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Journal articles on the topic 'High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) degradation impurities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

P., Chandrashekhar Reddy*1 2. G. Sampath Kumar Reddy3 and B. Jainendra Kumar 4. "Advancements in HPLC Techniques for Detecting and identification of Process-Related and Degradants Impurities in Pharmaceutical Compounds." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 527–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14834264.

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Advancements in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) have significantly improved the detection, identification and quantification of process-related impurities and degradants in pharmaceuticals. Key innovations include Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC), which provides enhanced resolution and sensitivity, and multi-dimensional chromatography for better separation of complex mixtures. The integration of HPLC with Mass Spectrometry, particularly LC-MS/MS and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), enables precise identification and quantification of impurities at tra

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2

Bosc-Bierne, Gaby, and Michael G. Weller. "Investigation of Impurities in Peptide Pools." Separations 12, no. 2 (2025): 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations12020036.

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Peptide pools are important research tools in different biomedical fields. They consist of a complex mixture of defined peptides, which places high demands on the production and quality control of these products. Previously it has been shown that the combination of UHPLC with high-resolution mass-spectrometry (HRMS) is a fast and powerful method to confirm the relative concentration and the structural identity of all peptides expected to be in the pool. In this work, the additional information contained in the UV chromatograms and mass spectra is used to search for impurities due to synthesis

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3

Sharavanan, Selliamman Palaniyandi Nallusamy, Chidambaram Subramanian Venkatesan, Singaram Sathiyanarayanan, and Senthamaraikannan Kabilan. "Potential Impurities of Tigecycline: Synthesis, Isolation, Characterization and In Vitro Pharmacological Evaluation." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 6 (2020): 730–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190225160030.

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Background: Tigecycline is a known antibiotic in the tetracycline family and a chemical analog of minocycline. It may be used for the treatment against drug-resistant bacteria. Methods: HPLC method was used for related substance analysis. The degraded impurities during the process were isolated and characterized by IR, HRMS (High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) and NMR spectral analysis. Results: Four impurities of tigecycline, a broad spectrum antibacterial agent, were identified, synthesized and characterized. The in vitro biological evaluation of the isolated compounds showed significant anti

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4

Maganti, Sivaji, Suryakala Duvvuri, Srivathsa Degekar Gouni, Pavani Kadupu, and M. Bhaskara Praveen Varma. "RP-HPLC Method for the Quantification of Impurities in Etelcalcetide Injection and a Comparative Characterization Study of In-House Samples of Etelcalcetide Injection with Reference-Listed Drug Samples." Asian Journal of Chemistry 37, no. 4 (2025): 968–74. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33486.

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In present study, an accurate and simple reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of potential impurities resulting from etelcalcetide injection was validated. An Ace Excel 3 C18 amide column with 100% 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 2.0) buffer (100%) was used as mobile phase A and a 60:10 (%v/v) ratio of acetonitrile and 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 2.0) was used as mobile phase B. The wavelength detection performed at 210 nm. Etelcalcetide injection was subjected to thermal, photolytic, acid, base, and peroxide degradation conditions, which w

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5

Gao, Shenghua, Lili Meng, Chunjie Zhao, Tao Zhang, Pengcheng Qiu, and Fuli Zhang. "Identification, Characterization and Quantification of Process-Related and Degradation Impurities in Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: Identifiction of Two New Compounds." Molecules 23, no. 12 (2018): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123125.

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Twelve impurities (process-related and degradation) in lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drug, were first separated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The structures of the twelve impurities were further confirmed and characterized by IR, HRMS and NMR analyses. Based on the characterization data, two previously unknown impurities formed during the process development and forced degradation were proposed to be (2S)-2,6-di-(lysyl)-amino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2

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6

Zhang, Dandan, Weijian Wang, Haiyun Zhao, et al. "Structural Identification of Impurities in Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Preparations by 2D-UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS and Their Toxicity Prediction." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023 (October 17, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2096521.

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Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies have more and more concerns for impurities in pharmaceuticals and their toxicity. In this work, heart-cutting two-dimensional ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (2D-UHPLC) in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used, setting HRMS as positive mode of electrospray ionization to identify five impurities in pioglitazone hydrochloride preparations. With the heart-cutting 2D-UHPLC and online desalting technique, the structures of five impurities were deduced in an analysis of MSn data. And three of them, Impurity-2,

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Hong, Junting, Nadia Boussetta, Gérald Enderlin, Nabil Grimi, and Franck Merlier. "Real-Time Monitoring of the Atrazine Degradation by Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Effect of Fenton Process and Ultrasound Treatment." Molecules 27, no. 24 (2022): 9021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249021.

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High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (uHPLC) to monitor atrazine (ATZ) degradation process of Fenton/ultrasound (US) treatment in real time. Samples were automatically taken through a peristaltic pump, and then analysed by HPLC-HRMS. The injection in the mass spectrometer was performed every 4 min for 2 h. ATZ and its degradation metabolites were sampled and identified. Online Fenton experiments in different equivalents of Fenton reagents, online US experiments with/without Fe2+ and offline Fenton experiments were conducted. Hig

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8

Meijer, Nils W. F., Susan Zwakenberg, Johan Gerrits, et al. "Direct Infusion Mass Spectrometry to Rapidly Map Metabolic Flux of Substrates Labeled with Stable Isotopes." Metabolites 14, no. 5 (2024): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14050246.

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Direct infusion–high-resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS) allows for rapid profiling of complex mixtures of metabolites in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue samples and cultured cells. Here, we present a DI-HRMS method suitable for the rapid determination of metabolic fluxes of isotopically labeled substrates in cultured cells and organoids. We adapted an automated annotation pipeline by selecting labeled adducts that best represent the majority of 13C and/or 15N-labeled glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as well as a number of their derivatives. Furthermore, valine, leuc

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Gandhi, Santosh Kumar, and Badal Kumar Mandal. "Identification and Structural Characterization of Forced Degradation Impurities of Sacubitril by HRMS – Development and Validation of a Stability indicating RP-HPLC method." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 12 (2023): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2712rjce1690179.

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The current work identifies and characterises the stress degradation products of the anti-hypertensive drug sacubitril. The stability profile of sacubitril was evaluated under several stress settings including hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic conditions in accordance with ICH recommendations. The degradation products of sacubitril were separated using reverse phase liquid chromatography and structural characterization was carried out using HRMS. The chromatographic separation was carried out by Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a Fortis C18 colum

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10

Mesonzhnik, Natalia, Anton Belushenko, Polina Novikova, Alexey Kukharenko, and Mikhail Afonin. "Enhanced N-Glycan Profiling of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies through the Application of Upper-Hinge Middle-Up Level LC-HRMS Analysis." Antibodies 13, no. 3 (2024): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib13030066.

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Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial in modern medicine due to their effectiveness in treating various diseases. However, the structural complexity of mAbs, particularly their glycosylation patterns, presents challenges for quality control and biosimilarity assessment. This study explores the use of upper-hinge middle-up (UHMU)-level ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis to improve N-glycan profiling of mAbs. Two specific enzymes, known as IgG degradation enzymes (IGDEs), were used to selectively cleave therapeutic mAb

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11

Baloul, Yasmine, Olivier Aubry, Hervé Rabat, Cyril Colas, Benoît Maunit, and Dunpin Hong. "Paracetamol degradation in aqueous solution by non-thermal plasma." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 79, no. 3 (2017): 30802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2017160472.

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This study deals with paracetamol degradation in water using a non-thermal plasma (NTP) created by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The effects of the NTP operating conditions on the degradation were studied, showing that the treatment efficiency of the process was highly dependent on the electrical parameters and working gas composition in the reactor containing the aqueous solution. A conversion rate higher than 99% was reached with an energy yield of 12 g/kWh. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) measurements showed that the main species produced in water during the process were ni

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12

Gonçalves, Nuno P. F., Zsuzsanna Varga, Edith Nicol, Paola Calza, and Stéphane Bouchonnet. "Comparison of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Degradation of Maprotiline in Water—Kinetics, Degradation Products and Potential Ecotoxicity." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020240.

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The impact of different oxidation processes on the maprotiline degradation pathways was investigated by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) experiments. The in-house SPIX software was used to process HRMS data allowing to ensure the potential singular species formed. Semiconductors photocatalysts, namely Fe-ZnO, Ce-ZnO and TiO2, proved to be more efficient than heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and persulfate. No significant differences were observed in the degradation pathways in the presence of photocatalysis, while the SO

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13

Coimbra, Pedro Paulo Saldanha, Anna Carolina Alves Gomes da Silva-e-Silva, Ananda da Silva Antonio, et al. "Antioxidant Capacity, Antitumor Activity and Metabolomic Profile of a Beetroot Peel Flour." Metabolites 13, no. 2 (2023): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020277.

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In this study, a beetroot peel flour was made, and its in vitro antioxidant activity was determined in aqueous (BPFw) and ethanolic (BPFe) extracts. The influence of BPFw on breast cancer cell viability was also determined. A targeted betalain profile was obtained using high-resolution Q-Extractive Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Obrtitrap-HRMS) alongside untargeted chemical profiling of BPFw using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). BPFw and BPFe presented satisfactory antioxidant activities, with emphasis on the total phenolic co

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14

Liana, Aleksandra, Adam Hałuszczuk, Andrzej Gawor, and Ewa Bulska. "Identification and Structural Characterization of Degradation Products of Linagliptin by Mass Spectrometry Techniques." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (2024): 2591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052591.

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As part of the development and production of pharmaceuticals, the purity of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients stands as a fundamental parameter that significantly influences the quality, safety, and efficacy of the final drug product. Impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients are various unwanted substances that can appear during the whole manufacturing process, from raw materials to the final product. These impurities can stem from multiple sources, including starting materials, intermediates, reagents, solvents, and even degradation products resulting from exposure to environmental fac

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15

Anwar, Shumaila, Akbar Khan, Mariyum Jamal, and Muhammad Zain Siddiqui. "Review on the modern analytical advancements in impurities testing." Advances in Analytic Science 6, no. 1 (2025): 3159. https://doi.org/10.54517/aas3159.

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<p>Impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and pharmaceutical drug products (DPs) lead to broader antithetical effects related to drug safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. This review discusses organic, elemental, and inorganic impurities, and residual solvents and stresses their impact on the quality of APIs and pharmaceutical DPs regarding patient safety. It endorses immensely developed contemporary analytical techniques like High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography (GC), for organic impurities and discusses their hyphenated Mass Spec

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16

Feng, Chengcheng, Nadia Sultana, Xinyi Sui, et al. "High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Reactive Dye Derivatives Removed from Biodegraded Dyed Cotton by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 1 (2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.s1.2.

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The purpose of this study was to determine and characterize the biodegradation of reactive dyes on cotton jersey fabrics buried in soil. Four commonly-used reactive dyes, C. I. Reactive Black 5 (RBlk5), C. I. Reactive Red 198 (RR198), C. I. Reactive Blue 49 (RB49), and C. I. Reactive Orange 35 (RO35), were used in this study. Degradation products were characterized and proposed based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A chemical method and an enzymatic digestion were developed and used to remove the reactive dye from the cont

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17

Chakravarthy Kotha, S. S. K., Raju Doddipalla, Himabindu Gandham, Chidananda Swamy Rumalla, Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal, and Srinivas Manchineni. "Degradation Studies of Tadalafil: Identification, Isolation and Structure Characterization of Stress Degradation Product using LC-MS, Mass Mediated Prep-HPLC, NMR, HRMS." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 4 (2021): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23115.

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The degradation behaviour of tadalafil performed under different stress conditions according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) was studied. A novel degradation product (DP) of tadalafil was observed only in acidic condition. An isolated degradation product [(R)-3-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carbonyl)-1-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione)] was identified by UPLC-MS technique and its structure was confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Acquity BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used in

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18

Motta, Paola Ribeiro, Douglas dos Santos Porto, Paulo Roberto Rodrigues Martini, et al. "Bilastine: Quantitative Determination by LC with Fluorescence Detection and Structural Elucidation of the Degradation Products Using HRMS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 6 (2020): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa059.

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Abstract Background A liquid chromatography (LC) stability-indicating method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of bilastine in coated tablets. Objective The procedure was validated for specificity, linearity, robustness, precision, and accuracy. Plackett-Burmann experimental design was used to determine the robustness of the method. Method Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack® RP-18 column with fluorescence detection. The degradation products formed under oxidative conditions were isolated and identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry (H

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19

Zhu, Li, Xu Teng, Yu Duan, et al. "Influence of Light Irradiation on the Degradation of Dezocine in Injections." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 7 (2024): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070858.

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Dezocine, which is well-known as an analgesic, had about 45% share of the Chinese opioid analgesic market. Since drug products containing impurities could bring serious health consequences, it was important to control the generation of impurities and degradation products in the dezocine product. In this study, two kinds of photodegradation products (i.e., degradation product 1 and degradation product 2) in the dezocine injection were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The possible structures of the photodegradation products were identified using both high-resolution mass sp

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20

Reinholds, I., G. Juodeikiene, E. Bartkiene, et al. "Evaluation of ozonation as a method for mycotoxins degradation in malting wheat grains." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 3 (2016): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2015.2011.

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The influence of ozone (O3) gas on reducing the contamination with Fusarium mycotoxins in malting wheat grains was investigated. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS) were used to determine mycotoxins in wheat grains before and 40 to 130 min after the exposure to 20 mg/l O3. Pearson’s analysis (R2=0.96-0.98) showed a good correlation between the performance efficiency of both mass spectrometry quantification techniques. The concentrations of determ

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21

Katta, Sreenivasa Rao, Immani Ramachandra Rao, P. Punitha, and Thota Siva prasad. "LC-MS/MS characterization of stress degradation products of Gilteritinib and establishment of HPLC method for analysis of process related impurities of Gilteritinib." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.2.109.123.

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Background: The current investigation entails the characterization of seven degradation products (DPs) formed in different stress conditions of gilteritinib employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methodology: This study developed a stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for precisely determining gilteritinib in the presence of its process-related impurities in bulk drug and formulation samples. To explore the stability profile of gilteritinib, it was exposed to forced degradation experiments conducted under variou

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Wroński, Michał, Jakub Trawiński, and Robert Skibiński. "Identification of New Hepatic Metabolites of Miconazole by Biological and Electrochemical Methods Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 29, no. 9 (2024): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092160.

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of miconazole, an azole antifungal drug. Miconazole was subjected to incubation with human liver microsomes (HLM) to mimic phase I metabolism reactions for the first time. Employing a combination of an HLM assay and UHPLC-HRMS analysis enabled the identification of seven metabolites of miconazole, undescribed so far. Throughout the incubation with HLM, miconazole underwent biotransformation reactions including hydroxylation of the benzene ring and oxidation of the imidazole moiety, along with its subsequent degradation. Additio

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23

Annereau, Maxime, Marina Vignes, Tahar Sif Eddine Bouchema, et al. "Identification of Degradation Products of the New Anticancer Drug Substance ONC201 by Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Multistage Mass Spectrometry." Chemosensors 11, no. 5 (2023): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050294.

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ONC201 (dordaviprone) is a new drug substance used in a compassionate manner to treat patients with glioblastoma. Given the clinical context and the particularly promising preclinical results, we have been asked by the medical authorities to make a first treatment available throughout France as a hospital preparation to allow access to treatment and to conduct clinical trials. However, to control the quality and safety conditions inherent in this academic manufacturing process, while there is virtually no data available to date to understand the stability of ONC201, we had to determine the sta

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Schröder, H. Fr, H. J. José, W. Gebhardt, R. F. P. M. Moreira, and J. Pinnekamp. "Biological wastewater treatment followed by physicochemical treatment for the removal of fluorinated surfactants." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (2010): 3208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.917.

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Perfluorinated surfactants (PFS) have become compounds of high concern during the last decade. While “conventional surfactants” are degraded to a great extent in the biological wastewater treatment process, partly or perfluorinated surfactants are not only stable against biodegradation but also against oxidizing agents, they even resist OH-radical attacks. Our objectives were to eliminate the fluorinated surfactants perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by adsorption, separation or degradation with a balance of precursor compounds and follow-up of degradation produ

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25

Riegraf, Matthias, Katherine Develos Bagarinao, Indro Biswas, and Rémi Costa. "Sulfur Impurities in CO_x Feed Gases of Solid Oxide Cells: Effect on Degradation and Removal Strategies." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 1603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1603ecst.

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High-temperature solid oxide cells (SOC) offer unrivaled Faradaic and energetic efficiencies for carbon dioxide electrolysis. However, it is yet unclear which contaminant level in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide feed gases are tolerable to achieve low degradation rates. In this work, electrolyte-supported cells (ESC) with Ni/Gadolinia-doped ceria (Ni/CGO) fuel electrodes were exposed to CO/CO2 gas mixtures at open circuit voltage. The resistance evolution over time was monitored by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With this approach it is shown that a degradation over times

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Shaik, Rasheed Babu, Sasi Kumar Reddy Padala, D. Samsonu, Dharmasoth Rama DeviII, K. Basavaiah, and B. M. Rao. "LC–MS/MS Profiling of Stress-Induced Degradation Products of Avapritinib and Development of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Its Quantification and Impurity Analysis." Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis 20, no. 1 (2025): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.17721/moca.2025.52-58.

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The stability and purity of pharmaceutical compounds are critical for ensuring drug efficacy and patient safety. Avapritinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other cancers, requires a robust analytical method for its quantification and stability assessment. This study presents a validated stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation, identification, and quantification of avapritinib and its impurities under various stress conditions. The method utilizes an X-Bridge C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column w

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Soliman, Ghada, and Rinat Abzalimov. "Differential Effects of mTORC1 and mTORC2 Inhibition on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) Metabolomics and the Internal Exposome in Pancreatic Beta Cell Lines." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac078.020.

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Abstract Objectives The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complexes (mTORC1/mTORC2) are critical nodes for metabolism. We applied an HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics approach to determine the role of mTORC1/mTORC2 on the internal exposome in pancreatic cell line (β-TC6). mTORC1 is a nutrient-sensing network, while mTORC2 phosphorylates Akt on Ser473 and modulates energy metabolism, thus mTORC1/mTORC2 are targets for precision nutrition. Methods We used glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting, pancreatic beta-cell lines. mTORC1/mTORC2 were inhibited by RapaLink-1, a third-generation inhibitor enc

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Dao, Yen, Hai Tran, Thien Tran-Lam, Trung Pham, and Giang Le. "Degradation of Paracetamol by an UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process: Influencing Factors, Factorial Design, and Intermediates Identification." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (2018): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122637.

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The combination of a low-pressure mercury lamp and chlorine (UV/chlorine) was applied as an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP), to examine paracetamol (PRC) degradation under different operational conditions. The results indicated that the UV/chlorine process exhibited a much faster PRC removal than the UV/H2O2 process or chlorination alone because of the great contribution of highly reactive species (•OH, •Cl, and ClO•). The PRC degradation rate constant (kobs) was accurately determined by pseudo-first-order kinetics. The kobs values were strongly affected by the operational conditions

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29

Riegraf, Matthias, Katherine Develos Bagarinao, Indro Biswas, and Rémi Costa. "Sulfur Impurities in CO_x Feed Gases of Solid Oxide Cells: Effect on Degradation and Removal Strategies." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154248mtgabs.

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High-temperature solid oxide cells (SOC) offer unrivaled Faradaic and energetic efficiencies for carbon dioxide electrolysis. However, it is yet unclear which contaminant level in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide feed gases are tolerable to achieve low degradation rates in commercial applications. In the present work, electrolyte-supported cells (ESC) with Ni/Gadolinia-doped ceria (Ni/CGO) fuel electrodes were exposed to CO/CO2 gas mixtures at open circuit voltage and in electrolysis operation. The resistance evolution over time was monitored by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscop

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Jin, Bo, Yanan Wang, Tingting Zhang, et al. "Degradation Characteristics of a Novel PAF Receptor Antagonist, SY0916, in Aqueous Solution." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (January 14, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8789470.

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SY0916 has been proven to be a potent treatment agent against rheumatoid arthritis in preclinical studies and has been shown to be safe in phase I clinical trials. However, SY0916 is unstable in water, which is frequently used in pharmaceutical development processes. The degradation behaviour and stability of SY0916 in aqueous solutions were investigated at different pH levels, periods of time, and temperatures. Two degradation products (DPs) were successfully separated and characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), liquid chromatog

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Bairamis, Feidias, and Ioannis Konstantinou. "Photocatalytic Degradation Pathways of the Valsartan Drug by TiO2 and g-C3N4 Catalysts." Reactions 3, no. 1 (2022): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010012.

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The photocatalytic degradation of the valsartan (VLS) pharmaceutical using TiO2 and g-C3N4 catalysts under simulated solar light is studied in this paper by high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. •OH radicals were the major oxidant species for the degradation of valsartan using TiO2, while positive holes (h+), followed by a much lesser amount of •OH radicals, were the major species in the case of g-C3N4. Valsartan degradation followed first order kinetics by both catalysts with TiO2 being the catalyst with the better photocatalytic efficiency. The transformation products (TPs) and their e

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Elbourne, Madysen, John Keledjian, Adam Cawley, and Shanlin Fu. "Administration Route Differentiation of Altrenogest via the Metabolomic LC-HRMS Analysis of Equine Urine." Molecules 29, no. 21 (2024): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29214988.

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Altrenogest, also known as allyltrenbolone, is a synthetic form of progesterone used therapeutically to suppress unwanted symptoms of estrus in female horses. Altrenogest affects the system by decreasing levels of endogenous gonadotrophin and luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, which in turn decreases estrogen and mimics the increase of progesterone production. This results in more manageable mares for training and competition alongside male horses while improving the workplace safety of riders and handlers. However, when altrenogest is administered, prohibited steroid impurities su

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Reinholds, I., O. Muter, I. Pugajeva, J. Rusko, I. Perkons, and V. Bartkevics. "Determination of pharmaceutical residues and assessment of their removal efficiency at the Daugavgriva municipal wastewater treatment plant in Riga, Latvia." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 2 (2016): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.528.

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Pharmaceutical products (PPs) belong to emerging contaminants that may accumulate along with other chemical pollutants in wastewaters (WWs) entering industrial and/or urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the present study, the technique of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap-HRMS) was applied for the analysis of 24 multi-class PPs in WW samples collected at different technological stages of Daugavgriva WWTP located in Riga, Latvia. Caffeine and acetaminophen levels in the range of 7,570–11,403 ng/L and 810–1,883

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Xu, Jianye, Siqi Zhou, Erdeng Du, et al. "Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity of Amlodipine Degradation by the UV/Chlorine Process." Water 12, no. 11 (2020): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113150.

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The UV/chlorine process, as a new type of AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process), was utilized to treat amlodipine (AML)-containing water. The influencing factors, including chlorine dose, UV intensity, solution initial pH value, and ammonia concentration, were investigated. The degradation of AML in real water and the relative contributions of OH• and Cl• were also studied. Finally, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and GC-MS were used to identify the possible degradation products. The results demonstrated that the AML degradation process was fitted with apparent first-order kinetics. AML de

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Žigart, Nina, Martin Črnugelj, Janez Ilaš, and Zdenko Časar. "On the Stability and Degradation Pathways of Venetoclax under Stress Conditions." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 7 (2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070639.

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Venetoclax is an orally bioavailable, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) selective inhibitor, used for the treatment of various types of blood cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). In this study we investigated the degradation of venetoclax under various stress conditions including acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic and thermolytic conditions. We isolated and identified six of its main degradation products produced in forced degradation studies. The structures of the isolated degradation products were determined by using nuclear magnetic resonance (

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Ozgul, Mustafa, Anthony B. Nesburn, Nader Nasralla, et al. "Stability Determination of Intact Humanin-G with Characterizations of Oxidation and Dimerization Patterns." Biomolecules 13, no. 3 (2023): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030515.

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Humanin is the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptide. Humanin-G (HNG) is a variant of Humanin that has significantly higher cytoprotective properties. Here, we describe the stability features of HNG in different conditions and characterize HNG degradation, oxidation, and dimerization patterns over short-term and long-term periods. HNG solutions were prepared in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water or MO formulation and stored at either 4 °C or 37 °C. Stored HNG samples were analyzed using HPLC and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Using HPLC, full-length HNG pep

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Sanju Nanda and Mohini Bajaj. "Solution state stress degradation studies of antifilarial drug albendazole." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2019): 3738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1763.

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This study was conducted to explore the stress degradation studies of antifilarial drug albendazole (ALB) in the solution state. The stress conditions targeted were hydrolytic (acidic, neutral, and basic) as well as oxidative. The drug was degraded under different concentrations of stressor and time of exposure. All the degraded samples were then subjected to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) as a detector. The final concentration of stressor, as well as the duration of exposure for each condition, were optimized from the results. The metho

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Jonatova, P., Z. Dzuman, N. Prusova, J. Hajslova, and M. Stranska-Zachariasova. "Occurrence of ochratoxin A and its stereoisomeric degradation product in various types of coffee available in the Czech market." World Mycotoxin Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2019.2507.

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) belongs among the most frequently occurring mycotoxins in coffee. In order to investigate its contamination levels in products currently available in the market, a broad set of coffee samples (103 in total) collected between 2016 and 2018 in the Czech Republic was investigated. Aqueous-methanolic extracts purified by using immunoaffinity columns were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-MS/MS). The undertaken study revealed a relatively low OTA contamination of roasted coffee (in the range 0.2-2.5 μg/kg with the me

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Knoche, Lisa, Jan Lisec, Tanja Schwerdtle, and Matthias Koch. "LC-HRMS-Based Identification of Transformation Products of the Drug Salinomycin Generated by Electrochemistry and Liver Microsome." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020155.

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The drug salinomycin (SAL) is a polyether antibiotic and used in veterinary medicine as coccidiostat and growth promoter. Recently, SAL was suggested as a potential anticancer drug. However, transformation products (TPs) resulting from metabolic and environmental degradation of SAL are incompletely known and structural information is missing. In this study, we therefore systematically investigated the formation and identification of SAL derived TPs using electrochemistry (EC) in an electrochemical reactor and rat and human liver microsome incubation (RLM and HLM) as TP generating methods. Liqu

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Le Daré, Brendan, Sophie Allard, Aurélien Couette, Pierre-Marie Allard, Isabelle Morel, and Thomas Gicquel. "Comparison of Illicit Drug Seizures Products of Natural Origin Using a Molecular Networking Approach." International Journal of Toxicology 41, no. 2 (2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10915818211065161.

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Drug powder composition analysis is of particular interest in forensic investigations to identify illicit substance content, cutting agents and impurities. Powder profiling is difficult to implement due to multiple analytical methods requirement and remains a challenge for forensic toxicology laboratories. Furthermore, visualization tools allowing seizure products identification appear to be under-used to date. The aim of this study is to present the utility of molecular networking for the composition establishment of natural origin drugs. A powder suspected to contain heroin and three powders

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Mróz, Marika, Karol Parchem, Joanna Jóźwik, M. Rosário Domingues, and Barbara Kusznierewicz. "The Impact of Different Drying Methods on the Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiles of Arthrospira platensis." Molecules 29, no. 8 (2024): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29081747.

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Drying is an inseparable part of industrial microalgae production. In this work, the impacts of eight different drying methods on the metabolome and lipidome of Arthrospira platensis were investigated. The studied drying methods were freeze drying (FD), sun drying (SD), air drying at 40 and 75 °C (AD′ and AD″), infrared drying at 40 and 75 °C (IRD′ and IRD″), and vacuum drying at 40 and 75 °C (VD′ and VD″). Results gathered by reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (RP-LC-ESI-Orbitrap HRMS/MS) analysis

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Le, Giang Truong, Nguyen Thuy Ta, Trung Quoc Pham, and Yen Hai Dao. "Response Surface Analysis of Fenobucarb Removal by Electrochemically Generated Chlorine." Water 11, no. 5 (2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050899.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrochemical formation of active chlorine and its subsequent use for the degradation of the pesticide fenobucarb. Initially, the process of electrochemical active chlorine production was investigated using an electrochemical flow-cell with a Ti/RuO2 plate electrode. The contribution of four main factors (chloride concentration, current density, the retention time of chloride in the cell (flow rate), and initial pH of inlet solution) to form active chlorine was determined by a central composite design (CCD). The influence of the four variab

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Szlag, David C., Brian Spies, Regina G. Szlag, and Judy A. Westrick. "Permanganate Oxidation of Microcystin-LA: Kinetics, Quantification, and Implications for Effective Drinking Water Treatment." Journal of Toxicology 2019 (May 28, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3231473.

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Permanganate pretreatment of drinking water is effective in transforming dissolved, noxious contaminants and in reducing halogenated by-products. Permanganate targets specific compounds such as taste and odor compounds, disinfection precursors, manganese, and natural organic contaminants that are not removed readily by conventional treatment alone. Cyanobacterial blooms (cHABs) can increase disinfection by-product precursors as well as the cyanotoxin, microcystin (MC), a potent liver toxin. MC toxicity is conferred by a unique, conserved amino acid, Adda, that inhibits protein phosphatase 1 an

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Deng, Xinqi, Nan Jiang, Li Guo, et al. "Protective Effects and Metabolic Regulatory Mechanisms of Shenyan Fangshuai Recipe on Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5603243.

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Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major causes of renal damage. Shenyan Fangshuai Recipe (SFR), a modified prescription of traditional medicine in China, showed potent effects in alleviating edema, proteinuria, and hematuria of CKD in clinical practices. In this study, we aimed to investigate scientific evidence-based efficacy as well as metabolic regulations of SFR in CKD treatment. Materials and Methods. The effect of SFR on CKD was observed in a rat model which is established with oral administration of adenine-ethambutol mixture for 21 days. Further, metabolites in ser

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Pereira-Caro, Gema, José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz, Elsy de Santiago, et al. "Antioxidant Activity and Bio-Accessibility of Polyphenols in Black Carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) and Two Derived Products during Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Colonic Fermentation." Foods 10, no. 2 (2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020457.

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Black carrot has been attracting increasing thanks to its high bioactive compound content. This study presents the polyphenol bio-accessibility of black carrot and two derived products (black carrot snack (BC snack) and black carrot seasoning (BC seasoning)) after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Additionally, antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Nine flavonoids and eight anthocyanins were determ

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Jaber, Saly, Muriel Joly, Maxence Brissy, et al. "Biotic and abiotic transformation of amino acids in cloud water: experimental studies and atmospheric implications." Biogeosciences 18, no. 3 (2021): 1067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1067-2021.

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Abstract. The interest in organic nitrogen and particularly in quantifying and studying the fate of amino acids (AAs) has been growing in the atmospheric-science community. However very little is known about biotic and abiotic transformation mechanisms of amino acids in clouds. In this work, we measured the biotransformation rates of 18 amino acids with four bacterial strains (Pseudomonas graminis PDD-13b-3, Rhodococcus enclensis PDD-23b-28, Sphingomonas sp. PDD-32b-11, and Pseudomonas syringae PDD-32b-74) isolated from cloud water and representative of this environment. At the same time, we a

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Radrezza, Silvia, Gilda Aiello, Giovanna Baron, Giancarlo Aldini, Marina Carini, and Alfonsina D’Amato. "Integratomics of Human Dermal Fibroblasts Treated with Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid." Molecules 26, no. 16 (2021): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165096.

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan very common in commercial products from pharmaceuticals to cosmetics due to its widespread distribution in humans and its diversified physico-chemical proprieties. Despite its extended use and preliminary evidence showing even also opposite activities to the native form, the precise cellular effects of HA at low-molecular-weight (LWM-HA) are currently unclear. The ‘omics sciences currently in development offer a new and combined perspective on the cellular and organismal environment. This work aims to integrate lipidomics analyses to our previous qua

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Aguilar-Alarcón, Patricia, Susana V. Gonzalez, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, and Øyvind Mikkelsen. "Deciphering the Composition of Fulvic Acids from Recirculating Aquaculture Systems by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Water 14, no. 16 (2022): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162549.

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The constant reuse of waters in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) together with the continuous addition of organic matter from fish degradation components, faeces and non-consumed feed promote the accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM), particularly of fulvic acids (FA), leading to the yellow discoloration of their waters. The accumulation of these acids in RAS can have potential effects on its water quality, and consequently fish health and welfare. Thus, the characterization of FA is paramount for improving water quality, and subsequently fish productivity in RAS. In this study

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Chaganti, Sowmya, Vivek Dhiman, Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla, Roshitha K R, Rahul Khemchandani, and Gananadhamu Samanthula. "Forced degradation study of baricitinib and structural characterization of its degradation impurities by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 37, no. 18 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9605.

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RationaleBaricitinib (BARI), an inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK 1/2), is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and COVID‐19. The present study focuses on establishing the forced degradation behavior of BARI under different degradation conditions (hydrolysis, oxidation, and photolysis) following International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines of Q1A (R2)—Stability testing of new drug substances and products and Q1B—Photostability testing of new drug substances and products. This study helps in monitoring the quality and safety of BARI and its product development.Method

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Xia, Jiaxuan, Yibao Jin, Yanjun Hong, et al. "Application of Advanced High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Losartan Potassium Drug Substance Degradation Products: From Nontargeted to Targeted Screening." Journal of Separation Science 47, no. 23 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.70027.

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ABSTRACTAdvances in techniques for quality analysis allow for a more detailed examination of drug impurities. High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) contributes to detecting both known and unknown impurities. In this study, a combination of a nontargeted and targeted screening approach was established and applied to the detailed degradation profile of the losartan potassium (LP) drug substance. Through general unknown comparative screening (GUCS), 35 degradation products (DPs) were detected; of these, 10 DPs were confirmed with reference substances. DP‐1, DP‐2, DP‐3, and DP‐6 were the first

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