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Journal articles on the topic 'High-alumina refractory materials'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kadyrova, Z. R., R. Kh Pirmatov, and A. A. Eminov. "Perspective raw materials of Uzbekistan for the production of refractory materials." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 7 (October 29, 2019): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-7-8-11.

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The results of studies of promising raw material resources of Uzbekistan (enriched kaolins, bauxite-like rock, highalumina waste from the gas processing industry) to obtain high-alumina aggregates are presented. It is established that these raw materials in terms of their physico-chemical indicators meet the requirements for aluminosilicate and high-alumina materials used in metallurgical units. Ref. 13. Tab. 3.

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2

Zaldat, G. I., and E. V. Zalizovskii. "High-alumina cement for refractory concretes." Refractories 27, no. 7-8 (July 1986): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01389514.

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3

Luz, A. P., A. H. G. Gabriel, L. B. Consoni, C. G. Aneziris, and V. C. Pandolfelli. "Self-reinforced high-alumina refractory castables." Ceramics International 44, no. 2 (February 2018): 2364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.205.

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4

Terzic, A., Lj Pavlovic, and A. Milutinovic-Nikolic. "Influence of the phase composition of refractory materials on creep." Science of Sintering 38, no. 3 (2006): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0603255t.

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In this paper, the relationship between the creeping effect and mineralogical characteristics of the applied binding phase for various refractory materials (high-alumina materials, with high or low impurity content, tar bonded either magnesite or dolomite materials and silicate bonded chrom-magnesite materials) is presented. The mechanism of creeping is analyzed and the activation energy for creep for each investigated material is obtained and discussed. All investigated materials are creep sensitive under investigated conditions and have similar activation energies for creep except high-alumina refractories with a low impurity content.

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5

Singh, V. K. "High-alumina refractory castables with calcium aluminate binder." Journal of Materials Science Letters 8, no. 4 (April 1989): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00720694.

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6

Kascheev, I. D., and K. G. Zemlyanoi. "Possibility of obtaining high-alumina materials from industrial wastes of ceramic and refractory industry (Review)." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES) 1, no. 5 (October 27, 2019): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-5-83-89.

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The issues of obtaining aluminum oxide from man-made materials, the issues of differences in the structure, composition and properties of alumina obtained by different technological methods and the issues of providing high-alumina materials to the domestic ceramic, electronic and refractory industries are reviewed.

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7

Kononov, V. A., and V. K. Sturman. "Current types of imported high-alumina raw materials for refractory production." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 38, no. 1 (January 1997): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02768232.

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8

Weidner, Anja, Yvonne Ranglack-Klemm, Tilo Zienert, Christos G. Aneziris, and Horst Biermann. "Mechanical High-Temperature Properties and Damage Behavior of Coarse-Grained Alumina Refractory Metal Composites." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233927.

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The present study provides the mechanical properties of a new generation of refractory composites based on coarse-grained Al2O3 ceramic and the refractory metals Nb and Ta. The materials were manufactured by refractory castable technology and subsequently sintered at 1600 °C for 4 h. The mechanical properties and the damage behavior of the coarse-grained refractory composites were investigated at high temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °C. The compressive strength is given as a function of temperature for materials with two different volume fractions of the refractory metals Ta and Nb. It is demonstrated that these refractory composites do not fail in a completely brittle manner in the studied temperature range. The compressive strength for all materials significantly decreases with increasing temperature. Failure occurred due to the formation of cracks along the ceramic/metal interfaces of the coarse-grained Al2O3 particles. In microstructural observations of sintered specimens, the formation of tantalates, as well as niobium oxides, were observed. The lower compressive strength of coarse-grained Nb-Al2O3 refractory composites compared to Ta-Al2O3 is probably attributed to the formation of niobium oxides. The formation of tantalates, however, seems to have no detrimental effect on compressive strength.

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9

Criado, E., J. S. Moya, and S. De Aza. "Alkalines vapour attack on a high alumina refractory." Ceramics International 11, no. 4 (October 1985): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(85)90198-1.

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10

Luz, A. P., S. J. S. Lopes, D. T. Gomes, and V. C. Pandolfelli. "High-alumina refractory castables bonded with novel alumina-silica-based powdered binders." Ceramics International 44, no. 8 (June 2018): 9159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.124.

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11

Nagorniy, A. O. "High alumina refractory concretes bonded with calcium aluminate phosphate binder." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (December 30, 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.08.

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For many industries, further progress is possible provided that more efficient refractories of new types are created. The refractory concretes bonded by calcium aluminate phosphate binders in comparison with conventional refractories continue to gain in popularity because of the following advantages: quick installation and low construction costs; reduced and simplified furnace maintenance; good thermal-shock resistance; monolithic (no joints); linings of the units done need not be cured to develop initial strength. The longevity of refractory is essentially increasing provided structure is forming under conditions of the service site. That is why developing of new refractory materials must be carried out by means of its structure design. These principles have been realizing in the refractory concretes technology under the limited conditions of refractory lining installation and industrial unit final heat up. The present paper identifies the phosphate phases responsible for developing mechanical-strength properties of high alumina concretes bonded with calcium aluminate phosphate binders. It sets out the colloid and crystalline phases resulted from interphase interaction that provides the basis for calcium aluminate phosphate binders (suspensions) useful to the refractory industry. The concretes obtained retain their volume integrity after 30 cycles of heating and cooling; can be used for refractory applications > 1700 °С; exhibit sufficient strength of lining 40 MPa.

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12

Babkina, L. A., L. N. Soloshenko, M. I. Prokopenko, V. L. Zinchenko, N. A. Stepanyuk, V. I. Éntin, N. M. Anzheurov, G. E. Karas', V. V. Ryabov, and V. V. Chuikov. "High-alumina mixture with an additive of refractory pyrophyllite." Refractories 37, no. 11 (November 1996): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02238708.

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13

Pavlova, Irina, Anna Getman, and Elena Farafontova. "The Way of Utilization of Fused Corundum Dust Waste for the High-Alumina Chamotte Production." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.100.

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High-alumina chamotte with an Al2O3 content of more than 62% is a desirable raw material to produce high-alumina refractories. The production of high-alumina aggregate (chamotte) is carried out in various ways, using plastic or semi-dry technology for briquetting from commercial alumina and refractory clay. When grinding fused corundum, the dust containing 93–95% Al2O3 is formed; it is currently a substandard material. It is of interest to involve this waste product in the production of high-alumina chamotte. The developed technology allows obtaining the desirable material and utilizing production waste. In this project the briquetting parameters to produce high-alumina chamotte using corundum waste and refractory enriched kaolin were determined.

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14

Parker, Jim, and Wayne Watson. "Analysis of Refractory Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010715.

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Silica-alumina refractory materials are used as insulation materials in high temperature applications. Such materials are amenable to x-ray analysis (1). Wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry is used in our laboratory for the analysis of a variety of refractory materials. An analysis procedure was needed for a quality control project that would provide major and minor element determinations in silica-alumina refractory materials. The requirements for the analysis scheme were relative accuracy and precision to be better than one percent. The method had to be rapid, simple to use, and inexpensive. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry and a borate fusion technique were chosen as the method of choice for this application. Described in this paper are the sample and standard preparation procedures, data reduction methods, and analytical results.

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15

Zhao, Jing Ming, Su Jeong Shin, Kyu Hong Hwang, Jong Kook Lee, and Dong Sik Bae. "Effect of Binders on the Properties of Chromia/Alumina Refractory Castables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1103.

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Refractory castable specimens were prepared using industrial white fused alumina as aggregates, chromium oxide green and ultrafine alumina powder as matrix materials, solid aluminum dihydrogen phosphate (Al(H2PO4)3) or liquid AlPO4 as binder materials. Effect of different binder additions on the propertiSubscript textes of high chromium oxide IGCC refractory castables, such as bulk density, apparent porosity, strength was evaluated and their microstructures were observed by SEM and mercury porosimetry.

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16

Gralik, G., A. L. Chinelattot, and A. S. A. Chinelatto. "Effect of different sources of alumina on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the triaxial porcelain." Cerâmica 60, no. 356 (December 2014): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132014000400004.

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Porcelains composed of kaolin-quartz-feldspar are called triaxial porcelains. The use of alumina as a substitute for quartz in porcelains has been developed for some time. The results show a significant improvement in their mechanical properties, but alumina has a high cost. The possibility of using alternative materials as a source of alumina with lower cost was investigated. In this work, alternative raw materials were used as a source of alumina: refractory bauxite, primary aluminum hydroxide, reprecipitated aluminum hydroxide. Compositions with commercial alumina and quartz were also formulated to better understand the effects of adding these alternative materials. The raw materials were milled, dried, and characterized by analysis of the particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence. The compositions were formulated by replacing the different sources of alumina in the formulation of porcelain. The compositions studied were shaped by pressing and sintered at different temperatures (1150-1400 ºC). The results showed that the use of bauxite and aluminum hydroxide as an alternative source of Al2O3 is viable. The impurities contained in refractory bauxite contributed to the lower values of flexural strength found in compositions having refractory bauxite as a source of alumina. The compositions with reprecipitated aluminum hydroxide showed a high mechanical resistance at low sintering temperatures, while compositions with aluminum hydroxide obtained by the Bayer process achieved good results of mechanical strength in a wide temperature range.

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17

Pinto, V. S., D. S. Fini, V. C. Miguel, V. C. Pandolfelli, M. H. Moreira, T. Venâncio, and A. P. Luz. "Fast drying of high-alumina MgO-bonded refractory castables." Ceramics International 46, no. 8 (June 2020): 11137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.134.

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18

Cao, Xin Xin, Jian Guo Liao, Xiao Fang He, Ling Li Zhu, Rui Na Wang, and Qian Ma. "Preparation of Refractory Castable for High-Temperature Zone of the Alumina Kiln." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1229.

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The cChromic shaped bricks have been used as the refractory lining in alumina kiln for long time, whose service life is about 120~250 days. Besides the short working time, the environmental pollution led to by the chromic component is also serious. In this thesispaper (thesis 是硕士论文), some materials are were chosen based on the actual situation of the usage of the refractory lining in the current alumina kiln. The choosing principals are were the extensive source and the relatively low price. Finally, a new formula of the refractory castable is was acquired based on the orthogonal test and has passed the properties testing.

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19

Zhang, Hui Fang, Hong Liang Huang, Li Fang Zhang, Ying Fei Sun, and Fei Zhao. "The Development of Free of Chrome of Basic Refractory Materials for Cement Kiln and its Applications in Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.91.

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This paper introduces the domestic and international evolution of refractory for cement rotary kiln and the situation of development for basic refractory. Also it introduces the usage and advantages and disadvantages of the high alumina brick, magnesia chrome brick, dolomite brick, magnesia spinel brick, magnesia zirconia brick. Refractory for cement kiln develops towards the direction of free of chromium, and it points out the development prospect of re-bonded magnesium zirconium refractory material .

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20

Pauliukevich, Yurij G., Olga Kizinievič, Yurij A. Klimash, Mikalai M. Hundzilovich, and Giedrius Girskas. "POROUS PERMEABLE HIGH-ALUMINA CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR MACRO- AND MICROFILTRATION." Engineering Structures and Technologies 7, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2015.1124028.

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Designed composition of ceramic mass for high-alumina porous permeable ceramic material for disperse micro hydro systems. The filler used alumina fraction 100–250 microns, as a binder system studied refractory clay Veselovskaya–medicalglass–gibbsite. Formation of material carried by dry pressing at a pressure 60 MPa, the temperature of synthesis was 1250–1350 °C, holding at the maximum temperature – 1 h. The processes occurring in the binder during sintering was investigated. The effect of the sintering temperature of the material, the amount of binder composition on the acid resistance, mechanical strength, porosity and permeability of open high-alumina permeable porous material was investigated. The structure and phase composition of the submissions received, the average pore diameter was 10 mm, it can be used for microfiltration of liquids and gases, the material is homogeneous at the macro level, the structure is represented by an extensive network of channels of pores. Phase composition is represented mainly corundum and mullite.

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21

Studart, A. R., V. C. Pandolfelli, E. Tervoort, and L. J. Gauckler. "Selection of dispersants for high-alumina zero-cement refractory castables." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23, no. 7 (June 2003): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00275-3.

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22

Studart, André R., Victor C. Pandolfelli, Elena Tervoort, and Ludwig J. Gauckler. "In Situ Coagulation of High-Alumina Zero-Cement Refractory Castables." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85, no. 8 (August 2002): 1947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00386.x.

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23

Babkina, L. A., M. I. Prokopenko, V. L. Zinchenko, N. A. Stepanyuk, V. V. Topchii, A. D. Gorbunov, and L. N. Alekhina. "Technology for high-alumina mortar in the Belokamensk Refractory Plant." Refractories 37, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02230460.

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24

Correcher, V., J. Garcia-Guinea, R. Gonzalez-Martin, E. Crespo-Feo, and D. Jimenez-Cordero. "Study of aluminium oxide from high-alumina refractory ceramics by thermoluminescence." Bulletin of Materials Science 31, no. 6 (November 2008): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-008-0142-x.

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25

Abyzov, A. N., V. M. Rytvin, V. A. Abyzov, V. A. Perepelitsyn, and V. G. Grigor’ev. "Unroasted thermal insulating refractory materials based on high-alumina cement and phosphate binders." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 52, no. 4 (November 2011): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-011-9419-5.

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26

Galoisy, Laurence, Georges Calas, and Michel Maquet. "Alumina fused cast refractory aging monitored by nickel crystal chemistry." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 11 (November 1991): 2434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2434.

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Aged bricks of AZS and mixed α-β-alumina refractories have been sampled in superstructures of glass making furnaces. α- and β-alumina phases contained in these refractories have been investigated by optical absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electron probe microanalysis. On the side of the brick exposed to the tank atmosphere, β-alumina is the only phase present. The primary corundum grains are transformed into secondary β-alumina under the influence of contaminants from raw materials and oil ashes. The temperature conditions existing in the furnace preclude the formation of β” alumina. The bright blue color of β-alumina originates from the presence of tetrahedral Ni2+ in Al(2) sites, with no evidence for nickel atoms located in the ionic conduction band. By considering the chemical composition of β-alumina, spectroscopic results are consistent with a mutual interaction between divalent and monovalent species during cation diffusion. Indeed, the small divalent cations such as Ni are located in the spinel block and the larger alkali cations play a charge compensation role in the conduction band. As other divalent cations of small ionic radius, nickel hence helps to stabilize β-alumina, which maintains the refractory performance during furnace operation. The spectroscopic evidence of trace amounts of nickel (<100 ppm) in secondary corundum crystals means that this phase formed at the expense of β-alumina inside the high-alumina refractory brick. By considering the diffusion coefficients of Ni2+ in α- and β-alumina, this indicates a fast contamination of the material at an early stage of the furnace history. The formation of a permanent deep layer of primary and secondary corundum has protected the inner part of the refractory brick from further contamination.

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27

Luz, A. P., L. B. Consoni, C. Pagliosa, C. G. Aneziris, and V. C. Pandolfelli. "Sintering effect of calcium carbonate in high-alumina refractory castables." Ceramics International 44, no. 9 (June 2018): 10486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.066.

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28

Pletnev, P. M., V. M. Pogrebenkov, V. I. Vereshchagin, and D. S. Tyul’kin. "Corundum Refractory Material in Alumina-Binder Resistant to High-Temperature Deformation." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 59, no. 1 (May 2018): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-018-0187-3.

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29

Gu, Hua Zhi, Hou Zhi Wang, Mei Jie Zhang, Ao Huang, and Wen Jie Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field and Thermal Shock Resistance Property of Permeable Brick." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1152.

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The temperature distribution of the permeable brick was modeled using CFX software. The influence of magnesia and corundum on thermal shock resistance of non-cement bonded alumina-based permeable brick was investigated. The results indicated that, in the gas blow process, the high temperature regions near the working face of the brick gradually expanded with the increase of the gas flow rate. Therefore the inner part of the brick had the complex and large change of thermal stress. Further experiments demonstrated that thermal shock resistance of alumina-magnesia based castable refractory was better than that of alumina-chrome based castable refractory. With the increase of magnesia amount, the alumina-magnesia based castable refractory had more cycles of heating and water-cooling. When different kinds of corundum were added in the raw materials, the sample with tabular corundum showed the best thermal shock resistance, the one with white fused corundum performed worse and the one with fused dense corundum performed worst.

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30

Huang, A., P. Lian, L. Fu, H. Gu, and Y. Zou. "Modeling and experiment of slag corrosion on the lightweight alumina refractory with static magnetic field facing green metallurgy." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 54, no. 2 (2018): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb171014002h.

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Electromagnetic field is applied widely in metallurgy and other high temperature processes, and affects the behavior of melts. The lightweight alumina based carbon free refractory is of importance for energy-saving, consumption reduction and high quality steel production, and the slag corrosion resistance is significant concerning its service life. Does electromagnetic field control the slag corrosion behavior on the lightweight alumina refractory? In this paper, a multi-field coupled model was established to describe the slag corrosion process in an electromagnetic field. The mathematical modeling in combination of experiments was applied to clarify slag corrosion behavior of lightweight alumina refractory in static magnetic field. The simulation results agree with that of the experiments, which means the proposed model is promising for slag corrosion modeling. The results show that the combination of the slag properties change, and electromagnetic damping caused by MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) effect can enhance the slag corrosion resistance by inhibiting slag penetration and promoting formation of a directional isolation layer, and be beneficial to high-quality clean steel production.

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31

Wei, Hui-xian, Yan-wei Jiang, Qiang Zhang, Cheng-hao Mo, and Dong-yin Liu. "Effect of boric acid on properties of high-alumina phosphate-bonded plastic refractory materials." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 65, no. 9 (May 1, 2018): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201800040.

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32

Shang, Xiaobiao, Junruo Chen, and Jinhui Peng. "Dynamic Transmission Performances of Alumina and Mullite Refractory Ceramics in Microwave High-Temperature Heating." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0167.

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AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical approach to optimize the thickness of refractories for achieving maximum microwave power transmission in microwave heating based on the analysis of power transmission coefficient (PTC). The microwave PTCs of alumina (Al2O3) ceramics over the temperature range of 22–1,379°C at 2,450 MHz, mullite ceramics in the temperature range of 27–1,027°C at 2.45 GHz and 400–1,300°C at 915 MHz are studied. The results show that there are several transmission peaks in the PTC patterns. The transmission peak amplitude depends sensitively on the thickness of the refractory and the peak shifting towards a smaller thickness as the temperature of the refractory increases. We also show that high microwave transmission can only be achieved in a refractory with a small thickness corresponding to a slight transmission peak shift in the entire microwave heating (less than one eighth wavelength in the refractory).

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33

Huang, Yuzhou, Jing Long Bu, Yue Jun Chen, and Zhi Fa Wang. "Research on Mullite-Corundum-Aluminium Titanate Composite." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.308.

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Mullite-aluminium titanate-corundum composite was prepared at 1300°C with refractory clay, aluminium titanate and high alumina grog as raw material, molded at pressure of 50MPa. Effect of raw material ratio on sintering and themal shock resistance of the mullite-aluminium titanate-corundum composite was researched by measurements of apparent porosity, bending strength and residual strength after water-cool, and analyses of XRD and SEM. The results showed that as refractory clay content, apparent porosity of samples decrease, bulk density and bending strength increase. When the weight ratio of refractory clay, aluminium titanate and high alumina grog is 60/10/30, themal shock resistance of sample is excellent, The XRD and SEM analysis results indicated that the mechanical and thermal proprieties are relative to the microstructure and crystal phases of the composite materials.

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34

Loison, Lise, Mouna Sassi, Thorsten Tonnesen, Emmanuel De Bilbao, Rainer Telle, and Jacques Poirier. "Differences in the Corrosive Spalling Behavior of Alumina-Rich Castables: Microstructural and Crystallographic Considerations of Alumina and Calcium Aluminate Matrices." Ceramics 3, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics3020020.

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The energy transition from the incineration and gasification of fossil fuels to the incineration and gasification of biomass refractory linings is being held up by a severe corrosion issue, caused by high alkali contents and the wide variety of biomass sources. Incinerators optimized for fossil fuels are commonly lined with mullite, Al2O3-Cr or SiC-based refractory products; however, those materials are not always suitable for the use of organic fuels. Hibonite (CaO·6Al2O3)-based refractory products have shown promising performance because of their high resistance against alkali attacks. Indeed, previous works have shown that the reaction between calcium hexa-aluminate and an alkali does not lead to the strong volume expansion observed with other mineral phases, such as corundum or andalusite. The present work aims to describe the reactions kinetics occurring between hibonite-based raw materials and biomass ashes. Therefore, the three main oxides contained in an average biomass, namely, CaO, SiO2 and K2O, were selected to examine the high temperature reactions with a calcium hexa-aluminate matrix. The resulting phase composition and microstructure were compared with the performance of an alumina matrix through, respectively, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The post-mortem observations show a higher extent of reaction for the alumina than for the calcium hexa-aluminate. Moreover, the microstructure of the alumina matrix suffered a strong chemical spalling, while the calcium hexa-aluminate microstructure remained undamaged after the corrosion.

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35

Díaz, L. A., and R. Torrecillas. "Phase development and high temperature deformation in high alumina refractory castables with dolomite additions." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27, no. 1 (January 2007): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.02.036.

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36

Li, Apeng, Haijun Zhang, and Huaming Yang. "Evaluation of aluminum dross as raw material for high-alumina refractory." Ceramics International 40, no. 8 (September 2014): 12585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.069.

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37

Nevřivová, Lenka, and David Zemánek. "Factors Influencing Mullite Formation in Refractory Grog." Solid State Phenomena 321 (July 26, 2021): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.321.149.

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The mineral mullite has many outstanding refractory properties. The content of aluminum oxide in the raw material is the basic factor influencing the content of mullite in the final product. Depending on Al2O3 content, silica-alumina materials can be divided into fireclay and high-alumina with the Al2O3 content of 45 % and more. The study describes the influence of raw material, the influence of homogenization of raw material and influence of firing temperature on the mullite formation in fireclay refractory material. Three kinds of refractory clay with different chemical composition were used as raw material for fireclay grog production. Three kinds of homogenization and three different temperatures were studied as factors influencing mullite formation. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to determine mullite content in material. Quantitative phase analysis was conducted by the Rietveld method. Mullite crystals morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy.

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Novinson, Thomas, and Heinz F. Poppendiek. "Thermal Properties of High Alumina Refractory Mortars Modified With Lanthanide Chemical Admixtures." Journal of Composite Materials 22, no. 2 (February 1988): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199838802200205.

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Vorozhbiyan, R. M., G. N. Shabanova, and A. N. Korogodskaya. "Refractory concrete based on alumina cement out of low-grade raw materials." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 9 (December 29, 2018): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-9-47-51.

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The development results are given for the refractory concretes based on the modifed alumina cement with the using of the chemical industry wastes. The quantitative ratio for the near-gravity materials, the technological factors' inﬂuence on the concrete strength, the dependence of its strength properties on the flling aggregate's kind and its curing conditions were defned in the article. It was shown that the physical and mechanical properties of the developed concretes are as good as those of the commercial concretes. According to all technical characteristics this kind of production can be introduced for using as the high temperature vessels' lining material.Ill.6. Ref. 11. Tab. 4.

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GOROG, J. PETER, JAMES G. HEMRICK, HARALD A. WALTER, W. RAY LEARY, and MURRAY ELLIS. "Design of refractory linings for balanced energy efficiency, uptime, and capacity in lime kilns." February 2015 14, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.2.141.

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In this work a computer model is used to examine how refractory linings with both high alumina and basic refractory bricks affect kiln operations. Recommendations are made based on the results to aid mill personnel in designing optimized refractory linings for specific situations. Kilns used to regenerate lime in the kraft process are highly energy intensive. Throughout the 1990s, in response to increasing fuel prices, the pulp and paper industry primarily used backup insulation in conjunction with high alumina brick to line calcining zones of their kilns. The dramatic decline in price of natural gas over the past decade, in combination with mounting pressures to increase production of existing assets, has led many mills to focus more on increasing uptime and capacity rather than on energy savings. To this end, a growing number of mills are using basic (magnesia based) brick instead of high alumina brick to line calcining zones. While the use of basic brick can increase the uptime and reduce the cost to maintain the refractory lining, it can dramatically increase the shell temperatures and heat losses. Tradeoffs, therefore, are created among energy efficiency, capacity, and uptime.

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Nevřivová, Lenka. "Pore Structure Regulation in Refractory Grog with Alumina Content over 45 %." Key Engineering Materials 834 (March 2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.834.75.

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Increased alumina content in refractory grog is a product of the grog’s firing and, at the same time, it is a raw material used for the production of dense or insulating, shaped or monolithic refractories. Grog characteristics determine the properties of the final product. The specific characteristics of the grog are therefore optimized to suit the refractory product as close as possible. The basic characteristics determining the nature of the grog include its mineralogical composition, chemical composition, and apparent porosity. The present study focuses on ways of reducing the porosity of a high-alumina grog and thus obtaining a raw material suitable for the production of dense refractory materials. The experiments have shown that it is possible to regulate porosity by using clay with better sinterability and phosphoric acid in the production of grog from claystone with alumina content over 40 %, a minimal Fe2O3 content, a minimal content of CaO and alkali oxides.

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Pivinsky, Yu E., P. V. Dyakin, E. M. Grishpun, and A. M. Gorokhovsky. "Cement-Free Refractory Concretes. Part 2. High-Alumina and Corundum Ceramic Concretes1." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 60, no. 6 (March 2020): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-020-00408-0.

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Sheikh, Saad, Lu Gan, Xabier Montero, Hideyuki Murakami, and Sheng Guo. "Forming protective alumina scale for ductile refractory high-entropy alloys via aluminizing." Intermetallics 123 (August 2020): 106838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106838.

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Zemánek, D., and L. Nevřivová. "The ageing effect of raw materials on the final properties of high alumina refractory grog." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 549 (June 18, 2019): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/549/1/012047.

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Matrenin, S. V., Boris Ovechkin, and R. V. Tayukin. "An Application of Spark Plasma Sintering for Compaction of Refractory Oxides and Nitrides." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.225.

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The results of investigation of physical and mechanical properties of ceramic materials manufactured by compaction of alumina, zirconia, and aluminum oxynitride powders using spark plasma sintering (SPS) are presented. It is found out that the ceramics thus produced exhibit improved density and microhardness compared to the materials sintered at high temperature in a resistance furnace.

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Abbasian, Ahmad Reza, and Najmeh Omidvar-Askary. "Microstructural and mechanical investigation of high alumina refractory castables containing nano-titania." Ceramics International 45, no. 1 (January 2019): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.09.165.

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47

Zemánek, David, Karel Lang, Lukáš Tvrdík, Dalibor Všianský, Lenka Nevřivová, Petr Štursa, Pavel Kovář, Lucie Keršnerová, and Karel Dvořák. "Development and Properties of New Mullite Based Refractory Grog." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040779.

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The presented study is focused on optimization and characterization of a high-alumina refractory aggregate based on natural raw materials—kaolins, claystone, and mullite dust by-product (used to increase the alumina and mullite contents, respectively). In total, four individual formulas with the Al2O3 contents between 45 and 50 wt.% were designed; the samples were subsequently fired, both in a laboratory oven and an industrial tunnel furnace. The effects of repeated firing were examined during industrial pilot tests. Mineral and chemical compositions and microstructures, of both the raw materials and designed aggregates, were thoroughly investigated by the means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and optical and scanning electron microscopies. Porosity, mineral composition, and mullite crystal-size development during the firing process were also studied. Based on the acquired results, the formula with the perspective to be used as a new mullite grog, featuring similar properties as the available commercial products, however, with reduced production expenses, was selected. The quality of grog determines to a large extent the properties of the final product. Hence, optimization of aggregates for specific refractories is of a great importance. The production of engineered aggregates provides the opportunity to utilize industrial by-products.

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Drofelnik, N., J. Lamut, M. Marolt, and M. Knap. "Interaction Between Steel Melt and Refractory Materials in Tundish." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0043.

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Abstract In Štore Steel steelworks steel is casted on a three strand continuous casting machine. Lining of tundish is mainly made from a magnesia based material. Tundish cover powder is based on alumina and silica. It also contains aluminum and carbon. During casting, the composition of cover slag is constantly changing. When steel in casted in sequences the change in cover slag composition depends on the amount of CaO rich ladle slag. The composition of tundish cover slag at the end of the casting sequence lies in the area of gehlenite (2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2) in ternary phase diagram CaO·Al2O3·SiO2. The result of the reaction between melted steel, refractory material and tundish cover slag are enstatite (MgO·SiO2) and monticellite (CaO·MgO·SiO2). Merwinite (3CaO·MgO·SiO2) is formed in the end of the casting sequence because of high basicity of the gehlenite based tundish cover slag. Clogging on the inner side of submerged entry nozzles (SEN) are made of calcium aluminates (CaO·2Al2O3) and spinel (MgO, MnO)·Al2O3. Only when steel is casted in sequence composition changes in tundish cover slag and clogging occurs.

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El Haddar, Abdelilah, Ahmed Manni, Ali Azdimousa, Iz-Eddine El Amrani El Hassani, Abdelilah Bellil, Chaouki Sadik, Nathalie Fagel, and Meriam El Ouahabi. "Elaboration of a high mechanical performance refractory from halloysite and recycled alumina." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 59, no. 3 (May 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2019.08.002.

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Ramanenka, D., M.-L. Antti, G. Gustafsson, and P. Jonsén. "Characterization of high-alumina refractory bricks and modelling of hot rotary kiln behaviour." Engineering Failure Analysis 79 (September 2017): 852–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.04.038.

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