Academic literature on the topic 'High Order Displacement Field'
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Journal articles on the topic "High Order Displacement Field"
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Machida, Kenji, and Yoshimasa Suzuki. "Examination of Accuracy of the Singular Stress Field Near a Crack-Tip by Digital Image Correlation." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.32.
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Displacements obtained experimentally normally are including errors that make it impossible to extract stresses strains with high accuracy using the raw displacement data. In the infinitesimal deformation within the elastic region of a steel or an aluminum alloy, the quantity of displacement is less than 1 pixel, and analysis accuracy deteriorates. We have developed a system which employs the 2-D intelligent hybrid method and can analyze the displacement more exactly in the sub-pixel field. By using the Newton-Raphson method in conjunction with 2nd order deformation gradients, it is demonstrated that this method can accurately extract stress intensity factors from a set of measured displacements.
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Taoutioui, Abdelmalek, and Hicham Agueny. "Femtosecond Single Cycle Pulses Enhanced the Efficiency of High Order Harmonic Generation." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (2021): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060610.
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High-order harmonic generation is a nonlinear process that converts the gained energy during light-matter interaction into high-frequency radiation, thus resulting in the generation of coherent attosecond pulses in the XUV and soft x-ray regions. Here, we propose a control scheme for enhancing the efficiency of HHG process induced by an intense near-infrared (NIR) multi-cycle laser pulse. The scheme is based on introducing an infrared (IR) single-cycle pulse and exploiting its characteristic feature that manifests by a non-zero displacement effect to generate high-photon energy. The proposed scenario is numerically implemented on the basis of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In particular, we show that the combined pulses allow one to produce high-energy plateaus and that the harmonic cutoff is extended by a factor of 3 compared to the case with the NIR pulse alone. The emerged high-energy plateaus is understood as a result of a vast momentum transfer from the single-cycle field to the ionized electrons while travelling in the NIR field, thus leading to high-momentum electron recollisions. We also identify the role of the IR single-cycle field for controlling the directionality of the emitted electrons via the IR-field induced electron displacement effect. We further show that the emerged plateaus can be controlled by varying the relative carrier-envelope phase between the two pulses as well as the wavelengths. Our findings pave the way for an efficient control of light-matter interaction with the use of assisting femtosecond single-cycle fields.
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Wang, Ya-Qiong, Shao-Bing Zhang, Long-Long Chen, Yong-Li Xie, and Zhi-Feng Wang. "Field monitoring on deformation of high rock slope during highway construction: A case study in Wenzhou, China." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 12 (2019): 155014771989595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719895953.
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In order to study the deformation stability of rock slope during the excavation of cutting slope and ensure the safety of rock slope during construction and operation period, this article analyzed the deformation law of a typical slope excavation by monitoring the surface deformation and the internal displacement of the rock mass. The surface deformation of the slope is monitored by setting monitoring points, and the internal deformation of the slope is monitored by installing multipoint displacement meters and inclinometers. Therefore, the relationship between slope excavation and deformation is obtained. The analysis of monitoring results shows that the slope is stable before excavation, and the displacement of the slope is gradually increased with the slope excavation. After the excavation, the displacement of each slope tends to converge. The maximum displacement in surface monitoring points is 12.30 mm, and the displacement parallels to the direction of the expressway. The maximum vertical displacement in surface monitoring points is 10.60 mm which occurred in the third step; the maximum internal displacement is 11.02 mm which mainly occurs in the weak structural plane of the rock boundary. During the excavation of the weak rock slope, the slope rock mass is prone to large displacement deformation. After the excavation, the slope surface displacement and internal displacement tend to converge in a short time.
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Felippa, Carlos A. "The Extended Free Formulation of Finite Elements in Linear Elasticity." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 3 (1989): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176135.
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The free formulation of Bergan and Nyga˚rd (1984) has been successfully used in the construction of high-performance finite elements for linear and nonlinear structural analysis. In its original form the formulation combines nonconforming internal displacement assumptions with a specialized version of the patch test. The original formulation is limited, however, by strict invertibility conditions linking the assumed displacement field to the nodal displacements. The present paper lifts those restrictions by recasting the free formulation within the framework of a mixed-hybrid functional that allows internal stresses, internal displacements, and boundary displacements to vary independently. This functional contains a free parameter and includes the potential energy and the Hellinger-Reissner principles as special cases. The parameter appears in the higher-order stiffness of the element equations.
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Okada, H., H. Rajiyah, and S. N. Atluri. "A Novel Displacement Gradient Boundary Element Method for Elastic Stress Analysis With High Accuracy." Journal of Applied Mechanics 55, no. 4 (1988): 786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173723.
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The boundary element method (BEM) in current usage, is based on the displacement boundary integral equation. The current practice of computing stresses in the BEM involves the use of a two-tier approach: (i) numerical differentiation of the displacement field at the boundary, and (ii) analytical differentiation of the displacement integral equation at the source point in the interior. A new direct integral equation for the displacement gradient is proposed here, to obviate this two-tier approach. The new direct boundary integral equation for displacement gradients has a lower order singularity than in the standard formulation, and is quite tractable from a numerical view point. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the advantages of the present approach.
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Guan, Kai Sen, Yu He Li, Yan Xiang Chen, and Yong Rong Qiu. "A Novel Optical Fiber Displacement Measurement System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.684.
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In order to meet the displacement measurement’s need for high precision and large measuring range, a novel design of optical fiber displacement system is proposed. Optical fiber is applied to the displacement measurement field with its simple structure, light weight, cheap cost and high precision. A displacement measurement model based on transmissive optical fiber is established, and theoretical calculation and simulation are conducted to verify the accuracy of the model. Displacement measuring experiments are completed and the results show that the transmissive optical fiber displacement measurement system has high measuring accuracy with the relative error less than 0.2% over a large range.
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Mikhaylenko, Andrey, Natalie Rauter, Nanda Kishore Bellam Bellam Muralidhar, Tilmann Barth, Dirk A. Lorenz, and Rolf Lammering. "Numerical Analysis of the Main Wave Propagation Characteristics in a Steel-CFRP Laminate Including Model Order Reduction." Acoustics 4, no. 3 (2022): 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics4030032.
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Guided ultrasonic waves are suitable for use in the context of structural health monitoring of thin-walled, plate-like structures. Hence, observing the wave propagation in the plates can provide an indication of whether damage has occurred in the structure. In this work, the wave propagation in fiber metal laminate consisting of thin steel foils and layers of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer is studied, focusing on the main propagation characteristics like dispersion diagrams and displacement fields. For this purpose, the dispersion diagrams derived from the analytical framework and numerical simulations are first determined and compared to each other. Next, the displacement fields are computed using the global matrix method for two excitation frequencies. The results derived from the analytical framework is used to validate the numerically determined displacement fields based on a 2D and a 3D modeling approach. For both investigations the results of the analytical treatment and the numerical simulation show good agreement. Furthermore, the displacement field reveals the typical and well-known characteristics of the propagation of guided waves in thin-walled structures. Since the use of full 3D models involves a very high computational cost, this work also successfully investigates the possibility for model order reduction to decrease the computational time and costs of the simulation without the loss of accuracy.
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Guo, Qi Feng, Fen Hua Ren, and Zhao Cai Zhang. "Stabality Analysis of Deep Roadway Based on Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behaviors." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2564.
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In order to research the stability of excavation in deep mines under high ground stress, high rock temperature and high karst hydraulic, the interaction of stress field, seepage field and temperature field are discussed through basic constitutive relation, seepage equation, thermometer equation and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical equation. A numerical model was built to simulate the excavation of deep roadway. The result shows that the simulated ground stress based on three fields coupled is much closer to the field measured value and the change of stress and displacement caused by the excavation are limited which is about same as the later monitoring.
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Wang, Changsheng, Xiaoxiao Sun, Xiangkui Zhang, and Ping Hu. "High-order quasi-conforming triangular Reissner-Mindlin plate element." Engineering Computations 35, no. 8 (2018): 2722–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2017-0446.
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PurposeA higher-order Reissner-Mindlin plate element method is presented based on the framework of assumed stress quasi-conforming method and Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. A novel six-node triangular plate element is proposed by utilizing this method for the static and free vibration analysis of Reissner-Mindlin plates.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the initial assumed stress field is derived by using the fundamental analytical solutions which satisfy all governing equations. Then the stress matrix is treated as the weighted function to weaken the strain-displacement equations after the strains are derived by using the constitutive equations. Finally, the arbitrary order Timoshenko beam function is adopted as the string-net functions along each side of the element for strain integration.FindingsThe proposed element can pass patch test and is free from shear locking and spurious zero energy modes. Numerical tests show that the element can give high-accurate solutions, good convergence and is a good competitor to other models.Originality/valueThis work gives new formulations to develop high-order Reissner-Mindlin plate element, and the new strategy exhibits advantages of both analytical and discrete methods.
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Li, Peng Fei, Yuan Yuan, and Hong Zhao Liu. "Beam Element Considering the Warping Effect of Cross Section in Large Displacement Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.958.
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A simple two-dimensional shear deformable finite beam element is developed in order to examine the effect of the high order interpolation on the modes of deformation of the beam cross section using the ANCF finite element. The new element allows for effect of warping that cannot be captured using previously introduced ANCF beam elements, and relaxes the assumption of planar cross section. The displacement field of the new element is assumed to be cubic in the axial direction and quadratic in the transverse direction. Using this displacement field, new shape functions are formulated and include the quadratic of the transverse direction instead of the linear expression. The displacement gradient and transverse strain component obtained using the new higher order element are introduced. Numerical example is presented in order to compare the results obtained using the new finite element and the results obtained using previously developed ANCF finite element. The results reveal that the cross section remains as a curve surface not a planar one.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "High Order Displacement Field"
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Chee, Clinton Yat Kuan. "STATIC SHAPE CONTROL OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE SMART STRUCTURE USING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS ©." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/709.
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The application of static shape control was investigated in this thesis particularly for a composite plate configuration using piezoelectric actuators. A new electro-mechanically coupled mathematical model was developed for the analysis and is based on a third order displacement field coupled with a layerwise electric potential concept. This formulation, TODL, is then implemented into a finite element program. The mathematical model represents an improvement over existing formulations used to model intelligent structures using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. The reason is TODL does not only account for the electro-mechanical coupling within the adaptive material, it also accounts for the full structural coupling in the entire structure due to the piezoelectric material being attached to the host structure. The other significant improvement of TODL is that it is applicable to structures which are relatively thick whereas existing models are based on thin beam / plate theories. Consequently, transverse shearing effects are automatically accounted for in TODL and unlike first order shear deformation theories, shear correction factors are not required. The second major section of this thesis uses the TODL formulation in static shape control. Shape control is defined here as the determination of shape control parameters, including actuation voltage and actuator orientation configuration, such that the structure that is activated using these parameters will conform as close as possible to the desired shape. Several shape control strategies and consequently algorithms were developed here. Initial investigations in shape control has revealed many interesting issues which have been used in later investigations to improve shape controllability and also led to the development of improved algorithms. For instance, the use of discrete actuator patches has led to greater shape controllability and the use of slopes and curvatures as additional control criteria have resulted in significant reduction in internal stresses. The significance of optimizing actuator orientation and its relation to piezoelectric anisotropy in improving shape controllability has also been presented. Thus the major facets of shape control has been brought together and the algorithms developed here represent a comprehensive strategy to perform static shape control.
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Chee, Clinton Yat Kuan. "STATIC SHAPE CONTROL OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE SMART STRUCTURE USING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS �." University of Sydney. Aeronautical Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/709.
Full textAbstract:
The application of static shape control was investigated in this thesis particularly for a composite plate configuration using piezoelectric actuators. A new electro-mechanically coupled mathematical model was developed for the analysis and is based on a third order displacement field coupled with a layerwise electric potential concept. This formulation, TODL, is then implemented into a finite element program. The mathematical model represents an improvement over existing formulations used to model intelligent structures using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. The reason is TODL does not only account for the electro-mechanical coupling within the adaptive material, it also accounts for the full structural coupling in the entire structure due to the piezoelectric material being attached to the host structure. The other significant improvement of TODL is that it is applicable to structures which are relatively thick whereas existing models are based on thin beam / plate theories. Consequently, transverse shearing effects are automatically accounted for in TODL and unlike first order shear deformation theories, shear correction factors are not required. The second major section of this thesis uses the TODL formulation in static shape control. Shape control is defined here as the determination of shape control parameters, including actuation voltage and actuator orientation configuration, such that the structure that is activated using these parameters will conform as close as possible to the desired shape. Several shape control strategies and consequently algorithms were developed here. Initial investigations in shape control has revealed many interesting issues which have been used in later investigations to improve shape controllability and also led to the development of improved algorithms. For instance, the use of discrete actuator patches has led to greater shape controllability and the use of slopes and curvatures as additional control criteria have resulted in significant reduction in internal stresses. The significance of optimizing actuator orientation and its relation to piezoelectric anisotropy in improving shape controllability has also been presented. Thus the major facets of shape control has been brought together and the algorithms developed here represent a comprehensive strategy to perform static shape control.
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JIMENEZ, HERNAN RENATO GAVILANES. "ANALYSIS OF THE DISPLACEMENT FIELD IN THE STABILITY OF HIGH-RISE MINING SLOPES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1250@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>A avaliação da estabilidade do talude da Mina Robert
(Canadá) é feita através do campo de deslocamentos de
marcos superficiais e subsuperficiais e possíveis
mecanismos de ruptura obtidos a partir da análise tensão-
deformação usando-se o programa computacional FLAC (V.
3.30). Adotando-se o emprego dos modelos constitutivos
elástico perfeitamente plástico e elasto-plástico com
amolecimento, são calculados o fator de segurança e a
porcentagem da região de plastificação, e são definidas as
características de comportamento cinemático do talude sob
condições de carregamento gravitacional.
Apresenta-se um estudo de sensibilidade considerando-se
tensões cisalhantes e deslocamentos acumulados em função da
variação dos parâmetros do maciço rochoso e da inclinação
do talude, além de se analisar fatores associados à
definição dos mecanismos de ruptura em termos de tensão-
deformação.
Finalmente, são apresentadas as comparações entre os
fatores de segurança calculados em função dos resultados da
simulação numérica (FLAC) e os fatores de segurança
calculados por equilíbrio limite considerando-se as
superfícies potenciais de ruptura provenientes da modelagem
computacional.<br>The evaluation of the stability of the Robert Pit Mine
(Canada) is made through the field of
displacements of superficial and ground marks and possible
rupture mechanisms obtained
from the results of tension-deformation analysis by using
the program computational FLAC
(V. 3.30). Two constitutive models, the elastic perfectly
plastic model and elastic-plastic with
strain softening model, are used for the determination of
safety's factor and plastification area.
This work also defines the characteristics of cinematic
behavior of the rock slope under
gravitat ional condit ions.
A sensibility study is realized considering shear stress
and displacements in function of the
variation of the rock parameters and of the inclination of
the slope. The analysis of the factors
associated to the definition of the rupture mechanisms in
tension-deformation terms is also
done.
Finally, the comparisons are presented among safety's
factors calculated in function of the
results of the numerical analysis (FLAC) and safety's
factors calculated by limit equilibrium
methods in function of the potential rupture surfaces of
the computational model.<br>La evaluación de estabilidad del talud de la Mina Robert (Canadá) se realiza a través del campo de deslocamientos
de marcos superficiales y subsuperficiales y posibles mecanismos de ruptura obtenidos a partir del análisis
tensión-deformación utilizando el programa computacional FLAC (V. 3.30). Se adopta el empleo de los modelos
constitutivos elástico perfectamente plástico y elasto-plástico con ablandamiento. Se calculan el factor de
seguridad y el portentaje de la región de plastificación, y son definidas las características de comportamiento
cinemático del talud bajo condiciones de recarga gravitacional. Se presenta un estudio de sensibilidad
considerando las tensiones cisallantes y deslocamientos acumulados en función de la variación de los parámetros
del macizo rocoso y de la inclinación del talud, además de nalisa factores asociados a la definición de los
mecanismos de ruptura en términos de tensión - deformación. Finalmente, se presentan las comparaciones entre
los factores de seguridad calculados en función de los resultados de la simulación numérica (FLAC) y los factores
de seguridad calculados por equilibrio límite considerando las superfícies potenciales de ruptura provenientes del
modelo computacional.
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Kong, Fanqi. "High-Order Harmonic Generation with Structured Beams." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39609.
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The generation of high-order harmonics opened an era of attosecond science wherein coherent light bursts are used to probe dynamic processes in matter with a time resolution short enough to resolve the motions of electrons. It enabled the development of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray table-top sources with both temporal and spatial coherence, which provides the ability to shape the temporal and spatial structure of the XUV pulses.
Scientists developed techniques to control and measure the temporal structure high harmonic emissions. These techniques exploited control of the driving laser pulse in the time domain and facilitated development of more advanced high-harmonic based XUV sources that have greatly impacted ultrafast measurements.
In this thesis, I apply techniques to control and measure the spatial structure of high harmonic emissions, and discuss the underlying physics and potential applications of the interaction between spatially structured laser beams and materials. This study exploits the spatial degree of freedom in strong field interaction, which has not been given as much attention as the temporal degree of freedom.
I use liquid crystal devices to shape the wave front of a fundamental laser beam to a vortex structure, then imprint this structured wave front onto XUV beams through high harmonic generation. This method provides an alternative to special XUV optics, which can manipulate the wave front of XUV radiation by all optical means. This result also reveals the conservation of orbital angular momentum in this extreme nonlinear wave mixing process. In addition to shaping the wave front, shaping the polarization of the driving beam also allows generation of circularly polarized the XUV radiation using a high harmonic source.
This thesis also highlights the interplay between shaping the wave front and polarization in the high harmonic generation process. The topology of the structured beam can be maintained through this extreme nonlinear interaction due to the spin selection rules and spin-orbit conservation.
Moreover, this thesis demonstrates an approach to integrate a vector beam into a broadband ultrafast light source and overcome the bandwidth limitation of mode converters. We use this approach to generate a few-cycle structured beam. In the future, this beam will be used to generate a strong ultrafast magnetic impulse in gas and solid targets by driving currents in a loop, which is a valuable tool for the future of magnetic metrology.
The novel properties of structured laser beams discussed in this thesis expanded the capabilities of high harmonic based XUV sources and have opened a new field to explore this additional degree of freedom in strong field interactions.
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Alharbi, Abdullah F. "High-order Harmonic Spectroscopy of Cyclic Organic Molecules." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35179.
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Understanding the electronic structure and dynamics of cyclic organic molecules is becoming increasingly the subject of investigations from different perspectives due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Since they are largely involved in the biochemistry of living organisms, studies on this class of compounds are also valuable to understand biologically relevant complex systems. Compared to other techniques, high-order harmonic generation (HHG) has been increasingly considered as a powerful spectroscopic tool with Angstrom spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. This thesis demonstrates that high-order harmonic spectroscopy is capable of providing structural and dynamical information on the electronic systems of representative cyclic organic molecules comprising randomly oriented five-membered or six-membered rings.
The first part of this thesis shows that the HHG from these molecules is sensitive to their aromatic character, which results from the de-localized pi electrons, and can potentially be a useful qualitative measure of aromaticity. We show that the advantage of utilizing HHG in this direction stems from the result that only pi molecular orbitals, associated with aromatcity, are responsible for the HHG emission in aromatic systems.
The capability of HHG to distinguish cyclic isomers is demonstrated in the case of xylene molecules. Supported by numerical calculations, differences in the isomers are attributed to both tunnel ionization and photorecombination, the first and last steps of HHG. These results enable further HHG-based time-resolved studies of the dynamics associated with isomeric effects that these molecules exhibit.
The present work also challenges the well-established prediction that strong field ionization from a molecular orbital is suppressed along nodal planes, where the electron density is zero. In fact, our study shows that considerable tunnel ionization in some cyclic molecules can occur near or along nodal planes. This unusual ionization is reported to have its signature on the quantitative and qualitative dependence of harmonic yield on laser ellipticity.
The high symmetry displayed by the cyclic molecule, 1,4 cyclohexadiene, is shown to leave its imprints on the HHG in the form of structural interferences even if the target is randomly oriented. Two-color HHG from this molecule also indicates that hole dynamics could be involved in the generation process.
A general study on high harmonic spectroscopy of the Cooper minimum in molecules is also reported. The presence of this minimum could affect the interpretation of harmonics spectra in any molecule containing S or Cl atoms. The molecular environment is shown to influence the position of this spectral modulation.
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Zhao, Lishan. "Uniaxial strain and high magnetic field investigation on materials with novel order parameters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9075.
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At low temperatures, strongly correlated materials, which typically contain partially filled d- or f-electron shells, often exhibit phases with interesting properties, which may be of both research value and technological significance. The mechanisms of phase formation in them if could be clarified, are believed to be able to provide important insights not only into physics but also into the design of new materials. In this thesis, the experimental study of two strongly correlated materials, Sr₂RuO₄ and CeAuSb₂ is presented. Sr₂RuO₄ is an unconventional superconductor, and a strong candidate for spin-triplet superconductivity. Its potential significance in relation to quantum computing also makes it of great scientific interest. In order to clarify the role of the Van Hove singularity (VHS) in its superconductivity, experimental study has been performed with the recently developed uniaxial strain methods. The experimental results suggest that as the sample is compressed towards the VHS, the transition temperature can be enhanced by a factor of =2.3 whilst the upper critical field can be enhanced by a factor of more than ten. The experimental findings are intriguing and new possibilities are open for future study. CeAuSb₂ is a Kondo lattice system which has been speculated to be close to a quantum critical point. The similarity between some of its low temperature properties and those of a well-known quantum critical system Sr₃Ru₂O₇ makes it especially interesting. In this thesis, new magnetoresistivity and torque magnetometry measurements are used to clarify its low temperature phase diagram, and reveal the strength of its magnetic anisotropy.
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Kajberg, Jörgen. "Displacement field measurement using digital speckle photography for characterisation of materials subjected to large deformations and high strain rates /." Luleå, 2003. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2003/35.
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Pfeiffer, Robert. "HIGH-ORDER INTEGRAL EQUATION METHODS FOR QUASI-MAGNETOSTATIC AND CORROSION-RELATED FIELD ANALYSIS WITH MARITIME APPLICATIONS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/119.
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This dissertation presents techniques for high-order simulation of electromagnetic fields, particularly for problems involving ships with ferromagnetic hulls and active corrosion-protection systems.
A set of numerically constrained hexahedral basis functions for volume integral equation discretization is presented in a method-of-moments context. Test simulations demonstrate the accuracy achievable with these functions as well as the improvement brought about in system conditioning when compared to other basis sets.
A general method for converting between a locally-corrected Nyström discretization of an integral equation and a method-of-moments discretization is presented next. Several problems involving conducting and magnetic-conducting materials are solved to verify the accuracy of the method and to illustrate both the reduction in number of unknowns and the effect of the numerically constrained bases on the conditioning of the converted matrix.
Finally, a surface integral equation derived from Laplace’s equation is discretized using the locally-corrected Nyström method in order to calculate the electric fields created by impressed-current corrosion protection systems. An iterative technique is presented for handling nonlinear boundary conditions. In addition we examine different approaches for calculating the magnetic field radiated by the corrosion protection system. Numerical tests show the accuracy achievable by higher-order discretizations, validate the iterative technique presented. Various methods for magnetic field calculation are also applied to basic test cases.
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Kern, Alexander Marco. "Quantification of the performance of 3D sound field reconstruction algorithms using high-density loudspeaker arrays and 3rd order sound field microphone measurements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77516.
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The development and improvement of 3-D immersive audio is gaining momentum through the growing interest in virtual reality. Possible applications reach from recreating real world environments to immersive concerts and performances to exploiting big data acoustically. To improve the immersive experience several measures can be taken. The recording of the sound field, the spatialization and the development of the loudspeaker arrays are some of the greatest challenges. In this thesis, these challenges for improving immersive audio will be explored. First, there will be a short introduction about 3D audio and a review about the state of the art technology and research. Next, the thesis will provide an introduction to 3D loudspeaker arrays and describe the systems used during this research. Furthermore, the development of a new 16-element 3rd order sound field microphone will be described. Afterwards, different spatial audio algorithms such as higher order ambisonics, wave field synthesis and vector based amplitude panning will be described, analyzed and compared. For each spatialization algorithm, the quality of soundfield reproduction will be quantified using listener perception tests for clarity and sound source localization.<br>Master of Science
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Petrova, Rumyana. "Quantitative High-Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission to Electron Microscopy for Materials Science." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4304.
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Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been widely used for characterization of materials; to identify micro- and nano-structures within a sample and to analyze crystal and defect structures. High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) STEM imaging using atomic number (Z) contrast has proven capable of resolving atomic structures with better than 2 A lateral resolution. In this work, the HAADF STEM imaging mode is used in combination with multislice simulations. This combination is applied to the investigation of the temperature dependence of the intensity collected by the HAADF detector in silicon, and to convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) to measure the degree of chemical order in intermetallic nanoparticles. The experimental and simulation results on the high–angle scattering of 300 keV electrons in crystalline silicon provide a new contribution to the understanding of the temperature dependence of the HAADF intensity. In the case of 300 keV, the average high-angle scattered intensity slightly decreases as the temperature increases from 100 K to 300 K, and this is different from the temperature dependence at 100 keV and 200 keV where HAADF intensity increases with temperature, as had been previously reported by other workers. The L10 class of hard magnetic materials has attracted continuous attention as a candidate for high-density magnetic recording media, as this phase is known to have large magnetocrystalline anisotropy, with magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, Ku, strongly dependent on the long-range chemical order parameter, S. A new method is developed to assess the degree of chemical order in small FePt L10 nanoparticles by implementing a CBED diffraction technique. Unexpectedly, the degree of order of individual particles is highly variable and not a simple function of particle size or sample composition. The particle-to-particle variability observed is an important new aspect to the understanding of phase transformations in nanoparticle systems.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Physics<br>Sciences<br>Physics
Books on the topic "High Order Displacement Field"
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Daneykin, Yuriy, Yuriy Doroshenko, Bagrat Erznkyan, and Valeriy Tumin. Management of the development of a high-tech industrial complex. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1911655.
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The monograph is devoted to topical issues of managing the development of high-tech industrial complexes in order to achieve technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation. The author's concept of managing the development of a high-tech industrial complex at the meso-level is presented, the issues of assessing the contribution of innovative ecosystems and high-tech industrial complexes to the development of the region are highlighted. Special attention is paid to innovative scientific and technological centers in achieving the goals of innovative and technological development of industry. The role of INTC "Intelligent Electronics — Valdai" in the development of the electronic industry and the Novgorod region is considered on a specific material. Methodological provisions for the classification of innovative behavior of electronic industry enterprises, a matrix of models of innovative behavior of industry enterprises have been formed.
 For specialists in the field of management, researchers, teachers and university students of specialized areas of training.
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Federighi, Paolo, and Francesca Torlone, eds. Low skilled take their qualifications "one step up". Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-179-3.
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Adult learning is recognized as a key component of lifelong learning and Member States are required to remove barriers to participation, to increase overall quality and efficiency in adult learning, to speed up the process of validation and recognition and to ensure sufficient investment in and monitoring of the field (European Commission, 2006, 2007; European Parliament, 2008; European Council, 2008). It is unanimously recognized that adult learning can play a pivotal role in meeting the goals of the Lisbon Strategy, by fostering social cohesion, providing citizens with the skills required to find new jobs and helping Europe to better respond to the challenges of globalisation. Such needs are taken into consideration in this Volume where the main issues faced are related to what 33 European countries have been doing in order to raise the skills levels of low-skilled workers, address the problem of the high number of early school leavers, combat social exclusion, ensure the efficiency, effectiveness, quality of adult learning.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.
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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture.
 At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy.
 The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.
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Bogumil, Veniamin, and Sarango Duke. Telematics on urban passenger transport. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1819882.
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The monograph discusses the application of telematics in dispatch control systems in urban passenger transport. The role of telematics as a technological basis in automating the solution of control tasks, accounting and analysis of the volume and quality of transport work in modern dispatch control systems on urban passenger transport is shown. Analytical models have been developed to estimate the capacity of a high-speed bus transportation system on a dedicated line. Mathematical models and algorithms for predicting passenger vehicle interior filling at critical stages of urban passenger transport routes are presented. The issues of application of the concept of the phase space of states introduced by the authors to assess the quality of the passenger transportation process on the route of urban passenger transport are described. The developed classification of service levels and their application in order to inform passengers at stopping points about the degree of filling of the passenger compartment of the arriving vehicle is described. The material is based on the results of theoretical research and practical work on the creation and implementation of automated control systems for urban passenger transport in Russian cities. The material of M.H. Duque Sarango's dissertation submitted for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences in the specialty 05.22.10 "Operation of motor transport" was used.
 It will be useful to specialists in the field of telematics on urban passenger transport.
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Lu, Zhong-Lin, and George Sperling. Second-Order Reversed Phi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0071.
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A second-order reversed-phi stimulus is composed of moving features (areas filled with texture) whose overall amount of texture-contrast is reversed between successive frames. In peripheral vision, the stimulus is perceived as moving in the reversed direction (opposite to the feature displacement). In central vision, it is perceived in the forward direction at low temporal frequencies but in the reversed direction at high temporal frequencies. Moving the observer away from the displays has the same effect as changing from central to periphery vision: reversed motion becomes more dominant. The illusion demonstrates the different properties of the second- and third-order motion systems.
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.001.0001.
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Introduced as a quantum extension of Maxwell's classical theory, quantum electrodynamic (QED) has been the first example of a quantum field theory (QFT). Eventually, QFT has become the framework for the discussion of all fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale except, possibly, gravity. More surprisingly, it has also provided a framework for the understanding of second order phase transitions in statistical mechanics. In fact, as hopefully this work illustrates, QFT is the natural framework for the discussion of most systems involving an infinite number of degrees of freedom with local couplings. These systems range from cold Bose gases at the condensation temperature (about ten nanokelvin) to conventional phase transitions (from a few degrees to several hundred) and high energy particle physics up to a TeV, altogether more than twenty orders of magnitude in the energy scale. Therefore, although excellent textbooks about QFT had already been published, I thought, many years ago, that it might not be completely worthless to present a work in which the strong formal relations between particle physics and the theory of critical phenomena are systematically emphasized. This option explains some of the choices made in the presentation. A formulation in terms of field integrals has been adopted to study the properties of QFT. The language of partition and correlation functions has been used throughout, even in applications of QFT to particle physics. Renormalization and renormalization group (RG) properties are systematically discussed. The notion of effective field theory (EFT) and the emergence of renormalizable theories are described. The consequences for fine-tuning and triviality issue are emphasized. This fifth edition has been updated and fully revised.
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Massam, Diane. Niuean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793557.001.0001.
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This book presents a detailed descriptive and theoretical examination of predicate-argument structure in Niuean, a Polynesian language within the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family, spoken mainly on the Pacific island of Niue and in New Zealand. Niuean has VSO word order and an ergative case-marking system, both of which raise questions for a subject-predicate view of sentence structure. Working within a broadly Minimalist framework, this volume develops an analysis in which syntactic arguments are not merged locally to their thematic sources, but instead are merged high, above an inverted extended predicate which serves syntactically as the Niuean verb, later undergoing movement into the left periphery of the clause. The thematically lowest argument merges as an absolutive inner subject, with higher arguments merging as applicatives. The proposal relates Niuean word order and ergativity to its isolating morphology, by equating the absence of inflection with the absence of IP in Niuean, which impacts many aspects of its grammar. As well as developing a novel analysis of clause and argument structure, word order, ergative case, and theta role assignment, the volume argues for an expanded understanding of subjecthood. Throughout the volume, many other topics are also treated, such as noun incorporation, word formation, the parallel internal structure of predicates and arguments, null arguments, displacement typology, the role of determiners, and the structure of the left periphery.
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Wright, A. G. Environmental considerations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0012.
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Magnetic fields, with a magnitude comparable with that of the earth (10−4 tesla), affect trajectories of electrons and hence gain and collection efficiency. The inclusion of a high-permeability shield usually offers sufficient protection. Photomultiplier (PMT) performance is affected by electric field gradients generated by the proximity of a metal housing. The design criteria of such housings are discussed. Strong magnetic fields of the order of a tesla require special devices. Operation in harsh environments such as those encountered in oil well logging requires performance at high temperature (200 °C) and in situations of high shock and vibration expressed in terms of power spectral density. Rugged PMTs can meet all these requirements. Applications at cryogenic temperatures, such as liquid argon, can also be met with special PMTs.
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Harrod, Molly, Sanjay Saint, and Robert W. Stock. Teaching Inpatient Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190671495.001.0001.
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Each year, roughly 18,000 medical students graduate from 170 plus medical schools in the United States. Nearly all of these graduates will continue their medical education at one of the more than 1,000 teaching hospitals across the country. Because of the reduction in the resident work week and the more recent intern shift cap, medical education on the wards must be high yield. This educational responsibility falls on the shoulders of attending physicians, few of whom have had formal education in teaching. This book utilized an in-depth exploratory, qualitative approach to uncover how a group of attendings, identified as experts in the field of medical teaching, construct learning environments that promote team-based learning while delivering high-quality patient-centered care. We observed attendings with their teams on rounds and conducted interviews and focus groups with the attendings and current and former learners in order to obtain multiple perspectives on what makes an attending a great teacher and clinician. Using real examples derived from the inpatient teaching environment, this book will provide readers with strategies they can modify and incorporate into their own teaching repertoire, including how to utilize the expertise of other allied health professionals and involve the patient in the teaching process.
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Samuels, Richard, Eric Margolis, and Stephen P. Stich. Introduction: Philosophy and Cognitive Science. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0001.
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This chapter offers a high-level overview of the philosophy of cognitive science and an introduction toThe Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Cognitive Science. The philosophy of cognitive science emerged out of a set of common and overlapping interests among philosophers and scientists who study the mind. We identify five categories of issues that illustrate the best work in this broad field: (1) traditional philosophical issues about the mind that have been invigorated by research in cognitive science, (2) issues regarding the practice of cognitive science and its foundational assumptions, (3) issues regarding the explication and clarification of core concepts in cognitive science, (4) first-order empirical issues where philosophers participate in the interdisciplinary investigation of particular psychological phenomena, (5) traditional philosophical issues that aren’t about the mind but that can be informed by a better understanding of how the mind works.
Book chapters on the topic "High Order Displacement Field"
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Tarasevitch, Alexander, Clemens Wünsche, and Dietrich von der Linde. "High-Order Harmonics from Plasma Surfaces." In Strong Field Laser Physics. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4_14.
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Salières, Pascal, and Ivan Christov. "Macroscopic Effects in High-Order Harmonic Generation." In Strong Field Laser Physics. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4_12.
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Schelten, Kevin, and Stefan Roth. "Mean Field for Continuous High-Order MRFs." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32717-9_6.
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Serrat, Carles. "Strong-Field-Enhanced Forward Scattering of High-Order Harmonics." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13242-6_24.
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Van Woerkom, L. D., S. Evans, P. Hansch, and M. A. Walker. "Intense Laser Interactions: Higher Order Resonances and Hot Electrons." In Applications of High-Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9241-6_37.
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Gaarde, M. B., C. Altucci, M. Bellini, et al. "Phase-Locking of High-Order Harmonics to the Fundamental Field." In Applications of High-Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9241-6_6.
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Lewenstein, Maciej, and Anne L’Huillier. "Principles of Single Atom Physics: High-Order Harmonic Generation, Above-Threshold Ionization and Non-Sequential Ionization." In Strong Field Laser Physics. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34755-4_7.
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Lange, H. R., A. A. Chiron, A. Bouhal, et al. "Increased Coherence Length in High-Order Harmonic Generation by a Self-Guided Beam." In Applications of High-Field and Short Wavelength Sources. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9241-6_12.
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Xue, Peng, Enqing Dong, and Huizhong Ji. "High-Order Markov Random Field Based Image Registration for Pulmonary CT." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39343-4_29.
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Enea, Marco, Alfonso Pagani, and Erasmo Carrera. "Damage Detection in Composites by AI and High-Order Modelling Surface-Strain-Displacement Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07322-9_34.
Full textConference papers on the topic "High Order Displacement Field"
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Balch, Chad D. "Structural Finite Elements With High-Order Basis Functions." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0099.
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Abstract In the p-version of the finite element method, convergence is achieved by increasing the polynomial order of the elements. This paper discusses high-order three-dimensional carved beam and shell elements which have been implemented in a general purpose p-version linear finite element code. The displacement and rotation fields are represented by polynomials up to ninth order. Beam axes are three-dimensional space curves, and shell midsurfaces are general doubly-curved surfaces. Results for linear static and modal analyses are presented. In particular, it is demonstrated that a relatively small number of elements provide highly accurate results for typical benchmark problems. The elements perform robustly, with no locking or spurious deformation modes.
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Iliopoulos, Athanasios, and John G. Michopoulos. "High Performance Parallelized Centroid Estimation of Image Components for Full Field Measurements." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34937.
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Full field measurement methods require digital image processing algorithms to accomplish centroid identification of components of the image of a deforming structure and track them through subsequent video frames in order to establish displacement and strain measurements. Unfortunately, these image processing algorithms are the most computationally expensive tasks performed in such methods. In this work we present a set of new algorithms that can be used to identify centroids of image features that are shown to be orders of magnitude faster than conventional algorithms. These algorithms are based on employing efficient data structures and algorithmic flows tailored to optimally fit in shared memory parallel architectures.
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Chatelet, Eric, Thouraya Nouri Baranger, Georges Jacquet-Richardet, and Aurélien Saulot. "Identification of Contact Area From Full Field Displacement Surface Measurements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25504.
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One of the most common failure modes for turbomachinery wheels is associated to high-cycle fatigue of blades. A practical way to extend working life is obtained through the introduction of specific devices that allow a reduction in vibrational magnitudes during resonance. Different kinds of components are used such as shrouds and wires for power industries and under platform dampers for aeronautics. The dry friction phenomenon between those devices and the blades induces nonlinear behaviors and flatten associated frequency response functions. This phenomenon is now well known and different modeling techniques of contact are available within numerical simulation softwares. Nevertheless, it is always difficult to estimate or to measure with sufficient precision the actual contact characteristics needed to run those softwares. Due to practical experimental capabilities, measurements are only possible quite far from the contact zone and major quantities such as the transverse loading for example are often unreachable directly. In this paper, a new inverse methodology is presented. This method uses surface displacement measurements (obtained usually experimentally from conventional accelerometer and fast camera) in order to identify the characteristics of contact zones within elastic body assemblies. The new methodology is validated and illustrated by a numerical approach based on an academic set up.
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Li, Lin, and Peiyi Wang. "Evaluation of High-Order Resonance of Blade Under Wake Excitation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23148.
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Avoiding the low-order resonances of blades is one of the main design goals for a mechanical structure designer of turbo machinery. However, we have to accept that there are resonance frequencies in the operating speed range of the blade, for the following reasons: Firstly, the natural frequencies of the blade are closely spaced sometimes, it is impossible to avoid them all. Secondly, in general, the higher of the resonance frequency, the lower the energy of resonance will be. But in recent 10 years, the high-order blade resonances present more and more frequently in turbo machinery, which induce a lot of HCF problems. As the considerations above, studies on the high-order vibration of blades become necessary and important. In the cascade, the high-order vibration of blades is mainly induced by the wakes from upstream. An obvious difference of the wake excitation from the common excitations resides in its asynchronism, that is, the maximum value of aerodynamic force from wakes at each point doesn’t appear at the same time, because except the frequency, the distribution of the aerodynamic force field depends on two parameters: not only amplitude but also phase angle. Both are functions of coordinates. In this paper, the related position in Euclidean Space between the asynchronous excitation field and the modal displacement of blade were deal with to evaluate the strength of the high-order resonance of blade. The effect of the asynchronous aerodynamic force field on the blade resonance was studied either. Finally a method for evaluation of high-order resonance of blade excited by wake fluid is proposed. A numerical case was studied either, which demonstrates that the proposed evaluation on high-order resonance is practical in engineering problem.
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Nedyalkov, Ivaylo, and Martin Wosnik. "Adaptive-Time-Step High-Frame-Rate Particle Image Velocimetry." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7748.
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With the availability of high-frame-rate (HFR) PIV systems, it is possible to capture time series of particle images at rates which can exceed the necessary frequency to temporally resolve essential flow. In this case, some of the recorded frames can be skipped, in order to obtain an adequate time step between two images, leading to favorable values for pixel displacement. In this paper a technique for decreasing pixel locking in complex flows based on an adaptive time step processing procedure is proposed. If PIV data are taken at much higher frequency than needed, the processing can be repeated for multiple time steps, ensuring the optimal pixel displacement for every interrogation spot. A smaller time step is used for large velocities and larger time steps are used in the areas of low velocity. To illustrate this technique, a sample data set was acquired of the flow on the suction side and the region just downstream of a NACA 0015 hydrofoil at a high angle of attack (16 degrees), ensuring a wide range of velocities within the PIV field of view. The experiments were performed in the University of New Hampshire High-Speed Cavitation Tunnel – HiCaT, at a comparatively low speed (2 m/s) in order to increase the range of possible time steps for post processing. HFR PIV data were obtained at 1800 frames per second for a field of view of approximately 100 mm × 100 mm. The data were processed multiple times, each time skipping between 0 and 19 frames, resulting in time steps between 1 to 20 times of the original time step between two images. As expected, there is a significant difference between the results for mean velocities with different time step processing, most notably in the region of the suction side of the foil. The RMS velocity fields also show a similar trend. In order to obtain a more accurate representation of the mean flow, the data for each interrogation spot were combined based on the pixel displacement values. The resulting velocity field was compared to that obtained with single-time-step PIV. A “map” was created showing what time step was selected for each interrogation spot. Suggestions were made on what time steps should be selected for the post processing in order to decrease the post processing computational time. A discussion was provided on the feasibility of using the technique for instantaneous velocity fields. Using ATS PIV may be beneficial in flows where both large and small velocities are of importance, e.g., flows with separation.
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Li, Chuanke, Paul Barrette, and Ian Jordaan. "High Pressure Zones at Different Scales During Ice-Structure Indentation." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51057.
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In order to improve the estimation of the ice load during ice-structure interaction, this study aims to investigate the behaviour of high pressure zones at different scales. Small scale indentation tests of ice with four different sizes of indentors (10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm and 100 mm in diameter) were conducted at Ocean Engineering Research Centre of Memorial University. The tests were conducted at −10 °C. The grain sizes were scaled up with the indentor sizes. The tests consist of three series with different orders of displacement rates. In this paper, Part of the field test data will be retrieved for the investigation. Microstructural changes of the ice after deformation in laboratory will be studied. A relationship between stress and nominal contact area is derived based on the data. Numerical simulations are conducted for the series with low displacement rates of laboratory tests. The simulation shows a good agreement with the tests.
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Frostig, Y. "Bending of Curved Sandwich Panels With Transversely Flexible Cores: Closed-Form High-Order Theory." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0734.
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Abstract The bending behavior of a curved sandwich panel with a transversely flexible core, i.e. “soft” in the out of plane direction, is derived. It is formulated using a rigorous systematic closed-form approach based on variational principles. The effects of the transversely flexible core are incorporated resulting in non-linear patterns, denoted also as high-order effects, for the inplane and the transverse deformations through the height of the core. The governing equations along with the associated boundary and continuity conditions for a general type of sandwich panels, i.e. unidentical skins, composite laminated or metallic and a “soft” core are derived. General type of boundary conditions, including spring conditions, as well as different conditions at the upper and the lower skins at the same section are implemented and the effects of “stiff edge inserts, denoted as global boundary conditions, along with the induced localized effects are considered. Localized effects at support regions with or without edge stiffeners, with movable and immovable supports, and in the vicinity of concentrated loads are studied. The effects are described in terms of the internal resultants and displacements of each skin, peeling (transversely normal) stresses and shear stresses at the skin-core interfaces, and stress and displacement fields in the core through its height. Numerical results of a typical curved panel used in a test set-up and comparisons with experimental data are presented. A comparison, that is in very good agreement, between the analytical results and the experimental ones is conducted. The effects of a global boundary conditions, such as a “stiff” edge beam, and similar local boundary conditions on the localized effects are presented and discussed. The stress concentration involved in case of a concentrated load especially in its near vicinity is described.
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Okoye, Kenechukwu, Wing Lai, and Taiho Yeom. "Experimental Flow Visualization Study of Flow Separation Control With High-Frequency Translational Surface Actuation." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23892.
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Abstract Flow separation causes aircraft to experience an increase in drag degrading their aviation performance. The current study aims to delay flow separation on an airfoil by embedding a high-frequency translational piezoelectric actuator along the surface of the airfoil. The actuators with two actuation surfaces were embedded on the suction surface of an Eppler 862 airfoil model and placed in a low-speed wind tunnel. Consecutive pictures of the flow fields with dry ice fogs around the airfoil were taken using a high speed camera in order to observe the flow separation phenomenon before and after turning on the high-frequency translational surface actuation. The effects of the actuation on the flow separation were observed at various actuation displacements, angles of attack, and free stream velocities. The operating frequency of the surface actuation was 565 Hz. The measured actuation mean-to-peak displacement ranged up to 0.12 mm at the maximum applied voltage of 150 V. The angle of attack of the airfoil varied from 6° to 24°. The chord Reynolds number was increased up to around 262,000. It was confirmed that the actuation had a very strong influence on the flow separation even at a very small displacement of 0.024 mm remaining significantly reduced separation bubble compared to the one before activating the actuators at 4.3 m/s of velocity and 14° of angle of attack. The flow separation was completely suppressed when the actuation displacement reached around 0.082 mm under the same conditions of flow velocity and angle of attack. This implied that the actuation should generate a strong enough momentum relative to the free stream in order to completely suppress the flow separation. In summary, the study confirmed that the employed high-frequency translational surface actuation had the obvious control authority on delaying or suppressing the flow separation over the airfoil depending on the parameters changed.
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Arena, Felice, and Francesco Fedele. "Non-Linear Space-Time Evolution of Wave Groups With a High Crest." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37161.
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The theory of quasi-determinism, for the mechanics of linear three-dimensional waves, was obtained by Boccotti in the eighties. The first formulation of the theory deals with the largest crest amplitude; the second formulation deals with the largest wave height. The theory was verified in the nineties with some small-scale field experiments. In this paper the first formulation of Boccotti’s theory, valid for the space-time domain, is extended to the second order. The analytical expressions of the non-linear free surface displacement and velocity potential are obtained. Therefore the space-time evolution of a wave group, to the second-order in a Stokes expansion, when a very large crest occurs at a fixed time and location, is investigated. Finally the second-order probability of exceedance of the crest amplitude is obtained, as a function of two deterministic parameters.
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Van Dorp, Johan J. "The Role of Dispersion in Enhanced Gas Recovery and Gas Field Pressure Maintenance." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200261-ms.
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Abstract Objectives Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) is the process whereby an inert gas like nitrogen or flue gas is injected in a gas reservoir to improve hydrocarbon gas recovery. One of the objectives of EGR is recovery of remaining gas in place at the prevailing abandonment pressure by sweeping native hydrocarbon gas with an inert gas. This paper treats the reservoir engineering aspects of dispersion in gas displacement by nitrogen. Methods Relevant theory and knowledge from literature are applied to an example sandstone gas reservoir. Results The displacement is typically miscible, and the higher viscosity and density of the injected nitrogen over the native hydrocarbon gas improves the stability of the vertical displacement front. However, dispersion in the reservoir is another potential source of spreading of the front. This leads to early nitrogen breakthrough and a slowly growing nitrogen concentration in the production stream that needs to be dealt with prior to sales through N2 removal or dilution of the produced gas with other gas streams. Reservoirs with low formation dispersivity are therefore the most suitable targets for EGR. This leads to the selection of homogeneous reservoirs with short correlation distances of depositional features. Formation dispersivity is ideally measured upfront using a tracer push-pull test. As a result of the physics of the dispersion process a line drive with a large displacement well spacing provides an optimum selection as (horizontal or vertical) well configuration. Selection of high viscosity injection gas helps to increase the stability of the displacement front. Novelty Stabilization of the injection front by foam would significantly enlarge the targeted group of fields for EGR to include reservoirs with more adverse heterogeneity. R&D is required to establish a likely reduction in dispersion. Accurate modelling of the mixing process is possible by tagging the injection fluid with a passive tracer while solving the advection equations explicitly using a higher order scheme to reduce numerical dispersion. Only physical dispersion at the sub-grid scale should be included. This modelling method could however lead to unstable displacement in the simulator because the density and viscosity contrasts are ignored.
Reports on the topic "High Order Displacement Field"
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S.C. Jardin and J.A. Breslau. Implicit Solution of the Four-field Extended-magnetohydroynamic Equations using High-order High-continuity Finite Elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836487.
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Yue, Dick K. Assimilation of Three-Dimensional Phase-Resolved Wave-Field Data Using an Efficient High-Order Spectral Method. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626896.
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Collyer, Michael, Dolf te Lintelo, Thabani Mutambasere, and Tahir Zaman. Moving Targets: Social Protection as a Link Between Humanitarianism, Development and Displacement. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.017.
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Despite the widespread concern with social protection in the field of development, it has had little impact on displacement until very recently. UNHCR has had a Social Protection Unit since 2009, but social protection is barely mentioned in either the Global Compact on Refugees or the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, both agreed in 2018. The period since 2018 has seen a growth of research interest and new policy development. This represents the latest appearance of the humanitarian-development nexus in the field of displacement. This nexus is a long-standing one and is inherent in the term ‘durable solution’ as the only effective end of displacement. Unfortunately, there are few recognised successes, and durable solutions are enjoyed by only a tiny proportion of the growing number of displaced people in the world today. This makes renewed attention to the humanitarian-development nexus all the more urgent. In this paper we review the relationship between a humanitarian response to initial displacement and longer-term development planning, as well as the recent range of research and policy responses in this field. These demonstrate significant potential of social protection. We go on to consider six areas of developing theorisation in order to inform what would constitute success in the expanding inclusion of displaced people in social protection programmes or systems. We conclude with four suggestions where further research in this area can help to determine how and if the potential for social protection to offer more sustainable responses to displacement is being realised.
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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.
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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
Full textAbstract:
Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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Hart, Carl R., and Gregory W. Lyons. A Measurement System for the Study of Nonlinear Propagation Through Arrays of Scatterers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38621.
Full textAbstract:
Various experimental challenges exist in measuring the spatial and temporal field of a nonlinear acoustic pulse propagating through an array of scatterers. Probe interference and undesirable high-frequency response plague typical approaches with acoustic microphones, which are also limited to resolving the pressure field at a single position. Measurements made with optical methods do not have such drawbacks, and schlieren measurements are particularly well suited to measuring both the spatial and temporal evolution of nonlinear pulse propagation in an array of scatterers. Herein, a measurement system is described based on a z-type schlieren setup, which is suitable for measuring axisymmetric phenomena and visualizing weak shock propagation. In order to reduce directivity and initiate nearly spherically-symmetric propagation, laser induced breakdown serves as the source for the nonlinear pulse. A key component of the schlieren system is a standard schliere, which allows quantitative schlieren measurements to be performed. Sizing of the standard schliere is aided by generating estimates of the expected light refraction from the nonlinear pulse, by way of the forward Abel transform. Finally, considerations for experimental sequencing, image capture, and a reconfigurable rod array designed to minimize spurious wave interactions are specified. 15.
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Ahlgren, Per, Tobias Jeppsson, Esa Stenberg, and Erik Berg. A bibliometric analysis of battery research with the BATTERY 2030+ roadmap as point of departure. Uppsala universitet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-473454.
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In this bibliometric study, we analyze the six battery research subfields identified in the BATTERY 2030+ roadmap: Battery Interface Genome, Materials Acceleration Platform, Recyclability, Smart functionalities: Self-healing, Smart functionalities: Sensing, and Manufacturability. In addition, we analyze the entire research field related to BATTERY 2030+ as a whole, using two operationalizations. We (a) evaluate the European standing in the subfields/the BATTERY 2030+ field in comparison to the rest of the world, and (b) identify strongholds of the subfields/the BATTERY 2030+ field across Europe. For each subfield and the field as a whole, we used seed articles, i.e. articles listed in the BATTERY 2030+ roadmap or cited by such articles, in order to generate additional, similar articles located in an algorithmically obtained classification system. The output of the analysis is publication volumes, field normalized citation impact values with comparisons between country/country aggregates and between organizations, co-publishing networks between countries and organizations, and keyword co-occurrence networks. For the results related to (a), the performance of EU & associated (countries) is similar to China and the aggregate Japan-South Korea-Singapore and well below North America regarding citation impact and with respect to the field as a whole. Exceptions are, however, the subfields Battery Interface Genome and Recyclability. For the results related to (b), there is a large variability in the EU & associated organizations regarding volume in the different subfields. For citation impact, examples of high-performing EU & associated organizations are ETH Zurich and Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science.
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.
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Stavland, Arne, Siv Marie Åsen, Arild Lohne, Olav Aursjø, and Aksel Hiorth. Recommended polymer workflow: Lab (cm and m scale). University of Stavanger, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.201.
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Polymer flooding is one of the most promising EOR methods (Smalley et al. 2018). It is well known and has been used successfully (Pye 1964; Standnes & Skjevrak 2014; Sheng et al. 2015). From a technical perspective we recommend that polymer flooding should be considered as a viable EOR method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for the following reasons: 1. More oil can be produced with less water injected; this is particularly important for the NCS which are currently producing more water than oil 2. Polymers will increase the aerial sweep and improve the ultimate recovery, provided a proper injection strategy 3. Many polymer systems are available, and it should be possible to tailor their chemical composition to a wide range of reservoir conditions (temperature and salinity) 4. Polymer systems can be used to block water from short circuiting injection production wells 5. Polymer combined with low salinity injection water has many benefits: a lower polymer concentration can be used to reach target viscosity, less mechanical degradation, less adsorption, and a potential reduction in Sor due to a low salinity wettability effect. There are some hurdles when considering polymer flooding that needs to be considered: 1. Many polymer systems are not at the present considered as green chemicals; thus, reinjection of produced water is needed. However, results from polymer degradation studies in the IORCentre indicates that a. High molecular weight polymers are quickly degraded to low molecular weight. In case of accidental release to the ocean low molecular weight polymers are diluted and the lifetime of the spill might be quite short. According to Caulfield et al. (2002) HPAM is not toxic, and will not degrade to the more environmentally problematic acrylamide. b. In the DF report for environmental impact there are case studies using the DREAM model to predict the transport of chemical spills. This model is coupled with polymer (sun exposure) degradation data from the IORCentre to quantify the lifetime of polymer spills. This approach should be used for specific field cases to quantify the environmental risk factor. 2. Care must be taken to prepare the polymer solution offshore. Chokes and vales might be a challenge but can be mitigating according to the results from the large-scale testing done in the IORCentre (Stavland et al. 2021). None of the above-mentioned challenges are server enough to not consider polymer flooding. HPAM is neither toxic, nor bio-accumulable, or bio-persistent and the CO2 footprint from a polymer flood may be significantly less than a water flood (Dupuis et al. 2021). There are at least two contributing factors to this statement, which we will return in detail to in the next section i) during linear displacement polymer injection will produce more oil for the same amount of water injected, hence the lifetime of the field can be shortened ii) polymers increase the arial sweep reducing the need for wells.
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Morkun, Volodymyr S., Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, Svitlana M. Hryshchenko, and Kateryna I. Slovak. System of competencies for mining engineers. Видавництво “CSITA”, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/719.
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Topicality of the material, highlighted in this article is stipulated by the need to ensure effectiveness of educational process while preparing mining engineers. System of competencies for future mining engineers, taken as basis for high school sectoral standard for Mining 6.050301 update is theoretically substantiated and developed. Sources of state-of-the-art foreign educational system and technologies as well as scientific research results of local teachers have been analyzed, enabling development of new sectoral standard. Switching to new high school competencies-based sectoral standards is the necessary step in high education reforming in Ukraine, while the application of competencies-based approach to high school sectoral standards development facilitates tuning of education towards labour market’s requirements and demands, further development of educational techniques and educational system as a whole. Objective of the article: to project system of competencies and to define components of environmental competencies for mining engineers. Methods: – theoretical: analysis, generalization, systematization of legislative framework, educational standards, Internet - sources in order to distinguish theoretical basis of research, develop system of competencies for future mining engineers. – Empirical – improvement of system of competencies for future mining engineers. Scientific novelty is represented with structured system, consisting of 49 competencies, comprising the core of new sectoral standard for mining engineers preparation; Practical importance of the outcomes is related to developments: separate constituents of high school draft sectoral standard for Mining engineers bachelors’ preparation 6.050301 Mining (system of social & personal, general scientific, tool-based, general professional and special professional competencies. Research outcomes can be used while developing educational qualification profile and training program for Mining bachelors 6.050301 education field, in course of geoinformational technologies review by ecology, land survey and geography bachelors.