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Journal articles on the topic 'High leakage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Huang, Hongwei, Wen Cheng, Mingliang Zhou, Jiayao Chen, and Shuai Zhao. "Towards Automated 3D Inspection of Water Leakages in Shield Tunnel Linings Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 21, 2020): 6669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226669.

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On-site manual inspection of metro tunnel leakages has been faced with the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy. An automated, high-precision, and robust water leakage inspection method is vital to improve the manual approach. Existing approaches cannot provide the leakage location due to the lack of spatial information. Therefore, an integrated deep learning method of water leakage inspection using tunnel lining point cloud data from mobile laser scanning is presented in this paper. It is composed of three parts as follows: (1) establishment of the water leakage dataset using the acquired point clouds of tunnel linings; (2) automated leakage detection via a mask-region-based convolutional neural network; and (3) visualization and quantitative evaluation of the water leakage in 3D space via a novel triangle mesh method. The testing result reveals that the proposed method achieves automated detection and evaluation of tunnel lining water leakages in 3D space, which provides the inspectors with an intuitive overall 3D view of the detected water leakages and the leakage information (area, location, lining segments, etc.).

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2

Willmann, Gabriel, M. Dominik Fischer, Andreas Schatz, Kai Schommer, and Florian Gekeler. "Retinal Vessel Leakage at High Altitude." JAMA 309, no. 21 (June 5, 2013): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.5550.

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3

ZHANG, WEIQIANG, LI SU, YU ZHANG, LINFENG LI, and JIANPING HU. "LOW-LEAKAGE FLIP-FLOPS BASED ON DUAL-THRESHOLD AND MULTIPLE LEAKAGE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 01 (February 2011): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007128.

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The scaling of transistor sizes has resulted in dramatic increase of leakage currents. The sub-threshold and gate leakages have now become a major contributor to total power dissipations. This paper presents two flip-flops based on dual-threshold CMOS and multiple leakage reduction techniques to reduce their leakage dissipations. In the DT-TG FF (Dual-Threshold Transmission Gate Flip-Flop), some transistors on non-critical paths use high-threshold devices to reduce their leakage currents, while the other transistors on critical paths use low-threshold devices to maintain performance. The MLRT FF (Multiple Leakage Reduction Technique Flip-Flop) uses P-type CMOS techniques, MTCMOS (Multi-Threshold CMOS) power-gating and dual-threshold technique to reduce both sub-threshold and gate leakage dissipations. Taken as an example, a practical sequential system realized with the two low-leakage flip-flops is demonstrated using a mode-5 × 5 × 5 counter. The simulation results show that the two flip-flops achieve considerable leakage reductions.

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Hwang, Woonyong. "A Study on the Prediction of Damage Ranges by Leakages of Seaport-Stored Substances." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.2.23.

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In order to check the risk of hydrogen peroxide leakage from the seaport, the leakage amount was changed from 1.0 ton to 10.0 tons, with the maximum and minimum diffusion distances per month in 2020 being subsequently calculated. A total of 82 scenarios were created to confirm the change in the diffusion distance according to the amount of leakage. The scenario was analyzed based on the distance at which the risk concentration was maintained through the ALOHA Air Dispersion Models. As indicated by the analysis, when the amount of leakage is relatively large, the temperature is also high and the wind speed is fast - resulting in the maximum spread. However, when the amount of leakage was relatively minimal, the temperature was low and the wind speed remained fast - this kept diffusion to the minimum. Concerning characteristics of fast wind speeds, the dispersion length changed based on amounts of leakages where PAC-1 contains 2.0 tons, PAC-2 contains 4.0 tons, and PAC-3 contains 5.0 tons. In addition, when the amount of leakage equaled 10.0 tons, and the wind speed was high, the dispersion length reached up to 10 kms. In light of this, it was confirmed that even adjacent administrative districts were affected. Therefore, it is necessary to establish appropriate measures to prevent damage by utilizing the diffusion distance caused by chemical leakages.

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Georgy, Bassem. "Comparison Between Radiofrequency Targeted Vertebral Augmentation and Balloon Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures: Addressing Factors that Affect Cement Extravasation and Distribution." Pain Physician 5;16, no. 5;9 (September 14, 2013): E513—E518. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2013/16/e513.

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Background: Both vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty have been described for treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is known for its high leakage rate compared with balloon kyphoplasty. In vitro studies have shown that high-viscosity cements significantly decrease the incidence of cement leakage and increase the predictability of cement fill in cancellous bonelike substrates compared with low-viscosity cements. Objective: This study compares the incidence and pattern of cement leakage in cases treated with standard balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) and a novel vertebral augmentation procedure, radiofrequency targeted vertebral augmentation (RF-TVA). Study Design: Retrospective evaluation of postoperative radiographs. Setting: Single center inpatient and outpatient population. Methods: Two methods of vertebral augmentation were utilized. Conventional bipedicular BKP and RF-TVA, a novel unipedicular technique which uses a navigational osteotome to create targeted, bone sparing cavities and RF energy to deliver an ultra-high viscosity cement at a consistent rate via a remote controlled, automated hydraulic delivery system. Postoperative radiographs of patients treated with the 2 techniques were critically analyzed for the incidence and location of cement leakage. Eighty consecutive patients with 106 treated levels were included. Thirty-five patients with 49 levels in the BKP and 45 patients with 57 levels in RF-TVA group were evaluated. Results: Leakages less than 1-2 mm were not reported since they may not represent any clinical significance. In the BKP group, 6 leakages (12%) were reported (3 discal, 2 venous, one paravaertebral, and no epidural). In the RF-TVA group, a total of 3 leakages (5%) were reported, (one discal, 2 venous, no paravaertebral or epidural). Using contingency analysis for leakage per level, there was a statistical difference for leakage between RF-TVA and standard BKP, P < 0.01. Limitations: Retrospective study, single center. Conclusions: The RF-TVA technique may provide an approximately 50% reduction in leakage rate when compared to standard BKP. This may be related to the combination of controlled delivery of radiofrequency activated (high viscosity) cement at a fixed, low rate of delivery into sitespecific channels created using a navigational osteotome. Additionally, based on the unipedicular access and remotely controlled cement delivery RF-TVA may decrease procedural invasiveness and physician radiation exposure, respectively. Institutional Review: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Key words: Balloon kyphoplasty, radiofrequency targeted vertebral augmentation, compression fractures, cement leakage

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6

Gupta, Aditya Dinesh, and Kishore Kulat. "Leakage reduction in water distribution system using efficient pressure management techniques. Case study: Nagpur, India." Water Supply 18, no. 6 (February 2, 2018): 2015–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.023.

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Abstract Leakages in water distribution system (WDS) are directly proportional to its operating pressure. Pressure management is becoming an important technique for reducing leakages in the water networks. This paper presents a pressure management technique for leakage reduction in north central WDS of Nagpur City, India, using variable speed pump and pressure reducing valves (PRVs). Variable speed pump is utilized for eliminating pressure deficiency during high demand and for reducing excess pressure causing leakage reduction during lower demand, by controlling the pump speed. PRVs have been used for further leakage reduction. This paper proposes a modified reference pressure algorithm for determining the location of valves in WDS. A multiobjective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to determine the optimized control value of pressure reducing valve with respect to change in demand pattern and to minimize the leakage rate in the WDS. Proposed pressure management technique leads to leakage reduction of 16.57% to 26.30% with respect to changes in demand pattern, causing daily average saving of 5.066 Ml. Minimum required pressure is maintained on every demand nodes to avoid pressure deficiency in WDS.

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7

Yoon, Jiyoung, Junkyu Park, and Jinhyoung Park. "Numerical Simulation and Design of a High-Temperature, High-Pressure Fluid Transport Pipe." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175890.

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When designing a hand caliber with a high-temperature, high-pressure internal fluid transport pipe, reliability, safe use, and performance must be considered. Reliability refers to the stress caused by thermo-mechanical load; safe use refers to the low-temperature burns that might occur upon contact, and high-temperature burns caused by gas leakage occurring in the cylinder gap; and performance refers to projectile velocity. In this study, numerical simulation methods for heat transfer, structure analysis, and gas leakage are proposed so that solutions can be designed to account for the above three criteria. Furthermore, a hand-caliber design guide is presented. For heat transfer and structural analysis, mesh size, the transient convective heat transfer coefficient, and boundary conditions are described. Regarding gas leakage, methods reflecting projectile motion and determination of the molecular weight of the propellant are described. As a result, a designed hand caliber will have a high reliability, because the thermo-mechanical stress is lower than the yield stress. There will be little risk of low-temperature burns, but there will be a high temperature-burn risk, owing to gas leakage in the cylinder gap. The larger the cylinder-gap size, the greater the gas leakage and the smaller projectile velocity. The presented numerical simulation method can be applied to evaluate various aspects of other structures that require high-temperature, high-pressure fluid-transport pipes.

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8

Cheng, Yu, Dian Putrasahan, Lisa Beal, and Ben Kirtman. "Quantifying Agulhas Leakage in a High-Resolution Climate Model." Journal of Climate 29, no. 19 (September 9, 2016): 6881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0568.1.

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Abstract The leakage of warm and salty water from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas system into the South Atlantic may play a critical role in climate variability by modulating the buoyancy fluxes associated with the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). New climate models, such as the Community Climate System Model, version 3.5 (CCSM3.5), are now able to resolve the Agulhas retroflection and constrain the inertially choked Agulhas leakage to more realistic values. These ocean-eddy-resolving climate models are poised to bolster understanding of the sensitivity and influence of Agulhas leakage in the coupled climate system. Here, a strategy is devised to quantify Agulhas leakage in CCSM3.5 by applying an offline Lagrangian particle-tracking approach, finding a mean interbasin transport of 11.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). It is shown that monthly mean outputs can be used to produce a reliable time series of Agulhas leakage variability on longer-than-seasonal time scales (correlation coefficient r = 0.88; p < 0.01) by comparing to a parallel simulation that archives daily mean fields every 5 days. The results show that Agulhas leakage variability at longer-than-seasonal time scales is less sensitive to the temporal resolution of the velocity fields than is the mean leakage transport.

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9

Irisawa, Daiichi, Kumiko Imai, Koichi Shintomi, Akihito Yahara, Mitsuru Masuda, and Hironori Matsuba. "Leakage Field of High Tc Superconducting Shield." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 125, no. 5 (2005): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.125.471.

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10

Niu, Yu Jing, Li Song, Feng Tao Hu, and Ke Feng Wang. "T91 High Temperature Reheater Piping Leakage Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.300.

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Now T91steel is more and more used in power plant pipe components. The leakage of high temperature reheater pipe was analyzed after surveying the leaking site, checking material composition and observing the microstructure of related materials. We found that a large number of dust at the bottom of the pipe stopped the expansion of high temperature reheater tube rows, the connecting structure between pipes through fins was irrational, and welding fins process was substandard. Cracks were originated from fin-side weld, and extended to the pipe wall , which finally led to a leakage.

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11

Schroeder, H., and S. Schmitz. "Leakage current through high permittivity thin films." Annalen der Physik 13, no. 12 (January 29, 2004): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.200310060.

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12

Geis, M. W., N. N. Efremow, and J. A. von Windheim. "High‐conductance, low‐leakage diamond Schottky diodes." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 7 (August 16, 1993): 952–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109855.

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13

Helms, Domenik, Reef Eilers, Malte Metzdorf, and Wolfgang Nebel. "Leakage Models for High-Level Power Estimation." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 37, no. 8 (August 2018): 1627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2017.2760519.

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14

Schroeder, Herbert, Sam Schmitz, and Paul Meuffels. "Leakage currents in high-permittivity thin films." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 5 (February 3, 2003): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1541096.

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15

Maskit, Matan, and Avi Ostfeld. "Multi-Objective Operation-Leakage Optimization and Calibration of Water Distribution Systems." Water 13, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111606.

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This study aims to develop and solve a multi-objective water distribution systems optimization problem incorporating pumps’ optimal scheduling and leakage minimization. An iterative optimization model was presented for calibrating and computing leakages in water distribution systems to recognize the critical impact of leakage control on system operation. The multi-dimensional and nonlinear optimization model, incorporating pump control, consumer demands, storage, and other water distribution systems’ components, was constructed and was minimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm coupled with hydraulic simulations. The model was demonstrated on two example applications with increasing complexity through base runs and sensitivity analyses. Results showed that leakage minimization competes against pumping, mainly when significant differences occur between demands during low and high energy tariffs. Pumping during the periods with high electricity tariffs (when the demands are high) generated pressure distribution that decreased the overall leakage related to pump scheduling that replicated the natural inclination to pump as much as possible at low tariffs (when the demands are low). The optimal fronts were found to be very sensitive to the leakage exponent value, and changing its value indeed contradicted the balance between minimizing the leakage and the energy cost significantly. Altogether, the idea presented in this paper was found capable of facilitating the decision-makers to conveniently select between the energy-efficient pump scheduling and pump scheduling reflecting minimum leakage based on the system operator’s preferences. The research also paves the way to rebuild the optimization model by incorporating water distribution reliability and water quality that, in some cases, may also contradict the choice between energy cost and leakage minimization.

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16

Caley, T., J. H. Kim, B. Malaizé, J. Giraudeau, T. Laepple, N. Caillon, K. Charlier, et al. "High-latitude obliquity forcing drives the agulhas leakage." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 2193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-2193-2011.

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Abstract. The Agulhas Current (AC) transport of heat and salt from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic around South Africa (Agulhas leakage), has a profound role in the decadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), which influences global climate. On glacial-interglacial timescales, paleostudies postulate that Agulhas leakage plays a decisive role for AMOC resumption during terminations (glacial-interglacial transitions). However, efforts to elucidate forcing mechanisms connecting Agulhas leakage with glacial-interglacial AMOC variability have been hampered due to a lack of climate records extracted from the area where the AC originates. Here we present 800-kyr sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) records from the "precursor" region of the AC. These records contain strong obliquity-driven 41-kyr cycles, nearly in phase with changes in annual mean insolation and air temperature at high southern latitudes. In contrast, precession-driven cycles were negligible in our SST records, which is surprising given the low-latitude location of the Agulhas leakage. Together, this suggests that long-term Agulhas leakage dynamics are associated with a high latitude rather than a tropical climate forcing mechanism, probably by varying the position of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical convergence (STC) and its associated westerlies. We argue that during terminations stronger Agulhas leakage was triggered by increased obliquity exerting a positive feedback on the global climate system through modulating long-term AMOC variations.

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17

Nie, Lin. "Comparison of High-Viscosity Cement Vertebroplasty and Balloon Kyphoplasty for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures." Pain Physician 2;18, no. 2;3 (March 14, 2015): E187—E194. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2015.18.e187.

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Background: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a widely used vertebral augmentation procedure for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). But high cement leakage rate caused by a low-viscosity cement and high injection pressure has limited its general use. Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) and high-viscosity cement vertebroplasty (HVCV) are 2 modifications of vertebroplasty designed to decrease cement leakage. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of HVCV compared with BKP. Study Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Department of Spine Surgery, an affiliated hospital of a medical university. Method: One hundred seven patients suffering from painful OVCFs were randomly assigned into HVCV or BKP groups. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), cement leakage, and vertebral height restoration were evaluated. All occurring complications and injected cement volumes were recorded. The follow-up time was one year. Results: VAS and ODI scores improved in both groups, and did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. More cement was used in the BKP group than in HVCV group (4.22 vs. 3.31 mL, P < 0.0001). The incidence of cement leakage in the HVCV group was lower than that of the BKP group (13.24% vs 30.56%, P < 0.05). No symptomatic cement leakages occurred in the HVCV group. In the BKP group, one patient experienced discogenic back pain related to a disc leak, and another patient had asymptomatic cement emboli in the lung related to venous leakage. The mean compression rate before the procedure was 29.98% in the HVCV group and 28.67% in the BKP group (P = 0.94). The vertebral height was improved significantly and maintained at one-year follow-up in both groups. BKP was more effective in vertebral height restoration than HVCV (44.87% vs. 23.93%, P < 0.0001). There was one case of a new adjacent vertebral fracture in the HVCV group (2%), and 4 cases of new nonadjacent vertebral fractures in the BKP group (7.84%) (P = 0.18). Limitations: A single-center and relatively small-sample size study. Conclusion: HVCV and BKP are safe and effective in improving quality of life and relieving pain. HVCV has a lower cement leakage rate, whereas BKP is more effective in vertebral height restoration. Subsequent fractures are not different between the 2 groups. Key words: Vertebral compression fracture, spine, osteoporosis, cement augmentation, balloon kyphoplasty, vertebroplasty, cement leakage

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18

Wu, Nan-Nan, Cheng-Dong Duan, Yun-Cong Jiang, and Jia Lian. "Simulation and safety analysis of the leakage of liquefied hydrogen from high-pressure container." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 3 (2019): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180411117w.

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In this paper, the leakage and diffusion of liquefied hydrogen which is stored in high-pressure container were investigated and the safety arrangement in cosmodrome focused on the effects of external flow on the above process was proposed. The phase transition process of leakage of liquefied hydrogen at the initial stage was first analyzed by considering the motion of single particle and particle group. Furthermore, the rule of leakage and diffusion of liquefied hydrogen under different conditions was thoroughly examined by CFD modelling. Through this work, the leakage pressure, leakage location, external air-flow direction and external air-flow velocity are found to have great effects on the diffusion of leaking hydrogen. By increasing the leakage pressure and putting leakage port closer to ground, the diffusion and dilution of leaking hydrogen would be strongly expedited to spread much further away. By adopting upper air blow and raising the external air speed, the concentration can be fairly reduced.

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19

Palm, Hans-Georg, Patricia Lang, Madlen Haentzsch, Benedikt Friemert, Carsten Hackenbroch, and Hans-Joachim Riesner. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluoroscopy, Radiography, and Computed Tomography in Detecting Cement Leakage in Kyphoplasty." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, no. 06 (May 7, 2018): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641734.

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Purpose Cement leakage is a typical complication of kyphoplasty for vertebral fractures. It is unclear if cement application intraoperatively can be improved by using other techniques of visualization and which kind of postoperative imaging should be recommended to detect cement extravasation accurately. Objective To compare the rates of cement leakage detected by intraoperative fluoroscopy, postoperative radiography, and postoperative computed tomography (CT) in a retrospective study. Patients and Methods The study included 78 patients (60 women and 18 men; 115 vertebral bodies) who were treated with two kinds of kyphoplasty. The patients underwent intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiography and CT. After surgery, the images were evaluated to compare cement leakage rates and locations in the three visualization techniques. Leakage locations were described as epidural, intradiskal, extravertebral, or intravascular. Results Compared with CT, intraoperative fluoroscopy regularly detected intradiskal leakage (75%) but had a considerably lower sensitivity for visualizing epidural (21%), extravertebral (31%), and intravascular (51%) cement leakages. A comparison of radiography and CT showed that radiography had a high sensitivity for detecting intradiskal (82%) and intravascular (70%) cement extrusions but a lower sensitivity in identifying epidural (42%) and extravertebral (50%) leaks. Therefore, the CT scan overall was best in detecting location and accuracy. Conclusion CT detected more cement leaks than any of the other investigated techniques, especially epidural, extravertebral, and intravascular cement leakages. To achieve the best accuracy, only CT provides complete information.

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20

Wang, Xiaojia, Xianli Liu, Baosheng Jin, and Decheng Wang. "Hydrodynamic Study of AR Coupling Effects on Solid Circulation and Gas Leakages in a High-Flux In Situ Gasification Chemical Looping Combustion System." Processes 6, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100196.

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In situ gasification chemical looping combustion (iG-CLC) is a novel and promising coal combustion technology with inherent separation of CO2. Our previous studies demonstrated the feasibility of performing iG-CLC with a high-flux circulating fluidized bed (HFCFB) riser as the fuel reactor (FR) and a counter-flow moving bed (CFMB) as the air reactor (AR). As an extension of that work, this study aims to further investigate the fundamental effects of the AR coupling on the oxygen carrier (OC) circulation and gas leakages with a cold-state experimental device of the proposed iG-CLC system. The system exhibited favorable pressure distribution characteristics and good adaptability of solid circulation flux, demonstrating the positive role of the direct coupling method of the AR in the stabilization and controllability of the whole system. The OC circulation and the gas leakages were mainly determined by the upper and lower pressure gradients of the AR. With the increase in the upper pressure gradient, the OC circulation flux increased initially and later decreased until the circulation collapsed. Besides, the upper pressure gradient exhibited a positive effect on the restraint of gas leakage from the FR to the AR, but a negative effect on the suppression of gas leakage from the AR to the FR. Moreover, the gas leakage of the J-valve to the AR, which is directly related to the solid circulation stability, was exacerbated with the increase of the lower pressure gradient of the AR. In real iG-CLC applications, the pressure gradients should be adjusted flexibly and optimally to guarantee a balanced OC circulation together with an ideal balance of all the gas leakages.

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Wagh, K. S. "A Survey: Data Leakage Detection Techniques." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2247-2253.

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Data is an important property of various organizations and it is intellectual property of organization. Every organization includes sensitive data as customer information, financial data, data of patient, personal credit card data and other information based on the kinds of management, institute or industry. For the areas like this, leakage of information is the crucial problem that the organization has to face, that poses high cost if information leakage is done. All the more definitely, information leakage is characterize as the intentional exposure of individual or any sort of information to unapproved outsiders. When the important information is goes to unapproved hands or moves towards unauthorized destination. This will prompts the direct and indirect loss of particular industry in terms of cost and time. The information leakage is outcomes in vulnerability or its modification. So information can be protected by the outsider leakages. To solve this issue there must be an efficient and effective system to avoid and protect authorized information. From not so long many methods have been implemented to solve same type of problems that are analyzed here in this survey. This paper analyzes little latest techniques and proposed novel Sampling algorithm based data leakage detection techniques.

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22

Nakane, H., A. Maekawa, E. Akita, K. Akagi, T. Nakano, S. Nishimoto, S. Hashimoto, T. Shinohara, and H. Uehara. "The Development of High-Performance Leaf Seals." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1615257.

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Recently, from the environmental point of view, demand for a combined cycle plant is increasing, and superior gas turbine performance is being rapidly promoted at the same time. As one of the key technologies for superior performance, reduction of secondary air leakage, which is necessary for blade cooling and bearing sealing, is required. Especially, reduction of air leakage through rotating parts and stationary parts clearance is critical.

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23

Zhou, Zhangming, Jinzi Cui, Fang Yu, Kun Fang, Zhenzhen Shen, R. Wayne Johnson, Alexey Vert, Tan Zhang, and David Shaddock. "Investigation of Thick Film Technology for High Temperature Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-2012-wa24.

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For electronics operating at 300°C, thick film technology has been proposed as a suitable interconnection technology to create modules. This work examines the leakage current with constant bias (100V) at 300°C. The leakage current increased significantly within the first few hours of aging. The effect of 300°C aging with dc bias on the adhesion of multilayer thick film test structures was also studied. The aged adhesion was a function of bias polarity. Fracture surface analysis results are presented. Bi in the PtPdAu conductor appears to play a role in both the leakage current and adhesion phenomena observed.

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24

SAWAI, Sadamu, and Yoshitsugu MORISHITA. "Sound Power Characteristics of High Temperature and High Pressure Water Leakage." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 39, no. 1 (1997): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.39.76.

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25

WANG, Nan, Song CHEN, Cong HAO, Haoran ZHANG, and Takeshi YOSHIMURA. "Leakage Power Aware Scheduling in High-Level Synthesis." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E97.A, no. 4 (2014): 940–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e97.a.940.

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26

Atac, M., K. Arndt, B. Gobbi, S. Los, N. Parashar, G. Sellberg, and E. Spencer. "Leakage current measurements of high voltage ceramic capacitors." Journal of Instrumentation 1, no. 08 (August 11, 2006): T08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/1/08/t08001.

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27

Yang, K. J., and Chenming Hu. "MOS capacitance measurements for high-leakage thin dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 46, no. 7 (July 1999): 1500–1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.772500.

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Ouyang, Ziwei, Jun Zhang, and William Gerard Hurley. "Calculation of Leakage Inductance for High-Frequency Transformers." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30, no. 10 (October 2015): 5769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2014.2382175.

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Giroldo, Jorge, and Marcello Bellodi. "Drain Leakage Current in MuGFETs at High Temperatures." ECS Transactions 28, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3377108.

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Shan, Jinhua, Jing Ding, and Jianfeng Lu. "Numerical Investigation of High-temperature Molten Salt Leakage." Energy Procedia 69 (May 2015): 2072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.221.

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31

Shin, Hyun Kook, and Jae Hun Jo. "Air Leakage Characteristics and Leakage Distribution of Dwellings in High-rise Residential Buildings in Korea." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 12, no. 1 (May 2013): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.12.87.

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32

Fryda, Marcin, Dorota Brzezińska, and Marek Dziubiński. "High rise buildings stairwells pressure differential systems tests and improvement solutions." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624420964313.

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The task of fire pressure differential systems in a building is to prevent smoke from entering protected spaces such as stairwells and areas that should remain smoke-free in the event of fire. The required overpressure must consider leakage within the protected space. This article presents the results of testing to determine the impact of leakage of the protected space on the conditions for maintaining overpressure. The research was conducted in accordance with draft standard N161-prEN12101-6. The pressure distribution as a function of time was obtained for stairwells with different levels of leakage, using a constant flow aeration fan as well as systems with a variable airflow. Practical application: Designers of differential pressure smoke control systems are required to calculate aeration fan airflow volume. The leakage level of protected spaces should be taken into consideration given that European Standard EN12101-6 suggests that gap areas should be minimal. Consequently, modern building design and construction requires estimation of the leakage area in such protected spaces. The objective is to improve safety of buildings and reduce the system reaction time during a fire.

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33

Guo, Yuan, Yinchuan Zeng, Liandong Fu, and Xinyuan Chen. "Modeling and Experimental Study for Online Measurement of Hydraulic Cylinder Micro Leakage Based on Convolutional Neural Network." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092159.

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Internal leakage is the most common failure of hydraulic cylinder; when it increases, it decreases volumetric efficiency, pressure and speed of the hydraulic cylinder, and can seriously affect the normal operation of the hydraulic cylinder, so it is important to measure it, especially to measure it online. Firstly, the principle of internal leakage online measurement is proposed, including the online measurement system, the fixed mode of the strain gauge and the mathematical model of the flow-strain signal conversion. Secondly, an experimental system is established to collect internal leakages and strain values, and the data is processed. Finally, the convolutional neural network (CNN), BP neural network (BPNN), Radial Basis Function Network (RBF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) are used to predict the hydraulic cylinder leakage; the comparison of experimental results show that the CNN has high accuracy and high efficiency. This study provides a new idea for online measurement of small flow on other hydraulic components.

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Gamal, Ahmed M., Bugra H. Ertas, and John M. Vance. "High-Pressure Pocket Damper Seals: Leakage Rates and Cavity Pressures." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 4 (September 3, 2006): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2720871.

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The turbomachinery component of interest in this paper, the pocket damper seal, has the dual purpose of limiting leakage and providing an additional source of damping at the seal location. The rotordynamic coefficients of these seals (primarily the direct stiffness and damping) are highly dependent on the leakage rates through the seals and the pressures in the seals’ cavities. This paper presents both numerical predictions and experimentally obtained results for the leakage and the cavity pressures of pocket damper seals operating at high pressures. The seals were tested with air, at pressures up to 1000psi(6.92MPa), as the working fluid. Earlier flow-prediction models were modified and used to obtain theoretical reference values for both mass flow rates and pressures. Leakage and static pressure measurements on straight-through and diverging-clearance configurations of eight-bladed and twelve-bladed seals were used for code validation and for calculation of seal discharge coefficients. Higher than expected leakage rates were measured in the case of the twelve-bladed seal, while the leakage rates for the eight-bladed seals were predicted with reasonable accuracy. Differences in the axial pitch lengths of the cavities and the blade profiles of the seals are used to explain the discrepancy in the case of the twelve-bladed seal. The analysis code used also predicted the static cavity pressures reasonably well. Tests conducted on a six-bladed pocket damper seal to further investigate the effect of blade profile supported the results of the eight-bladed and twelve-bladed seal tests and matched theoretical predictions with satisfactory accuracy.

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35

Uchida, Hidetsugu, Akiyuki Minami, Toyokazu Sakata, Hiroyuki Nagasawa, and Motoki Kobayashi. "High Temperature Performance of 3C-SiC MOSFETs with High Channel Mobility." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.1109.

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Transistor performances of lateral and vertical 3C-SiC MOSFETs are investigated in the temperature range of 25 °C to 300 °C. Both types of MOSFETs operate up to 300 °C and the lateral MOSFETs possess peak channel mobility of more than 100 cm2/(Vs) even at 300 °C for the [110]- and [-110]-channel directions. In both MOSFETs, on-currents decrease monotonically and threshold voltages shift negatively as the temperature increases. The temperature dependence of on-currents in the lateral MOSFETs is weaker than that in the vertical MOSFETs. The leakage current at the negative gate voltage increases at above 200 °C. The activation energies calculated from the leakage currents at 200 °C and 300 °C are about half of the 3C-SiC bandgap energy of 2.3 eV.

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Farahani, Hassan Feshki, and Mohammad Khalili. "Investigation the Effect of Core Type on the Leakage Inductance in the High Frequency Transformers." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3890.

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One of the most important problems in high-frequency transformers is leakage flux which is inevitable and can lead to increase the leakage inductance. The leakage inductance has different effects on pulse transformers `operation which among them the effect on rise time can be mentioned that can change the output waveform. Although inductance value can not be zero, it can be reduced to some extent. One of the ways is to choose the core type. According to core type, windings in transformer can be winded in a way that results in leakage inductance reduction. In this paper, two kinds of transformers with two different cores are modeled and simulated in ANSYS which are equal in transforming power and different in windings area. Also in this paper, the effect of core type on leakage inductance value is studied by using the obtained results.

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37

Greenway, H., I. Waters, and J. Newsome. "Effects of Anoxia on Uptake and Loss of Solutes in Roots of Wheat." Functional Plant Biology 19, no. 3 (1992): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9920233.

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This paper reports on leakage of K+, Cl-, free amino acids and soluble sugars from roots of 4-5-day-old intact wheat seedlings, exposed to anoxia. Leakages were slower from hypoxically than from aerobically pretreated roots. For the first 24 h of anoxia, leakage of K+ and free amino acids was similar, while sugar leakage was slow. Subsequently, leakage of all three solutes usually increased with time. Net losses of K+ and Cl-, after 48 or 72 h exposure of intact seedlings to anoxia, were faster, and/or occurred earlier: (i) in expanding than in expanded root tissues; (ii) at 25� than at 15�C. Re-aeration showed that expanded root tissues retained their capacity to take up K+ and accumulate Cl-, for at least 12 h after the root tips had lost their ability to elongate. Roots which had lost their elongation potential after 20 h of anoxia, as diagnosed by microscopic observation, still had high solute concentrations in the 1-5 mm and 10-20 mm segments from the root tip, but the 0-1 mm apices had lost 70-90% of their K+, free amino acids and soluble sugars. In contrast, solute concentrations were still high in 0-1 mm tips which had not yet lost their elongation potential. Thus, either irreversible injury of the apices is caused by sudden loss of membrane integrity, or there is another cause of death leading to rapid leakage.

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Zhang, Guangmin, Siu Chun Michael Ho, Linsheng Huo, and Junxiao Zhu. "Negative Pressure Waves Based High Resolution Leakage Localization Method Using Piezoceramic Transducers and Multiple Temporal Convolutions." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091990.

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The negative pressure wave (NPW) signals generated by a pipeline leakage often have a long signal duration. When these signals are utilized to compute the leakage position, the long signal duration will result in a large area being considered as leakage area. The localization resolution is low. A novel high-resolution localization algorithm is developed for pipeline leakage detection using piezoceramic transducers in this paper. The proposed algorithm utilizes multiple temporal convolutions to decrease the localization functional values at the points close to the leakage, in order to reduce the range of the leakage area revealed by the proposed algorithm. As a result, the localization resolution is improved. A measured experiment was conducted to study the proposed algorithm. In the experiment, the proposed algorithm was used to monitor a 55.8 m pressurized pipeline with two controllable valves and two Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) sensors. With the aid of the piezoceramic sensor, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm results in a resolution which is better than that of the traditional method.

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39

Jin-Hyeok Choi, Yingxue Xu, and T. Sakurai. "Statistical leakage current reduction in high-leakage environments using locality of block activation in time domain." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 39, no. 9 (September 2004): 1497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2004.829380.

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40

SHRIVAS, JAYRAM, SHYAM AKASHE, and NITESH TIWARI. "A HIGH-LEVEL TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF LEAKAGE POWER FOR FULL ADDER." International Journal of Nanoscience 12, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x13500117.

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Optimization of power is a very important issue in low-voltage and low-power application. In this paper, we have proposed power gating technique to reduce leakage current and leakage power of one-bit full adder. In this power gating technique, we use two sleep transistors i.e., PMOS and NMOS. PMOS sleep transistor is inserted between power supply and pull up network. And NMOS sleep transistor is inserted between pull down network and ground terminal. These sleep transistors (PMOS and NMOS) are turned on when the circuit is working in active mode. And sleep transistors (PMOS and NMOS) are turned off when circuit is working in standby mode. We have simulated one-bit full adder and compared with the power gating technique using cadence virtuoso tool in 45 nm technology at 0.7 V at 27°C. By applying this technique, we have reduced leakage current from 2.935 pA to 1.905 pA and leakage power from 25.04μw to 9.233μw. By using this technique, we have reduced leakage power up to 63.12%.

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41

Zhang, Shi Bao, and Jie Wen. "Application of High Pressure Jet Grouting Technology in Seepage Prevention of ChuLou Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.317.

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In view of the existing permeable sand layer and the leakage risk which threaten the earth dam foundation of Chulou reservoir, the high pressure jet grouting measure was applied to block leakage passage to solving the leakage problems of earth dam foundation. This paper mainly describes the high pressure jet grouting impermeable wall construction, including construction equipment, technological process, construction parameters and method, and wall quality detection. The test results show that the indexes such as wall depth, continuity, compressive strength, permeability coefficient meet the design requirements. The quality of impermeable wall is accepted.

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42

Wang, Xiaojia, Xianli Liu, Zhaoyang Jin, Jiewen Zhu, and Baosheng Jin. "Theoretical Methodology of a High-Flux Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Combustion System." Processes 6, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6120251.

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This study, as an extension of our previous experimental tests, presented a mechanism analysis of air reactor (AR) coupling in a high-flux coal-direct chemical looping combustion (CDCLC) system and provided a theoretical methodology to the system optimal design with favorable operation stability and low gas leakages. Firstly, it exhibited the dipleg flow diagrams of the CDCLC system and concluded the feasible gas–solid flow states for solid circulation and gas leakage control. On this basis, the semi-theoretical formulas of gas leakages were proposed to predict the optimal regions of the pressure gradients of the AR. Meanwhile, an empirical formula of critical sealing was also developed to identify the advent of circulation collapse so as to ensure the operation stability of the whole system. Furthermore, the theoretical methodology was applied in the condition design of the cold system. The favorable gas–solid flow behaviors together with the good control of gas leakages demonstrated the feasibility of the theoretical methodology. Finally, the theoretical methodology was adopted to carry out a capability assessment of the high-flux CDCLC system under a hot state in terms of the restraint of gas leakages and the stability of solid circulation.

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43

Sudha, D., Ch Santhirani, and Sreenivasa Rao Ijjada. "High Performance and Low Leakage 3DSOI Fin-FET SRAM." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2017.101.107.

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44

Balcerak, Ernie. "High rate of methane leakage from natural gas production." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 94, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013eo420008.

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45

Ryan, Jason Thomas, Jibin Zou, Richard Southwick, Jason Paul Campbell, Kin P. Cheung, Anthony S. Oates, and Ru Huang. "Frequency-Modulated Charge Pumping With Extremely High Gate Leakage." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 62, no. 3 (March 2015): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2015.2395956.

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46

Li, F., L. He, J. M. Basile, R. Patel, and H. Ramamurthy. "Leakage current aware high-level estimation for VLSI circuits." IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques 152, no. 6 (2005): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt:20045165.

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47

Goldenblum, A., V. Stancu, M. Buda, G. Iordache, I. Pintilie, C. Negrila, and T. Botila. "Capacitance-voltage characteristics of heterostructures with high leakage currents." Journal of Applied Physics 103, no. 5 (March 2008): 056107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2844210.

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48

NISHIMURA, Naoya, Shuji FUJII, and Kazuhiro YUASA. "CHARACTERISTICS OF FILTER LEAKAGE FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY FIBROUS FILTER." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 64, no. 515 (1999): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.64.83_1.

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Nordquist, S. E., J. W. Haslett, and F. N. Trofimenkoff. "High-temperature leakage current suppression in CMOS integrated circuits." Electronics Letters 25, no. 17 (1989): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19890761.

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50

Asai, T., and K. Shingu. "Leakage of fluid around high-volume, low-pressure cuffs." Anaesthesia 56, no. 1 (January 2001): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01718.x.

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