised sampling strategy is designed to optimize the training procedure. Such an optimization facilitates the training of the entire model in an end-to-end manner. Moreover, a multilevel feature aggregation module is developed to enhance feature representability and improve segmentation accuracy. Experimental results on DAVIS2016 and DAVIS2017 datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the SiamMask in accuracy with similar FPS. Moreover, this approach also achieves good accuracy-speed trade-off compared with that of other state-of-the-art VOS algorithms.
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Sultana, Sharmin, Adam Robinson, Daniel Y. Song, and Junghoon Lee. "CNN-based hierarchical coarse-to-fine segmentation of pelvic CT images for prostate cancer radiotherapy." In Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, edited by Baowei Fei and Cristian A. Linte. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2549979.

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Wang, Jue, Longze Li, Chen Hu, and Wang Cong. "Extended Ultimate Response Measures for Offshore Nuclear Power Plant Under Barge-Reactor Coupled Conditions." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81159.

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Compared with the land-based nuclear power plant, the operating conditions of offshore nuclear power plant (ONPP) are much more complicated. For example, the barge-mounted platform malfunction, which is as important as the natural events and human events, should be considered in the plant safety analysis,. As a result, a two dimension operating condition coupled with barge and reactor status should be considered in the development of relevant power plant operating procedures. On the other hand, the beyond design basis hazards induced by the combination of unique and unanticipated external events of ONPP may lead to a blind area to both traditional and two dimension procedures mentioned above. Due to the insufficiency of existing operating condition and relevant procedures to tackle with the above events mentioned, an expanded operation strategy, namely the beyond design basis hazards and the extended ultimate response measures, is developed, Injecting sea water into reactor pressure vessel directly after primary system depressurized and venting the containment when necessary, formed the basis of ultimate response measure, which was proposed by Taiwan Power Company after Fukushima Accident. Considering the offshore and barge-mounted features, the ultimate response measure can be extended to include sea water injection into steam generator indirectly through secondary side passive residual heat removal lines and reactor cabin flooding by sea water through Kingston valves, to rebuild a newly, hierarchical one. Finally, the extended ultimate response measures, provided mainly for the plant command staff and operators, are analyzed utilizing thermal-hydraulic integral computer code preliminarily, to prove the effectiveness of the system configuration and operating strategy. It is concluded that injecting sea water into steam generator can remove the decay heat effectively, and the sensitivity study shows that operator intervention is good enough in accident mitigation.
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Pettinati, Michael J., and Ronald C. Arkin. "Identifying Opportunities for Relationship-Focused Robotic Interventions in Strained Hierarchical Relationships*." In 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros40897.2019.8967603.

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Cavalli, Jessica, and Anita Cservenka. "Emotion Dysregulation Moderates the Association Between Stress and Problematic Marijuana Use." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.8.

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Objective. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in the United States and in 2018 alone, an estimated 40.3 million adults reported using marijuana in the past year. This is concerning since growing research suggests that marijuana use is associated with adverse health and life outcomes, such as mental health issues, and cognitive impairment. Thus, determining factors that influence marijuana use-related problems is critical for understanding how to effectively implement prevention, intervention, and treatment efforts. Because research has proposed that emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic risk factor for substance use and addiction, the investigation of emotion regulation capabilities in marijuana users is warranted. Furthermore, since prior studies suggest that stress may lead to greater marijuana use-related problems, additional research into how emotion dysregulation may affect these relationships is needed. Thus, the current study examines how emotion dysregulation moderates the association between stress and problematic marijuana use in adults through an online survey. Methods. 852 adults reporting any lifetime marijuana use completed an online survey through Qualtrics. Participants completed a brief demographic questionnaire and were asked to report their past 30-day use of marijuana, alcohol, nicotine, and illicit substances. To assess past month problematic marijuana use, participants completed the Marijuana Problem Scale (MPS). To assess emotion dysregulation, participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory (H-RLSI) to assess past month perceived stress and past year stressful life events, respectively. We investigated the association between scores on the DERS, PSS, and H-RLSI with scores on the MPS. Additionally, we conducted hierarchical multiple linear regression models to test whether emotion dysregulation, stress, and their interaction predicted problematic marijuana use. Results. Scores on the DERS (r = .53, p < .001), PSS (r = .13, p < .001), and H-RLSI (r = .32, p < .001) were significantly correlated with scores on the MPS. Additionally, emotion dysregulation (B = .32, p < .001), stressful life events (B = .21, p < .001), and their interaction (B = .07, p = .003) were significant predictors of problematic marijuana use. Finally, emotion dysregulation (B = .44, p < .001), perceived stress (B = -.18, p < .001), and their interaction (B = -.06, p = .04) were significant predictors of problematic marijuana use. Conclusion. These findings indicate that when examined separately, greater emotion dysregulation, experiencing more stressful life events in the past year, and experiencing more perceived stress in the past month were associated with greater problematic marijuana use in the past month. However, when examining the moderating role of emotion dysregulation, more stressful life events and less perceived stress predicted greater problematic marijuana use, and these associations were stronger at higher levels of emotion dysregulation. Overall, these results suggest that emotion dysregulation and greater stress may be risk factors for developing problematic marijuana use, and could be possible targets for prevention, intervention, and treatment efforts.
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Lazarus, Gershom T., and Christine L. Ginalis. "Applying principles of Luria’s theory to the fetal stage and integration of psycho-physiological mechanisms to optimize adaptive behavior." In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.4.

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Luria proposed that the brain is organized hierarchically and according to functional units. The functional units provide a basis of integrated experience and behavior that becomes fractionated in various psychological and behavioral disorders. Emerging research suggests that the fundamental organization of brain networks and functional connections are established in utero during the second and third trimesters of fetal development. This paper discusses the value of studying emerging fetal organization within the framework of Luria’s theory. In addition, it will expand Luria’s theory in emphasizing the integration of physiological and psychological mechanisms across the life.span, with the aim of developing more individualized assessment and intervention tools.
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Isaacs, Jason, Sean MacKinnon, Kayla Joyce, and Sherry Stewart. "Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30.

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BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannabis is unlikely to provide standalone benefits when daily self-monitoring is used in clinical practice. It is relevant to note that our study involved a non-help-seeking sample, and future research could benefit from determining whether cannabis reactivity may be moderated by help-seeking behaviours or motivations to change.
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Amin, Latif. "Difficulties in issuing the constitution of the Kurdistan Region." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp181-190.

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The Constitution is the basic law and from it all authorities derive their powers and the legitimacy of their actions, through which the form of the state, its government, its system of governance, the nature of authorities, their competencies, the relations between them, and their limits are determined, in addition to determining the rights of citizens: individuals and groups, and ensuring the performance of these rights for them. It is the right of any region or state in the federal state to have a constitution, and in the Kurdistan region it was possible to establish a constitution for the region since 1992 after the issuance of the federal statement by the Parliament of Kurdistan, which decided to define the right of the Kurds to disobey as a formula for peaceful coexistence in federalism, but this was not done, Since the issuance of the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 and its entry into force in 2006 and its recognition of the Kurdistan Region as a region within federal Iraq, the region should have drawn up its constitution based on the provisions of Article 120 of the Constitution. Undoubtedly, there are several internal and regional reasons and obstacles that stand in the way of the enactment of the constitution in the most valuable of them - There is no single supreme authority in the region, but there are two authorities, one in Erbil and the other in Sulaymaniyah, both of whom consider themselves equal to the other The regional impact represented by the interventions of the two neighboring countries, Iran and TurkeThe absence of the mentality of the statesmen, but the mentality of the men of power and the party, and looking at the constitution from a narrow hierarchical perspective. In order for the region to have a good constitution, these obstacles must be removedy
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Reports on the topic "Hierarchical Intervention"

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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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