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Journal articles on the topic 'High pressure spray'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nasr, G. G., R. A. Sharief, and A. J. Yule. "High Pressure Spray Cooling of a Moving Surface." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 8 (2005): 752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2217747.

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A novel technique is described for investigating spray cooling of moving hot surfaces. An experimental investigation is described for vertically downwards water sprays impinging on a horizontal steel annulus of 250mm diameter with a surface temperature up to 600°C, and rotating at up to 120rpm, giving a tangential velocity of 1.35ms−1. The central homogeneous zones of sprays from full-cone atomizers are used at pressures up to 2.07MPa and the ranges of impacting spray parameters are 0.98to12.5kgm−2s−1 for mass flux, 49-230μm for volume median drop diameter, and 9.8-32.3ms−1 for impinging veloc

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2

Gao, J., D. Jiang, Z. Huang, and X. Wang. "Experimental and numerical study of high-pressure-swirl injector sprays in a direct injection gasoline engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 8 (2005): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x31333.

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The characteristics of free spray of a new type high-pressure-swirl injector in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine under various injection conditions are investigated. The fuel spray with hollow-cone structure, wide spreading, and large spray angle is observed under the injection condition simulating to the GDI engine operation at full load. The study shows that a vortex structure can be clearly observed in the periphery of the spray. Meanwhile, an initial spray slug also appears at the tip of the main spray. Under the injection condition of GDI engine partial load, the structure of fuel s

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3

Shi, H., and C. Kleinstreuer. "Simulation and Analysis of High-Speed Droplet Spray Dynamics." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 5 (2006): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717621.

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An experimentally validated computer simulation model has been developed for the analysis of gas-phase and droplet characteristics of isothermal sprays generated by pressure jet atomizers. Employing a coupled Euler-Lagrange approach for the gas-droplet flow, secondary droplet breakup (based on the ETAB model), was assumed to be dominant and the k-ε model was selected for simulating the gas flow. Specifically, transient spray formation in terms of turbulent gas flow as well as droplet velocities and size distributions are provided for different back pressures. Clearly, two-way coupling of the p

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4

Sphicas, Panos, and Apostolos Pesyridis. "Diesel Spray Liquid Length Imaging at High Pressure." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062874.

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Engine efficiency and emissions depend on the fuel atomization and dispersion. The fuel atomization and dispersion depend heavily on the ambient pressure and temperature. In this work, to study Diesel sprays in engine conditions, an electrically heated, constant-volume, pressurized vessel was designed and manufactured. The controlling electronics and software were developed and tested to ensure safe and precise operation. A commercial Bosch six-hole automotive Diesel injector was used. The spray spatial and temporal development were studied. In the literature, spray liquid length and cone angl

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5

Kapusta, Łukasz Jan, Jakub Bachanek, Changzhao Jiang, Jakub Piaszyk, Hongming Xu, and Mirosław Lech Wyszyński. "Liquid Propane Injection in Flash-Boiling Conditions." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196257.

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This study aimed to investigate the influence of flash-boiling conditions on liquid propane sprays formed by a multi-hole injector at various injection pressures. The focus was on spray structures, which were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of spray-tip penetration and global spray angle. The effect of flash boiling was evaluated in terms of trends observed for subcooled conditions. Propane was injected by a commercial gasoline direct injector into a constant volume vessel filled with nitrogen at pressures from 0.1 MPa up to 6 MPa. The temperature of the injected liquid was

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6

Yue, Zongyu, and Rolf D. Reitz. "An equilibrium phase spray model for high-pressure fuel injection and engine combustion simulations." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 2 (2017): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417744144.

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High-pressure fuel injection impacts mixture preparation, ignition and combustion in engines and other applications. Experimental studies have revealed the mixing-controlled and local phase equilibrium characteristics of liquid vaporization in high injection pressure diesel engine sprays. However, most computational fluid dynamics models for engine simulations spend much effort in solving for non-equilibrium spray processes. In this study, an equilibrium phase spray model is explored. The model is developed based on jet theory and a phase equilibrium assumption, without modeling drop breakup,

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7

Cohen, J. M., and T. J. Rosfjord. "Spray patternation at high pressure." Journal of Propulsion and Power 7, no. 4 (1991): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.23352.

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8

He, Haibin, Jie Wu, Lei Wang, et al. "An Experimental Study on the Flash Boiling Characteristics of Liquid Ammonia Spray in a Constant Volume Chamber under High Injection Pressure." Processes 12, no. 6 (2024): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061076.

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The spray characteristics of liquid ammonia under various ambient pressures and temperatures were analyzed in a constant volume chamber to cover a wide range of superheat degrees. The injection pressure was set as 70 and 80 MPa with ambient pressure ranging from 0.2 to 4 MPa. The ambient temperature was 500 K. The results showed that the higher the injection pressure, the greater the kinetic energy obtained. The droplet fragmentation was enhanced, and the phenomenon of gradual separation of the gas–liquid region occurred with increasing injection pressure. Under flash boiling spray conditions,

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9

Li, Xiang, Yi-qiang Pei, Jing Qin, Dan Zhang, Kun Wang, and Bei Xu. "Effect of ultra-high injection pressure up to 50 MPa on macroscopic spray characteristics of a multi-hole gasoline direct injection injector fueled with ethanol." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 8 (2017): 1092–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017726720.

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This research systematically studied the effect of injection pressure on macroscopic spray characteristics of a five-hole gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector fueled with ethanol, especially under ultra-high injection pressure up to 50 MPa. The front and side views of sprays were photographed by the schlieren method using a high-speed camera. Various parameters, including spray development stages, cone angle, penetration, area and irregular ratio, were fully analyzed to evaluate macroscopic characteristics of the whole spray and spray core with varying injection pressure. The results demon

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10

Yunyi, Gong, and Liang Xuanming. "The Effect of Ambient Gas Temperature and Density on the Development and Wall Impingement of High-Injection-Pressure Diesel Fuel Sprays." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 4 (1993): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906774.

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An investigation of the effect of ambient gas temperature and density on diesel fuel spray penetration, spray angle, and wall impingement at an injection pressure of 75–134 MPa was conducted in a constant-volume bomb with a reconstructed Cummins PT fuel system by using a high-speed photographic technique. The results show that penetration does not increase monotonically with injection pressure, and ambient temperature has more effect on a high-pressure spray than on those with conventional pressures. With the high temperature, the penetration of a high injection pressure spray is reduced a bit

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11

Fang, Yuwen, Xiao Ma, Yixiao Zhang, et al. "Experimental Investigation of High-Pressure Liquid Ammonia Injection under Non-Flash Boiling and Flash Boiling Conditions." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062843.

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Liquid ammonia is an ideal zero-carbon fuel for internal combustion engines. High-pressure injection is a key technology in organizing ammonia combustion. Characteristics of high-pressure liquid ammonia injection is lack of research. Spray behaviors are likely to change when a high-pressure diesel injector uses liquid ammonia as its fuel. This study uses high-speed imaging with a DBI method to investigate the liquid penetration, width, and spray tip velocity of high-pressure liquid ammonia injection up to 100 MPa. Non-flash and flash boiling conditions were included in the experimental conditi

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12

Wang, T. C., J. S. Han, X. B. Xie, et al. "Parametric Characterization of High-Pressure Diesel Fuel Injection Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 2 (2003): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1498268.

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The focus of the study described herein is the characterization of the high-pressure hydraulic electronic unit injector (HEUI) and of the electronic unit injector (EUI) diesel injection systems. The characterization items include injection pressure, injection rate, injector response time, needle lift, start up injection transient, and dynamic discharge coefficient of the nozzles. Macroscopic and microscopic spray visualizations were also performed. The effects of injection conditions and nozzle configurations on injection characteristics were reviewed. Nozzle sac pressure was measured to corre

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13

Bianchi, G. M., P. Pelloni, F. E. Corcione, L. Allocca, and F. Luppino. "Modeling Atomization of High-Pressure Diesel Sprays." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 2 (2000): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1361110.

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This paper deals with a numerical and experimental characterization of a high-pressure diesel spray injected by a common-rail injection system. The experiments considered a free non-evaporating spray and they were performed in a vessel reproducing the practical density that characterizes a D.I. diesel engine at injection time. The fuel was supplied at high pressure by a common-rail injection system with a single hole tip. The computations have been carried out by using both the TAB model and a hybrid model that allows one to describe both liquid jet atomization and droplet breakup. In order to

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14

Lee, Choong Hoon. "An Experimental Study on the Correlation between Spray Dispersion Area and Tip Penetration Using an Edge Detection Technique of Images Captured from Highly Pressurized Cr-Di Fuel Injection." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.513.

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A correlation between the spray tip penetration and dispersion area was investigated. Images of diesel fuel sprays from high-pressure common rail injectorwere analyzed using an edge-detecting technique. Diesel fuel sprays were injected into a pressurized spray chamber. The gas density in the spray chamber was 17.97kg/m3, which is representative of the density in a typical diesel engine when the fuel injection process starts. Consecutive images of the diesel spray were captured with a high-speed digital camera. The spray tip penetration and dispersion area according to the time when the fuel in

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15

Dodge, L. G., T. J. Callahan, T. W. Ryan, J. A. Schwalb, C. E. Benson, and R. P. Wilson. "Injection Characteristics of Coal-Water Slurries in Medium-Speed Diesel Equipment." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (1992): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906620.

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The injection characteristics of several micronized coal-water slurries (CWSs, where “s” implies plural) were investigated at high injection pressures (40 to 140 MPa, or 6,000 to 20,000 psi). Detailed spray characteristics including drop-size distributions and cone angles were measured using a continuous, high-pressure injection system spraying through various hole shapes and sizes into a continuous, elevated-pressure air flow. Penetration and cone angle were also measured using intermittent injection into an elevated-pressure quiescent chamber. Cone angles and fuel-air mixing increased rapidl

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16

Duronio, Francesco, Angelo De De Vita, Alessandro Montanaro, and Luigi Allocca. "Experimental Investigation and Numerical CFD Assessment of a Thermodynamic Breakup Model for Superheated Sprays with Injection Pressure up to 700 Bar." Fluids 8, no. 5 (2023): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8050155.

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Among the most relevant fields of research recently investigated for improving the performance of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, there are ultrahigh injection pressures and the flash-boiling phenomenon. Both perform relevant roles in improving the air/fuel mixing process, reducing tailpipe emissions and implementing new combustion methods. When a high-temperature fuel is released into an environment with a pressure lower than the fuel’s saturation pressure, flash boiling occurs. Due to complex two-phase flow dynamics and quick droplet vaporization, flash boiling can significantly mod

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17

Fan, Minghao. "Spray atomization of high pressure nozzle." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition) 17, supp (2004): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2004.supp.253.

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18

Vilke, Gary M., and Brian Snyder. "High pressure paint spray gun injury." Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 2 (2002): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-4679(02)00492-4.

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19

Zheng, Q. P., A. K. Jasuja, and A. H. Lefebvre. "Structure of Airblast Sprays Under High Ambient Pressure Conditions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 3 (1997): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817014.

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A single-velocity-component phase Doppler particle analyzer is used to survey and measure local variations in drop-size distributions and drop velocities in the nearnozzle region of a practical, contraswirling, prefilming airblast atomizer. The technique of laser sheet imaging is used to obtain global patterns of the spray. All measurements are taken with a constant pressure drop across the atomizer of 5 percent, at ambient air pressures of 1, 6, and 12 bar. The liquid employed is aviation kerosine at flow rates up to 75 g/s. The results show that increasing the air pressure from 1 to 12 bar a

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20

Rosignoli, Federico, and Lucio Postrioti. "Experimental Validation of an Innovative Approach for GDI Spray Pattern Recognition." Fuels 2, no. 1 (2021): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels2010002.

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In the present automotive scenario, along with hybridization, GDI technology is progressively spreading in order to improve the powertrain thermal efficiency. In order to properly match the fuel spray development with the combustion chamber design, using robust and accurate diagnostics is required. In particular, for the evaluation of the injection quality in terms of spray shape, vision tests are crucial for GDI injection systems. By vision tests, parameters such as spray tip penetration and cone angles can be measured, as the operating conditions in terms of mainly injection pressure, inject

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21

Kawaharada, Noritsune, Lennart Thimm, Toni Dageförde, Karsten Gröger, Hauke Hansen, and Friedrich Dinkelacker. "Approaches for Detailed Investigations on Transient Flow and Spray Characteristics during High Pressure Fuel Injection." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124410.

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High pressure injection systems have essential roles in realizing highly controllable fuel injections in internal combustion engines. The primary atomization processes in the near field of the spray, and even inside the injector, determine the subsequent spray development with a considerable impact on the combustion and pollutant formation. Therefore, the processes should be understood as much as possible; for instance, to develop mathematical and numerical models. However, the experimental difficulties are extremely high, especially near the injector nozzle or inside the nozzle, due to the ve

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22

DAN, Tomohisa, Sayo TAKAGISHI, Naoki OHISHI, Jiro SENDA, and Hajime FUJIMOTO. "Spray Structure in Diesel Fuel Spray with High Injection Pressure." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 62, no. 597 (1996): 2079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.62.2079.

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23

Zhou, Ai Ping, and De Sheng Wang. "Study on the Intake Wind Performance Experiment of the Pipe with High Pressure Spray." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.115.

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By the intake wind performance experiment study of the pipe with high pressure spray, it is pointed out that under experimental conditions the intake wind efficiency of the pipe with high pressure spray is closely related to the spray nozzle and the pipe's structure and the size.The relationship between pipe's intake wind volume and spray nozzle's water consumption is linear, and the relationship between spraying spread angle and the hydraulic pressure becomes nonlinear.The main parameters of reducing dust equipment with high pressure spray is the intake wind volume and controlled zone.Under t

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24

WISŁOCKI, Krzysztof, Ireneusz PIELECHA, Jakub CZAJKA, and Dmitrij MASLENNIKOV. "The qualitative spray analysis of liquid fuel in high-pressure piezoelectric injection system." Combustion Engines 143, no. 4 (2010): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117129.

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The paper presents the methodology and tests results of the influence of the fuel injection pressure and combustion chamber back pressure on the changes of the fuel spray geometrical parameters injection uniformity and its quality during the injection. While evaluating the geometrical fuel spray parameters the spray penetration, speed of propagation were taken into account and while evaluating the quality of the fuel atomization the outflow of the fuel from the injector were considered. The tests reported here were performed for one value of the air back pressure at the various injection press

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25

Xia, Hua. "Research on the internal flow and macroscopic characteristics of a diesel fuel injection process." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0255874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255874.

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The internal flow and macroscopic spray behaviors of a fuel injection process were studied with schlieren spray techniques and simulations. The injection pressures(Pin)and ambient pressures(Pout)were applied in a wide range. The results showed that increasing the Pin is likely to decrease the flow performance of the nozzle. Furthermore, increasing the Pin can increase the spray tip penetration. However, the effect of Pin on the spray cone angle was not evident. The spray cone angle at an injection pressure of 160MPa was 21.7% greater than at a pressure of 100MPa during the initial spraying sta

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26

Bi, Jinghao, and Xiao Xu. "Distribution Characteristics of Swirling-Straight Sprinklers Inside a Nuclear Power Pressurizer." Energies 18, no. 1 (2025): 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010206.

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Droplet size and distribution uniformity of sprinklers significantly affect production safety in the processes of steam temperature and pressure reduction within nuclear power, and other high-temperature, high-pressure industries. In industrial sprays with high flow rates and low pressure drops, reducing droplet size poses additional challenges, making improved spray uniformity essential for enhancing heat transfer. This study designed and produced a set of swirling-straight sprinklers, tested their flow characteristics and liquid distribution, and proposed a highly uniform spray mode involvin

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27

Lin, Jiun-Hung, Chih-Hong Chen, and Shih-Tsang Tang. "Design and Verification of Adaptive Adjustable Output Control on Micro Spray Gun." Machines 11, no. 3 (2023): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11030354.

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The general spray gun is used for industrial large-area spraying, and there is less demand for different pressures and the accuracy of spraying pressure, so mechanical pressure regulators are mostly used. However, as the demand for artistic innovation continues to grow, it promotes the advent of the micro spray gun. The micro spray gun is currently commonly known as an airbrush. The micro spray gun is mainly used for fine drawing, so it must provide different pressures with high precision pressures, but the existing mechanical regulators cannot meet this requirement. For these unmet requiremen

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28

Zhou, Xinyi, Tie Li, Yijie Wei, and Ning Wang. "Scaling liquid penetration in evaporating sprays for different size diesel engines." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 9 (2019): 1662–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419889835.

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Scaled model experiments can greatly reduce the cost, time and energy consumption in diesel engine development, and the similarity of spray characteristics has a primary effect on the overall scaling results of engine performance and pollutant emissions. However, although so far the similarity of spray characteristics under the non-evaporating condition has been studied to some extent, researches on scaling the evaporating sprays are still absent. The maximum liquid penetration length has a close relationship with the spray evaporation processes and is a key parameter in the design of diesel e

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29

., Safiullah. "Non-Vaporizing and Vaporizing Diesel Spray Evaluation with Experimental and Computational Approaches." Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology 19, no. 2 (2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.1902.17.

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Experimental and numerical modeling of diesel spray is necessary to understand the idea of efficient combustion and injection strategies in diesel engines. The current study aims to demonstrate the experimental and computational modeling of diesel spray under non-evaporating and evaporating conditions using three single hole injector diameters i.e. 0.133mm, 0.122mm and 0.101mm with injection pressure and injection quantity of 120 MPa and 5 mm3, respectively. First, the non-evaporating experiments are performed in high-pressure high-temperature constant volume vessel where the spray images are

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30

Park, Kweonha. "The flame behaviour of liquefied petroleum gas spray impinging on a flat plate in a constant volume combustion chamber." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 5 (2005): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11031.

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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sprays and diffusion flames are investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber having an impingement plate. The spray and flame images are visualized and compared with diesel and gasoline images over a wide range of ambient pressure. The high-speed digital camera is used to take the flame images. The injection pressure is generated by a Haskel air-driven pump, and the initial chamber pressure is adjusted by the amount of pumping air. The LPG spray and flame photographs are compared with those of gasoline and diesel fuel at the same conditions, and then the s

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31

Zhang, Rongrong, and Daifen Chen. "Investigation of Diesel Spray Characteristics in Low-temperature and Low-pressure Conditions." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 5 (2024): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/102/48.

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This study investigates the influence of altitude and injection pressure on diesel fuel spray characteristics, aiming to optimize diesel usage in high-altitude conditions. Experiments were conducted at three altitude levels (plains, 1670 m, and 2400 m) with corresponding atmospheric pressures and temperatures, alongside six injection pressures ranging from 50 MPa to 100 MPa. The investigation focused on key spray parameters: equivalence ratio, spray penetration velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, evaporation rate, spray penetration distance, and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). Findings indicate t

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Choi, W., and B.-C. Choi. "Estimation of the air entrainment characteristics of a transient high-pressure diesel spray." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 8 (2005): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34630.

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The air entrainment characteristics of a transient high-pressure diesel spray were investigated with respect to time and location for injection pressures ( Pinj = 76 or 137 MPa) and ambient density (ρa = 15.6 kg/m3) under the non-evaporating condition (303 K). A particle image velocimetry analysis was introduced and some parameters were defined to express air entrainment characteristics. The air entrainment rate increased greatly as the flow moved downstream owing to a larger contact surface area and a recirculating flow. Higher pressure led to a greater entrainment rate with higher effectiven

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33

Zhou, Si Qing, He Ming Cheng, Jian Yun Li, Liu Chuang Wei, Xue Zhang, and Tie Xin Yang. "Developed New Type of Pneumatic Spray Nozzle and Research of Spray Characteristic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1766–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1766.

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The Pneumatic atomizing nozzle is quenching test professional nozzle which is designed for new quenching process taking high-pressure nitrogen gas water as quenching medium. It meets the requirements of high pressure nitrogen quenching process and reaches the requirements that particle size can be adjusted, flow spray field coverage angle is large, flow and pressure are adjustable and the amplitude of accommodation is big. The nozzle special for high-pressure gas quenching test is less and it can only be chose from other functional nozzles, having great limitations. The development of nozzle s

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Mantari, M. H. A. R., Y. A. Eldrainy, and Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar. "Spray Characterization of Palm Olein/Diesel Blends under Various Injection Pressures." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.645.

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The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and spray cone angle are two important parameters that characterize spray performance. The objective of this study is to characterize palm olein/diesel blends spray in terms of spray angle and SMD under different injection pressures using a hollow cone pressure swirl atomizer. The physical properties of five diesel/palm olein blends, namely B5, B10, B15, B20 and B25 were measured and their spray characteristics were tested at injection pressures of 0.8MPa, 1.0MPa, and 1.2MPa under ambient atmospheric condition. The results were compared to spray established using

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35

Srichai, Prathan, Chinda Chareonphonphanich, Preechar Karin, and Nuwong Chollacoop. "Spray Visualization of Biodiesel and Diesel in a High Pressure Chamber." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1043.

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The present research attempted to characterize fuel spray pattern, such as spray angle, spray penetration and their mixture formation by recourse to images analysis. Diesel and biodiesel were used to investigate via a single hole injector (solinoild type) in a constant volume high-pressure chamber. In this experimental study, the spray characteristics of diesel and biodiesel fuel were comparatively evaluated. Initial conditions were ambient temperature, ambient density of 21 kg/m3, injection durations varied from 0.5 and 1 ms and rail pressure of 400 and 800 bar. The series of images were capt

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36

Cho, Seong-Ho, Ji-Hyuk Im, Young-Bin Yoon, Seong-Man Choi, and Young-Min Han. "Spray Distribution Measurement at High Ambient Pressure." Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization 6, no. 1 (2008): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5407/jksv.2008.6.1.059.

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37

Weidner, E., M. Petermann, and Z. Knez. "Multifunctional composites by high-pressure spray processes." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 7, no. 4-5 (2003): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2003.09.002.

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38

Rehman, S., and K. Zaidi. "Design and Fabrication of the High Pressure Effervescent Spray Combustion System." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2014): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.211427.

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The purpose of the present work is to design and fabricate the high pressure effervescent spray combustion system for the study of high pressure spray effervescent combustion characteristics. In the present work, the high pressure effervescent spray cylindrical combustion chamber or system was developed by producing internal pressure and temperature due to combustion process approximately equal to 32 bar and 800 K respectively. It is found that curved surface thickness and closed end surface thickness of the cylindrical combustion chamber were 7.42 mm and 15.76 mm respectively.

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39

Cerruto, Emanuele, Giuseppe Emma, and Giuseppe Manetto. "SPRAY APPLICATIONS TO TOMATO PLANTS IN GREENHOUSES. PART 2: EFFECT OF SPRAY LANCE TYPE." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 40, no. 3 (2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2009.3.49.

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The present paper reports the results of some spray application trials carried out in a greenhouse with full developed tomato plants to assess foliar deposition, ground losses, and dermal operator exposure when using handheld high pressure spray lances and when walking backwards during treatments. Two spray lance types (conventional with one nozzle and Yamaho C-6 with two steel nozzles, each with two orifices) and two working pressures (10 and 20 bar) were taken into consideration. An experimental design with two factors (spray lance and pressure) was adopted, arranged according to a randomise

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Putra, Dimas Endrawan, Nasrul Ilminnafik, M. Fahrur Rozy Hentihu, Muh Nurkoyim Kustanto, Danang Yudistiro, and Skriptyan N. H. Syuhri. "Analysis of Avgas Fuel Spraying Schemes Using the ANSYS Application Approach." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) 8, no. 1 (2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v8i12024p071.

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Avgas fuel consumption on Cessna trainer aircraft is very high. However, there has been little research regarding spray impacts in Cessna aircraft engines. The phenomenon of avgas spray colliding with the cylinder wall may occur during fuel injection, resulting in a changed spray radius and height, which will affect the mixing of fuel and air. In several aspects, this affects engine performance and exhaust emissions on Cessna aircraft. This research aims to determine and study the phenomenon of spray impact on avgas-fueled aircraft engines. The fuel spray in the study occurred in the combustio

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Kwack, E. Y., L. H. Back, and C. P. Bankston. "Electrostatic Dispersion of Diesel Fuel Jets at High Back Pressure." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (1989): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240293.

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An experimental study of electrostatically atomized and dispersed fuel jets has been conducted in room temperature N2 gas for various back pressures to 41.8 atm. No. 2 diesel fuel was injected through an electrostatic spray triode designed for high-pressure operation. Charge density measurements were conducted at various combinations of injection velocities, electric potentials, and back pressures. The charge density of fuel drops increased up to 1.5 C/m3 with increasing electric potential until breakdown occurred. After breakdown the charge density was reduced by 40 to 60 percent and again in

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Mehta, Pramod S., S. Rajkumar, and Shamit Bakshi. "SP1-1 Modeling Spray and Mixing Processes in High Pressure Multiple-injection CRDI Engines : Modeling CRDI Engines(SP: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.628.

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Son, Min, Lars Zigan, Michael Pfitzner, and Tobias Sander. "Integrated Optical Diagnostics Of Cyclopentane Sprays To Characterize Transcritical Phase Transitions." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 8, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.213.

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This research investigates spray phase transitions under subcritical and transcritical conditions relevant to high-pressure combustion systems. Using advanced optical diagnostic techniques, including shadowgraphy (SH), Mie scattering (MS), and infrared radiation (IR) measurements, the study focuses on cyclopentane sprays in a high-pressure, high-temperature chamber filled with gaseous nitrogen. Three cases are studied to understand spray behavior under varying injection conditions. SH and MS analyses reveal significant differences across the cases. As the chamber temperature increases, the liq

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Martin, Daniel E., Bradley K. Fritz, and Mohamed A. Latheef. "A Model to Predict Chargeability of Aerial Electrostatic Spray Nozzles for Fixed-Wing Agricultural Aircraft." Journal of the ASABE 68, no. 2 (2025): 293–307. https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.16054.

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HighlightsEfficacy of electrostatically charged spray applications depends upon charge-to-mass ratio.Chargeability for electrostatic nozzles, TXVS-2, and TXVK-3, 4, 6 increased as airspeed increased.Droplet size increased with nozzle orifice size and decreased with airspeed and spray pressure.Chargeability was lower for nozzles with higher flowrate.An Excel-based model provides droplet size and charge-to-mass ratio data for aerial applicators.ABSTRACT. Optimizing electrostatically charged aerial sprays of pest control products on field crops by fixed-wing aircraft is required to incur benefici

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Aalam, C. Syed. "Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure on Spray Characterization of Mahua Biodiesel Blend Using CRDI Injection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 2189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44248.

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Abstract: In this study, the effect of fuel injection pressure on spray characterization of mahua biodiesel blend (B20) was visually analysed using CRDI fuel injection system. To analyse the spray characteristics, biodiesel blend fuel (B20) has injected at different injection pressures like 20, 30, 40and 50 MPa pressures. The fuel injection pressures and fuel injection durations were varied using electronic control module fitted with CRDI system. The spray structure of mahua biodiesel blend (B20) were recorded using a high-speed camera. For testing purpose one port of CRDI unit was connected w

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Wu, Jian, Li Li Zhu, Zhan Cheng Wang, Bin Xu, and Hong Ming Wang. "Experimental Study of the Spray Characteristics of n-Butanol/Diesel Blends." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1394.

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we studied the spray characteristics of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends using a high-speed camera and schlieren system, and analyzed the effect of different fuels, ambient pressure and injection pressure conditions on the spray penetration, spray cone angle, spray area, et al. The results showed that, at the same injection pressure, as the increase of ambient pressure, the spray cone angle of the same volume of fuel increases gradually, the spray penetration and the spray area decreases; under the same ambient pressure, the spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray area increase gradually wit

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Janna, William S. "Research Needs: Industrial Spray Processes, Spray Drying, and Heat Transfer." Applied Mechanics Reviews 41, no. 10 (1988): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3151870.

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A survey of researchers and of manufacturers of spraying, drying, and spray heat transfer equipment was conducted. Those that responded provided descriptions of processes and devices that need developmental attention. Several of these problems are described here (eg, a unifying theory of how atomization takes place; a method of evaluating the performance of a spray used to dissolve air in water to enhance mass transfer processes; a comprehensive model for predicting heat transfer from high pressure sprays; etc). It is concluded that many research topics can be gleaned from industry as needs de

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Wang, Xiangting, Haiqiao Wei, Jiaying Pan, Zhen Hu, Zeyuan Zheng, and Mingzhang Pan. "Analysis of Diesel Knock for High-Altitude Heavy-Duty Engines Using Optical Rapid Compression Machines." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123080.

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In high altitude regions, affected by the low-pressure and low-temperature atmosphere, diesel knock is likely to be encountered in heavy-duty engines operating at low-speed and high-load conditions. Pressure oscillations during diesel knock are commonly captured by pressure transducers, while there is a lack of direct evidence and visualization images, such that its fundamental formation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, optical experiments on diesel knock with destructive pressure oscillations were investigated in an optical rapid compression machine. High-speed direct photography an

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Hoffmann, Wesley Clint, Bradley Keith Fritz, Muhammad Farooq, et al. "Evaluation of Aerial Spray Technologies for Adult Mosquito Control Applications." Journal of Plant Protection Research 53, no. 3 (2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0034.

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Abstract Spray droplet size has long been recognized as an important variable that applicators of vector control sprays must be aware of to make the most effective spray applications. Researchers and applicators have several different techniques available to assess spray droplet size from spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to compare the droplet size spectrum produced by three nozzles commonly used in vector control in a high-speed wind tunnel, when characterized using three different laser-based droplet size measurement systems. Three droplet sizing systems: Malvern Spraytec laser

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Naz, Muhammad Yasin, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman, and Bambang Ari-Wahjoedi. "Experimental Study of Airless Spray Jet Breakup at Elevated Temperature and Pressure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.711.

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The presented research work was focused onto the understanding of the jet behavior of the sprays of heated water during the low pressure atomization process. This task was accomplished using an in-house built intermittently forced liquid spraying system capable of lowering the liquid viscosity and surface tension to a desired value and then atomizing it into a full cone spray patterns in the ambient air surrounding. Using a high speed camera, the jet breakup dynamics were visualized as a function of system input parameters. The analysis of the grabbed images confirmed the strong influence of t

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