Journal articles: 'High pressure spray combustion'

1

Yue, Zongyu, and Rolf D. Reitz. "An equilibrium phase spray model for high-pressure fuel injection and engine combustion simulations." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417744144.

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High-pressure fuel injection impacts mixture preparation, ignition and combustion in engines and other applications. Experimental studies have revealed the mixing-controlled and local phase equilibrium characteristics of liquid vaporization in high injection pressure diesel engine sprays. However, most computational fluid dynamics models for engine simulations spend much effort in solving for non-equilibrium spray processes. In this study, an equilibrium phase spray model is explored. The model is developed based on jet theory and a phase equilibrium assumption, without modeling drop breakup, collision and finite-rate interfacial vaporization processes. The proposed equilibrium phase spray model is validated extensively against experimental data in simulations of the engine combustion network Spray A and in an optical diesel engine. Predictions of liquid/vapor penetration, fuel mass fraction distribution, heat release rate and emission formation are all in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, good computational efficiency and grid-independency are also seen with the present equilibrium phase model. The examined operating conditions cover wide ranges that are relevant to internal combustion engines, which include ambient temperatures from 700 to 1400 K, ambient densities from 7.6 to 22.8 kg/m3 and injection pressures from 1200 to 1500 bar for diesel sprays.

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Wang, Jian Ying, and Xi Lin Dong. "Experimental Study on Radiant Heat of Market Shelf Fire Decayed by High-Pressure Water Mist System." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3699.

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Experimental study on radiant heat of market shelf fire depressed by high-pressure water mist system was carried out. The experiment researched on typical burning parts and combustions of places like market, and chosen experimental combustion components. The results show that the concentrate spray of high-pressure water mist system can decay the radiant heat of fire shelf effectively. The higher the spray pressure of the system, the faster the decay rate of radiation heat.

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Andsaler, Adiba Rhaodah, Amir Khalid, Him Ramsy, and Norrizam Jaat. "A Review Paper on Simulation and Modeling of Combustion Characteristics under High Ambient and High Injection of Biodiesel Combustion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.580.

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This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.

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Kuti, Olawole Abiola, Jingyu Zhu, Keiya Nishida, Xiangang Wang, and Zuohua Huang. "SP3-1 Spray, Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel and Diesel Fuels Injected by Micro-Hole Nozzle under Ultra-High Injection Pressure(SP: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.674.

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Kawaharada, Noritsune, Lennart Thimm, Toni Dageförde, Karsten Gröger, Hauke Hansen, and Friedrich Dinkelacker. "Approaches for Detailed Investigations on Transient Flow and Spray Characteristics during High Pressure Fuel Injection." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124410.

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High pressure injection systems have essential roles in realizing highly controllable fuel injections in internal combustion engines. The primary atomization processes in the near field of the spray, and even inside the injector, determine the subsequent spray development with a considerable impact on the combustion and pollutant formation. Therefore, the processes should be understood as much as possible; for instance, to develop mathematical and numerical models. However, the experimental difficulties are extremely high, especially near the injector nozzle or inside the nozzle, due to the very small geometrical scales, the highly concentrated optical dense spray processes and the high speed and drastic transient nature of the spray. In this study, several unique and partly recently developed techniques are applied for detailed measurements on the flow inside the nozzle and the spray development very near the nozzle. As far as possible, the same three-hole injector for high pressure diesel injection is used to utilize and compare different measurement approaches. In a comprehensive section, the approach is taken to discuss the measurement results in comparison. It is possible to combine the observations within and outside the injector and to discuss the entire spray development processes for high pressure diesel sprays. This allows one to confirm theories and to provide detailed and, in parts, even quantitative data for the validation of numerical models.

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Mehta, Pramod S., S. Rajkumar, and Shamit Bakshi. "SP1-1 Modeling Spray and Mixing Processes in High Pressure Multiple-injection CRDI Engines : Modeling CRDI Engines(SP: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.628.

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WISŁOCKI, Krzysztof, Ireneusz PIELECHA, Jakub CZAJKA, and Dmitrij MASLENNIKOV. "The qualitative spray analysis of liquid fuel in high-pressure piezoelectric injection system." Combustion Engines 143, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117129.

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The paper presents the methodology and tests results of the influence of the fuel injection pressure and combustion chamber back pressure on the changes of the fuel spray geometrical parameters injection uniformity and its quality during the injection. While evaluating the geometrical fuel spray parameters the spray penetration, speed of propagation were taken into account and while evaluating the quality of the fuel atomization the outflow of the fuel from the injector were considered. The tests reported here were performed for one value of the air back pressure at the various injection pressures. The fuel doses were changed by modifying the duration of the injection. A significant influence of theses parameters on the values of the operating indexes of the injection and atomization processes has been noted.

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Tang, Yuanzhi, Diming Lou, Chengguan Wang, Piqiang Tan, Zhiyuan Hu, Yunhua Zhang, and Liang Fang. "Joint Study of Impingement Combustion Simulation and Diesel Visualization Experiment of Variable Injection Pressure in Constant Volume Vessel." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 6210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236210.

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In this paper, the visualization experiments of spray, ignition, and combustion of diesel under variable injection pressure (from 90 to 130 MPa) were studied by using a constant volume vessel and impinging combustion plate system. With the development of the down-sizing of diesel engines, the wall impinging combustion without liquid spray collision will be the research focus in the diesel engine combustion process. The flame natural luminosity in the experiment represents the soot formation of diesel combustion. Besides, the detailed information of diesel spray mixing combustion was obtained by using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation of alternative fuels in CONVERGE™. The specific conclusions are as follows. The high velocity of the spray under the higher injection pressure could reduce the low-mixing area near the impinging wall by entraining more air. Under higher injection pressure in simulation, the gas diffused more extensively, and more heat was released after combustion. Therefore, a large amount of soot formed in the early stage of combustion and then oxidized in high-temperature regions, which agreed with the conclusions in the experiments. Under the influence of the superposition of image pixels of the flame, the change of soot generation with injection pressure is smaller than the actual value, so the visualization experiment can be used as the basis of combustion prediction.

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Park, Kweonha. "The flame behaviour of liquefied petroleum gas spray impinging on a flat plate in a constant volume combustion chamber." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11031.

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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sprays and diffusion flames are investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber having an impingement plate. The spray and flame images are visualized and compared with diesel and gasoline images over a wide range of ambient pressure. The high-speed digital camera is used to take the flame images. The injection pressure is generated by a Haskel air-driven pump, and the initial chamber pressure is adjusted by the amount of pumping air. The LPG spray and flame photographs are compared with those of gasoline and diesel fuel at the same conditions, and then the spray and flame development behaviour is analysed. The spray photographs show that the dispersion characteristics of LPG spray are sensitive to the ambient pressure. In a low initial chamber pressure LPG fuel in the liquid phase evaporates quickly and does not reach down easily to the impinging plate having a hot coil for ignition. That makes the temperature and equivalence ratio low near the ignition coil, thus making ignition diffcult. On the other hand, in a high initial chamber pressure the spray leaving the nozzle gathers around the ignition site after impinging on the plate, which makes an intense flame near the plate. If applied to small-sized direct injection engines that are not able to avoid spray impinging on a cylinder wall, LPG will have faster and cleaner combustion than diesel or gasoline fuels. However, the chamber geometry should be carefully designed to enable a sufficient amount of vaporized fuel to get to the ignition site

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10

Pickett, Lyle M., Caroline L. Genzale, Gilles Bruneaux, Louis-Marie Malbec, Laurent Hermant, Caspar Christiansen, and Jesper Schramm. "Comparison of Diesel Spray Combustion in Different High-Temperature, High-Pressure Facilities." SAE International Journal of Engines 3, no. 2 (October 25, 2010): 156–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2106.

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11

Hendricks, R. C., D. T. Shouse, W. M. Roquemore, D. L. Burrus, B. S. Duncan, R. C. Ryder, A. Brankovic, N. S. Liu, J. R. Gallagher, and J. A. Hendricks. "Experimental and Computational Study of Trapped Vortex Combustor Sector Rig with High-Speed Diffuser Flow." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 7, no. 6 (2001): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x0100032x.

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The Trapped Vortex Combustor (TVC) potentially offers numerous operational advantages over current production gas turbine engine combustors. These include lower weight, lower pollutant emissions, effective flame stabilization, high combustion efficiency, excellent high altitude relight capability, and operation in the lean burn or RQL modes of combustion. The present work describes the operational principles of the TVC, and extends diffuser velocities toward choked flow and provides system performance data. Performance data include EINOx results for various fuel-air ratios and combustor residence times, combustion efficiency as a function of combustor residence time, and combustor lean blow-out (LBO) performance. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using liquid spray droplet evaporation and combustion modeling are performed and related to flow structures observed in photographs of the combustor. The CFD results are used to understand the aerodynamics and combustion features under different fueling conditions. Performance data acquired to date are favorable compared to conventional gas turbine combustors. Further testing over a wider range of fuel-air ratios, fuel flow splits, and pressure ratios is in progress to explore the TVC performance. In addition, alternate configurations for the upstream pressure feed, including bi-pass diffusion schemes, as well as variations on the fuel injection patterns, are currently in test and evaluation phases.

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12

Fuyuto, Takayuki, Yoshiaki Hattori, Hayato Yamashita, Naoki Toda, and Makoto Mashida. "Set-off length reduction by backward flow of hot burned gas surrounding high-pressure diesel spray flame from multi-hole nozzle." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416640429.

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The backward flow of the hot burned gas surrounding a diesel flame was found to be one of the factors reducing the set-off length (also called the lift-off length), that is, the distance from a nozzle exit into which a diffusion flame cannot intrude. In the combustion chamber of an actual diesel engine, the entrainment of the surrounding gas into a spray jet injected from a multi-hole nozzle is restricted by the combustion chamber walls and the adjacent spray jets, thus inducing the backward flow of the surrounding gas toward the nozzle exit. The emergence of this backward flow was measured by particle tracking velocimetry in the non-combusting condition. A new momentum theory for calculating the backward flow velocity was established by extending Wakuri’s momentum theory. Shadowgraph imaging in an optical engine successfully visualized the backward flow of the hot burned gas. The hot burned gas is re-entrained into the spray jet in the region of the set-off position and shortens the set-off length in comparison to that of a single free-spray flame which does not induce the backward flow.

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13

Gong, Cheng, Mehdi Jangi, and Xue-Song Bai. "Large eddy simulation of n-Dodecane spray combustion in a high pressure combustion vessel." Applied Energy 136 (December 2014): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.09.030.

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14

Jaat, Mohamad, Amir Khalid, Bukhari Manshoor, Siti Mariam Basharie, and Him Ramsy. "Review of the Investigation of Fuel-Air Premixing and Combustion Process Using Rapid Compression Machine and Direct Visualization System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.265.

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s :This paper reviews of some applications of optical visualization system to compute the fuel-air mixing process during early stage of mixture formation and late injection in Diesel Combustion Engine. This review has shown that the mixture formation is controlled by the characteristics of the injection systems, the nature of the air swirl and turbulence in thecylinder, and spray characteristics. Few experimental works have been investigated and found that the effects of injection pressure and swirl ratio have a great effect on the mixture formation then affects to the flame development and combustion characteristics.This paper presents the significance of spray and combustion study with optical techniques access rapid compression machine that have been reported by previous researchers. Experimental results are presentedin order to provide in depth knowledge as assistance to readers interested in this research area. Analysis of flame motion and flame intensity in the combustion chamber was performed using high speed direct photographs and image analysis technique. The application of these methods to the investigation of diesel sprays highlights mechanisms which provide a better understanding of spray and combustion characteristics.

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15

Wang, Tae-Joong, and Seung-Wook Baek. "Study on Vaporization and Combustion of Spray in High Pressure Environment." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 27, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2003.27.9.1273.

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16

KITANO, Tomoaki, Takafumi TSUJI, Ryoichi KUROSE, and Satoru KOMORI. "J011023 Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Spray Combustion at High Pressure." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _J011023–1—_J011023–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._j011023-1.

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17

Aubagnac-Karkar, Damien, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Olivier Colin, and Nasser Darabiha. "Combustion and soot modelling of a high-pressure and high-temperature Dodecane spray." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 4 (June 22, 2017): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417714351.

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18

Thongchai, Sakda, and Ocktaeck Lim. "Macroscopic Spray Behavior of a Single-Hole Common Rail Diesel Injector Using Gasoline-Blended 5% Biodiesel." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092276.

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This research studies the macroscopic spray structure from a single-hole common rail diesel injector using gasoline-blended 5% biodiesel for use in compression ignition engines. To reduce the NOX/PM trade-off emissions, researchers are investigating gasoline used in compression ignition engines, called gasoline compression ignition. As a result that gasoline is injected directly into the combustion chamber, its spray field has a significant effect on combustion and emissions. Due to its low lubricity, gasoline is blended with biodiesel 5%, as a lubricity enhancer, to prevent the failure of the high-pressure injection system. The macroscopic spray structures of this gasoline blend were investigated Schlieren photography and planar laser-induced fluorescence-particle image velocimetry. Injection pressure was handled by a conventional common rail system, while ambient pressure was controlled by supplying nitrogen into the constant-volume combustion chamber. The effects of injection pressure and ambient pressure on the gasoline spray elucidated by Planar laser-induced fluorescence coupled with particle-image velocimetry (PLIF-PIV) imagery and comparisons with variations in neat diesel spray. In addition, the flow field of gasoline spray that formed vortexes and vorticity was characterized. The results show that the injection pressure and back pressure had the same effects on the gasoline spray structure, in terms of the penetration tip and cone angle, as on the diesel spray. However, the injection pressure had a greater effect on the diesel spray than the gasoline at low ambient pressure due to the occurrence of cavitation. Moreover, the images show the remarkable turbulent structure of gasoline spray and indicate air entrainment at the spray tip region.

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Pastor, José V., José M. García-Oliver, Carlos Micó, Alba A. García-Carrero, and Arantzazu Gómez. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Oxymethylene Ethers on Main Spray and Combustion Characteristics under Engine Combustion Network Spray A Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 5460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165460.

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The stringent emission regulations have motivated the development of cleaner fuels as diesel surrogates. However, their different physical-chemical properties make the study of their behavior in compression ignition engines essential. In this sense, optical techniques are a very effective tool for determining the spray evolution and combustion characteristics occurring in the combustion chamber. In this work, quantitative parameters describing the evolution of diesel-like sprays such as liquid length, spray penetration, ignition delay, lift-off length and flame penetration as well as the soot formation were tested in a constant high pressure and high temperature installation using schlieren, OH∗ chemiluminescence and diffused back-illumination extinction imaging techniques. Boundary conditions such as rail pressure, chamber density and temperature were defined using guidelines from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN). Two paraffinic fuels (dodecane and a renewable hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)) and two oxygenated fuels (methylal identified as OME1 and a blend of oxymethylene ethers, identified as OMEx) were tested and compared to a conventional diesel fuel used as reference. Results showed that paraffinic fuels and OMEx sprays have similar behavior in terms of global combustion metrics. In the case of OME1, a shorter liquid length, but longer ignition delay time and flame lift-off length were observed. However, in terms of soot formation, a big difference between paraffinic and oxygenated fuels could be appreciated. While paraffinic fuels did not show any significant decrease of soot formation when compared to diesel fuel, soot formed by OME1 and OMEx was below the detection threshold in all tested conditions.

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20

Rosignoli, Federico, and Lucio Postrioti. "Experimental Validation of an Innovative Approach for GDI Spray Pattern Recognition." Fuels 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels2010002.

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In the present automotive scenario, along with hybridization, GDI technology is progressively spreading in order to improve the powertrain thermal efficiency. In order to properly match the fuel spray development with the combustion chamber design, using robust and accurate diagnostics is required. In particular, for the evaluation of the injection quality in terms of spray shape, vision tests are crucial for GDI injection systems. By vision tests, parameters such as spray tip penetration and cone angles can be measured, as the operating conditions in terms of mainly injection pressure, injection strategy, and chamber counter-pressure are varied. Provided that a complete experimental spray characterization requires the acquisition of several thousand spray images, an automated methodology for analyzing spray images objectively and automatically is mandatory. A decisive step in a spray image analysis procedure is binarization, i.e., the extraction of the spray structure from the background. Binarization is particularly challenging for GDI sprays, given their lower compactness with respect to diesel sprays. In the present paper, two of the most diffused automated binarization algorithms, namely the Otsu and Yen methods, are comparatively validated with an innovative approach derived from the Triangle method—the Last Minimum Criterion—for the analysis of high-pressure GDI sprays. GDI spray images acquired with three injection pressure levels (up to 600 bar) and two different optical setups (backlight and front illumination) were used to validate the considered algorithms in challenging conditions, obtaining encouraging results in terms of accuracy and robustness for the proposed approach.

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21

Morimatsu, T., T. Okazaki, T. Furuya, and H. Furukawa. "Improvement of Emissions From Diesel Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240127.

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It is important to reduce emissions from diesel engines, which are used in the cogeneration systems. The mass transfer to the fuel spray plays various roles in fuel consumption rate and in trace species emission. High injection pressure and a re-entrant combustion chamber were used to make the mass transfer larger. The need for high injection pressure and controlled injection timing for NOx led the authors to use the new Komatsu fuel injection pump. This pump, which has a re-entrant combustion chamber, resulted in clean engine emissions and confirmed the importance of air entrainment to the spray.

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KHALEGHI, H., and S. TABEJAMMAT. "STUDY ON SPRAY COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN-OXYGEN IN A HIGH PRESSURE CHAMBER." Combustion Science and Technology 179, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102200600812237.

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23

Ruiz-Rodriguez, Irene, Roger Cracknell, Michael Parkes, Thanos Megaritis, and Lionel Ganippa. "Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of high-pressure octanal spray flames." Fuel 262 (February 2020): 116596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116596.

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Crookes, R. J., G. Sivalingam, and M. A. A. Nazha. "FACTORS INFLUENCING SOOT PARTICULATE FORMATION AND OXIDATION IN HIGH-PRESSURE SPRAY COMBUSTION." Clean Air: International Journal on Energy for a Clean Environment 5, no. 3 (2004): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.v5.i3.50.

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Kang, Zhe, Zhehao Zhang, Jun Deng, Liguang Li, and Zhijun Wu. "Experimental Research of High-Temperature and High-Pressure Water Jet Characteristics in ICRC Engine Relevant Conditions." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091763.

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The internal combustion Rankine cycle (ICRC) concept provides a potential solution for future high thermal efficiency and low emission powertrains, and direct water injection (DWI) proved to be the key parameter for ICRC optimization. This paper was dedicated to investigating the fundamental mechanisms of water spray characteristics under different water injection control parameters. In order to do so, an experimental test system was carefully designed and built based on the Bosch and Schlieren methods: the Bosch method is utilized to measure the effect of injection and ambient pressure on water injection characteristics, and the Schlieren method is utilized to investigate the impact of water injection and ambient temperature on water spray and evaporation processes. The experimental results indicate that both control parameters show important effects on water injection and spray characteristics. The water injection and ambient pressure show significant impacts on steady-state flow quantity and cyclic water injection quantity, and the water injection and ambient pressure affect the evaporation ability of water vapor within the spray which leads to a different variation trend during the initial, developing, and developed water spray stages. The results of this work can be used as fundamental supplements for ICRC, steam assistant technology (SAT), and DWI-related ICEs experimental and numerical researches, and provide extra information to understand the DWI process within engine-relevant conditions.

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Wang, Xiangting, Haiqiao Wei, Jiaying Pan, Zhen Hu, Zeyuan Zheng, and Mingzhang Pan. "Analysis of Diesel Knock for High-Altitude Heavy-Duty Engines Using Optical Rapid Compression Machines." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 14, 2020): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123080.

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In high altitude regions, affected by the low-pressure and low-temperature atmosphere, diesel knock is likely to be encountered in heavy-duty engines operating at low-speed and high-load conditions. Pressure oscillations during diesel knock are commonly captured by pressure transducers, while there is a lack of direct evidence and visualization images, such that its fundamental formation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, optical experiments on diesel knock with destructive pressure oscillations were investigated in an optical rapid compression machine. High-speed direct photography and simultaneous pressure acquisition were synchronically performed, and different injection pressures and ambient pressures were considered. The results show that for the given ambient temperature and pressure, diesel knock becomes prevalent at higher injection pressures where fuel spray impingement becomes enhanced. Higher ambient pressure can reduce the tendency to diesel knock under critical conditions. For the given injection pressure satisfying knocking combustion, knock intensity is decreased as ambient pressure is increased. Further analysis of visualization images shows diesel knock is closely associated with the prolonged ignition delay time due to diesel spray impingement. High-frequency pressure oscillation is caused by the propagation of supersonic reaction-front originating from the second-stage autoignition of mixture. In addition, the oscillation frequencies are obtained through the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis.

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Balles, E. N., and J. B. Heywood. "Spray and Flame Structure in Diesel Combustion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240275.

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The diesel combustion process in direct-injection diesel engines consists of four distinct stages: an ignition delay, a premixed phase, a mixing-controlled phase, and a late combustion phase. This paper uses geometric information from high-speed direct and shadowgraph movies and corresponding combustion chamber pressure histories, taken in a rapid compression machine study of direct-injection diesel combustion, for a coupled analysis of the diesel flame geometry and energy or heat release to develop our understanding of the diesel spray and flame structure during the ignition delay period and premixed combustion phase. It is shown that each fuel spray from a multihole fuel-injector nozzle consists of a narrow liquid-containing core centered within a much larger fuel-vapor air region, which has a distinct boundary. The liquid core does not penetrate to the chamber periphery, while the vapor containing spray interacts strongly with the boundary. Ignition occurs part way along each growing spray. Once combustion starts, the outer boundary of the fuel-vapor-containing region expands more rapidly due to the combustion energy release. Very high initial spreading rates of the luminous region boundary are observed. A comparison of enflamed areas and volumes, and burned gas volumes, indicates that the luminous region during the early stages of combustion (assumed stoichiometric) is around 1 cm thick and does not fill the full height of the chamber. During the premixed combustion phase, the burned gas volume is one-half the enflamed volume, indicating the presence of a substantial unburned (rich) fuel-vapor/air core within the luminous region of each fuel spray. A close correspondence of flame geometry to spray geometry is evident throughout the combustion process.

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Allocca, L., L. Andreassi, and S. Ubertini. "Enhanced Splash Models for High Pressure Diesel Spray." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 2 (September 4, 2006): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2432891.

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Mixture preparation is a crucial aspect for the correct operation of modern direct injection (DI) Diesel engines as it greatly influences and alters the combustion process and, therefore, the exhaust emissions. The complete comprehension of the spray impingement phenomenon is a quite complete task and a mixed numerical-experimental approach has to be considered. On the modeling side, several studies can be found in the scientific literature but only in the last years complete multidimensional modeling has been developed and applied to engine simulations. Among the models available in literature, in this paper, the models by Bai and Gosman (Bai, C., and Gosman, A. D., 1995, SAE Technical Paper No. 950283) and by Lee et al. (Lee, S., and Ryou, H., 2000, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pasadena, CA, pp. 586–593; Lee, S., Ko, G. H., Ryas, H., and Hong, K. B., 2001, KSME Int. J., 15(7), pp. 951–961) have been selected and implemented in the KIVA-3V code. On the experimental side, the behavior of a Diesel impinging spray emerging from a common rail injection system (injection pressures of 80 and 120MPa) has been analyzed. The impinging spray has been lightened by a pulsed laser sheet generated from the second harmonic of a Nd-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. The images have been acquired by a charge coupled device camera at different times from the start of injection. Digital image processing software has enabled to extract the characteristic parameters of the impinging spray with respect to different operating conditions. The comparison of numerical and experimental data shows that both models should be modified in order to allow a proper simulation of the splash phenomena in modern Diesel engines. Then the numerical data in terms of radial growth, height and shape of the splash cloud, as predicted by modified versions of the models are compared to the experimental ones. Differences among the models are highlighted and discussed.

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Raghu, Palani, M. Senthamil Selvan, K. Pitchandi, and N. Nallusamy. "Experimental Study on Diesel Engine and Analysis the Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel by Varying Injection Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.932.

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— The spray characteristic of the injected fuel is mainly depends upon fuel injection pressure, temperature, ambient pressure, fuel viscosity and fuel density. An experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of injection pressure on the spray was injected into direct injection (DI) diesel engine in the atmospheric condition. In Diesel engine, the window of 20 mm diameter hole and the transparent quartz glass materials were used for visualizing spray characteristics of combustion chamber at right angle triangle position. The varying Injection pressure of 180 - 240 bar and the engine was hand cranked for conducting the experiments. Spray characteristics for Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and diesel were studied experimentally. Spray tip penetration and spray cone angle were measured in a combustion chamber of Direct Injection diesel engine by employing high speed Digital camera using Mie Scattering Technique and ImageJ software. The study shows the JOME gives longer spray tip penetration and smaller spray cone angle than those of diesel fuels. The Spray breakup region (Reynolds number, Weber number), Injection velocity and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) were determined for diesel and JOME. SMD decreases for JOME than diesel and the Injection velocity, Reynolds Number, Weber Number Increases for JOME than diesel.

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Zhou, Xinyi, Tie Li, Yijie Wei, and Ning Wang. "Scaling liquid penetration in evaporating sprays for different size diesel engines." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 9 (December 6, 2019): 1662–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419889835.

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Scaled model experiments can greatly reduce the cost, time and energy consumption in diesel engine development, and the similarity of spray characteristics has a primary effect on the overall scaling results of engine performance and pollutant emissions. However, although so far the similarity of spray characteristics under the non-evaporating condition has been studied to some extent, researches on scaling the evaporating sprays are still absent. The maximum liquid penetration length has a close relationship with the spray evaporation processes and is a key parameter in the design of diesel engine spray combustion system. In this article, the similarity of maximum liquid penetration length is theoretically derived based on the hypotheses that the spray evaporation processes in modern high-pressure common rail diesel engines are fuel–air mixing controlled and local interphase transport controlled, respectively. After verifying that the fuel injection rates are perfectly scaled, the similarity of maximum liquid penetration length in evaporating sprays is studied for three scaling laws using two nozzles with hole diameter of 0.11 and 0.14 mm through the high-speed diffused back-illumination method. Under the test conditions of different fuel injection pressures, ambient temperatures and densities, the lift-off law and speed law lead to a slightly increased maximum liquid penetration length, while the pressure law can well scale the maximum liquid penetration length. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analyses based on the hypothesis that the spray evaporation processes are fuel–air mixing controlled, indicating that the local interphase transports of energy, momentum and mass on droplet surface are not rate-controlled steps with respect to spray evaporation processes.

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Li, Wengang, Yinli Xiao, Yipin Lu, Zhibo Cao, and Juan Wu. "Numerical simulation of n-dodecane spray combustion based on OpenFOAM." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 3 (June 2021): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213930539.

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For the purpose of providing the scientific insights to combustion characteristics of spray jet, numerical calculations of reacting and non-reacting spray cases are performed for ECN (engine combustion network) Spray A (n-dodecane spray combustion) which coupled finite chemistry combustion model PaSR and detailed chemical reaction kinetics based on OpenFOAM. The applicability and accuracy of the spray model is verified in the non-reacting spray case, and it is found that the predicted spray characteristics such as the penetration length of liquid and vapor and the mixture fraction are in good agreement with the test results. The two processes of low-temperature reaction and high-temperature ignition experienced by n-dodecane spray ignition are analyzed in reacting spray case, and it is found that the low-temperature reaction continues to exothermic before high-temperature ignition, and continues to proceed stably after high-temperature ignition, which promotes high-temperature ignition and flame stability. Finally, the effects of different fuel injection pressures on ignition delay time and flame lift-off length are studied.

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Chung, Wai Tong, Peter C. Ma, and Matthias Ihme. "Examination of diesel spray combustion in supercritical ambient fluid using large-eddy simulations." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 1 (August 7, 2019): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419868388.

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High-pressure conditions in diesel engines can often surpass the thermodynamic critical limit of the working fluid. Consequently, the injection of fuel at these conditions can lead to complex behaviors that remain only incompletely understood. This study is concerned with investigating the application of a diffuse-interface method in conjunction with a finite-rate chemistry model in large-eddy simulations of diesel spray injection and ignition in a supercritical ambient environment. The presented numerical approach offers the capability of simulating these complex conditions without the need for parameter tuning that is commonly employed in spray-breakup models. Numerical simulations of inert and reacting n-dodecane sprays — under the Engine Combustion Network Spray A and Spray D configurations — are studied, and results are compared with experimental data for liquid/vapor penetration lengths and ignition timing. In addition, parametric studies are performed to identify flow sensitivities arising from the variation in nozzle diameters between both injectors, along with the impact of low-temperature oxidation on ignition in Spray D simulations. Spray A simulations are found to be insensitive to turbulence, and predictions for penetration length and ignition behavior are in good agreement with experiments. In contrast, Spray D predictions for penetration length and ignition delay demonstrated significant sensitivities to in-nozzle turbulence, introducing uncertainty to the predicted results and stipulating the need for quantitative measurements for model evaluation.

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Bougie, B., M. Tulej, T. Dreier, N. J. Dam, J. J. Ter Meulen, and T. Gerber. "Optical diagnostics of diesel spray injections and combustion in a high-pressure high-temperature cell." Applied Physics B 80, no. 8 (June 2005): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-005-1830-5.

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Kamaltdinov, V. G., V. A. Markov, I. O. Lysov, A. A. Zherdev, and V. V. Furman. "Experimental Studies of Fuel Injection in a Diesel Engine with an Inclined Injector." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142643.

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Comparative experimental studies of fuel sprays evolution dynamics in a constant volume chamber were carried out with a view to reduce the uneven distribution of diesel fuel in the combustion chamber when the Common Rail injector is inclined. The fuel sprays was captured by a high-speed camera with simultaneous recording of control pulses of camera and injector on an oscilloscope. Two eight-hole diesel injectors were investigated: One injector with identical orifice diameter (nozzle 1) and another injector with four orifices of the same diameter as orifices of nozzle 1 and four orifices of enlarged diameters (nozzle 2). Both injectors were tested at rail pressure from 100 to 165 MPa and injector control pulse width of 1.5 ms. The dynamics of changes in the spray penetration length and spray cone angle were determined. It was found that sprays develop differently in nozzle 1 fuel. The difference in the length of fuel sprays is 10–15 mm. As for nozzle 2, the fuel sprays develop more evenly: The difference in length is no more than 3–5 mm. The difference of the measured fuel spray cone angles for nozzle 1 is 0.5°–1.5°, and for nozzle 2 is 3.0°–4.0°. It is concluded that the differential increase in the diameters of nozzle orifices, the axes of which are maximally deviated from the injector axis, makes it possible to reduce the uneven distribution of fuel in the combustion chamber and improve the combustion process and the diesel performance as a whole.

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Zhao, Zhihao, Xiucheng Zhu, Jeffrey Naber, and Seong-Young Lee. "Assessment of impinged flame structure in high-pressure direct diesel injection." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419859788.

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Spray impingement often occurs during cold-start in direct-injection diesel engines, affecting the subsequent combustion process by altering the local flow condition. This work has investigated the impinged flame structure by examining local expansion distance and planar curvature of the boundary in details. The experiments were carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber. The injection pressure and ambient density were varied from 120 to 180 MPa and 14.8 to 30.0 kg/m3 under non-vaporizing conditions, respectively. For reacting conditions, the injection pressure and ambient density were fixed at 150 MPa and 22.8 kg/m3 but with different ambient temperatures from 800 to 1000 K. Unlike orthogonal spray impingement, the profile of expansion distance along the radial direction at the 60° impinging angle is non-uniform but the profile is comparable between the non-vaporizing and reacting conditions under the same injection pressure and ambient density. With the help of Intensity-aXial-Time method, the most intensive soot luminosity region and Mie scattering intensity region are identified and the region has been found to be along the impinged spray axial direction. Outmost boundary of an impinged flame is found to have wrinkles attributed to air entrainment. The temporal level of flame wrinkles is higher in reacting conditions than in non-vaporizing conditions. The scatter distribution of the boundary curvature and near-field soot formation illustrates an inverted “S” shape correlation with time. High flame luminosity is found to be formed in concave regions while less soot is formed in convex regions. This inverted S-shape is a new finding of the state relationship at the solid–liquid–gas impinged flame propagation. Finally, heat flux measurement through the plate is examined.

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Salem, H., S. H. El-Bahnasy, and M. Elbaz. "Prediction of the effect of injection parameters on NOx emission and burning quality in the direct injection diesel engine using a modified multizone model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981526082.

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Combustion process in a quiescent chamber diesel engine is modelled using a multizone model. This model divides the cylinder charge into two zones, namely the unburnt zone (surrounding air) and the burnt zone (fuel spray with entrained air). The burnt zone is subdivided into 16 concentric sprays, instead of only eight sprays as in previous work, each one with its own temperature and composition. Liquid fuel, fuel vapour, air and products of combustion are assumed to be present in each zone. Real gas relations are used to calculate the properties of the mixture while products of combustion are assumed to be in chemical equilibrium at local temperature. The extended Zeldovich mechanism is used to predict the NO x formation. The cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate, NO x rate and concentration are calculated. For different injection pressures, injection advance angles and different fuel orifice hole diameters, the results show that the model can predict the measured cylinder pressure with high accuracy but it predicts the measured heat release rate and NO x emission rate with moderate accuracy. In addition, the effect of injection parameters on the NO x emission and engine power is predicted and it has been shown that NO x emission can be reduced without noticeable loss of engine power. This can be done by appropriate choice of injection pressure, injection advance angle and fuel nozzle hole diameters.

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Susanti, Vita, Erie Martides, Midriem Mirdanies, Budi Prawara, Ant Ardath Kristi, and Endro Junianto. "Design System of High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spray Coating Based on Computerization." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.105.

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Wear and corrosion are problems prevalent in the industrialized world. One way to overcome this matter is the process of coating with a thermal spray coating. The coating process is categorized into two processes based on the heat source, i.e., combustion and electric. One example of combustion process is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). The HVOF system which is operated manually has been studied in previous works. Computerized HVOF system is developed and manufactured in this study to improve reproducibility of coating and safety of operator. ATMega16 microcontroller was connected with several sensors (oxygen mass flow controller, nitrogen mass flow controller, propane mass flow controller, and pressure sensor), and Visual Studio.Net 2013 was used to create a graphic user interface (GUI). Based on test results obtained, it was found that the GUI successfully communicated using serial communications and could access the input/output (I/O) required by the microcontroller. Combinaton of gas mass flow controller and pressure sensors result in precise control of oxy-fuel combustion process.

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Jaat, M., Amir Khalid, Bukhari Manshoor, Siti Mariam Basharie, Adiba Rhaodah Andsaler, and Azwan Sapit. "Study on Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel using a Rapid Compression Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.590.

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Diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the high compression pressure to ignite the combustible mixture due to high temperature in the combustion chamber. There were many studies on the fuel-air premixing that resulting from air entrainment which linked to the improvement of exhaust emissions [1][2][3]. The most important issue in diesel combustion is achieving sufficient rapid mixing between the injected fuel and the air in cylinder prior to ignition. The oxidation reactions at the end of endothermic period depend on the physical process such as air entrainment, the breakup of the jet spray, and droplets evaporation.

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Wu, Yu Qiang, Qian Wang, Zhi Sheng Gao, Zhou Rong Zhang, and Li Ming Dai. "Experimental Study on Spray Characteristics of Diesel Engines and Analysis of Fuel Dripping Phenomenon." Advanced Materials Research 1078 (December 2014): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.271.

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Experimental study on macroscopic spray characteristics of a certain type of domestic common rail injectors under the conditions of different injection pressures was carried out through a high-speed digital camera. Furthermore, a fuel dripping phenomenon at the end stage of injection was observed through the high-speed digital camera equipped with a long-distance microscope, and a further analysis of the phenomenon was made. The results show the increase in the injection pressure can evidently enhance spray cone angle and expand the scope of spray field in combustion chamber, which is conducive to air-fuel mixture. The spray cone angle during the development spray shows a double-peak shape. And the long response-time of seating of solenoid valve core that disables the injection cutting off in time is one of factors causing fuel dripping phenomenon.

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Sviridenkov, A. A., and V. V. Tretyakov. "Characteristics of a fuel spray downstream the pressure atomizers under high pressure in the combustion chamber." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2016-15-4-143-149.

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Azis, Muhammad Lutfi, Lukman Hakim, and Nasrul Ilminnafik. "KARAKTERISTIK SPRAY BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN MINYAK DIESEL DAN BIODIESEL CALLOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM." ROTOR 13, no. 1 (September 6, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v13i1.19589.

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The characteristic of spray largely determines of combustion quality. Before testing the fuel of diesel engine, characteristic of spray is needed to know. Biodiesel made from nyamplung seeds (callophyllum inophylum) mixed with diesel oil for spray characteristics test. The research was conducted at 1 atm ambient pressure, 15 MPa injection pressure. The fuel used Oil diesel added biodiesel variation B0, B20, B30, dan B100. The fuel mixture sprayed by nozzle tester and recorded using a 480 fps camera at 224x168 resolution to cognize spray tip penetration and spray angle. The result of research showing viscosity of fuel mixture has huge impact on spray characteristic. At high viscosity, longer spray tip penetration longer and smaller spray angle. Its affects the homogeneity of the mixture of fuel and the air. Keywords: spray characteristic, biodiesel, callophyllum inophylum

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Li, Da Guang, Zhang Ying, and Xiu Qing Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Effects of Spray Angle on Flow, Combustion and Emissions of Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1064.

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Previous papers which researched the effects of spray angle were mainly focused on the influence of spray angle on the performance and emissions of diesel engine. Few papers clarified the effect of spray angle on the airflow in detail. Airflow and turbulence have a significant influence on the combustion and distribution of emissions.The effects of spray angle on the flow, combustion and emissions of diesel engine were studied in this paper by a numerical simulation method. The results indicated that the spray angle had an obvious impact on the vortex and turbulence. The distribution of high temperature areas and emissions depend on the vortex and turbulence. With the increase of spray angle, the maximum cylinder pressure and temperature increase gradually. The heat release rate increases with the increase of spray angle. The CO and soot emissions were the lowest when the spray angle is 155°, however, the NOx emissions was the highest at that spray angle.

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Kong, S.-C., Y. Ra, and R. D. Reitz. "Performance of multi-dimensional models for simulating diesel premixed charge compression ignition engine combustion using low- and high-pressure injectors." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30567.

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An engine CFD model has been developed to simulate premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion using detailed chemistry. The numerical model is based on the KIVA code that is modified to use CHEMKIN as the chemistry solver. The model was applied to simulate ignition, combustion, and emissions processes in diesel engines operated to achieve PCCI conditions. Diesel PCCI experiments using both low- and high-pressure injectors were simulated. For the low-pressure injector with early injection (close to intake valve closure), the model shows that wall wetting can be minimized by using a pressure-swirl atomizer with a variable spray angle. In the case of using a high-pressure injector, it is found that late injection (SOI = 5 ° ATDC) benefits soot emissions as a result of low-temperature combustion at highly premixed conditions. The model was also used to validate the emission reduction potential of an HSDI diesel engine using a double injection strategy that favours PCCI conditions. It is concluded that the present model is useful to assess future engine combustion concepts, such as PCCI and low-temperature combustion (LTC).

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Du, Wei, Qiankun Zhang, Meng Li, and Jinchi Hou. "Ignition and combustion characteristics of wall-impinged kerosene (RP-3) fuel spray with varying injection parameters." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190118169d.

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The fuel quantity and injection pressure are two essential factors to optimize the injection strategy. In this paper, we focus on the investigation for the ignition and combustion characteristics of wall-impinged kerosene (RP-3) fuel spray at different injection quantities and pressures. Experiments are conducted in a constant volume combustion vessel to simulate the Diesel engine condition, adopting a single-hole nozzle with 0.22 mm. The flame images are captured using a high-speed camera, and then the behaviors of ignition and combustion are processed and analyzed. The main emphasis is placed on the variation laws of the ignition position distance, the ignition delay time, the combustion duration, the flame area, spatially integrated natural luminosity and time integrated natural luminosity.

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Baert, R. S. G. "Autoignition of Heavy Fuel Oil Sprays at High Pressures and Temperatures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906498.

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This paper reports on an experimental study of the autoignition behavior of several heavy fuel oils in a large constant-volume combustion chamber with single-shot injection. In the experiments the pressure and the temperature of the air in the combustion chamber before fuel injection varied between 30 and 70 bar and between 730 and 920 K. Illumination delay and pressure delay values have been correlated with these pressures and temperatures. It is shown that for all but one of the fuels examined, ignition delay ranking changes little with the choice of ignition delay definition, but more with the pressure and temperature conditions in the combustion chamber. The usefulness of the Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index is discussed.

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Kampanis, N., C. Arcoumanis, S. Kometani, R. Kato, and H. Kinoshita. "Flow and Mixture Distribution in a High-Speed Five-Valve Direct Injected Gasoline Engine." International Journal of Engine Research 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30639.

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The in-cylinder flow, spray dynamics, air-spray interaction, and fuel vapour distribution have been characterized in a motorcycle five-valve gasoline engine in terms of their effect on performance and emissions. A five-valve single-cylinder optical engine was employed which operated at speeds up to 3000 r/min in the close spacing configuration, with an early induction injection strategy using a centrally mounted swirl pressure atomizer. Particle image velocimetry, spray imaging in a spray chamber and in the engine, and planar laser-induced fluorescence revealed the importance of a strong and ordered in-cylinder flow for the efficient distribution of the liquid fuel throughout the cylinder volume and its complete evaporation prior to combustion, especially in the relatively low speed regime investigated. Furthermore, in the absence of a large-scale vortex structure during compression, incomplete mixing may still occur, resulting in mixture inhomogeneities and flow instability. Consequently, in contrast to port fuel injected engines, where good mixing could be achieved at high revolution rates, even with an unstructured flow, in direct injection engines an ordered flow structure is a prerequisite for efficient combustion and low exhaust emissions.

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Raghu, P., K. Thilagan, M. Thirumoorthy, Siddharth Lokachari, and N. Nallusamy. "Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel in Direct Injection Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.173.

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Alternative fuels for diesel engines are becoming important due to the decrease of petroleum reservoirs and the increase of environment pollution problems. The biodiesel is technically competitive with conventional petroleum-derived diesel fuel and requires no changes in the fuel distribution system. Injection process of biodiesel influences the atomization and dispersion of fuel in the combustion chamber. In diesel Engine different tests have been performed to improve the efficiency in cycle, power, less emission, speed, etc. There are various methods of visualizing the combustion chamber in a Diesel engine. For visualizing spray characteristics of combustion chamber in Diesel engine the window of 10mm diameter hole, transparent quartz glass materials are used, which can with-stand 1500°C temperature and pressure of about 1000 bar and engine is hand cranked for conducting the experiments. Spray characteristics of palm oil methyl ester (POME) and diesel were studied experimentally. Spray penetration and spray angle were measured in a combustion chamber of DI diesel engine by employing high definition video camera and image processing technique. The study shows the POME gives longer spray tip penetration and spray angle are smaller than those of diesel fuels. This is due to the viscosity and density of biodiesel.

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WAKABAYASHI, Daiki, Takashi MIMURA, Jing SUN, Kotaro TANAKA, Mitsuru KONNO, and Yoshihiro ISHII. "G071024 Observation of combustion DME spray under the engine-like high temperature and high pressure condition." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _G071024–1—_G071024–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._g071024-1.

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Kulmankov, Sergey P., Sergejus Lebedevas, Vladimir Sinitsyn, Galina Lebedeva, Sergey S. Kulmankov, and Sergey Yakovlev. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE FUEL SPRAY STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ITS FORMATION ON SURFACE COMBUSTION OF BIOFUELS IN DIESEL ENGINES." TRANSPORT 31, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1071279.

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The paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of the structure of the fuel, rapeseed oil and diesel fuel sprays obtained by analysing their optical density. The results are obtained by investigating a conventionally designed fuel supply system and a high-pressure common rail system. The experimental data on the velocity and length of fuel sprays are given. The study has shown that when high pressure fuel supply systems are used, the fuel spray is increased by about three times, while its area is increased up to 50% and homogeneity is also higher. As a result, selfignition delay time is reduced and the combustion process is intensified. The methods, taking into consideration the specific character of using the alternative types of fuel and high pressure systems, which have been tested in the experimental conditions, are suggested for calculating the time of self-ignition delay. The applied methods allow us to reduce the error of determining self-ignition delay time up to five percent. Based on the calculated data, the factors limiting the ignition of the sprayed fuel have been defined.

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Zhai, Chang, Yu Jin, Qing Wu, Keiya Nishida, and Yoichi Ogata. "Diesel spray and combustion of multi-hole injectors with micro-hole under ultra-high injection pressure – Combustion characteristics." Fuel 300 (September 2021): 120949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120949.

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Journal articles on the topic 'High pressure spray combustion'

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