Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'High pressure part'
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Anam, Khandaker I. "Petrology and geochemistry of some high pressure rocks from northern part of Rio San Juan complex, Dominican Republic." FIU Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1284.
Full textArmshaw, Derek. "Garnet- and clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria at high pressure : an experimental study in part of the system CaO-MgO-FeO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ with relevance to garnet-lherzolites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11387.
Full textMašek, Martin. "Kondenzační parní turbina 25 MW." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230758.
Full textKissler, Martin. "Modernizace Jaderné elektrárny Dukovany." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231807.
Full textSadeghi, Mohammad. "Optimization product parts in high pressure die casting process." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27733.
Full textCai, Qingrui. "Temperature and pressure raman studies of Hg1201 superconductors and oligo (para-phenylene) materials /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025607.
Full textGalvão, Karen Cristine Santos. "Desenvolvimento de nanoemulsões para uso em alimentos e uso tópico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-23042015-153140/.
Full textThe utilization of plant bioactives in food can be interesting because of its activity (eg.: antioxidant, antimicrobial, among others) and to minimize the use of their high concentration of antiseptics. However, some of these additives are hydrophobic, and, therefore, are more difficult to be dispersed in food, which are generally water-based. A good alternative is the use of low concentration of these actives as nanoemulsions. The aim of this thesis was the development of nanoemulsions with eugenol, \"dedo-de-moça\" pepper extract for food applications, and of triclosan for topical application as hand\'s cleaner. The studies for development of these nanoemulsions were carried out with a high speed homogenizer followed by a high pressure homogenizer. The following parameters were tested: type and concentration of surfactants, ideal HLB value, lipid phase/aqueous phase relation, surfactant/oil relation, and composition and processing conditions. Nanoemulsions were optimized by experimental design, evaluated by preliminary and storage stability, characterized by different analysis, including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nanoemulsions with mean droplet size lower than 200 nm were developed; the thermal stress and centrifuge stabilities were different for each system, but, all nanoemulsions were stable over 90 days on ambient temperature. The eugenol nanoemulsion had good antioxidant activity and triclosan nanoemulsion had high antimicrobial activity in the concentration of 3% and a bactericidal activity at concentration lower than 40µg/mL over 90 days period. The nanoemulsions developed have potential for applications in food and sanitary industries.
Rodrigues, Daniella. "Utilização de altas pressões hidrostáticas para o estudo e renaturação de proteínas com estrutura quaternária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-06032013-144803/.
Full textThe production of recombinant proteins is an essential tool for the biotechnology industry and supports the expansion of modern biological research. Recombinant proteins can be produced by a variety of hosts and among them the bacteria E. coli is the most commonly used. However, the expression of heterologous genes in E. coli often results in an incomplete folding process that leads to the accumulation of insoluble aggregates known as inclusion bodies (IB). The application of high hydrostatic pressure impairs intermolecular hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of proteins in solution, leading to dissociation of aggregates and is therefore useful tool to solubilize and refold aggregated proteins in IB. This work aimed to study the process of disaggregation of IB and refolding of oligomeric proteins the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) and the globular region of the adenoviral fiber (RGFA) using high hydrostatic pressure. The cholera toxin (CT) comprises one A subunit and five B subunits, combined in the AB5 holotoxin. The pentameric CTB is non-toxic moiety of CT which is responsible for binding to the receptor ganglioside GM1 holotoxin. The adenovirus fiber is a homotrimeric protein wich forms part of the viral capsid and it is organized into three regions: the N-terminal tail, the central rod and the C-terminal region (globular region). The RGFA binds to membrane protein CAR in host cells and promotes the internalization of virus. The studies presented here demonstrate that high hydrostatic pressure was effective in the disaggregation of the CTB and RGFA IB. The refolding conditions were optimized using different proportions of the redox couple oxidated and reduced glutathione, concentrations of chaotropic agents, presence of additives and pressure/decompression schemes distinguished from the previously described in the literature. Soluble pentameric CTB was obtained when the suspension of IB were compressed at 2.4 kbar for 16 hours in 50 mM of Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.5, 1 mM of tween 20, followed by direct decompression and incubation at atmospheric pressure. The yield of refolded soluble pentameric CTB was up to 45 % and 288 mg of CTB/ liter of bacterial culture. This protein was shown to presented regular structure and biological activity. Trimeric RGFA was obtained by compression of the suspension of IB in 50 mM of Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0, 0.5M L-arginine at 2.4 kbar for 1.5 hours and at 0.4 kbar for 16 hours prior to the complete decompression. The yield of soluble trimeric RGFA was 4 %, however this protein did not present biological activity.
Neto, Maurilio Pacheco. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia para monitorização terapêutica da azatioprina por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência-UV (HPLC-UV) em transplantados renais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-31082010-175812/.
Full textAzathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressant used in autoimmune pathologies like lupus erythematosus, Chrons disease, inflammatory bowel disease and against rejection in solid organs transplant. After more than 40 years of use, AZA continues exerting a central role in immunomodulatory regimens, due to the fact that it combines effectiveness, safety and low cost. It is well known that thiopurine methyltransferase activity may determine, at least in part, the clinical efficacy of AZA therapy. This enzyme exhibits codominant genetic polymorphism and the distribution of these variant alleles differs significantly among populations. The considerable pharmacokinetic variability in AZA metabolism justify the therapeutic drug monitoring of this drug. In this work a methodology was improved to quantify the metabolites of AZA, 6-TGN and 6-MMP, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV-Vis) with an ultraviolet-visible detector, using a single wavelength reading, following a simple acid deproteinization and heating to convert the metabolites into their respective free bases. The values of these metabolites were determined in a population of 124 renal transplant recipients. To adequate the process to international and local legislation, Anvisa, FDA and CLSI guidelines were followed. Separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column; mobile phase A potassium phosphate and mobile phase B methanol. Detection of 6-TGN and 6-MMP was performed at 342 m (UV-Vis). Assay linearity for 6-TGN ranged from 0.30 to 89.71 mol/L and from 0.30 to 93.86 mol/L for 6-MMP. The recoveries were 95.08, 97.76 and 100.80% for 6-TGN and 104.79, 95.38 and 105.06% for 6-MMP. Repeatability CV were 3.50, 5.06, 1.09 and 0.04, 0.35, 1.58%, while reproducibility CV were 8.65, 7.18, 8.44 and 12.73, 6.40, 4.88% for 6-TGN and 6-MMP, respectively. LOQ and LOD of 6-TNG and 6-MMP were respectively 0.30 mol/L and 0.13 mol/L for both metabolites. The washed erythrocytes and the samples treated and ready for injection into the HPLC system were stored below -5 °C until analysis, at this temperature the samples were stable for 8 weeks and for 1 day, respectively. 6-TGN and 6-MMP patient analysis values ranged from non detectable to 1569 mol/8 x 108 RBC (median of 200.50) and non detectable to 113057 mol/8 x 108 RBC (median of 5166), respectively. The correlations between 6-TGN or 6-MMP levels and variables sex, time post-transplant, number of transplants and AZA dosage (mg/kg) were examined in different groups. The proposed HPLC method has a good cost-benefit ratio, is straightforward, precise, accurate and fast at the determining 6-TGN and 6-MMP concentrations in red blood cells of patients under AZA therapy. The validated method is good enough to enable the laboratory to routinely provide useful and accurate pharmacokinetic data in time to adjust patient regimens. It can be easily adopted for routine analysis of these drug metabolites. The results of patient samples are in agreement with others studies, thus certifying the usefulness of this analytical tool in monitoring of patients
Taniguchi, Hitoshi. "Contribuição ao projeto estrutural de cilindros em compósitos para armazenamento de oxigênio sob alta pressão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18146/tde-05032012-145253/.
Full textIn this work the aspects related to the structural optimization of composite high-pressure cylinders are analyzed from the thorough study of analytical calculation, by the use of netting analysis, along with procedures based on numerical analysis by the Finite Element method, considering models of composite materials with orthotropic behaviour. Cylinders used for oxygen containment, manufactured by filament winding process, are considered and compared to the cylinders manufactured in metal in terms of their application. The analyses of different case studies allowed to conclude that composite materials can be applied successfully in high pressure cylinders provided that some critical parameters have been established to the vessel structural design, such as: an adequate failure criteria; determination of experimental data for the composite materials used; standards and codes used in the design and the final vessel geometry data, dependent variables of the manufacturing process. An integrated environment of the design and manufacturing activities is proposed as well in order to embrace all of these aspects.
Bispo, Jose Ailton Conceição. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um novo tratamento termodinamico para dissociação por pressão de macromoleculas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314006.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Sistemas reacionais em fase líquida compreendem boa parte dos processos físicoquímicos que são estudados para fins de pesquisa e aplicação industrial. Estes estudos são conduzidos em geral de forma a se obter parâmetros de caracterização que tornem possível a padronização e otimização de processos, sejam eles de aplicação químico industrial ou biotecnológica. Em meio a esta necessidade de compreensão de diversos processos físicoquímicos, um ponto que chama a atenção de muitos grupos de pesquisa é a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas de caracterização e modelagem destes processos de forma a tornálos mais informativos e eficientes, tanto no que diz respeito à sua capacidade de caracterização quanto à sua capacidade de previsão. Neste contexto, a maior parte dos sistemas estudados têm como base a metodologia de caracterização desenvolvida por Gibbs-Duhem a aprtir do comportamento de gases ideais. Desvios no comportamento pressão volume são, nestes casos, corrigidos através do parâmetro definido como atividade. Assim, a estrutura de base desenvolvida por Gibbs-Duhem para gases ideais é mantida, deixando praticamente inalterada a relação que expressa a variação do potencial químico. No presente estudo observou-se que este tipo de abordagem e caracterização não produz resultados satisfatórios para o processo de dissociação por pressão de grandes agregados protéicos, e em alguns casos gerou dificuldades matemáticas que impediram a sua implementação em processos bastante comuns. A solução encontrada e o objetivo desta tese foram então o de conduzir uma nova abordagem para a caracterização destes sistemas que envolvem a dissociação por pressão de macromoléculas a partir de equações mais flexíveis para as mudanças de volume que as dos g ases ideais utilizadas por Gibbs-Duhen. O resultado desta nova abordagem foram relações com grande potencial de informação, de fácil aplicação e com uma alta capacidade de previsão
Abstract: The reaction processes involving macromolecules in liquid phase represent a significant part of the studies aiming industrial and technological applications.These studies are in general performed aiming access the parameters of characterization that allows the optimiz ation of chemical and biotechnological processes. In this view, the needing of understand distinct physicochemical processes represent a point that deserves the attention of many laboratories due to the needing of improvement modeling systems that furnish more efficient and precise information about the protein behavior under solution. Although the most of the studies performed aiming to reach this goal are based on the processes of characterization developed by Gibbs-Duhen, deviations on the pressure/volume furnished by the ideal gas equation are usually observed and corrected by means of the activity coefficient. Thus, the structural basis of the Gibbs-Duhem approach is maintained in despite of more complexes systems sho ws a nonlinearbehavior that produces in some cases significant deviations. In the present studie s we observed that the processes of pressure dissociation/denaturation of macromolecules leads to significant errors in respect to the experimental data. In this case the correction of these approach by means of the activity coefficient was not possible since the characterization equations became very complex. The goal of the present work was than to find a new description for these complex systems that allows to determine the properties of system and a precise thermodynamic modeling of these kind of processes
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Coelho, Felipe Ramos. "Geração de novas correlações da soma-ponderada-de-gases-cinza para H2O e CO2 em alta pressão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164594.
Full textThermal radiation is often a very important heat transfer mechanism in high pressure combustion processes due to the presence of participating media and the high temperatures involved. Solving thermal radiation in participating media is a tough problem due to the integro-differential governing equation and the complex spectral dependence of radiation properties. Currently, the most accurate method to solve the spectral integration is the line-byline (LBL) method, which has a very high computational cost. In order to avoid this drawback the spectral problem is usually solved using spectral models, and as a consequence the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is simplified. One of the models is the weighted-sum-ofgray- gases (WSGG) which replaces the highly irregular spectral behavior of the absorption coefficient by bands of uniform absorption coefficients, and has shown great performance a lot of applications even though it is a very simple model. However, recently some authors didn’t have good results when trying to apply the WSGG to high pressure combustion problems. This thesis develops a WSGG model for both CO2 and H2O on high pressure conditions. In order to validate the model the total emittance is calculated using the WSGG coefficients and compared to the LBL solution which was obtained using the HITEMP 2010 spectral emissivity database. The results showed that the emittance values from both methods were very close even for high pressure values for both CO2 and H2O proving that the WSGG method is applicable to high pressure conditions. The model was also validated by calculating the radiative heat flux and source, and comparing them with the LBL method. H2O had better results for low pressures while CO2 had better results for higher pressures. The effect of total pressure on the LBL solution was higher for H2O, which might be the reason why deviations were higher at high pressure values.
Santos, Emerson Roberto. "Estudos de tratamentos superficiais em substratos de óxidos transparentes condutivos para a fabricação de dispositivos poliméricos eletroluminescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-26032009-175210/.
Full textIn this work superficial treatment on transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) were carried out and studied by application or finality for the assembly of electroluminescent polymeric devices. The mean intention by use of these processes is to decrease the threshold voltage and also increase the luminance of the devices, without interfering in the original TCOs transmittances. Three different treatment techniques were used: (a) oxygen plasma; (b) aqua regia and (c) UV-ozozne. In the he last one, a reactor was assembled using a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp (high intensity discharge lamp type) without outer bulb to provide the available UV radiation to obtain ozone from atmospheric air. This reactor with low cost and easy handle was mounted to accomplish an alternative process compared by other (oxygen plasma and aqua regia) and it has the main focus of this work compared from experimental results obtained by mounted devices using different TCOs. It was possible to confirm that the procedure from the UV-Ozone is reproducible, because it can replaced with advantages the other techniques that have expansive costs or special handling. The use of different treatment times as only variable on the imposed condition in the experiments, a sample was reserved without treatment for comparison during each obtained result. In comparison with other treatments the UV-Ozônio presented reproducibility. In this case was verified the undesirable contaminants eliminated as carbon and hydrocarbon and detected by DRIFT (Diffuse Reflectance Infra-Red Fourier Transformed) technique and better scattering of polymer (PEDOT:PSS) on surface by contact angle was observed. For ITO and FTO films the optimum period was observed during 5 minutes and ZnO during 15 minutes. The measurements results of sheet resistance, thickness and Hall effect revealed no significant changes confirming that the surfaces were influenced only atomically or molecularly only.
Costa, Jessica Santos Passos. "Excesso de peso, padr?o de consumo alimentar, parto ces?rio e press?o arterial em pr?-escolares." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2018. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/669.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
Overweight is one of the most common nutritional problems among children from developed and developing countries. Lifestyle changes including the food standard and physical inactivity brought changes on weight state with a potential effect to high the blood pressure. Chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular illness have been associated to cesarean section by its effects on bacterial colonization inside the gastrointestinal tract of children that were born by a cesarean. The study aims to discover the association between overweight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preschool according as food standard of consumption and the ones borned through a cesarean. This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective population-based cohort, started in 2004, Feira de Santana - BA. The overweight (overweight + obesity) was analyzed by the body mass index and definite out based on Word Health Organization reference. The P.A was considered elevated when it achieved pressure levels ? percentile 90, for the age, gender and height obeying to the recommendations by the Brazilian Cardiology Society. Food consumption was characterized by standards (standard 1: milks consumption and derivates, vegetables and greens, tubers, cereals, fruits and fish; standard 2: salted, soft drinks/ artificial juices, candies, oils and fats and coffee/tea; standard 3: sausages, fast-food, catchup/mayonnaise and eggs; standard 4: red meats and chicken. Assessed covariables were the children characteristics, demographic and reproductive maternal. Were evaluated 618 children (51,7% boys and 48,3% girls). Overweight occurred on 28,6% of children. PAS and PAD elevated values occurred on 17,2% and 5,6% respectively. Overweight was associated with a high PAS (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 ? 2,05) and a high PAD (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 ? 4,11). Food stands with a moderate to elevated consume of red meats and chicken were associated with ? high PAD (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Positive association between cesarean parturition and a high PAS (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). Overweight was a factor associated with ? high PAS/PAD; the average and elevate consume of red meats and chicken were associated with ? high PAD between children with six years old; and the cesarean parturition was associated with a high PAS among the sample of children.
O excesso de peso ? um dos problemas nutricionais mais comuns entre crian?as de pa?ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Altera??es no estilo de vida das crian?as, incluindo o padr?o alimentar e a inatividade f?sica, trouxeram mudan?as no estado do peso, com potencial efeito na eleva??o da press?o arterial. Doen?as cr?nicas, como obesidade e doen?as cardiovasculares, t?m sido associadas ao parto ces?reo, pelo seu efeito na coloniza??o bacteriana do tubo digest?rio de crian?as nascidas via cesariana. O objetivo do estudo foi averiguar a associa??o entre o excesso de peso e press?o arterial sist?lica (PAS) e diast?lica (PAD) de pr?-escolares, conforme padr?o de consumo alimentar e nascimento por parto ces?reo. Trata-se de uma an?lise transversal de uma coorte prospectiva de base populacional, iniciada em 2004, em Feira de Santana-BA. O sobrepeso (sobrepeso + obesidade) foi avaliado pelo ?ndice de Massa Corporal e definido com base na refer?ncia da Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de. A PA foi definida elevada, quando atingiu os n?veis press?ricos ? percentil 90, para idade, sexo e altura obedecendo as recomenda??es da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. O consumo alimentar foi caracterizado por padr?es (padr?o 1: consumo de leite e derivados, verduras e tub?rculos, cereais, leguminosas, frutas e pescados; padr?o 2: de salgadinhos, refrigerantes/sucos artificiais, doces, ?leos e gorduras e caf?/ch?.; padr?o 3: embutidos, fast-food, catchup/maionese e ovos; padr?o 4: carnes vermelhas e frango). As covari?veis avaliadas foram as caracter?sticas da crian?a, demogr?ficas e reprodutivas maternas. Foram avaliadas 618 crian?as (51,7% meninos e 48,3% meninas). O sobrepeso ocorreu em 28,6% das crian?as. Valores elevados de PAS e PAD ocorreram em 17,2% e 5,6%, respectivamente. O sobrepeso se associou ? PAS elevada (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 ? 2,05) e a PAD elevada (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 ? 4,11). O padr?o alimentar com consumo moderado a alto de carnes vermelhas e frango se associou ? PAD elevada (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Houve associa??o positiva entre parto ces?reo e a PAS elevada (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). O Sobrepeso foi fator associado ? PAS/PAD elevadas; o consumo moderado/alto de carnes vermelhas e frango se associou ? PAD elevada entre as crian?as aos seis anos de idade; e, o parto ces?reo se associou ? PAS elevada entre as crian?as da amostra.
Bastos, Silvio Cesar. "Efeito do aquecimento por indução eletromagnetica de tubos sem costura utilizados em motores a diesel." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264397.
Full textDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o efeito dos processos de recalque a frio e aquecimento por indução eletromagnética sobre as características da microestrutura e dureza do material de tubo de aço sem costura que é utilizado no transporte de fluxo de combustível em sistema de injeção de alta pressão. Por conduzir combustível, a característica de vedação é crítica para as interfaces de montagem destes tubos. Esta interface tem perfil cônico gerado pelo processo de recalque. A microestrutura obtida na região de vedação pode influenciar na dureza do material devido à conformação plástica ocasionada durante processo de recalque de perfil. Os valores de microdureza observados na região de recalque tendem a estar acima da dureza encontrada no material antes da conformação. Este acréscimo de dureza pode influenciar na vedação ocasionando vazamentos, caso o perfil cônico não tenha acomodação uniforme com o perfil da contra-peça, sendo esta o ""rail"" de distribuição ou a bomba de alta pressão de combustível. O processo de aquecimento por indução pode em condições controladas proporcionar alteração da microestrutura e dureza do material, conforme aquecimento e resfriamento desejados.
Abstract: This paper presents a study about the effect of cold upsetting and electromagnetic induction heating on microstructure and hardness characteristics of steel seamles pipe. This pipe studied is applied in fuel flow transport of high pressure fuel system. As fuel is transported the pipe sealing characteristic is critical on assembly interfaces of this pipe. This interface has conic profile produced at upsetting process. The hardness values observed on cold upsetting pipe has a trend to be higher than raw material. There microstructure changed can cause leakage if sealing contact area between conic profile of components has not accommodation enough, being high pressure pump or "rail". The hardness increase can reduce this sealing contact reducing deformation after tight-fitting. The induction heating process under controlled conditions can furnish change of microstructure and hardness material suitable for leak-tightness.
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
SANTOS, Bruno Aires dos. "Desenvolvimento e Validação de Método Indicativo de Estabilidades Para Comprimidos Revestidos de Metildopa." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17159.
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A metildopa (a-metil-3, 4-dighidro-l-fenilalanina) é um agente hipotensor de ação central, é uma pró-droga, que exerce sua ação anti-hipertensiva através de um metabólito ativo. A estabilidade é um importante parâmetro para avaliar a segurança, eficácia e qualidade exigidas para o registro sanitário de produtos farmacêuticos. Vários países publicam diretrizes para estabilidade farmacêutica. No Brasil, estes estudos devem ser conduzidos segundo o Guia para a Realização de Estudos de Estabilidade, publicada na resolução - RE n.01 de 29 de julho de 2005 e a RDC 58 de 20 de dezembro de 2013 que estabelece parâmetros para a notificação, identificação e qualificação de produtos de degradação em medicamentos com substâncias ativas sintéticas e semissintéticas, classificados como novos, genéricos e similares e dá outras providências. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver um método indicativo de estabilidade para comprimidos revestidos de metildopa 500mg, avaliando a especificidade e a seletividade deste método. Para avaliação da especificidade e seletividade do método foram mantidas amostras da metildopa matéria-prima, comprimido revestido 500mg e placebo nas seguintes condições de estresse: hidrólises (ácida, básica e neutra), oxidação e temperatura; as amostras também foram submetidas ao teste de fotoestabilidade. A seletividade do método também foi demonstrada após realização de testes com o padrão primário de metildopa contaminado com a impureza 3-O-metil-metildopa. Os resultados foram analisados segundo dados gerados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detector de arranjo de diodos (DAD). A 3-O-metildopa apresenta tempo de retenção relativo (TRR) de 1,37 frente à metildopa. A metildopa mostrou-se estável nas hidrólises neutras e ácida menos concentradas bem como na degradação térmica, oxidativa e na fotoestabilidade. Apresentou um decaimento muito acentuado nas condições básicas (NaOH 0,1 e 1,0M), sendo inadequado para o estudo de métodos indicativos de estabilidade como indica a RDC 58 de 2013. A condição mais severa da hidrolise ácida (HCl 5,0M) apresentou um teor de 77,80% para a matéria-prima e 82,99% para o comprimido revestido em comparação com o padrão de trabalho após 72 horas de estudo, ambos apresentaram um pico de degradação com TRR de aproximadamente 2,00. Na condição de hidrólise alcalina menos concentrada (NaOH 0,01M) apareceram produtos de degradação tanto na matéria-prima como para o comprimido revestido de metildopa, porém, o pico que apresenta área significativa apresenta TRR de 0.38 e o teor do fármaco foi de 73,49% para a matéria-prima e 74,48% para o comprimido revestido em comparação com o padrão de trabalho após 72 horas de estudo. Através das análises dos resultados obtidos utilizando as ferramentas de integração e de análise espectral para avaliação da similaridade e pureza dos picos, verifica-se que o método utilizado consegue detectar os produtos de degradação que venham a surgir durante os estudos de estabilidade. O método posteriormente foi validado utilizando como referências a RE 899 de 2003 e a norma técnica da ICH Q2 R1. O método desenvolvido e validado foi utilizado no estudo de estabilidade de um comprimido revestido de metildopa 500mg similar constante no mercado brasileiro, apresentando resultados dentro da especificação exigida para o produto.
Methyldopa (a-methyl-3,4-dihydro-l-phenylalanine) is a centrally acting antihypertensive agent, is a prodrug, which exerts its antihypertensive action through an active metabolite. Stability is an important parameter to evaluate the safety, efficacy and quality required for sanitary registration of pharmaceutical products. Several countries publish guidelines for pharmaceutical stability. In Brazil, the stability studies should be conducted according to the guide on conducting stability studies, published in the resolution RE 01 of July 29, 2005 and RDC 58 of December 20, 2013 laying down parameters for notification, identification and qualification of degradation products in medicine with synthetic and semi synthetic active substances classified as new, generic and similar and other measures. The aim of this study was to develop a stability indicating method for coated tablets 500mg of methyldopa following and evaluating the specificity and selectivity of this method. To assess the specificity and selectivity of the method of methyldopa samples were stored raw material, coated tablet 500mg and placebo in the following stress conditions: hydrolysis (acidic, basic and neutral), oxidation, light and temperature. The selectivity of the method was demonstrated after testing with the primary pattern methyldopa contaminated with impurity 3-O-methyl-methyldopa. The results were analyzed according to data generated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD). 3-O-methyl-methyldopa has RRT 1.37 front methyldopa. Methyldopa was stable in neutral and acidic hydrolysis less concentrated as well as thermal, oxidative degradation and photostability. Showed a dramatic decay in basic conditions (NaOH 0,1 and 1,0M) and unsuitable for the study of stability indicating methods as shown in the RDC 58/ 2013. The most severe conditions of acid hydrolysis (5,0M HCl) showed a content of 77.80 % for the raw material and 82.99 % for the coated tablet compared the standard of work after 72 hours of study, both showed a peak of degradation with TRR approximately 2,00. In the condition of less concentrated alkaline hydrolysis (0,01M NaOH) appeared both in the degradation products as raw material for the coated tablet methyldopa, however, the peak that shows significant area RRT 0,38 and shows content of the drug was 73,49% for raw and 74,48% for the coated tablet compared the standard of work after 72 hours of study. Through the analysis of the results obtained using the tools of integration and spectral analysis for assessing similarity and purity of the peaks, it is found that the method can detect possible degradation products that arise during the stability studies . The method was subsequently validated using as references to RE 899 2003 and the technical standards of the ICH Q2 R1. The developed and validated method was used on a tablet stability study coated methyldopa 500mg similar constant in the Brazilian market, presenting results within the specification required for the product.
Marín, Rubio Ingrid. "Nuevas aproximaciones metolodógicas para el diagnóstico de los trastornos motores esofágicos con manometría de alta resolución." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669908.
Full textThe gold standard for the diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders is based on the data obtained at the individual analysis of 10 swallows of 5 ml of water performed by HRM, in supine position. These measurements obtained, and according to the Chicago criteria, will give us the diagnosis. In the present thesis we have been evaluating the utility of an overload intake, which consists in the rapid intake of 200 ml of water. To do this, the pressures of the esophageal body and the UEG produced by the challenge test in the different esophageal motor pathologies have been evaluated. With this, we observe that different esophageal motor pathologies have different pressive responses to the test and thus establish specific motor response patterns for each group of motor disorders. These patterns are the normal or hypopressive pattern, presented by healthy subjects and patients with hypotensive or minor motor disorders, the brief or non-obstructive hyperpressive pattern, shared by patients diagnosed with a hypercontractile esophagus and esophageal spasm and finally the obstructive pattern, observed in patients with achalasia. Once the patterns were established, the test was performed in a large cohort of healthy subjects from different countries, to establish normal values for the challenge test of the different pressive parameters. Finally, the ability of the test to assess the response to treatment responses in patients with obstruction due to achalasia was determined and it was observed that the successful treatment of these was associated with the disappearance of the obstructive pattern in response to the challenge test. Thus, the specific motor response patterns to the RDC test are a useful tool in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with esophageal motor disorders and they allow an objective assessment of their impact on esophageal emptying, which can be a useful tool to decide the treatment or the retreatment need for these patients.
Rodovalho, Diógenes Simão. "Amplificadores de tensão utilizados para injetar formas de ondas sintetizadas em lâmpadas HPS." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14330.
Full textThe objectives of this work and present a class D amplifiers and full-bridge class D amplifier used to supply one or more high pressure sodium lamps (HPS). In this work, the lamps are feed a synthesized waveform to avoid acoustic resonance. The waveform injected contains a fundamental frequency around 1kHz and its third harmonic. The injection waveform synthesized prevents acoustic resonance the spread power the lamp in spectrum frequency. The ease of control of Class D amplifiers ensures a waveform without major changes in relation to entry. The control strategy and operation of the amplifiers stages have been shown. Studies were presented the strategies used to avoid acoustic resonance and detailed analysis of the injection waveform synthesized. The results of the simulations and practical results obtained were presented.
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a utilização de amplificadores classe D e um nova topologia de amplificador full-bridge, classe D, para acionar uma ou mais lâmpadas de Alta Pressão de Sódio (HPS). As lâmpadas são alimentadas por uma forma de onda sintetizada para evitar a ressonância acústica, onde a forma de onda contém uma frequência fundamental de 1kHz e sua terceira harmônica. Essa técnica é utilizada para evitar o surgimento da ressonância acústica, espalhando no espectro da frequência a potência distribuída na lâmpada. A facilidade do controle dos amplificadores classe D garante uma forma de onda sem grandes variações em relação à entrada. A estratégia de controle e as etapas de funcionamento dos amplificadores são apresentadas juntamente ao estudo das técnicas utilizadas para evitar a ressonância acústica e a análise detalhada sobre a injeção da forma de onda sintetizada. Os resultados das simulações e os resultados práticos obtidos foram apresentados.
Doutor em Ciências
Meira, Alianise da Silva. "Avaliação de condições experimentais de estudos in vitro de permeação / retenção cutânea empregando pele suína para creme comercial e nanoemulsão contendo penciclovir." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143493.
Full textIn vitro percutaneous absorption studies are an important tool for evaluation of semisolid and transdermal formulations. Although there are a large number of official guides concerned with methodological harmonization in many parameters they remain flexible and it is possible to see the wide variety and differences reported in the literature. The aim of study was to evaluate some parameters regarding the in vitro studies as the mode of skin layers separation, skin frozen stability and permeability difference of anatomical sites. These studies were conducted with porcine skin and formulations (conventional and novel) using penciclovir as model drug. Initially, nanoemulsions were prepared using high pressure homogenization, characterized and incorporated into carbomer 940 gel and evaluated for topical delivery using porcine skin. Simultaneously with the development of the formulation, analytical method for quantification of the drug in the formulations and porcine skin layers was developed and validated. The nanoemulsions presented themselves monodisperse with droplet diameter of 180-200 nm, zeta potential of about -27 mV and penciclovir content of 98% maintaining their structure after incorporation into carbomer 940. The analytical methodology was shown to have high sensitivity (LOQ 0.05 μg/mL), specificity and adequate recovery of drug from the biological matrices (90-104%). Regarding the in vitro comparison methodologies, it was observed that, depending on the solubility of the drug in water and the characteristics of the formulation, the classical separation is not the most suitable for separation of the skin layers. For the stability of frozen porcine skin, the results indicate a significant increase in permeability and penetrability after one month of freezing. Within the anatomical sites tested, there was no difference between the abdomen and ear porcine skin since obtained before the scald procedure.
Costa, Rafael Eduardo da. "Sistematização do projeto de reatores eletrônicos para alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio em alta pressão para iluminação pública." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8461.
Full textThis thesis presents an electronic ballast prototype to supply high-pressure sodium lamps used in public lighting. The goal is to develop a commercial approach able to replace the still commonly used electromagnetic ballasts, performing improvements in the public lighting system. Along this thesis, the state of art in lighting area is presented, especially in public lighting. Following, a bibliographic review about electronic ballasts to supply highpressure sodium lamps is done. Special attention is given to the low frequency square waveform supplying method, which is used in this thesis. Also, the features desired in electronic ballasts so they can operate the lamp reliably and according to the standards are discussed. From this review, the proposed topology is defined and its design is presented. A discrete control method is developed to guarantee the safe operation of the ballast during all lamp stages. A microcontroller is used to perform the control routines. Finally, experimental results are obtained, validating the proposed work.
Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistematização do projeto de um reator eletrônico para alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio em alta pressão, para aplicação em iluminação pública. Com isto, pretende-se criar um dispositivo que venha a substituir os reatores eletromagnéticos, ainda comumente utilizados nesta aplicação, de modo a proporcionar melhorias nos atuais sistemas de iluminação pública. Ao longo deste trabalho, é feita uma revisão do estado da arte na área de iluminação, dando ênfase à iluminação pública. Em seguida, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos métodos de alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio a partir de reatores eletrônicos, destacando-se a alimentação deste tipo de lâmpada com forma de onda quadrada em baixa freqüência, método utilizado neste trabalho. Também são discutidas as características que um reator eletrônico deve possuir para enquadrar-se nas normas vigentes e alimentar a lâmpada de forma confiável. A partir desta revisão, a topologia proposta é definida e seu projeto é apresentado. Uma metodologia de controle discreto é desenvolvida de forma a garantir a operação adequada do reator durante todas as etapas de funcionamento da lâmpada. Um microcontrolador é utilizado para executar as rotinas de controle. Finalmente, resultados experimentais são obtidos, de forma a validar o trabalho proposto.
Guerra, Neto Dival de Brito. "Determina??o de dados de equil?brio l?quido-vapor a altas press?es para sistemas de hidrocarbonetos assim?tricos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15799.
Full textCrude oil is a complex liquid mixture of organic and inorganic compounds that are dominated by hydrocarbons. It is a mixture of alkanes from the simplest to more complex aromatic compounds that are present derivatives such as gasoline, diesel, alcohol, kerosene, naphtha, etc.. These derivatives are extracted from any oil, however, only with a very high quality, in other words, when the content of hydrocarbons of low molecular weight is high means that production of these compounds is feasible. The American Petroleum Institute (API) developed a classification system for the various types of oil. In Brazil, the quality of most of the oil taken from wells is very low, so it is necessary to generate new technology to develop best practices for refining in order to produce petroleum products of higher commercial value. Therefore, it is necessary to study the thermodynamic equilibrium properties of its derivative compounds of interest. This dissertation aims to determine vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the systems Phenilcyclohexane - CO2, and Cyclohexane - Phenilcyclohexane - CO2 at high pressure and temperatures between 30 to 70oC. Furthermore, comparisons between measured VLE experimental data from this work and from the literature in relation to the Peng- Robinson molecular thermodynamic model, using a simulation program SPECS IVCSEP v5.60 and two adjustable interaction parameters, have been performed for modeling and simulation purposes. Finally, the developed apparatus for determination of phase equilibrium data at high pressures is presented
O petr?leo bruto ? uma complexa mistura l?quida de compostos org?nicos e inorg?nicos em que predominam os hidrocarbonetos, desde os alcanos mais simples at? os arom?ticos mais complexos. Nessa mistura encontram-se presentes derivados como gasolina, diesel, ?lcool, querosene, nafta, g?soleos, etc., estes derivados s?o extra?dos de qualquer petr?leo, por?m, somente os com uma qualidade bastante elevada, ou seja, com teor de hidrocarbonetos de baixo peso molecular alto s?o realmente vi?veis a produ??o destes compostos. A American Petroleum Institute (API) desenvolveu um sistema de classifica??o dos tipos de petr?leo. No Brasil a qualidade da maioria dos petr?leos retirado dos po?os ? muito baixa, sendo assim, ? necess?rio obter novos conhecimentos a fim de desenvolver melhores pr?ticas de refino com o intuito de produzir derivados de petr?leo de alto valor comercial. Para isso se faz necess?rio o estudo de equil?brio termodin?mico de seus derivados. Esta disserta??o de mestrado consiste em determinar dados de equil?brio l?quido-vapor dos sistemas Fenilciclohexano - CO2 e Fenilciclohexano - Ciclohexano e CO2 a alta press?o e temperaturas entre 30 a 70 graus Celsius. Compara??es entres os dados experimentais de equil?brio liquidovapor encontrados no laborat?rio e na literatura foram realizadas em rela??o aos valores obtidos pelo modelo termodin?mico molecular de Peng-Robinson usando o programa computacional SPECS IVCSEP v5.60, com dois par?metros de intera??o ajust?veis, para fins de modelagem e simula??o. Al?m disso, ? apresentado o desenvolvimento de um equipamento de alta press?o no laborat?rio para determina??o de dados de equil?brio de fases
Mayta, Hancco Jhony. "Uso de la homogeneización por ultra alta presión (UHPH) para la mejora de quesos con contenido reducido en grasa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666845.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UHPH on cream milk and their inclusion as ingredient in the elaboration of reduced-fat cheeses. For this purpose, a preliminary study of the effect of the incorporation of creams treated by UHPH in the skimmed milk was carried out in order to determine the properties of enzymatic coagulation, potential cheese yield and microstructure of gels. Four types of milk were elaborated from pasteurized skimmed milk and pasteurized cream at 65 ºC for 30 min (LP), homogenised-pasteurized cream at 15 MPa, 65 ºC for 30 min (LPH), cream treated by UHPH at 300 MPa and inlet temperature (Ti) = 40 °C (LUH) and cream added with 1,5% sodium caseinate and treated by UHPH at 300 MPa and Ti = 40 °C (LUHC). The homogenisation treatments modified the enzymatic coagulation properties of milk, reducing the micellar aggregation rate and the gel firmness, in comparison to milk added with pasteurized cream. The UHPH treatment of creams improved the potential cheese yield of milks compare to conventional homogenisation. This yield was higher in cream treated by UHPH added with 1.5% of sodium caseinate, reaching similar yields to those obtained with whole milk. The next phase was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of creams treated by UHPH in cheese milk on the physicochemical, microbiological, sensory, colour and texture characteristics of reduced-fat fresh cheeses, compared to cheeses made with creams treated by conventional methods (conventional homogenisation and/or pasteurization) during 7 days of storage at 4 ºC. Five different types of fresh cheeses were elaborated from milks at 1,5% of fat, LP, LPH, LUH and LUHC to obtained cheeses reduced in fat QPf, QPHf, QUHf and QUHC, respectively. A cheese with milk at 3,2% of fat was also made by the addition of pasteurized cream (QEf). The homogenisation treatments (conventional and UHPH) of cream produced fresh cheese with a compact protein matrix. However, the addition of sodium caseinate before UHPH treatment produced reduced-fat cheeses (QUHCf) with textural properties and sensorial characteristics similar to whole milk cheeses, compared to cheese made from treated cream by conventional homogenisation, which was described by the panellist as hardest and with granular texture. Likewise, lipolysis and lipid oxidation was lower in the QUHCf compared to the QPHf. From the previous study, the best treatments applied in the preparation of fresh cheeses were selected, and a trial of incorporation of cream treated by UHPH in cheese milk was carried out studying the physicochemical, biochemical, sensory, colour and texture characteristics of reduced-fat ripened cheeses, compared to cheese made from pasteurized cream during 60 days of ripening. Three different types of ripened cheeses were elaborated: cheese with milk at 3,2% of fat with NP (QEm) and two reduced-fat cheeses made with LP (QPm) and LUHC (QUHCm), respectively. The reduction of fat content in cheese-making milk produced a decrease in cheese yield, increasing pH and moisture of ripened cheeses compared to those made with whole milk. All matured cheese showed similar lipid oxidation and secondary proteolysis. Cheeses made with cream treated by UHPH more caseinate showed lower levels of lipolysis and volatile compounds and greater hardness and luminosity compared to those made with pasteurization treatment. These results are in accordance with the described by the panellist as cheeses with less aroma and greater hardness and whiteness.
Oliveira, Thales Leandro Coutinho de 1985. "High pressure processing optimization for low-sodium sliced ready-to-eat turkey breast with additional natural antimicrobial hurdle = Otimização do processamento a alta pressão para embutido de peru fatiado com teor reduzido de sódio combinado à uma barreira antimicrobiana natural." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254841.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A redução do cloreto de sódio nas formulações de alimentos processados representa um grande desafio para indústria moderna, tendo em vista a relação estabelecida entre o consumo elevado de sódio e a ocorrência da hipertensão arterial, principal fator de risco associado à ocorrência de distúrbios do cérebro e cardiovasculares. Em produtos cárneos, além de atuar sobre aspectos sensoriais e de textura, o sal desempenha papel chave sobre sua estabilidade microbiológica. Uma simples redução pode resultar em produtos instáveis durante sua vida de prateleira. Logo, para que estratégias de redução de sal sejam implementadas de maneira segura, faz-se necessário a aplicação de tecnologias ou agentes de preservação complementares. Tecnologias emergentes não-térmicas de inativação microbiana como o processamento à Alta Pressão (HPP - High Pressure Processing) surgem como opções factíveis para tal propósito, eliminando a dependência de conservantes químicos em face à redução de sal. A adição de agentes antimicrobianos naturais como barreiras adicionais à HPP (Tecnologia de Múltiplas Barreiras), visando potencializar os efeitos conservadores, têm sido apontada como uma promissora tendência na literatura moderna. Diante deste exposto, após determinação da formulação de trabalho com teor reduzido de sódio, a pesquisa objetivou ajustar as variáveis de processo "carga de pressão" e "tempo de residência" (utilizando baixas temperaturas de 25°C) para o processamento de embutido de peito peru fatiado embalado a vácuo (tipo "Blanquet"). Foram avaliadas respostas de inativação microbiana pós-processo (reduções logarítmicas) para populações inoculadas do patógeno Listeria monocytogenes e bactérias ácido láticas deterioradoras incluindo as espécies Leuconostoc mesenteroides e Lactobacillus sakei; também foram avaliados os atributos de qualidade incluindo cor, atividade de água, pH, sinerese, textura e oxidação lipídica. Em adição, visando à utilização de tecnologia de múltiplas barreiras para conservação, foi estudado o efeito da adição do componente bioativo carvacrol em concentrações de 200ppm, na formulação do produto. Empregando estratégia de simples redução, sem a adição sais substitutos, após avaliação de aspectos físico-químicos, sensoriais e microbiológicos, concluiu-se que níveis de 30% de redução de sal (cerca de 25% menos sódio) sobre o controle formulado com 20g/kg, são viáveis; entretanto, foi evidenciada redução da estabilidade microbiológica. Após avaliação de diferentes faixas de pressão e tempo de processo, seguindo os critérios exigidos de desempenho para inativação pós-processo de Listeria monocytogenes (4-5 reduções logarítmicas), um valor de 600MPa/180 segundos a 25°C se apresentou como um tratamento adequado para o produto com baixo teor de sódio estudado, promovendo reduções logarítmicas eficazes contra o patógeno-alvo estudado e a microbiota deteriorante. Alterações instrumentais (p<0.05) em alguns dos atributos de qualidade avaliados puderam ser destacadas principalmente sinerese, oxidação lipídica e textura; porém são necessários estudos mais amplos de análise sensorial. Adicionalmente, dados apresentados demonstraram que os consumidores não foram capazes de diferir o produto low-sodium processado por alta pressão isostática (600MPa/180sec/25°C) de um não pressurizado; de fato, apesar dos efeitos instrumentais significativos, estas alterações parecem não ser identificadas pelos consumidores. A adição de uma barreira natural complementar, o carvacrol, em níveis sensorialmente aceitáveis, foi capaz de potencializar os efeitos de inativação pós-processo (reduções logarítimicas) dos grupos microbianos alvo; efeitos benéficos combinados ao longo da estocagem refrigerada do produto também foram evidenciados por meio de reduzidas taxas de crescimento e fase lag aumentada, maximizando assim o potencial de conservação. A utilização combinada de HPP e carvacrol representou uma alternativa promissora contra fenômenos de injúrias sub-letais e recuperação celular. Sugere-se que a intensidade do processo HPP (em termos de carga de pressão, tempo de processo e temperatura) necessária para inativar microrganismos em níveis requeridos, possa ser reduzida na presença de barreiras antimicrobianas adicionais, garantindo a qualidade total do produto processado em condições mais amenas. Em adição, uma série de vantagens industriais podem ser destacadas tais como a redução de custos para a instalação de equipamento inicial e de manutenção (equipamentos operando em cargas mais baixas); e maximização da produção de processamento por ciclos efetivamente encurtados (ciclos de produtividade mais elevados por hora)
Abstract: The reduction of sodium chloride in processed food formulations represents a great challenge for modern industry, considering the relationship established between high sodium intake and the occurrence of arterial hypertension, the major risk factor associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. In meat products, in addition to acting on sensory quality and texture, salt plays a key role on the microbiological stability. A simple reduction can result in unstable products during their shelf-life. Therefore, for the success of salt reduction strategies implemented safely, it is necessary the application of complementary technologies or alternative preservatives. Non-thermal emerging technologies for microbial inactivation, such as High Pressure Processing (HPP), appear as feasible alternative for this purpose, eliminating the dependence of chemical preservatives considering the reduction of salt barrier. The addition of natural antimicrobial agents as additional hurdles (Multi Hurdle Technology) to the HPP, aiming to enhance the preservative effects, has been identified as a promising trend in modern literature. Given this exposed, after determination of low-sodium working formulation, this research aimed adjust the processing variables "pressure load" and "dwell time" (using low-processing temperatures of 25°C) for sliced vacuum-packaged ready-to-eat turkey breast. Post-processing microbial inactivation responses were evaluated (by logarithmic reductions) against inoculated populations of the target pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and spoilage lactic acid bacteria including Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus sakei; were also evaluated quality-attributes including color, water activity, pH, syneresis, texture and lipid oxidation. In addition, in order to use multiple barriers for preservation technology, was studied the effect of adding bioactive component, carvacrol at concentrations of 200ppm in the product formulation. Employing a simple reduction strategy, without adding salt substitutes, after evaluation of physicochemical aspects, sensory and microbiological, it was concluded that levels of 30% NaCl reduction (aproximatelly 25% less sodium) on the control made with 20g/kg, are viable; however, problems with microbiological stability were evidenced. After evaluation of different pressure ranges and processing time, following the performance criteria required for post-inactivation process Listeria monocytogenes (4-5 log reduction), a value of 600MPa/180 seconds at 25°C was presented with an adequate treatment for studied product with low sodium content, promoting effective logarithmic reductions against the studied target pathogen and spoilage LAB. Instrumental changes (p<0.05) in some of the evaluated quality attributes could be revealed mainly in syneresis, lipid oxidation and texture; however, a sensory confirmation needs to be established. Additionally, data presented showed that consumers have not been able to differ low-sodium products processed by HPP (600MPa/180sec/25°C) and unpressurised; in fact, despite significant instrumental effects, these changes seems to be not identified by consumers. The addition of natural barrier, such as carvacrol at acceptable sensory levels (200ppm), was able to potentiate the effects of post-process inactivation (logarithmic reductions) of the target microbial groups; combined benefit effects along the refrigerated product storage were also evidenced by reduced growth rates and increased lag phases, thus maximizing their potential for conservation. The combination of HPP and carvacrol represented a promising weapon against phenomena of sub-lethal injuries and cell recovery. It is suggested that the intensity of the HPP process (in terms of pressure load, process time and temperature) required to inactivate microorganisms in required levels, may be reduced in the presence of additional microbial barriers, ensuring the overall quality of the processed product under mild processing conditions. In addition, a number of industrial advantages can be highlighted such as reduced costs for the initial installation and maintenance equipment (low required pressure loads) and maximization of production by effectively processing cycles shortened (higher productivity cycles per hour)
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Maurer, Simon Alexander. "Multidisziplinäre Formoptimierung modularer Grundgeometrien für Druckgussbauteile mit strömungs- und strukturmechanischen Zielfunktionen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-197331.
Full textThe virtual development process of an automotive casting part usually begins with classical design tasks and analyses of material strength, stiffness and crash load cases. In the next step, often in cooperation with external suppliers, the tooling concept is developed and casting simulations are used to ensure manufacturability. During manufacturing there is a scatter in process parameters, such as flow velocity or temperature levels, which in turn cause a scatter in the performance of the final product (e.g. local elongation at fracture or ultimate tensile strength). Means to increase process stability and yield are often limited to knowledge-based improvements of the manufacturing process parameters and adaptations of the gating and overflow system. Major changes to the part geometry are usually no longer possible due to project time constraints. Therefore it is the goal of this thesis to optimize modularized basic geometries, like ribs or bends, by using numerical shape optimizations and employ them right from the beginning of the part development process. For the objective functions of the optimizations the disciplines of fluid dynamic filling and the resulting structural behaviour are considered. In addition, the resulting shape is analyzed with regards to robustness towards scatter in manufacturing operating conditions. By using these new modularized geometries the overall robustness of the final product is expected to be increased
Marcos, Muntal Begonya. "Mejora de la seguridad alimentaria en productos cárnicos listos para el consumo mediante la aplicación combinada de tecnologías de conservación emergentes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7797.
Full textThe growing demand of minimally processed ready to eat food products raises a challenge for the food safety and has derived in the development of mild treatments effective to inhibit microbial growth without damaging food quality. The articles collected in this work studied the application of some strategies consisting of a combination of hurdles to inhibit microbial growth in order to improve the safety of ready to eat meat products. On one hand, the combined effect of high pressure processing and addition of starter cultures to improve the safety of low acid fermented sausages (fuet and chorizo) was assessed. On the other hand, the combination of high pressure processing and addition of natural antimicrobials (lactate-diacetate and enterocins), added directly or included in antimicrobial packaging, in order to reduce the risk of L. monocytogenes during storage of sliced cooked ham was evaluated.
Jian, Mao-Hong, and 簡茆汯. "A Study of Relationship among Senior High School Part-time Administrative Teacher’s Leadership, Work Pressure, and Job Satisfaction." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42472428745460014012.
Full text國立彰化師範大學
教育研究所
98
A Study of Relationship among Senior High School Part-time Administrative Teacher’s Leadership, Work Pressure, and Job Satisfaction Advisor:Gwo-Jen Lin Author:Mao-Hong Jian Abstract The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among the senior high school teacher’s leadership,work pressure,and job satisfaction .A total of 492 teachers were sampled as research subjects from senior high school in Taichung city and Taichung Changhua Nantou county .First, this study analyzed the differences among the senior high school Part-time administrative teacher’s leadership, work pressure, and job satisfaction with different backgrounds .Then, to find out how different variants(e.g. gender, service years)influence teacher’s leadership, work pressure and job satisfaction .Finally, to disscussed the relevance between leadership and work pressure, leadership and job atisfaction ,and work pressure and job satisfaction . The data was collected by a questionnaire survey,The instrument of this study was “Questionnaire of the leadership,work pressure,and job satisfaction of teachers in senior high school” .After questionnaire were collected,descriptive statistics,t-test,one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s product-moment correlation were used to analyze the research data. Conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Teachers holding part-time administrative jobs display more consideration leadership than initial-structure leadership. 2. Teachers holding part-time administrative jobs show the highest work ressure in terms of ‘Workload.” 3. Teachers holding part-time administrative jobs show the highest job satisfaction in terms of “Superior .” 4. With regard to e.g. , gender, Marriage,teaching years, Administrative years,education,departmentand different school , teachers who hold part-time administrative jobs obviously display different leadership styles. 5. With regard to gender, teaching years,and department, teachers who hold part-time administrative jobs obviously display different work pressure. 6. With regard to gender,teaching years, education , and department teachers who hold part-time administrative jobs obviously show different degrees of job satisfaction. 7. Both consideration leadership and initial-structure leadership are in positive correlation with work pressure. 8. Both consideration leadership and initial-structure leadership are in positive correlation with job satisfaction. 9. The work pressure of teachers who hold part-time administrative jobs is in negative correlation with the degree of job satisfaction . Finally, some suggestions for educational administrative systems ,and future researches were proposed according to the results of this study. Keywords: consideration leadership, initial-structure leadership, work ressure, job satisfaction .
Wen, Liu Hsiu, and 劉秀文. "The study on the school president’s leadership transformation toward the part time administration teacher’s job satisfaction, pressure and willingness – taking the senior high schools in Taitung County as examples." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5k9d8y.
Full text國立臺東大學
教育學系(所)
98
The aim of this study is to understand the senior high school president’s leadership transformation as well as the part-time administration teacher’s job satisfaction, working pressure and willingness to serve the administration job. This study conducted a survey-questionnaire targeting on the administration teachers of the senior high schools in Taitung County. Further, this research distributed 133 questionnaires and received 124 valid questionnaires which accounts for 93% of the sample population. Based on the data, the SPSS12.0 was used to conduct the statistic analysis and data analysis while the descriptive statistic method and other related statistic methods including the frequency percentage, t-test, single factor variance analysis, Scheff’s method were applied to analyze the data. The findings of the research are as the followings: 1. The part-time administration teachers of the senior high schools in Taitung County have a positive perception toward the school president’s leadership transformation especially toward the perspective of “building the vision”. 2. Some background variable part-time administration teachers have significant different perceptions toward the school president’s leadership transformation such as school attribute and position etc... 3. The part-time administration teachers have the highest job satisfaction on “job content while the “mental satisfaction” and “promotion and welfare” are in the next place. Some of the background variable part-time administration teachers have significant different satisfaction on their part-time administration job such as school attribute, education and position etc... 4. The source of the part-time administration teacher’s working pressure primarily comes from the “administration work-load”. The degree of the overall pressure is below average. With regard to the background variable, there is a significant difference in working pressure among the part-time administration teachers with different school scope backgrounds. 5. The willingness of the part-time administration teachers in Taitung County is primarily based on the “voluntary” perspective. Some of the background variable part-time administration teachers have significant differences in their willingness for taking the administrative job such as school attribute, education and position. 6. The school president’s leadership transformation is significantly associated with the teacher’s willingness for taking the administrative job. Moreover, the part-time administration teaches’ job satisfaction is significantly associated with their willingness for serving the second job.
Lin, Shu-Chiao, and 林書巧. "Part I:Simultaneous determination of three triazole antifungal drugs in human plasma by using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatographyPart II:Determination of saikosaponin A, B2 and D in Bupleuri radix and biological samples by ultra-high-pressure." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54753341230488350360.
Full text國立臺灣大學
藥學研究所
98
Part I : Simultaneous determination of three triazole antifungal drugs in human plasma by using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography Invasive fungal infection is a life-threatening condition; its occurrence has increased significantly over the past 20 years. Voriconazole is a high potency triazole antifungal drugs, and it’s the drug of choice of invasive Aspergillosis. We have developed a sensitive and efficient sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) method to quantify voriconazole, a potent triazole antifungal drug, in patient plasma. Solid phase extraction (SPE) conditions were first optimized to minimize plasma interference while maintaining a high recovery; the sweeping-MEKC conditions were then systematically optimized to obtain a high sweeping efficiency with good selectivity. Under the optimal analytical conditions, voriconazole was baseline-separated from endogenous materials within 10.5 min with a limit of detection of 0.075 μg mL-1. The background electrolyte comprised 40 mM phosphoric acid, 110 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 20% acetonitrile. In terms of method repeatability, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the migration time and the peak area (intra-day; n = 3) were both less than 5.5%; in terms of intermediate precision, and the RSDs of the peak area and the migration time (inter-day; n = 3) were both less than 6.3%. We successfully applied this developed method to the quantitative determination of plasma voriconazole levels in 16 patients; the results correlated well with those obtained through analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography. Like voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole are triazole antifungal drugs, and used to treat invasive fungal infection. These drugs show great individual difference of pharmacokinetic behaviors, so therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs is recommended to improve outcome of treatment. Therefore, we further developed a sensitive and efficient sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) method to quantify itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole in human plasma. The sweeping-MEKC conditions were modified and then systematically optimized. Under the optimal analytical conditions, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole were baseline-separated from endogenous materials within 13 min with a limit of detection of 0.033 μg mL-1、0.016 μg mL-1、0.041 μg mL-1, respectively. The background electrolyte comprised 25 mM phosphoric acid, 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 13% acetonitrile and 13% THF. In terms of method repeatability, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the migration time and the peak area (intra-day; n = 5) were both less than 9.6%; in terms of intermediate precision, and the RSDs of the migration time and the peak area (inter-day; n = 3) were both less than 10.9%. This sweeping-MEKC method is accurate and efficient and appears to be applicable to therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical research. IXAbstract ( II ) Part II:Determination of saikosaponin A, B2 and D in Bupleuri radix and biological samples by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Saikosaponins are bioactive oleanane saponins derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Bupleuri radix. Pharmacological activities of saikosaponins include anti-inflammation, antihepatitis, antihepatoma, antinephritis, antibacterial effects and immunomodulation. Among various saikosaponins, saikosaponin A(SSa) and saikosaponin D(SSd) are reported to play the major roles in producing these pharmacological activities whereas saikosaponin B2(SSb2) is the metabolite of saikosaponin D in gastric juice. HPLC-UV was the most frequently used technique for saikosaponins determination, but it’s not sensitive enough to analyze plasma samples. Recently, the LC-MS technique was applied to analyze saikosaponins in Chinese multiherb remedy, but it takes long analytical time and seldom LC-MS methods were applied to analyze saikosaponins in animal biological fluid. In the present study, an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to analyze saikosaponin A, B2 and D. Using 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase with gradient elution, saikosaponin A, B2 and D can be baseline separated within 20 minutes. The detection was performed with triple quadruple mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization in positive-ion mode and selective ion monitoring. To reach the best sensitivity, several mass spectrometry parameters were systemically optimized. Relative standard deviation(RSD) of the run-to-run repeatability and intermediate precision of the retention time were both within 0.9% RSD. Run-to-run repeatability and intermediate precision of the retention time were both within 5.9% RSD. The detection limit of saikosaponin A, B2 and D are 0.22 ng mL-1、0.31 ng mL-1and 0.33 ng mL-1 respectively. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method is sensitive and efficient, and it could be applied to quantify saikosaponin A, B2 and D in Bupleuri radix and biological samples.
Chiu, Ming-Yuan, and 丘明遠. "Effect of groove shape in ball parts on tribological properties under high contact pressure." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4d6525.
Full text國立虎尾科技大學
機械與機電工程研究所
103
The article discusses orbit movement of the single ball in different groove shape and contact angle. Meanwhile, it designs a innovative experiment machine for the single ball, where the experiment on different initial contact angle(Gothic, V type, trapezoid type) under high contact pressure can be operated, on the condition of different orbit groove shape, which is supposed to be one of the development direction of Heavy-Duty Ball Screw, All-Electric Injection Molding Machine and Ball Bearings. The experiment result shows that in the case of fixed axial load and rotation speed, contact pressure changes with initial contact angle, axial load and contact angle. Gothic groove shape loads in same axial, rotation speed increases; Gothic groove shape loads in same rotation speed, contact angle and offset increase. Contact angle increasing leads to normal load increasing, so friction coefficient increases accordingly. If contact pressure increasing, friction coefficient and contact pressure can be reduced effectively and transmission efficiency can be increased by Gothic groove shape increasing groove shape factor properly and reducing initial contact angle. Trapezoid type and V type load in same axial, rotation speed increases; they load in same rotation speed, contact angle and offset increase, which lead to normal load and contact pressure increase. The only difference from Gothic groove shape is that Trapezoid type and V type increase initial contact angle, which can reduce friction coefficient. In the case of high load and rotation speed, the experiment result shows, when Gothic groove shape factor is 0.55, initial contact angle is 45°, friction coefficient is lower that with 0.52 Trapezoid type and V type. In addition, in the case of high load and low rotation speed, when initial contact angle of V type is 55°, friction coefficient is the lowest compared to that on other conditions.
Rosendo, Eduardo Castro Falcão Gonçalves. "Contributo para o estudo da aplicação da tecnologia de alta pressão hidrostática na conservação do cogumelo Pleurotus ostreatus." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/11523.
Full textPleurotus ostreatus mushrooms owns his popularity mainly to a relatively simple method of cultivation, high nutritional value and unique flavour. In Portugal the main way of commercialization of this mushroom is in his fresh form, packaged in polystyrene trays and overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, who causes a rapidly loss of quality, having a short life shelf, due to his high respiration rate, microbiological susceptibility and enzymatic browning sensibility. The economic losses associated with this mushrooms are reflected in his final cost, so it is necessary to find new ways of commercialization, enhancing the shelf life of the product. Because of the growing use and development that High Pressure Processing technology is gaining in food industry, this technology emerge as a viable alternative conservation technique of mushrooms. The objective of this work was to study, the isolated effect and the combined effect with citric acid (1%) that HPP technology has on Pleurotus mushrooms immediately after processing and during storage (21 days at 4ºC). Fresh mushrooms obtained two hours before, were processed with 600 MPA during 10 minutes. No pressurized samples and packaged conventionalloy (polystyrene trays and overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride) were used as control. Physico-chemical tests - nutritional composition, weight loss, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, instrumental parameters of colour and texture – and microbiological quality indexes (aerobic mesophilic, psychrophilic, yeasts and molds, total coliforms, E.coli and spores from sulfite-reducing clostridia were done in all samples, in initial day and in day 3, 7, 14, e 21. Two different batches of mushrooms were used. The nutritional evaluation of fresh mushrooms showed that they are made primarily by water (91,54 ± 0,05 - batch 1 and 90,86 ± 0,09 - batch 2), having in the content of dry matter, carbohydrates (79,84 ± 0,28 - batch 1 and 81,22 ± 0,41 - batch 2), minerals (9,98 ± 0,32 – batch 1 and 8,78 ± 0,24 - batch 2) and proteins (8,23 ± 0,15 – batch 1 and 8,14 ± 0,36 – batch 2), but they are low in fat (2,43 ± 0,09 - batch 1 and 1,33 ± 0,01 - batch 2). During the conservation of mushrooms of the control sample, the weight loss was more prominent in the first seven days, reaching 8,44 ± 2,68 and 15,08 ± 2,62 in batch 1 and 2 respectively. Regarding the tecnhology tests, the physico-chemical parameters demonstrate that pH and SSC contents have significant diferences between all samples. Samples treated with high pressure (P) and with high pressure and citric acid (AP) experienced a decrease in pH compared to control (C) and to the sample conserved only with citric acid (A). The content of SSC in P samples increase regarding to control samples, being the only treatment that this happens. The treatments that involve citric acid reduced significantly the SSC of mushrooms. Concerning the colour measurements, all treatments shown a darkening of the samples (reduction in lightness, L*), as well as a reduction in red tonality (a* value) and in yelow tonality (b* value), although not always these reductions have statistical significance. The Texture results seem to indicate that the HPP technology, in the tested conditions, does not alter the shear force nedeed to be applied in mushrooms compared to unpressurized mushrooms. The main change in the tested quality indicators is a drastic reduction of the initial microbial load, especially yeast molds (4 and 5 Log10 UFC.g-1 reduction). This technology, in tested conditions, showed excellent results in microbiological terms, reducing the initial microbial load and be able to maintain throughout the 21 days of storage the numbers of CFU/g at very low levels, which, comparing to the mushrooms packaged conventionally and considering the period of validity of (5-7 days), HPP technology can increase the shelf life about 15 days comparing to conventional packaging, considering only microbiological indicators. Apparently the presence of citric acid (1%) does not bring relevant benefits in the quality of pressurized mushrooms. The presente study shown that HPP can be a promissing regarding the enhance of shelf life of this mushrooms, although it was not possible to establish a clear pattern of variation in some indicators of physical and chemical quality, since the variability of the two batches is quite sharply between them.
Agostinho, Beatriz Sousa. "Secagem supercrítica de aerogéis compostos por polímeros naturais para aplicações biomédicas." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87841.
Full textNa engenharia de tecidos, scaffolds permitem a regeneração de tecidos ou órgãos danificadospodendo ser constituídos por aerogéis à base de polímeros naturais. O processo de produçãoengloba: a formação de um hidrogel através da gelificação; a formação de um alcogel com asubstituição da água por um solvente como o etanol; e por fim, a secagem com dióxido decarbono supercrítico originando um aerogel. A etapa mais demorada, a formação do alcogel, éatualmente realizada a pressão e temperatura ambiente. De modo a acelerar este processo,procura-se tirar partido de pressões e temperaturas elevadas, sendo esta etapa realizada nomesmo equipamento da secagem supercrítica. Assim, com a realização deste trabalho,pretende-se integrar e otimizar as diferentes fases do processo de produção de um aerogel,realizando-o em modo contínuo no mesmo equipamento. Procura-se também comparar a trocade solvente a alta pressão com o método convencional a condições atmosféricas através deanálises ao alcogel e ao solvente. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível realizar a troca desolvente a alta pressão com soluções de 20, 40, 70 e 100% com respetiva renovação. As análisesà concentração da fase líquida, mostram que as soluções de solvente a alta pressão possuemmais água do que a pressão normal no final de cada etapa, indicando a eficiência deste método.Relativamente à fase sólida, a etapa inicial e final necessitam de ser prolongadas, visto que oalcogel ainda possui uma quantidade considerável de água. Relativamente à última etapa, aredução do tempo da secagem supercrítica não aumenta significativamente a humidade doaerogel obtido, sendo possível realizar esta etapa em 2 horas. Este processo origina materiaiscom poros na mesoporosidade. Comparativamente às amostras liofilizadas, os aerogéispossuem maior área total dos poros e porosidade, o que é mais vantajoso para aplicaçõesbiomédicas. O método proposto permite reduzir a duração da etapa da troca de solvente, apesardeste processo ainda necessitar de otimização. Os aerogéis obtidos apresentam morfologia eestrutura química típicas destas estruturas.
In tissue engineering, scaffolds can be used to help regenerate damaged tissues or organs beingthen degraded and processed by the human body. These temporary structures may consist ofnatural polymer-based aerogels, taking advantage of their unique characteristics. Theproduction process consists of: the formation of a hydrogel by the gelation of an aqueouspolymeric solution; an alcogel replacing water with a solvent such as ethanol; and finally,drying with supercritical carbon dioxide forming an aerogel. The longest step, the formation ofthe alcogel, is currently performed at ambient conditions. In order to accelerate this process,high pressure and temperature can be taken advantage of, performing two steps in the sameequipment. Thus, with this work, it’s intended to integrate and optimize the different phases ofthe production process of an aerogel, making it a continuous process performed in the sameequipment. It’s also proposed to compare high-pressure solvent exchange with the conventionalmethod by analyzing the alcogel and solvent with different techniques. With the obtained resultsit was possible to perform a high-pressure solvent exchange with 20, 40, 70 and 100% solutionsof ethanol with respective renovation. With the analysis of the concentration of the liquid phase,it was shown that high pressure solvent solutions have more water than those at normal pressureat the end of each step, which allows the reduction of processing time. With respect to the solidphase, the initial and final steps must be extended, since the alcogel still has a significant amountof water. Regarding the last stage, the reduction of the supercritical drying time does notincrease significantly the aerogel’s moisture making it possible to perform this step in 2 hours.This process yields materials with slightly high densities but with pores in the mesoporosityrange. Compared to lyophilization, the aerogels have higher total pore area due to havingsmaller pores. This suggested method allows to reduce the duration of the solvent exchangestep, despite still needing some optimization. The aerogel has the morphology and chemicalstructure that’s typical of this material.
Outro - Co-financiado pelo Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (FEDER) e pelo Orçamento de Estado. Green method to prepare sterilized biopolymers based aerogel (STERILAEROGEL), referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032625
Maurer, Simon Alexander. "Multidisziplinäre Formoptimierung modularer Grundgeometrien für Druckgussbauteile mit strömungs- und strukturmechanischen Zielfunktionen." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23020.
Full textThe virtual development process of an automotive casting part usually begins with classical design tasks and analyses of material strength, stiffness and crash load cases. In the next step, often in cooperation with external suppliers, the tooling concept is developed and casting simulations are used to ensure manufacturability. During manufacturing there is a scatter in process parameters, such as flow velocity or temperature levels, which in turn cause a scatter in the performance of the final product (e.g. local elongation at fracture or ultimate tensile strength). Means to increase process stability and yield are often limited to knowledge-based improvements of the manufacturing process parameters and adaptations of the gating and overflow system. Major changes to the part geometry are usually no longer possible due to project time constraints. Therefore it is the goal of this thesis to optimize modularized basic geometries, like ribs or bends, by using numerical shape optimizations and employ them right from the beginning of the part development process. For the objective functions of the optimizations the disciplines of fluid dynamic filling and the resulting structural behaviour are considered. In addition, the resulting shape is analyzed with regards to robustness towards scatter in manufacturing operating conditions. By using these new modularized geometries the overall robustness of the final product is expected to be increased.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation und Problemstellung 1.2 Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise 1.3 Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Leichtmetallgussbauteile im Automobil 2.2 Geometrische Gestaltung von Gussbauteilen 2.3 Modellierung gießtechnischer Fertigungsverfahren 2.4 Strukturmechanische Modellierung von Gussbauteilen 2.5 Numerische Optimierung 3 Modellaufbau und -analyse 3.1 Geometrische Entwurfsmodelle 3.2 Strömungsmodellbildung zur Abbildung der Fertigungseinflüsse 3.3 Strukturberechnungsmodell unter Berücksichtigung materieller Defekte 4 Optimierung der Umlenkung 4.1 Optimierungsstrategie und -prozesskette 4.2 Zielfunktionen 4.3 Optimierung mit Entwurfsmodell I 4.4 Optimierung mit Entwurfsmodell II 4.5 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5 Optimierung der Rippe 5.1 Optimierungsstrategie und -prozesskette 5.2 Ziel- und Restriktionsfunktionen 5.3 Multidisziplinäre Optimierung 5.4 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 6 Zusammenfassung 7 Ausblick Anhang Abkürzungs- und Symbolverzeichnis Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis