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Journal articles on the topic 'High-current relativistic electron beam'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kiziridi P. P. and Ozur G.E. "Pulse energy of a non-relativistic, high-current electron beam." Technical Physics 92, no. 6 (2022): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.06.54421.316-21.

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Energetic characteristics of a high-current electron gun with a cathode assembly based on multi-gap initiation of explosive emission by dielectric surface flashover in the mode of vacuum and gas-filled diode were investigated. It has been shown that it is better to measure high-current electron beam pulse energy using a calorimetric (thermal imaging) method than to calculate it from the waveforms of accelerating voltage and beam current onto collector (target) since the beam current values may be essentially overstated because of decay current of a dense plasma emergent under the bombardment o

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2

Astrelint, V. T., P. Vrba, J. Ullschmied, and M. Člupek. "Numerical simulation of high current relativistic electron flow." Laser and Particle Beams 6, no. 3 (1988): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005516.

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We studied the electron beam generation in high-current diode with various cathode shapes and the beam propagation through vacuum or plasma delivered to metallic drift tube. The combined effect of external longitudinal and self-consistent azimuthal magnetic fields with the accelerating electric field is discussed. We are interested in obtaining the diode efficiency and beam characteristic in stationary state.

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3

Ram, Abhay K., Kyriakos Hizanidis, and Richard J. Temkin. "Current drive by high intensity, pulsed, electron cyclotron wave packets." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920301009.

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The nonlinear interaction of electrons with a high intensity, spatially localized, Gaussian, electro-magnetic wave packet, or beam, in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies is described by the relativistic Lorentz equation. There are two distinct sets of electrons that result from wave-particle interactions. One set of electrons is reﬂected by the ponderomotive force due to the spatial variation of the wave packet. The second set of electrons are energetic enough to traverse across the wave packet. Both sets of electrons can exchange energy and momentum with the wave packet. The trapping

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4

Strelkov, P. S., V. P. Tarakanov, I. E. Ivanov, and D. V. Shumeiko. "Dynamics of a high-current relativistic electron beam." Plasma Physics Reports 41, no. 6 (2015): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x15060057.

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5

Duclous, R., J. P. Morreeuw, V. T. Tikhonchuk, and B. Dubroca. "Reduced multi-scale kinetic models for the relativistic electron transport in solid targets: Effects related to secondary electrons." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 1 (2010): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000042.

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AbstractA reduced mathematical model for the transport of high current relativistic electron beams in a dense collisional plasma is developed. Based on the hypothesis that the density of relativistic electrons is much less than the plasma density and their energy is much higher than the plasma temperature, a model with two energy scales is proposed, where the beam and plasma electrons are considered as two coupled sub-systems, which exchange the energy and particles due to collisions. The process of energy exchange is described in the Fokker-Planck approximation, where the pitch angle electron

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6

Füllekrug, M., R. Roussel-Dupré, E. M. D. Symbalisty, et al. "Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (2011): 15551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-15551-2011.

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Abstract. Non-luminous relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds are detected by radio remote sensing with low frequency radio signals from 40–400 kHz. The electron beams occur 2–9 ms after positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges at heights between 22–72 km above thunderclouds. The positive lightning discharges also cause sprites which occur either above or before the electron beam. One electron beam was detected without any luminous sprite occurrence which suggests that electron beams may also occur independently. Numerical simulations show that the beamed electrons partially disc

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7

Füllekrug, M., R. Roussel-Dupré, E. M. D. Symbalisty, et al. "Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 15 (2011): 7747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7747-2011.

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Abstract. Non-luminous relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds have been detected by the radio signals of low frequency ∼40–400 kHz which they radiate. The electron beams occur ∼2–9 ms after positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges at heights between ∼22–72 km above thunderclouds. Intense positive lightning discharges can also cause sprites which occur either above or prior to the electron beam. One electron beam was detected without any luminous sprite which suggests that electron beams may also occur independently of sprites. Numerical simulations show that beams of electrons pa

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8

Karbushev, N. I., and E. V. Rostomyan. "Features of relativistic electron beam–plasma interaction under high beam current." Physics Letters A 372, no. 24 (2008): 4484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2008.04.042.

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9

Totmeninov, E. M., I. V. Pegel, and V. P. Tarakanov. "Highly efficient X-band relativistic twistron." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 4 (2016): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000537.

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AbstractThe paper proposes a new scheme of high-power microwave oscillator of twistron type using a moderately relativistic high-current electron beam. In numerical experiment using axisymmetric version of the completely electromagnetic PiC code KARAT, a 56% conversion efficiency of electron beam power to electromagnetic radiation was demonstrated. With 340 kV accelerating voltage, 3.3 kA electron beam current, and 2.2 T guiding magnetic field strength, the simulated microwave power was 630 MW at 9.7 GHz. The “electronic efficiency” of the source reaches 66%.

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10

Debayle, A., and V. T. Tikhonchuk. "Target ionization by a high current relativistic monoenergetic electron beam." Physics of Plasmas 14, no. 7 (2007): 073104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2749500.

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11

Miller, J. D., K. T. Nguyen, R. F. Schneider, K. W. Struve, and D. J. Weidman. "Pulse shaping a high‐current relativistic electron beam in vacuum." Review of Scientific Instruments 62, no. 12 (1991): 2910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142180.

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12

Kiziridi, P. P., and G. E. Ozur. "Pulse Energy of a Non-Relativistic, High-Current Electron Beam." Technical Physics 68, S2 (2023): S374—S380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784223900292.

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13

Chikunov, V. V., B. A. Knyazev, V. S. Koidan, et al. "Magnetic focusing of an intense microsecond relativistic electron beam." Laser and Particle Beams 3, no. 3 (1985): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600001464.

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Experimental results are presented on the focusing of an intense microsecond relativistic electron beam. The beam is generated in a high-voltage quasi-planar diode (E = 600–800 keV, τ = 3–5 μsec). It is then magnetically – focused by longitudinal injection into a magnetic mirror. The total energy of the beam is about 50 kJ. The focusing chamber is filled with argon under a pressure varying from 3 × 10−5 to 1 torr. The results include investigations of beam focusing under various conditions, the dynamics of the return current in the plasma as well as the influence of the reflected beam electron

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14

Bingham, Robert. "Basic concepts in plasma accelerators." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (2006): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1722.

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In this article, we present the underlying physics and the present status of high gradient and high-energy plasma accelerators. With the development of compact short pulse high-brightness lasers and electron and positron beams, new areas of studies for laser/particle beam–matter interactions is opening up. A number of methods are being pursued vigorously to achieve ultra-high-acceleration gradients. These include the plasma beat wave accelerator (PBWA) mechanism which uses conventional long pulse (∼100 ps) modest intensity lasers ( I ∼10 14 –10 16 W cm −2 ), the laser wakefield accelerator (LW

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15

McGarrah, D. B., and M. L. Brake. "Argon ion excitation by relativistic electrons: II. Chemical kinetics." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 3 (1990): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008740.

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A model of an electron beam interacting with neutral argon was developed by solving the chemical kinetic rate equations for the time-dependent populations of ground and excited levels of Arl and Aril as well as the populations of electron energy groups. Intensities of spectral lines were calculated, from predicted population densities and Einstein coefficients, and compared to experimental results.The thermal plasma is generated during the beam pulse and persists for some time after the pulse is terminated. Low energy levels of Arii with a 4s or 4p valence electron have similar time profiles t

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16

Cassedy, E. S. "The free-electron-laser synchronous harmonic generator—A high power source of submillimeter waves." Laser and Particle Beams 5, no. 4 (1987): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600003177.

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A harmonic generator of submillimeter wavelength radiation, operating on a relativistic electron beam, is proposed. The device is shown to operate on principles of parametric interactions, under the particular conditions of an electric-quadrupole pump field which is propagating synchronously with the electron beam. Using a fluid model, it is shown that a cascade of parametric sum and difference frequencies in the transverse beam modes should occur, with each harmonic component growing convectively along the beam. The physical effect, termed the “sonic condition”, has been observed previously o

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17

Zhu Jun, 朱隽, 陈楠 Chen Nan, 禹海军 Yu Haijun, et al. "Influence of backstreaming ions on high-current relativistic electron beam propagation." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 10 (2011): 2742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20112310.2742.

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18

Fine, T. A., and M. J. Rhee. "Anode foil changer for high‐current relativistic electron beam diode systems." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 11 (1989): 3556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140510.

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19

Borodich, A. I., and I. A. Volkov. "Transport of a high-current relativistic electron beam by magnetic multipoles." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 70, no. 5 (1997): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02657637.

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20

Donets, S. Ye, V. V. Lytvynenko, O. A. Startsev, Yu F. Lonin, A. G. Ponomarev, and V. T. Uvarov. "Fractal analysis of fractograms of aluminum alloys irradiated with high current electron beam." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 24, no. 2 (2023): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.24.2.249-255.

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The aluminum alloys D16 and AMg6 were irradiated using the high-current relativistic electron beam in vacuum. Intense electron irradiation of the materials modified their physical properties. The fractal character of the fracture surfaces’ images was studied. The change of the fractality is a distinguished descriptor of the materials modification. The characteristic ductile and brittle fractures are accompanied by the change of the fractal dimension.

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21

Leontyev A.N, Rozental R.M., Ginzburg N.S., Zotova I. V., Malkin A. M., and Sergeev A. S. "Excitation of high cyclotron harmonics in a high-current relativistic gyrotron in the frequency multiplication regime." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 12 (2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.12.54947.19176.

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Using the averaged equations supplemented with 3D particle-in-cells simulation methods, we have studied the frequency multiplication regime in a high-current relativistic gyrotron. The paper shows that the ratio between the output power of the higher (fifth or sixth) harmonics and that of the fundamental cyclotron resonance may be of about 0.1-0.3%. Accordingly, the nonlinear transformation coefficient is several orders of magnitude higher than the values achievable in gyrotrons with weakly-relativistic electron beams. Keywords: gyrotron, harmonic excitation, high-current relativistic electron

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22

Sergeeva, Daria Yu, and Alexey A. Tishchenko. "Coherent Grating Transition Radiation of a Hollow Relativistic Electron Beam from a Flat 2D Photonic Crystal." Particles 8, no. 2 (2025): 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8020062.

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Hollow electron beams are a promising tool for generating coherent radiation in various frequency ranges. Hollow beams have unique properties, including increased stability and the ability to achieve high current densities without significant deterioration of beam quality. This paper presents the results of a theoretical study on coherent grating transition radiation arising during the interaction between a relativistic hollow electron beam and a flat two-dimensional photonic crystal. The radiation field is calculated using the dipole approximation. Theoretical analysis has shown that, under c

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23

Yang, Fuxiang, Fangchao Dang, Juntao He, Xiaoping Zhang, and Jinchuan Ju. "A Large Signal Theory of Multiple Cascaded Bunching Cavities for High-Efficiency Triaxial Klystron Amplifier." Electronics 10, no. 11 (2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111284.

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This paper presents a large signal theory of multiple cascaded bunching cavities for the design of high-efficiency triaxial klystron amplifiers (TKAs). The theoretical analysis of multiple cascaded bunching cavities is presented, focusing on the relationship between gap voltage and first harmonic current and velocity dispersion, which can exactly describe the clustering state of intense relativistic electron beams. The theoretical results of the first harmonic current and velocity dispersion are basically consistent with its simulation results, which can justify a high degree of confidence in

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24

Anishchenko, S. V., V. G. Baryshevsky, and A. A. Gurinovich. "Electrostatic Cumulation at Relativistic Energies." Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems 22, no. 4 (2019): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2019-22-4-395-400.

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The electrostatic cumulation of current density in relativistic vacuum diodes with ring-type cathodes is described theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The distinctive feature of the suggested cumulation mechanism is a very low energy spread of electrons. As a result of electrostatic cumulation, a thin relativistic electron beam with a current density of 1 kA/mm2 can be formed.

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25

Carlson, R. L., R. N. Ridlon, and L. E. Stout. "Multigigahertz beam current and position monitor for relativistic electron beams." Review of Scientific Instruments 57, no. 10 (1986): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139095.

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26

UHM, HAN S., E. H. CHOI, J. J. KO, H. M. SHIN, and G. S. CHO. "Influence of ion density on electron-beam propagation from a gas-filled diode." Journal of Plasma Physics 61, no. 1 (1999): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898007259.

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Electron-beam propagation from a gas-filled diode is investigated. The beginning portion of the electron beam pulse creates an ion channel not only inside the diode but also in the region beyond the anode. A theoretical model is developed for the space-charge-limited current of a relativistic electron beam propagating through an ion channel. A simple analytical expression for the space-charge-limited current is obtained within the context of a thin-beam approximation, where the conducting-tube radius is much larger than the beam radius. The beam current propagating through an ion channel is me

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27

BADZIAK, J., S. GŁOWACZ, S. JABŁOŃSKI, P. PARYS, J. WOŁOWSKI, and H. HORA. "Laser-driven generation of high-current ion beams using skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 4 (2005): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050573.

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Basic properties of generation of high-current ion beams using the skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration (S-LPA) mechanism, induced by a short laser pulse interacting with a solid target are studied. Simplified scaling laws for the ion energies, the ion current densities, the ion beam intensities, and the efficiency of ions' production are derived for the cases of subrelativistic and relativistic laser-plasma interactions. The results of the time-of-flight measurements performed for both backward-accelerated ion beams from a massive target and forward-accelerated beams from a thin foil target

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28

Popa, Alexandru. "Polarization effects in collisions between very intense laser beams and relativistic electrons." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 4 (2012): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000675.

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AbstractThe interaction between laser and relativistic electron beams is a promising source of very energetic X rays. We present an accurate model for the collisions between very intense linearly polarized laser beams, corresponding to relativistic parameters of the order of unity or greater, and electrons having energies up to 100 MeV. Our approach uses only one approximation, namely it neglects the radiative corrections. We consider the two cases in which the laser field polarization is either perpendicular or parallel to the plane defined by the directions of propagation of the laser beam a

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29

Maitrallain, A., E. Brunetti, M. J. V. Streeter, et al. "Parametric study of high-energy ring-shaped electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (2022): 013017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac3efd.

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Abstract Laser wakefield accelerators commonly produce on-axis, low-divergence, high-energy electron beams. However, a high charge, annular shaped beam can be trapped outside the bubble and accelerated to high energies. Here we present a parametric study on the production of low-energy-spread, ultra-relativistic electron ring beams in a two-stage gas cell. Ring-shaped beams with energies higher than 750 MeV are observed simultaneously with on axis, continuously injected electrons. Often multiple ring shaped beams with different energies are produced and parametric studies to control the genera

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30

Helava, H., G. A. Proulx, V. Bailey, B. Ecker, C. Eichenberger, and R. J. Taylor. "Relativistic electron beam current drive in the macrotor tokamak." Nuclear Fusion 25, no. 5 (1985): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/25/5/003.

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31

Kobets, A. G., P. R. Horodek, V. V. Lytvynenko, et al. "Melting effects of high-current relativistic electron beam on aluminum alloy 1933." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 51, no. 5 (2015): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375515050075.

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32

Zhu, Jun, Haijun Yu, Nan Chen, et al. "Hydrodynamic response of converter target impacted by high-current relativistic electron beam." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 269, no. 19 (2011): 2139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.07.006.

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33

Vrba, P. "Angular velocity spread of relativistic electron beam generated by high current diode." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 45, no. 1 (1995): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01690216.

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34

Kuzelev, M. V., and Anri A. Rukhadze. "Stimulated radiation from high-current relativistic electron beams." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 152, no. 6 (1987): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0152.198706d.0285.

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35

Kuzelev, M. V., and Anri A. Rukhadze. "Stimulated radiation from high-current relativistic electron beams." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 30, no. 6 (1987): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1987v030n06abeh002853.

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36

Arzhannikov, Andrey V., Aleksandr V. Burdakov, Petr V. Kalinin, et al. "Subterahertz Generation by Strong Langmuir Turbulence at Two-Stream Instability of High Current 1-MeV REBs." Siberian Journal of Physics 5, no. 4 (2010): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2010-5-4-44-49.

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The results of investigation for subterahertz radiation emission induced by strong Langmuir turbulence driven by a microsecond relativistic electron beam are presented. The radiation is associated with a plasmon-plasmon merging process, which generates photons at a double plasma frequency in the range of few hundreds GHz

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37

Luccio, A., G. Matone, L. Miceli, and G. Giordano. "Coherent backscattering in the soft X-ray region." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 3 (1990): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008636.

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Coherent X rays can be produced by Compton scattering of laser light on a relativistic electron beam, whose current is periodically modulated by the same laser radiation in a suitable miniundulator. If electron and laser photon energy are properly matched, the modulated electron beam acts as a moving diffraction grating and the X rays show a high degree of coherence. A practical implementation of this scheme is shown.

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38

Sun, Limin, Hua Huang, Shifeng Li, et al. "Investigation on High-Efficiency Beam-Wave Interaction for Coaxial Multi-Beam Relativistic Klystron Amplifier." Electronics 11, no. 2 (2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020281.

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To significantly improve the electronic efficiency of coaxial multi-beam relativistic klystron amplifier (CMB-RKA), the physical process of beam-wave interaction and parameters that affect efficiency was studied. First, the high efficiency of beam-wave interaction was discussed by simulating the efficiency versus the parameters (frequency of cavity, drift tube length between cavities, and external quality factor of output cavity), in the one-dimensional (1-D) large-signal simulation software. Moreover, the further physical process of beam-wave interaction was analyzed through simulating the cu

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39

Гинзбург, Н. С., Е. Р. Кочаровская, М. Н. Вилков та А. С. Сергеев. "Использование многоканальных лазерных комплексов для создания некогерентной накачки в комптоновских лазерах на свободных электронах рентгеновского диапазона". Письма в журнал технической физики 44, № 14 (2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2018.14.46338.17164.

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AbstractIt is used that there is great potential in the use of multichannel laser complexes for incoherent pumping of X-ray Compton free-electron lasers based on stimulated wave backscattering on high-current moderately relativistic electron beam. The relative width of the pump spectrum must be comparable with that of the energy spectrum of the electron beam, which ensures involvement of a significant fraction of particles into the scattering process and, hence, high efficiency of their kinetic energy conversion into X-ray radiation.

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40

Dan’ko, S. A., O. S. Belozerov, Yu L. Bakshaev, and S. A. Khromov. "Recording of Superenergetic Electrons and Ions in the High-Current Pulsed Relativistic Electron Beam Generator." Plasma Physics Reports 48, no. 6 (2022): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x2260030x.

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41

Kamboj, Oriza, Anshul Kumar Teotia, and Niti Kant. "Stimulated Raman scattering by circularly polarized quadruple Gaussian laser beam and co-propagating electron beam in plasma." Laser Physics 33, no. 11 (2023): 115401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acf8b3.

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Abstract This study investigates the interplay between a co-propagating relativistic electron beam and a quadruple Gaussian laser beam in plasma, focusing on the suppression of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) growth. The presence of the laser beam induces the excitation of a pair of plasma waves and side-scattered electromagnetic waves. As the side-scattered wave and pump wave couple together, they exert a ponderomotive force on the electron beam and plasma electrons, resulting in an enhancement of the plasma wave amplitude. Nonlinear coupling between the density perturbation in the plasma,

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42

Mohri, A. "Intense relativistic electron beam ring (SPAC)." Nuclear Fusion 25, no. 9 (1985): 1299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/052.

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43

MINAMI, KAZUO, YADUVENDRA CHOYAL, and TSUGUHIRO WATANABE. "Proposal of a new principle of cyclotron emission from neutralized electron beams." Journal of Plasma Physics 73, no. 4 (2007): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377806004855.

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AbstractRadiation from a loosely constrained cyclotron motion of mono-energetic electrons on a common large orbit (LO) circle in a uniform axial magnetic field and in a right-hand circularly polarized field of plane electromagnetic waves has been studied numerically by particle simulation. A restoring force caused by neutralizing ions against the displacements of gyrating electrons from the original LO circle is introduced by a phenomenological potential well in the radial direction. It is shown that, in high-density beams such as ωb2 ≫~Ω2, Cherenkov instability in the azimuthal direction with

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44

Sandalov, Evgeny S., Stanislav L. Sinitsky, Dmitrii I. Skovorodin, et al. "Emittance Variation of a High-Current Relativistic Electron Beam in a Bend Magnet." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 49, no. 9 (2021): 2737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2021.3105661.

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45

Ilyenko, K. V., T. Yu Yatsenko, and S. A. Kurkin. "TRANSPORT OF HIGH-CURRENT TUBULAR RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAM IN HYBRID COAXIAL MAGNETIC UNDULATOR." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 73, no. 1 (2014): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v73.i1.30.

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46

Miller, Joel D., Ralph F. Schneider, Daniel J. Weidman, Han S. Uhm, and Khanh T. Nguyen. "Observation of plasma wake-field effects during high-current relativistic electron-beam transport." Physical Review Letters 67, no. 13 (1991): 1747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.1747.

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47

Bekhovskaya, K. S., I. L. Bogdankevich, P. S. Strelkov, V. P. Tarakanov, and D. K. Ul’yanov. "The use of a high-current electron beam in plasma relativistic microwave oscillators." Plasma Physics Reports 37, no. 13 (2011): 1119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x11070051.

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Afanasyeva, S. A., N. N. Belov, E. F. Dudarev, A. N. Tabachenko, M. V. Khabibullin, and N. T. Yugov. "Fracture of targets upon exposure to a nanosecond relativistic high-current electron beam." Russian Physics Journal 56, no. 2 (2013): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-013-0016-6.

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Sharma, Anamika, and V. K. Tripathi. "Relativistic and ponderomotive self-focusing of a laser pulse in magnetized plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 4 (2012): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000481.

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Abstract:

AbstractThe self-focusing of an intense right circularly polarized Gaussian laser pulse in magnetized plasma is studied. The ions are taken to be immobile and relativistic mass effect is incorporated in both the plasma frequency (ωp) and the electron cyclotron frequency (ωc) while determining the ponderomotive force on electrons. The ponderomotive force causes electron expulsion when the effective electron cyclotron frequency is below twice the laser frequency. The nonlinear plasma dielectric function due to ponderomotive and relativistic effects is derived, which is then employed in beam-widt

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Astrelin, V. T., and S. V. Lebedev. "The method of an intense electron beam modulation." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 4 (1994): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008545.

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Abstract:

A new method of intense relativistic electron beam modulation at frequencies up to ∼1 GHz is suggested. Current modulation is provided by using the azimuthal magnetic field of the beam to control the beam reflection from the magnetic mirror. The results of computer simulations for a 2-MeV, 20–50-kA beam are presented.

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