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Journal articles on the topic 'High level resistance to glycopeptides'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Johnson, A. P., A. H. Uttley, N. Woodford, and R. C. George. "Resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin: an emerging clinical problem." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 3, no. 3 (1990): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.3.3.280.

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Vancomycin and teicoplanin are glycopeptides active against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria. For 30 years following the discovery of vancomycin in 1956, vancomycin resistance was not detected among normally susceptible bacteria recovered from human specimens. Since 1986, however, bacteria resistant to vancomycin or teicoplanin or both have been described. Strains of the genera Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Erysipelothrix seem inherently resistant to glycopeptides. Species and strains of enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci appear to have acquired or developed

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2

Périchon, Bruno, and Patrice Courvalin. "Heterologous Expression of the Enterococcal vanA Operon in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 11 (2004): 4281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.11.4281-4285.2004.

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ABSTRACT Two methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, MI-VRSA and PA-VRSA, and Enterococcus faecalis DMC83006B, considered to be the potential donor of glycopeptide resistance to MI-VRSA, were studied. MI-VRSA is highly resistant to both glycopeptides, whereas PA-VRSA displays low-level resistance to vancomycin and reduced susceptibility to teicoplanin. We have analyzed the expression of the vanA operon in the three clinical isolates. Determination of the relative amounts of late peptidoglycan precursors and quantification of the d,d-peptidase activities, in the abs

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3

Cremniter, Julie, Jean-Luc Mainardi, Nathalie Josseaume, et al. "Novel Mechanism of Resistance to Glycopeptide Antibiotics in Enterococcus faecium." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 43 (2006): 32254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m606920200.

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Glycopeptides and β-lactams are the major antibiotics available for the treatment of infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. Emergence of cross-resistance to these drugs by a single mechanism has been considered as unlikely because they inhibit peptidoglycan polymerization by different mechanisms. The glycopeptides bind to the peptidyl-d-Ala4-d-Ala5 extremity of peptidoglycan precursors and block by steric hindrance the essential glycosyltransferase and d,d-transpeptidase activities of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). The β-lactams are structural analogues of d-Ala4-d-Ala5 and act as

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4

Klare, I., H. Heier, H. Claus, and W. Witte. "Environmental strains ofEnterococcus faeciumwith inducible high-level resistance to glycopeptides." FEMS Microbiology Letters 106, no. 1 (1993): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05930.x.

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5

Beltrametti, Fabrizio, Arianna Consolandi, Lucia Carrano, et al. "Resistance to Glycopeptide Antibiotics in the Teicoplanin Producer Is Mediated by van Gene Homologue Expression Directing the Synthesis of a Modified Cell Wall Peptidoglycan." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 4 (2007): 1135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01071-06.

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ABSTRACT Glycopeptide resistance has been studied in detail in enterococci and staphylococci. In these microorganisms, high-level resistance is achieved by replacing the C-terminal d-alanyl-d-alanine of the nascent peptidoglycan with d-alanyl-d-lactate or d-alanyl-d-serine, thus reducing the affinities of glycopeptides for cell wall targets. Reorganization of the cell wall is directed by the expression of the van gene clusters. The identification of van gene homologs in the genomes of several glycopeptide-producing actinomycetes suggests the involvement of a similar self-resistance mechanism t

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6

Marcone, Giorgia Letizia, Elisa Binda, Lucia Carrano, Mervyn Bibb, and Flavia Marinelli. "Relationship between Glycopeptide Production and Resistance in the Actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 9 (2014): 5191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02626-14.

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ABSTRACTGlycopeptides and β-lactams inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria; resistance to these antibiotics is studied intensively in enterococci and staphylococci because of their relevance to infectious disease. Much less is known about antibiotic resistance in glycopeptide-producing actinomycetes that are likely to represent the evolutionary source of resistance determinants found in bacterial pathogens.Nonomuraeasp. ATCC 39727, the producer of A40926 (the precursor for the semisynthetic dalbavancin), does not harbor the canonicalvanHAXgenes. Consequently, we in

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7

Nicolau, D. P., M. N. Marangos, C. H. Nightingale, et al. "Efficacy of vancomycin and teicoplanin alone and in combination with streptomycin in experimental, low-level vancomycin-resistant, VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 1 (1996): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.1.55.

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The efficacy of vancomycin (VM) and teicoplanin (TE), alone and in combination with streptomycin (SM), against enterococci that express low-level VanB-type VM resistance was investigated in experimental endocarditis using isogenic strains of Enterococcus faecalis susceptible to glycopeptides and aminoglycosides or inducibly resistant to low levels of VM (MIC = 16 micrograms/ml). VM was significantly less active against the resistant strain than against the susceptible strain, establishing that low-level VanB-type VM resistance can influence therapeutic efficacy. By contrast, TE had equally goo

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8

Dutka-Malen, S., B. Blaimont, G. Wauters, and P. Courvalin. "Emergence of high-level resistance to glycopeptides in Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 38, no. 7 (1994): 1675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.38.7.1675.

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9

Rosato, A., J. Pierre, D. Billot-Klein, A. Buu-Hoi, and L. Gutmann. "Inducible and constitutive expression of resistance to glycopeptides and vancomycin dependence in glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus avium." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39, no. 4 (1995): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.39.4.830.

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A clinical isolate of Enterococcus avium, Ea1, which exhibited inducible, low-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and two mutants selected from this strain, Ea3 and Ea31, were studied. Ea3 was vancomycin dependent and derived from Ea1, while Ea31 was not vancomycin dependent, was constitutively resistant, and was derived from Ea3. Hybridization studies revealed that vanA was present in Ea1 and suggested that it was located on a high-molecular-weight plasmid. In the absence of induction, Ea1 synthesized only the natural UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide precursor, and after induction it synth

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10

Hadeel, T. Al-Hadithi, and Rasheed Kithar. "Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium Isolated from Infected Wounds. Incidence of High –level Resistance to Vancomycin and Aminoglycosides." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 5, no. 1 (2018): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13891296.

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A total of fifty seven isolates of <em>Entercoccus faecalis</em> (N=42) and <em>E. faecium</em> (N=15) from infected wounds were screened for their resistance against 17 antibiotics including vancomycin. <em>E. faecalis</em> isolates demonstrated absolute resistance (100%) against eight antibiotics: chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracyclin, erythromycin, penicillin G and lincomycin. While isolates of <em>E. faecium</em> revealed absolute resistance (100%) to only three antibiotics: chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and lincomycin, yet they exhibited 80% resistance

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11

Weigel, Linda M., Rodney M. Donlan, Dong Hyeon Shin, et al. "High-Level Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Associated with a Polymicrobial Biofilm." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 1 (2006): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00576-06.

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ABSTRACT Glycopeptides such as vancomycin are the treatment of choice for infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study describes the identification of high-level vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates in a polymicrobial biofilm within an indwelling nephrostomy tube in a patient in New York. S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus species, Morganella morganii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the biofilm. For VRSA isolates, vancomycin MICs ranged from 32 to >128 μg/ml. VRSA isolates were also resistant to aminoglyc

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12

Rajan, Reena, and D. Karthikeyan. "A Study on High and Low level Drug Resistance Pattern Among Clinical Isolates of Enterococci ." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 3 (2021): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2221.

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Introduction: The combined abilities of colonisation and both inherent and acquired resistance have made Enterococci a significant human pathogen. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of various antibiotics against Enterococci and to correlate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Enterococci with low level and high level drug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 774 isolates of Enterococci obtained from various clinical samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method. T

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13

Brisson-Noel, A., S. Dutka-Malen, C. Molinas, R. Leclercq, and P. Courvalin. "Cloning and heterospecific expression of the resistance determinant vanA encoding high-level resistance to glycopeptides in Enterococcus faecium BM4147." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 34, no. 5 (1990): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.34.5.924.

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14

González-Zorn, Bruno, and Patrice Courvalin. "vanA -mediated high level glycopeptide resistance in MRSA." Lancet Infectious Diseases 3, no. 2 (2003): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00510-3.

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15

Chechet, O. M., V. L. Kovalenko, O. I. Horbatyuk, et al. "On sensitivity to antibacterial preparations of strains of Bacillus spp. with a high level of antagonistic activity for the production of probiotics." Animal Biology 25, no. 2 (2023): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.02.023.

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The development of organic livestock farming, in particular poultry farming, which Ukraine is targeting, requires a radical change in approaches to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The macroorganism and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract constitute a single ecological system with homeostatic balance. However, its violation creates a threat of an imbalance of intestinal normal flora and the development of diseases of bacterial etiology in poultry. Considering this, there is a growing need for the development and use of probiotic preparations. The high antagonistic pote

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16

Lafaurie, Matthieu, Bruno Perichon, Agnes Lefort, Claude Carbon, Patrice Courvalin, and Bruno Fantin. "Consequences of VanE-Type Resistance on Efficacy of Glycopeptides In Vitro and in Experimental Endocarditis Due toEnterococcus faecalis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 10 (2001): 2826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.10.2826-2830.2001.

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ABSTRACT The consequences on glycopeptide activity of low-level resistance to vancomycin due to VanE-type resistance were evaluated in vitro and in experimental endocarditis caused byEnterococcus faecalis BM4405 (MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin: 16 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively), its susceptible derivative BM4405-1, and susceptible E. faecalis JH2-2. After 24 h of incubation, vancomycin at 8 μg/ml was not active against E. faecalis BM4405 whereas it was bacteriostatic against strains BM4405-1 and JH2-2. Against all three strains, vancomycin at 30 μg/ml and teicoplanin at 8 or 30 μg/ml were ba

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17

Klare, I., H. Heier, H. Claus, R. Reissbrodt, and W. Witte. "vanA-mediated high-level glycopeptide resistance inEnterococcus faeciumfrom animal husbandry." FEMS Microbiology Letters 125, no. 2-3 (1995): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07353.x.

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18

Łuczkiewicz, A., K. Jankowska, J. Kurlenda, and K. Olańczuk-Neyman. "Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from surface water." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 2 (2010): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.909.

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In the study species distributions and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined among riverine Enterococcus spp. Susceptibility of the isolates was tested against: ampicillin, imipenem, teicoplanin, vancomycin, erythromycin, linezolid, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracycline, high levels of gentamicin and streptomycin. The enterococci were detected in all of the analyzed water samples, periodically exceeding the mandatory standards of the EU Bathing Water Directive. Isolates were predominantly E. faecium (68.6%) and E. faecalis (21.6%) strains. The remainin

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19

Stogios, Peter, Djalal Meziane-Cherif, Elena Evdokimova, Patrice Courvalin, and Alexei Savchenko. "Structural basis for the evolution of vancomycin resistance D,D-peptidases." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092845.

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Emergence of high-level resistance to the last resort glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in Enterococcus spp. and its spread to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a public health threat. Resistance to vancomycin is due to substitution of the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of cell wall precursors, which forms the antibiotic target, by D-Ala-D-Lac or D-Ala-D-Ser of low binding affinities. Resistance also requires depletion of the normal precursors catalyzed by the zinc-dependent D,D-peptidases VanX and VanY acting on dipeptide (D-Ala-D-Ala) or pentapeptide (UDP-MurNac-L-Ala-D-γ-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala

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20

Bartoloni, Alessandro, Stefania Stefani, Antonia Mantella, et al. "High-level aminoglycoside resistance and glycopeptide resistance among enterococci isolated from blood cultures, 1990-95." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 3, no. 3 (1997): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00635.x.

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21

Buddle, Jessica E., Lucy M. Thompson, Anne S. Williams, et al. "Identification of pathways to high-level vancomycin resistance in Clostridioides difficile that incur high fitness costs in key pathogenicity traits." PLOS Biology 22, no. 8 (2024): e3002741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002741.

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Clostridioides difficile is an important human pathogen, for which there are very limited treatment options, primarily the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. In recent years, vancomycin resistance has emerged as a serious problem in several gram-positive pathogens, but high-level resistance has yet to be reported for C. difficile, although it is not known if this is due to constraints upon resistance evolution in this species. Here, we show that resistance to vancomycin can evolve rapidly under ramping selection but is accompanied by fitness costs and pleiotropic trade-offs, including sporula

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22

Luczkiewicz, A., K. Jankowska, R. Bray, et al. "Antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators in disinfected wastewater." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 12 (2011): 2352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.769.

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The main objective of the study was to assess the potential of three systems (UV irradiation, ozonation, and micro/ultrafiltration) operated in a pilot scale in removal of antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria from secondary effluent of the local wastewater treatment plant (700,000 population equivalent). The effectiveness of the processes was analysed using the removal ratio of fecal indicators (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.). The susceptibility of fecal indicators to antimicrobial agents important in human therapy was examined. Resistance to nitrofurantoin and erythromycin was comm

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23

Popova, Valentina P., Mariya P. Sredkova, Hristina H. Hitkova, Kaloyan T. Ivanov, and Vladimir G. Popov. "Multidrug Resistance Among Enterococci at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern Bulgaria." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 6, no. 1 (2013): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0097.

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Summary Multidrug-resistant (MDR) enterococci are a growing threat. The aim of this study was to determine the species distribution and prevalence of multidrug resistance among 100 enterococcal strains, isolated from patients treated in the University Hospital in Pleven, Bulgaria. Susceptibility to 11 antimicrobial agents was determined, using the disc diffusion method according to the performance standards of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLS1), 2012. All isolates were screened for high-level aminoglycoside resistance and resistance to vancomycin according to the recommendations of

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Tonko, O. V., N. D. Kolomiets, O. N. Hanenko, N. N. Levshina, and A. V. Goylova. "The practice of microbiological monitoring of the dynamics antibiotics resistance for Infection prevention and control program." Medical Almanac, no. 3-4 (October 14, 2019): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-80-85.

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In the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of various types of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, including enterobacteria, resistant to carbapenems and multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. аureus resistant to betalactam antibiotics and glycopeptides. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in healthcare organizations in Minsk. To compare the structure and resistance of microorganisms, the data obtained in the study of isolates isolated from the blood of patients from anesthesio

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25

Yazgi, H., M. Ertek, S. Erol, and A. Ayyildiz. "A Comparison of High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Vancomycin-Sensitive and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Species." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 5 (2002): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000510.

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference in high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) between vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Vancomycin resistance was determined in 116 Enterococcus isolates using brain-heart infusion agar containing 6 μg/ml vancomycin. HLAR was determined by both standard agar screening and disk diffusion methods. Streptomycin and gentamicin were used as predictors of HLAR. Vancomycin resistance and HLAR were found in 17 (14.7%) and 41 (35.3%) of the Enterococcus strains, respecti

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26

Man, A., P. E. Muntean, and Anca Mare. "Etiology of Bacteremic Syndromes and Bacterial Susceptibility of Blood Culture Isolates in a Romanian County Hospital." Acta Medica Marisiensis 60, no. 3 (2014): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2014-0018.

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Abstract Aim: To present the etiology of bacteremic syndromes and antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates from a Romanian county hospital, as well as their distribution within different wards. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the blood culture data collected from patients hospitalized in the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Tirgu Mures over a period of two years. We followed aspects regarding the identified bacterial species, their distribution by sex, age groups and wards, the spectrum of resistance to antibiotics and main resistance phenotypes. Results: Most positive sam

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27

Sayani Bose, Rituparna De, Paulami Palchowdhury, and Anirban Bhaduri. "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus – a study on its prevalence from different clinical samples in a rural medical college hospital." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 16, no. 1 (2025): 67–71. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v16i1.4292.

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Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an important cause of nosocomial infection with Enterococcus faecium causing most of the VRE infections. Widespread use of glycopeptides in health care facilities has led to the development of VRE and enterococcal infections with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactamase production and glycopeptide (including vancomycin) resistance are difficult to treat and often pose a therapeutic challenge to health care facilities. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus sp

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28

Marcone, Giorgia Letizia, Fabrizio Beltrametti, Elisa Binda, et al. "Novel Mechanism of Glycopeptide Resistance in the A40926 Producer Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 6 (2010): 2465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00106-10.

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ABSTRACT In glycopeptide-resistant enterococci and staphylococci, high-level resistance is achieved by replacing the C-terminal d-alanyl-d-alanine of lipid II with d-alanyl-d-lactate, thus reducing glycopeptide affinity for cell wall targets. Reorganization of the cell wall in these organisms is directed by the vanHAX gene cluster. Similar self-resistance mechanisms have been reported for glycopeptide-producing actinomycetes. We investigated glycopeptide resistance in Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727, the producer of the glycopeptide A40926, which is the precursor of the semisynthetic antibiotic dalb

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29

A. G., Tyokusa,, and Hwande, N. S. "A Comparative Assessment of Bacteria Associated with Fried and Dry-Smoked Fish in Some Locations in Makurdi, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. V (2024): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.905043.

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Thirty-two samples of fried and smoked fish were collected from four different locations (Watada, High-level, North bank and Wurukum) in Makurdi. Serial dilutions were prepared and appropriate dilutions inoculated onto Nutrient and Salmonella/Shigella agar. The bacterial load of the samples was determined and the colony forming unit per gramme (cfu/g) of fried fish samples ranged from 2.0×108 to 3.8×108 cfu/g while that of dried fish samples ranged from 4.3×108 to 7.8×108 cfu/g indicating that the dried fish samples were more contaminated. A total of 9 bacterila species were isolated from the

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30

Marshall, C. G., I. A. D. Lessard, I. S. Park, and G. D. Wright. "Glycopeptide Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Glycopeptide-Producing Organisms." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 9 (1998): 2215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.9.2215.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism of high-level resistance to vancomycin in enterococci consists of the synthesis of peptidoglycan terminating ind-alanyl-d-lactate instead of the usuald-alanyl-d-alanine. This alternate cell wall biosynthesis pathway is ensured by the collective actions of three enzymes: VanH, VanA, and VanX. The origin of this resistance mechanism is unknown. We have cloned three genes encoding homologs of VanH, VanA, and VanX from two organisms which produce glycopeptide antibiotics: the A47934 producer Streptomyces toyocaensis NRRL 15009 and the vancomycin producer Amycolatopsis orient

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Bogut, Agnieszka, Patrycja Mrozik, Gabriela Czaja, and Malgorzata Stawecka-Hamerla. "Analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically significant enterococci isolated in the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Lublin, Poland." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 34, no. 4 (2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2021-0032.

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Abstract The increasing significance of enterococci as healthcare-associated pathogens can be linked to their limited susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of 35 [n=18 E. faecium (Efm); n=17 E. faecalis (Efs)] invasive isolates cultured from hospitalized patients were analysed. Phenotypic identification was verified by the multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rDNA and the ddl genes encoding for the Efs and Efm – specific ligases. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method and E-tests. The high-level streptomycin r

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32

Sowjanya, B. "A Review article on Staphylococcus haemolyticus." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 13, no. 02 (2025): 1329–34. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v13i02.mp03.

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Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a newly-associated OPP which is a major concern to the immunocompromised patients. The key points from the search results are: The key points from the search results are: Thus, S. haemolyticus can attach and penetrate the primary human skin fibroblast cells with an emerge in cytotoxicity and additional level of apoptosis. It possesses seem to encode factors of virulence that cause enterotoxins and alpha-hemolysin. S. haemolyticus is the second, or third if S. epidermidis is considered, among the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus most frequently isolated from clin

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Marshall, C. Gary, and Gerard D. Wright. "DdlN from Vancomycin-Producing Amycolatopsis orientalis C329.2 Is a VanA Homologue withd-Alanyl-d-Lactate Ligase Activity." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 21 (1998): 5792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.21.5792-5795.1998.

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ABSTRACT Vancomycin-resistant enterococci acquire high-level resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics through the synthesis of peptidoglycan terminating in d-alanyl-d-lactate. A key enzyme in this process is a d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase homologue, VanA or VanB, which preferentially catalyzes the synthesis of the depsipeptide d-alanyl-d-lactate. We report the overexpression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of DdlN, a VanA and VanB homologue encoded by a gene of the vancomycin-producing organism Amycolatopsis orientalisC329.2. Evaluation of kinetic parameters for the synthesis of pepti

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34

Mukasheva, G. D., S. B. Maukayeva, N. K. Kudaibergenova, et al. "ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TO VARIOUS CLINICAL BIOMATERIALS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Наука и здравоохранение, no. 2(27) (April 30, 2025): 70–77. https://doi.org/10.34689/sh.2025.27.2.009.

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Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing global health challenges, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen associated with various infections. The growing resistance of S. aureus to traditional antibiotics, especially penicillin and ampicillin, poses a significant threat to effective treatment strategies. In clinical practice, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, particularly beta-lactams, has led to the emergence of resistant strains, necessitating continuous monitoring of resistance patterns. This study is aimed at evaluating the antibiotic resistanc

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35

Lysitsas, Marios, Eleftherios Triantafillou, Ioannis Tzavaras, et al. "Isolation of a Multidrug-Resistant vanA-Positive Enterococcus faecium Strain from a Canine Clinical Sample in Greece." Microbiology Research 14, no. 2 (2023): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14020042.

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An Enterococcus faecium strain was obtained from a paraprostatic cyst of a 17-year-old dog in Greece. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was accomplished by disc diffusion and MIC methods, and the isolate demonstrated a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype against a great variety of antibiotics, such as β-Lactams, Quinolones, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Rifampin, Nitrofurantoin, and surprisingly, Glycopeptides, Fosfomycin and Gentamicin (high-level). Molecular screening for Vancomycin resistance genes was carried out, and a vanA gene cluster was identified. To our knowledge, this is the fir

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Rizvi, Meher, Fatima Khan, Indu Shukla, and Abida Malik. "Rising Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy: Necessity for Exploring Newer Treatment Options." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 3, no. 02 (2011): 098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.86842.

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ABSTRACT Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. The emergence of drug resistance and particularly the Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production by Escherichia coli and methicillin resistance in Staphylococci, limits the choice of antimicrobials. Materials and Methods: Patients in different stages of pregnancy with or without symptoms of urinary tract infection attending the antenatal clinic of obstetrics and gynaecology were screened for significant bacteriuria, by standard loop method on 5% sheep blood agar and teepol lactos

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Schell, Celia María, Víctor Sebastián Blancato, Ruth Jésica Carbone, María Josefina Mauro, Vanina Torres, and Christian Magni. "Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Hospitalized Patients Using a One-Health Approach." Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases 15, no. 2 (2024): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2024/v15i2330.

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Aims: The surveillance and investigation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in nosocomial pathogens such as Enterococcus spp. have not been adequately prioritized within health institutions, especially in the context of COVID-19. The objective of this work was to conduct an epidemiological and molecular study in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from hospitalized patients using a "One Health" approach in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional study was designed. All strains were isolated f

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Edmiston, Charles E. "Vancomycin Resistance: When Failure Becomes an Opportunity for Leadership." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 6 (1996): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000619.

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Objective To discuss the emergence of the enterococci as significant nosocomial pathogens and reports of glycopeptide resistance as demonstrating the failure of healthcare professionals to limit the clinical impact of these organisms. Background The enterococci have long occupied a peculiar position in medical and surgical patients. A component of the normal gastrointestinal tract, these organisms exhibit little overt pathogenicity in healthy hosts, but are frequently recovered in patients with severe debilitative or immunosuppresive disorders. While the enterococci have always demonstrated in

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Hasman, Henrik, Isabelle Kempf, Bï¿½rangï¿½re Chidaine, et al. "Copper Resistance in Enterococcus faecium, Mediated by the tcrB Gene, Is Selected by Supplementation of Pig Feed with Copper Sulfate." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (2006): 5784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02979-05.

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ABSTRACT The tcr gene cluster mediates in vitro copper resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Here we describe the selection of tcr-mediated copper resistance in E. faecium in an animal feeding experiment with young pigs fed 175 mg copper/kg feed (ppm), which is the concentration commonly used for piglets in European pig production. tcr-mediated copper resistance was not selected for in a control group fed low levels of copper (6 ppm). We also show coselection of macrolide- and glycopeptide-resistant E. faecium in the animal group fed the high level of copper. Finally, we identify the tcr genes i

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Carias, Lenore L., Susan D. Rudin, Curtis J. Donskey, and Louis B. Rice. "Genetic Linkage and Cotransfer of a Novel,vanB-Containing Transposon (Tn5382) and a Low-Affinity Penicillin-Binding Protein 5 Gene in a Clinical Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolate." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 17 (1998): 4426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.17.4426-4434.1998.

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ABSTRACT Mechanisms for the intercellular transfer of VanB-type vancomycin resistance determinants and for the almost universal association of these determinants with those for high-level ampicillin resistance remain poorly defined. We report the discovery of Tn5382, a ca. 27-kb putative transposon encoding VanB-type glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Open reading frames internal to the right end of Tn5382 and downstream of thevanX B dipeptidase gene exhibit significant homology to genes encoding the excisase and integrase of conjugative transposon Tn916. The ends of Tn5382 are a

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Ghita, Aurelian Mihai, Daniela Adriana Iliescu, Ana Cristina Ghita, and Larisa Adriana Ilie. "Susceptibility of Ocular Surface Bacteria to Various Antibiotic Agents in a Romanian Ophthalmology Clinic." Diagnostics 13, no. 22 (2023): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223409.

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Periodic assessment of bacterial contamination is necessary as it allows proper guidance in cases of eye infections through the use of appropriate antibiotics. Due to the extensive use of antibiotic treatment, many strains of the microbiota that cause infections are resistant to the usual ophthalmic antibiotics. The present study provides an updated assessment of the susceptibility of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the ocular surface to the most commonly used antibiotic agents in patients undergoing cataract surgery. A total of 993 patients were included in the study with ag

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Yangzom, Tsering, and T. Shanti Kumar Singh. "Study of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus species and evaluation of a rapid spot test for enterococci from Central Referral Hospital, Sikkim, India." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 11, no. 03 (2019): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_5_19.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Enterococcus is an important pathogen, and with its emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobials, the management of infection is becoming increasingly difficult. AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and risk factors associated with enterococcal infection or colonization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, samples from inpatients were screened for resistant enterococci. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration by the agar dilution meth

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Colín-Castro, Claudia Adriana, Jossue Mizael Ortiz-Álvarez, Cindy Fabiola Hernández-Pérez, et al. "Myroides species, pathogenic spectrum and clinical microbiology sight in Mexican isolates." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0310262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310262.

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Introduction Myroides is a bacterial genus of opportunistic bacteria responsible for diverse infections including in the skin and soft tissues, urinary tract, cardiovascular system, and bacteremia, although the incidence of its reported infections is low, it is increasing, likely due the use of better bacterial identification methods, but also perhaps due an increase in its prevalence. In addition, their pathogenic role is limited in terms of reporting their microbial physiology, so the present work provides information in this regard in addition to the information that is available in the int

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Jensen, Lars Bogø, Peter Ahrens, Lone Dons, Ronald N. Jones, Anette M. Hammerum, and Frank Møller Aarestrup. "Molecular Analysis of Tn1546 inEnterococcus faecium Isolated from Animals and Humans." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 2 (1998): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.437-442.1998.

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The internal areas and the position of integration of the glycopeptide resistance element Tn1546 were characterized by using PCR fragment length polymorphism, sequencing, and DNA hybridization techniques with 38 high-level vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates of human and animal origins from Europe and the United States. Only minor variations in the coding regions within Tn1546 were found, suggesting high genetic stability. The isolates originated from broilers (n = 5), a chicken (n = 1), a duck (n = 1), a turkey (n = 1), pigs (n = 8), a pony (n = 1), and humans (n = 23). A total

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KLARE, I., H. HEIER, H. CLAUS, et al. "Enterococcus faeciumStrains withvanA-Mediated High-Level Glycopeptide Resistance Isolated from Animal Foodstuffs and Fecal Samples of Humans in the Community." Microbial Drug Resistance 1, no. 3 (1995): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mdr.1995.1.265.

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Stetsko, T. I., V. P. Muzyka, and V. M. Hunchak. "Critically important antimicrobial preparations for veterinary medicine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 87 (2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8704.

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The resistance of microorganisms, bacterial pathogens, to antimicrobials is a global problem in both healthcare and veterinary medicine. It is believed that the main reason for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in humans is the transfer of antibiotic resistant strains of microorganisms or genes, determinants of resistance, through products of animal origin from productive animals to humans. Thus, the main way of antimicrobial resistance containment is to restrain and minimize it through the prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine, especially those that are critical

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Tarrah, Armin, Shadi Pakroo, Viviana Corich, and Alessio Giacomini. "Identification and Transferability of Tetracycline Resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus during Milk Fermentation, Storage, and Gastrointestinal Transit." Fermentation 7, no. 2 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020065.

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The existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food products, particularly those carrying acquired resistance genes, has increased concerns about the transmission of these genes from beneficial microbes to human pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the antibiotic resistance-susceptibility patterns of 16 antibiotics in eight S. thermophilus strains, whose genome sequence is available, using phenotypic and genomic approaches. The minimal inhibitory concentration values collected revealed intermediate resistance to aminoglycosides, whereas susceptibility was detected for different classes of

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Richter, Sandra S., Daniel J. Diekema, Kristopher P. Heilmann, et al. "Activities of Vancomycin, Ceftaroline, and Mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Collected in a 2011 National Surveillance Study in the United States." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 2 (2013): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01915-13.

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ABSTRACTForty-two medical centers from throughout the United States participating in a longitudinal surveillance program were asked to submit 100 consecutiveStaphylococcus aureusisolates during July to December 2011. Susceptibility testing using CLSI broth microdilution andmecAdetection by PCR analysis was performed on the 4,131 isolates collected. Methods employing Etest glycopeptide resistance detection (GRD; bioMérieux) and brain heart infusion agar containing 4 μg/ml vancomycin (BHIV) were used to screen methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) isolates for heterogeneous intermediate-level res

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Karna, Aasish, Ratna Baral, and Basudha Khanal. "Characterization of Clinical Isolates ofEnterococciwith Special Reference to Glycopeptide Susceptibility at a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal." International Journal of Microbiology 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7936156.

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Background. Enterococci, once considered as a harmless commensal of intestine, have now emerged as medically important pathogens and are associated with both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. They bear the potential to exhibit resistance against all commonly used antibiotics either by inherent or acquired mechanism, posing a therapeutic challenge.Objectives. This study aimed to characterize enterococci up to the species level and study their antibiogram with special regard to vancomycin.Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, B.

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Djuric, Olivera, Snezana Jovanovic, Branka Stosovic, Tanja Tosic, Milica Jovanovic, and Ljiljana Markovic-Denic. "Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 12 (2016): 1325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7695.

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Introduction: We aimed to report the distribution and resistance patterns of eight invasive clinically relevant bacteria surveyed in the Clinical Center of Serbia (CCS) in Belgrade. Methodology: A total of 477 clinical blood stream isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. were collected in the period from January to December 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard methods and interpreted using the Clinical and L

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