Relevant bibliographies by topics / High carbon steel

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Academic literature on the topic 'High carbon steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2023

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "High carbon steel"

Ge, Shuhai, Xiaolong Zhao, Weilian Zhou, et al. "The Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Performance of Cold-Rolled High-Conductivity and High-Strength Steel." Crystals 15, no. 5 (2025): 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15050469.

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Low-carbon micro-alloyed steel has become a wire material with great potential for further development due to its excellent comprehensive performance; however, there is still a lack of insight into the evolution of its electrical conductivity during annealing treatment after undergoing deformation. In this present contribution, we systematically explored the intrinsic correlation between the microstructural characteristics (including grain size evolution, dislocation density change, etc.) and performance indexes of cold-rolled high-conductivity high-strength steels and their mechanisms, using

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Sarangi, Soumya Sourav, and Avala Lavakumar. "Application of Rietveld Refinement and Williamson Hall Analysis in Ultra-Low Carbon to High Carbon Steels." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.3.

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Current study deals with the microstructural characterization of five different plates of steel with carbon concentration ranging from ultra-low to moderately high. Phase analysis was carried out using XRD technique. The XRD results were analyzed through Rietveld refinement and Williamson Hall plots. Rietveld refinement was carried out to understand the effect of carbon concentration on the lattice parameters of the above steel samples in as-received condition and also after deformation under uni-axial tensile loading. Lattice parameters obtained from refinement showed the strong dependence on

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Li, Yang, Jing Wang, Jiaquan Zhang, Changgui Cheng, and Zhi Zeng. "Deformation and Structure Difference of Steel Droplets during Initial Solidification." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 4 (2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0113.

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AbstractThe surface quality of slabs is closely related with the initial solidification at very first seconds of molten steel near meniscus in mold during continuous casting. The solidification, structure, and free deformation for given steels have been investigated in droplet experiments by aid of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. It is observed that the appearances of solidified shells for high carbon steels and some hyper-peritectic steels with high carbon content show lamellar, while that for other steels show spherical. Convex is formed along the chilling direction for most steels, besi

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Zumba Novay, Ember Geovanny, Carlos José Santillan Mariño, Daniela Estefanía Cuenca Pérez, and Joan David Espinoza Gallo. "Comparison of Properties (stress, resistance and deformation) between low and high carbon steel." Revista Tecnológica Ciencia y Educación Edwards Deming 9, no. 1 (2025): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.37957/rfd.v9i1.141.

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The objective of this study is to perform a detailed comparison of the stress, strength and deformation properties between high and low carbon steels to determine their mechanical behavior in different applications. The research is qualitative, descriptive, focusing on the theoretical analysis of the mechanical properties of steel, which is based on the compilation of information from different authors. The differences in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the two steels were analyzed. A comparison of the mechanical properties of low carbon steel and high carbon steel provides val

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Ilamparithi, C., C. Arunkumar, and M. Vinothkumar. "Investigation on Tensile Behaviour of Medium and High Carbon steel." Journal of Modern Thermodynamics in Mechanical System 1, no. 2 (2019): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3581842.

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This paper deals with finite element analysis of tensile behaviour of carbon steels. Based on the carbon content, steel classified as low, medium and high carbon steel. If the carbon content ranges between 0.3-0.6%, it is designated as medium carbon steel. The range of carbon between, 0.6-1%, it is termed as high carbon steel. In this research, medium and high carbon steel was considered and tested for uniaxial tension test. The size of specimen is opted as per IS 1608: 2005. The specimens were modelled with circular and hexagonal cut out and subjected to tension test. The uniaxial load was ap

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Warzecha, M., S. Garncarek, T. Merder, and Z. Skuza. "Identification of Relevant Work Parameters of Ladle Furnace While Melting the High Ductility Steel and High-Carbon Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (2016): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0052.

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In the present paper, secondary metallurgical treatment in ladle furnace during smelting the high carbon steel and steel with improved ductility for cold-deforming, under industrial conditions were analyzed. Common features of these steels are high requirements/strict standards imposed for their metallurgical purity; however they are especially exorbitant for improved ductility steels. In addition, it is widely used to specify alloying additives having significant weights- such as carbon and manganese - and explicitly restricted content of nitrogen requiring metal bath cover prior nitriding.

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G., Nallaiya, and S. Sekar K. "Study of Machining on High Carbon High Chromium Die Steel Using Wire Cut EDM under Various Conditions." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 2135–40. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14581.

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Tool steel are high quality steels made to close compositional and physical tolerances, they are used to make tools for cuttings, forming or shaping material into a part or component adapted to define use. There are various types tool steels are available in this we decided to select D2 material i.e. high carbon High chromium die steel. Using wire cut EDM machine we did machining on D2 steel under various condition ordinary conditions, After Hardening Conditions and after Hardening and tempering Conditions The process parameters viz. Wire diameter, Wire feed rate and Current will be kept const

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Martinez, M. A., J. Abenojar, J. M. Mota, and R. Calabrés. "Ultra High Carbon Steels Obtained by Powder Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.328.

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The objective of the present work is to study the manufacturing process of steels with high carbon content (1.5–2.1wt%) obtained by powder metallurgy. The reference material was the Damascus steel, which was employed to manufacture swords named after it and has been widely known due to its very good mechanical properties. The main reasons of the success of this product are: the high carbon content of the initial steel and the thermomechanical treatment (forge and quenching) that ancient iron forgers kept secretly during centuries. Different carbon contents (2 to3 wt%) were added to the same Fe

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Kuang, Shuang, Xiu Mei Qi, and Yun Han. "Analysis of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Two Hot Dip Galvanized Dual-Phase Steels with Different Alloy Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.198.

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The microstructures and mechanical properties of a high carbon DP steel and a low carbon Nb microalloying DP steel were investigated. The two types of DP steels have both qualified to meet European standard performance. But the high carbon content DP steel exhibits relatively low elongation and low hole expansion rate as well as poor bending performance. The martensite island in high carbon DP steel appears obvious band structure, and the size of martensite islands is big. Contrary, the matensite islands in low carbon and Nb microalloying DP steel are dispersed and fine, which lead to perfect

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Ene, Anna, Ioan Both, Ovidiu Abrudan, Aurel Stratan, Horia Florin Daşcău, and Nicușor Alin Sîrbu. "Experimental Investigation of Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of High-Performance Steels." Key Engineering Materials 953 (August 25, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-k0xked.

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As a new trend in modern structural design, the high-performance steels are increasingly used in steel structures, due to their superior mechanical properties, which could have decisive impact on the resistance and deformation capacity of structural components. High-performance steels include stainless and high-strength steels. The higher proof stress of the high-strength steels allows using thinner sections and material economy for those structural elements that do not experience stability problems. Austenitic stainless steel shows a series of advantages, including low maintenance costs and a

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High carbon steel"

Kim, Bae-Kyun. "High temperature oxidation of low carbon steel." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19519.

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The quality of steel may be seriously affected by the surface defects that appear on slab surfaces after hot rolling. These defects are related to iron oxidation and, in order to reduce the occurrence of these defects, it is necessary to better understand the formation of iron oxides during high temperature oxidation and the oxide descaling mechanisms. However, systematic research tools and experimental strategies for addressing these issues have not yet been developed. In addition, the mechanisms of oxide cracking and failure have not been understood. In this thesis, research tools and strate

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Paul, Graeme William Alexander. "Strain aging of high carbon steel wire." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366744.

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Kuno, Masato. "Fretting damage of high carbon chromium bearing steel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13207/.

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This thesis consists of four sections, the fretting wear properties of high carbon chromium bearing steel; the effect of debris during fretting wear; an introduction of a new fretting wear test apparatus used in this study; and the effects of fretting damage parameters on rolling bearings. The tests were operated under unlubricated conditions. Using a crossed cylinder contact arrangement, the tests were carried out with the normal load of 3N, slip amplitude of 50µm, and frequency of 30Hz at room temperature. The new fretting wear test rig consists of a sphere-on-plate arrangement, and the norm

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Steiner, J. L. d'E. "High carbon stainless steels for petrochemical steam reformers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355861.

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Sung, Pil Kyung 1961. "Segregation and structure in continuously cast high carbon steel." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277066.

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After hot rolling, the presense of segregation in the center of wire-rod can lead to a nonuniform transformation, resulting in bands of martensite in the microstructure. This is considered to be a defect, called center-martensite, because it can cause cracks and breaks during wire drawing. To identify the mechanism for the formation of center-martensite in wire-rod, the structure, macrosegregation and microsegregation in unworked billets were characterized. Based on measurements of secondary dendrite arm spacings, cooling rates during solidification were estimated. It appears that the macroseg

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Crowe, David Charles. "The high temperature electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in alkaline sulfide solutions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25567.

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The high temperature, high pressure electrochemical behavior of A516 Gr. 70 carbon steel in aqueous alkaline sulfide solutions was studied by means of polarization tests and cyclic volt-ammetry. The effects of variation of temperature (90-150°C), sulfide concentration (0-3 m), scan rate (1-50 mV/s) and scan range, and the effects of stirring and polarization at the switching potentials between scans were investigated. Passivation was consistent with formation of a protective Fe₂O₃ film. An understanding of the electrochemical behavior of iron in the alkaline sulfide solutions was facilitated

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Massé, Thomas. "Study and optimization of a high carbon steel flat wires." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP1672.

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Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation par éléments finis des procédés de mises en forme à froid, que sont le tréfilage et le laminage. Tout d'abord le comportement mécanique des aciers haut carbone a été mesuré grâce à une large campagne d'essais expérimentaux tout au long de cette gamme de mise en forme et une progressive anisotropie mécanique a été observée au cours du tréfilage. Puis, la simulation numérique du tréfilage et du laminage a été réalisée à l'aide de FORGE2005®. Le résultat principal concerne la prédiction de l'élargissement en fin de laminage qui est très imprécise avec une loi

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Fang, Haitao. "Low Temperature and High Salt Concentration Effects on General CO₂ Corrosion for Carbon Steel." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1163794555.

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Dixon, Philip R. "The thermomechanical properties of 224-carbon steel at high strain rates." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6821.

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Olsson, Sara, and Linn Efsing. "Wear testing of high-alloy carbon steel used in mining tools." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124595.

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Wear is a commonly occurring degradation mechanism for materials and components in the rock drilling industry. The wear can occur by either abrasion or adhesive wear. Further corrosion and presence of water or other lubricating fluids with or without particles may influence the behavior. Which mechanism, or mechanisms, and under which conditions it occurs, as well as the relative wear rate is dependent on the actual operating conditions for the component. In the present study, commonly available and general test methods for wear on high-alloy carbon steel has been analyzed. The project has bee

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Books on the topic "High carbon steel"

Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon and high strength low alloy steel. Iron & Steel Society, 1998.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon and high strength low alloy steel. Iron and Steel Society, 1991.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy. Iron and Steel Society, 1995.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Rolled floor plates, carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steel. Iron and Steel Society, 1991.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Steel products manual.: Rolled floor plates, carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy steel. Iron and Steel Society, 1997.

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Elsudani, Abuagila H. Ali. Development of ultra-high strength in low carbon steel wire. UMIST, 1993.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Sheet steel: Carbon, high strength low alloy, alloy, uncoated, metallic coated, coil coated, coils, cut lengths, corrugated products. Iron and Steel Society, 1999.

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Society, Iron and Steel. Pocketbook of tolerances and metallurgical information: Strip steels : carbon, high strength low alloy, alloy. Iron & Steel Society, 2001.

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M, Cobb Harold, and Iron and Steel Society, eds. Steel products manual.: Carbon, high strength low alloy, and alloy coils and cut lengths (including coated products). Iron and Steel Society, 1988.

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Society, Iron and Steel, ed. Pocketbook of tolerances for dimensions for sheet steel (including coated products): Carbon, high strength low alloy, alloy. Iron & Steel Society, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "High carbon steel"

Samuelsson, Anders, Falko Schröter, Gerhard Sedlacek, et al. "High-Performance Steels in Europe." In Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.099.

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<p>Since the first application of steel in steel structures in the 19th century the development of steel construction has been closely linked to the development in material properties and production methods. Significant achievements concerning strength, economy, design versatility, fabrication and erection techniques and service performance would not have been possible without the substantial improvements of steel. Especially with the application of "new" production processes for carbon steels such as the thermo-mechanical rolling and the quenching and tempering process, steel with a

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Sherif, Mohamed Y. "Novel High-Carbon High-Vanadium PM Steel for High-Load Rolling Bearing Applications." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings. ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140077.

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Li, Jing, and Chengbin Shi. "Feasibility Analysis of Titanium on Carbide Control in High Carbon High Alloy Steel." In Carbide in Special Steel. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1456-9_8.

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Fujii, Hidetoshi, Ling Cui, and Kiyoshi Nogi. "Welding of High Carbon Steel without Transformation." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.1411.

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Wei, Shi Zhong, Yan Li, Jian Ping Gao, Ying Ping Ji, and Rui Long. "Phase Structure and Microstructure of the Interface between WC Steel Bond Hard Alloy and Carbon Steel." In High-Performance Ceramics V. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1606.

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Suarez, Lucia, R. Coto, X. Vanden Eynde, M. Lamberigts, and Yvan Houbaert. "High Temperature Oxidation of Ultra-Low-Carbon Steel." In Defect and Diffusion Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-36-1.158.

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Driver, Robert G., Gilbert Y. Grondin, and Colin MacDougall. "Fatigue Research on High-Performance Steels in Canada." In Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.045.

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<p>Compared to conventional structural grade steels, high-performance steel (HPS) provides higher strength, improved weldability, greatly enhanced fracture toughness, and comparable ductility, as well as having "weathering" properties. The improved characteristics of HPS are achieved through lower levels of carbon and other elements, in conjunction with advanced steel-making practices using either quenching and tempering or thermo-mechanical controlled processing. All of these properties make HPS highly desirable for bridge applications. Indeed, although its development spans only the

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Zhao, Hong, and Xing Hong Zhang. "Fabrication of TiC Coating on Carbon Steel Surface by SHS/PHIP." In High-Performance Ceramics V. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1304.

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Zhang, Yan Mei, Yan Ping Liu, Zhong Hou Li, and Zhong Xu. "Surface Age-Hardened High Speed Steel with High Co Content Formed on Undecarburized Carbon Steel." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.187.

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Sourmail, T., V. Smanio, and G. Auclair. "Kinetics of Bainite Formation in 100Cr6 and Similar High-Carbon Steel Grades." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings. ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140048.

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Conference papers on the topic "High carbon steel"

Devallée, Matthieu, Xavier Roumeau, and Francois Dupoiron. "High Temperature Carbon Steel Weld Preferential Corrosion." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11142.

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Abstract An extensive inspection campaign was executed in a West European refinery on circuits potentially subjected to high temperature low silicon carbon steel sulfidation (&lt;0.1wt.%). This effort came on the top of the existing refinery sulfidation inspection plan for carbon steel piping. Ultrasonic testing (UT) measurements showed no excessive corrosion on any inspected components. However, after these inspections were completed, a pinhole leak occurred on a weld in the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) Heavy Gasoil (HGO) circuit. This circuit operates at 350°C (660°F), the HGO sulfur co

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Nor, A. Mohammed, M. F. Suhor, M. F. Mohamed, M. Singer, and S. Nesic. "Corrosion of Carbon Steel in High CO2 Environment: Flow Effect." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11242.

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Abstract At first glance, the need to explore and develop hydrocarbon gas fields which contain high CO2 contents (up to 80 mole %) would call for the use of expensive corrosion resistant alloys. This would have the potential to render project development costs untenable. An alternative approach would be to evaluate the technical feasibility of using carbon steels. Unlike transportation and sequestration of supercritical CO2, where the amount of water is normally negligible or comes from condensation, field development has to consider the presence of formation water. This water has the potentia

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Wiersma, B. J., J. I. Mickalonis, and B. L. Garcia-Diaz. "Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in High Concentration Nitrate Solutions." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10233.

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Abstract High-level waste is stored at the Savannah River Site in large underground tanks constructed of carbon steel. The waste is composed of three phases: salt cake, sludge and supernate. In order to prepare feed for waste immobilization processes, the salt cake is dissolved in water for transfer to the feed preparation tank. During the salt dissolution process, a stage is achieved in which the inhibitor concentrations may not meet the requirements of the corrosion control program for the waste tanks. The addition of inhibitors may be counterproductive to the efficiency of the process and t

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Wiersma, B. J., J. I. Mickalonis, and B. L. Garcia-Diaz. "Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in High Concentration Nitrate Solutions." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11201.

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Gui, F., N. Sridhar, and M. Peters. "Compatibility of Carbon Steel with Isobutanol." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11139.

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Abstract Isobutanol is a new biofuel with excellent gasoline blending properties including high energy density, low hygroscopicity, high octane number, and low vapor pressure. Although it is well known that carbon steel is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in fuel grade ethanol (FGE), there is a lack of information regarding the susceptibility of carbon steel to SCC in isobutanol and its blends with gasoline. This work investigated the susceptibility of a line pipe steel to SCC in two isobutanol-gasoline blends, isobutanol and a 12.5% isobutanol-gasoline blends with and without th

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Arai, Yuji, Toshio Mochizuki, Tomohiko Omura, Keiichi Kondo, and Shinji Yoshida. "Study of High-strength Low-alloy Steel OCTG with High Carbon Contents for Mildly Sour Service." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09051.

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Abstract High-strength OCTG is required for high pressure/high temperature well applications in order to withstand the expected extreme pressures and temperatures. For development of further high-strength low-alloy steel OCTG for sour service, effects of carbon content on the strength, microstructure, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of low-alloy steel were fundamentally investigated. Modified AISI 4130 (1.0wt%Cr–0.7wt%Mo-0.1wt%V) steel with varying carbon content from 0.15 to 0.59wt% was quenched and tempered. The modified steels were analyzed with respect to martensite substructu

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Nyborg, Rolf, and Arne Dugstad. "Mesa Corrosion Attack in Carbon Steel and 0.5 % Chromium Steel." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98029.

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Abstract Local breakdown of protective corrosion films may result in rapid local attack or mesa corrosion attack during CO2 corrosion of carbon steel. The factors affecting formation and local breakdown of protective corrosion films were studied in a series of flow loop experiments performed at 40 - 80 °C with pH 5.8, 1.8 bar CO2 partial pressure, high iron content in the water and flow rates 0.1 - 7 m/s. Carbon steels with or without chromium and nickel additions up to 1 % were tested. Addition of 0.5 % chromium in the steel was found to reduce the tendency for severe mesa attack in carbon st

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Aladesanmi, Victor, and Timothy Laseinde. "Multilinear Regression Predictive Analysis of Additive Manufactured High-Carbon Steel Powder." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10629779.

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Wiersma, B. J., and W. R. Parish. "Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Saturated High-Level Waste Salt Solutions." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97118.

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Abstract High level waste stored as crystallized salts is to be removed from carbon steel tanks by water dissolution. Dissolution of the saltcake must be performed in a manner which will not impact the integrity of the tank. Corrosion testing was performed to determine the amount of corrosion inhibitor that must be added to the dissolution water in order to ensure that the salt solution formed would not induce corrosion degradation of the tank materials. The corrosion testing performed included controlled potential slow strain rate, coupon immersion, and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The

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Bocher, Florent. "Oxidation of Welded Materials in High Temperature Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16961.

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Abstract Martensitic stainless steel (UNS S41000), austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31000), and nickel-based alloys (UNS N06625) specimens were exposed at 450°C and 7.6 MPa in pure supercritical CO2 (sCO2) for a total of seven months. The exposure was performed in order to assess the effect of various parameters on the oxidation of materials that may be used in oxy-combustion gas turbine systems using sCO2. Materials and environment parameters such as composition, pressure and temperature have been covered in the literature. However, engineering design will result in atypical conditions, usual

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Reports on the topic "High carbon steel"

Duncan, A. MECHANICAL TESTING OF CARBON STEEL IN HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895632.

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Rao, A. S. Modeling High Carbon and High Nickel Steel: Effect of Heat Treatment Time. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465559.

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Williams, D. N., and W. A. Maxey. NG-18-145-R01 Evaluation of an X70 Low-Carbon Bainitic-Steel Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011900.

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Evaluates the material properties of low-carbon bainitic-steel pipe with microalloying of titanium and boron in high manganese steel. Strain aging and stepwise hydrogen-induced cracking were also evaluated.

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Wiersma, B. Vapor Corrosion Response of Low Carbon Steel Exposed to Simulated High Level Radioactive Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890201.

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Frost, R., T. Muth, and A. Liby. Effects of manufacturing variables on performance of high-level waste low carbon steel containers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7052436.

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Williams, D., and W. Maxey. NR198506 Evaluation of an X70 Low-Carbon Bainitic-Steel Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011411.

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A 24-inch-diameter x 0.75-inch-wall X70 low-carbon bainitic-steel pipe was evaluated to obtain an independent measurement of pipe properties and to examine metallurgical characteristics that may affect behavior in gas-transmission service. The steel from which the pipe was produced was processed using advanced steelmaking methods to insure cleanliness but apparently was not treated for sulfide shape control since no sour gas exposure in service was anticipated. Primary microalloying additions in this high manganese steel, other than columbium, were titanium and boron. Titanium was added to for

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Melton and Bertaso. L52016 Active Flux GTAW Welding Process for Carbon Steel Line Pipe Applications - Phase 1. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010376.

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The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process has been used for many years in the joining of carbon steel, alloy steel and non-ferrous alloys. Its capacity to deposit an external root, the ability to choose filler metals for a wide variety of base metals, and its favorable deposition characteristics make this a versatile process which is associated with low defect susceptibility, and excellent weld metal properties. Unfortunately, the GTAW process has not historically been associated with high productivity rates. Past efforts to enhance productivity through "hot wire" technology have improved th

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Parkins. L51806 Effects of Hydrogen on Low-pH Stress Corrosion Crack Growth. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010142.

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There is circumstantial evidence of hydrogen playing a role in, so called, low pH SCC of pipeline steel, but direct evidence for such is lacking. Resolution of this situation is of practical importance because of its implications for modeling. Thus, existing models for high pH SCC of pipelines are based upon a dissolution controlled mechanism of crack growth, but such models will not be applicable to low pH SCC if hydrogen is involved with the latter. Measurements have been made of the permeation of hydrogen into X52 and X60 pipeline steels at various potetials while exposed to a simulated gro

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Patchett, B. M., and A. C. Bicknell. L51706 Higher-Strength SMAW Filler Metals. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010418.

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The welding of high strength steels in general, and for pipeline fabrication in particular, has shown that cracking due to hydrogen absorption during welding is more complex in these steels than in older, lower strength steels. In older steels, primary strengthening was accomplished with carbon, which caused hydrogen cracking in the base metal HAZ under reasonably predictable conditions involving microstructure, residual stress and hydrogen level. Pipeline steels were and are in the vanguard of change in strengthening philosophy. The change involves two areas of steel making, chemical composit

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Leis. L51845 Database of Mechanical and Toughness Properties of Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010150.

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�The lower-strength grades of steel used for transmission pipelines into the 60s were much like those used in other steel construction in that era. These steels gained strength by traditional hardening mechanisms through chemistry changes, largely involving carbon and manganese additions. Improvement of these grades, primarily through control of ingot chemistry and steel processing, became necessary when running brittle fracture was identified as a failure mechanism in gas-transmission pipelines in the late 50s. Eventually, this avenue to increasing strength was exhausted for pipeline applicat

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