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Journal articles on the topic 'High Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (HRUS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Tian, Zhen, Nai Ci Bing, and Hong Yong Xie. "High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for Crystallization Process." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.146.

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High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (HRUS) is a novel analytical technique for non-destructive material analysis for a wide range of samples and processes. This technique is based on precision measurements of velocity and attenuation of acoustical waves at high frequencies propagating through materials. It has considerable advantages over many alternative technologies because it can be applied to systems that are optically opaque and concentrated without the need of any sample preparation. It provides an unprecedented range of new analytical capabilities for research, product development, quality and process control. Applications of this technique include analysis of solution-phase crystallization, aggregation and gelation phenomena, particle sizing, stability of emulsions and suspensions, microstructural transitions and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we review the theory of the HRUS and its applications on crystallization process.

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2

Buckin, Vitaly. "High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-207-2018.

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Abstract. High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HR-US) is an analytical technique for direct and non-destructive monitoring of molecular and micro-structural transformations in liquids and semi-solid materials. It is based on precision measurements of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in analysed samples. The application areas of HR-US in research, product development, and quality and process control include analysis of conformational transitions of polymers, ligand binding, molecular self-assembly and aggregation, crystallisation, gelation, characterisation of phase transitions and phase diagrams, and monitoring of chemical and biochemical reactions. The technique does not require optical markers or optical transparency. The HR-US measurements can be performed in small sample volumes (down to droplet size), over broad temperature range, at ambient and elevated pressures, and in various measuring regimes such as automatic temperature ramps, titrations and measurements in flow.

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3

Buckin, Vitaly, and Evegny Kudryashov. "Super sonic: High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." Biochemist 24, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02404025.

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High-resolution ultrasonic spectrometry is a novel analytical technique with enormous potential for the investigation of a wide range of samples and dynamic processes. The non-destructive technique is based on measuring the changes that take place to ultrasonic waves as they pass through materials.

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4

Ajeena, Ihsan M., Raed H. Al-Saad, Ahmed Al-Mudhafar, Najah R. Hadi, and Sawsan H. Al-Aridhy. "Ultrasonic Assessment of Females with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Proved by Nerve Conduction Study." Neural Plasticity 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/754564.

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Introduction. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most commonly diagnosed entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity. The objective of this study was to diagnose CTS and to assess its severity using high resolution ultrasound (HRUS) depending on the results of nerve conduction study (NCS).Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study, in which HRUS was performed at 63 wrists of 35 female patients with different severity of CTS (as proved by NCS). Furthermore, 40 healthy volunteers (80 wrists) underwent the same tests as the patients and have been chosen to match the patients in gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). The cross section area (CSA) of the median nerve (MN) was obtained using HRUS at the carpal tunnel inlet by direct tracing method.Results.There was a significant difference in the CSA of the MN at the tunnel inlet in CTS patients when compared with the control group. In fact, the CSA of the control group showed a significant difference from each of patients subgroups. Furthermore, a significant difference in the CSA was seen in between these subgroups. In conclusion, the US examination of the MN seems to be a promising method in diagnosing and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome.

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5

Kučerík, J., H. Čechlovská, P. Bursáková, and M. Pekař. "Lignite humic acids aggregates studied by high resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 96, no. 2 (November 11, 2008): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-008-9391-6.

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6

SMYTH, C. "High-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for analysis of industrial emulsions and suspensions." Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 9, no. 2 (April 2004): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2004.01.008.

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7

Resa, P., E. Kudryashov, and V. Buckin. "Direct real time monitoring of cellulose saccharification using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S264—S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.591.

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8

Kargerová, Andrea, and Miloslav Pekař. "High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy Study of Interactions between Hyaluronan and Cationic Surfactants." Langmuir 30, no. 40 (October 3, 2014): 11866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la501852a.

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9

Cespi, Marco, Giulia Bonacucina, Giovanna Mencarelli, Stefania Pucciarelli, Gianfabio Giorgioni, and Giovanni F. Palmieri. "Monitoring the aggregation behaviour of self-assembling polymers through high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 388, no. 1-2 (March 2010): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.053.

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10

Buckin, V., P. Resa, and E. Kudryashov. "Ultrasonic enzyme assays. Real time monitoring of enzyme reactions in solutions and complex media using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.439.

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11

Hoe, Susan, Paul M. Young, Philippe Rogueda, and Daniela Traini. "Determination of Reference Ultrasound Parameters for Model and Hydrofluoroalkane Propellants Using High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." AAPS PharmSciTech 9, no. 2 (May 6, 2008): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9087-z.

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12

Dizon, Mark, Marek Tatarko, Katalin Szabo, and Tibor Hianik. "Application of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for detection of the plasmin activity toward β-casein." Food Chemistry 353 (August 2021): 129373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129373.

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13

Kučerík, Jiří, Daniela Šmejkalová, Hana Čechlovská, and Miloslav Pekař. "New insights into aggregation and conformational behaviour of humic substances: Application of high resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." Organic Geochemistry 38, no. 12 (December 2007): 2098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.08.001.

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14

Kaatze, U., B. Wehrmann, and R. Pottel. "Acoustical absorption spectroscopy of liquids between 0.15 and 3000 MHz. I. High resolution ultrasonic resonator method." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 20, no. 8 (August 1987): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/20/8/014.

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15

Lehmann, L., and V. Buckin. "Determination of the Heat Stability Profiles of Concentrated Milk and Milk Ingredients Using High Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 9 (September 2005): 3121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72994-5.

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16

Hickey, Sinead, M. Jayne Lawrence, Sue A. Hagan, and Vitaly Buckin. "Analysis of the Phase Diagram and Microstructural Transitions in Phospholipid Microemulsion Systems Using High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." Langmuir 22, no. 13 (June 2006): 5575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la052735t.

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17

Melikishvili, Sopio, Mark Dizon, and Tibor Hianik. "Application of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of trypsin activity in β-casein solution." Food Chemistry 337 (February 2021): 127759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127759.

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18

Dwyer, Catherine, Liam Donnelly, and Vitaly Buckin. "Ultrasonic analysis of rennet-induced pre-gelation and gelation processes in milk." Journal of Dairy Research 72, no. 3 (May 23, 2005): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029905001020.

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Dynamics of micro-structural changes in milk during the renneting process were analysed using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy in combination with dynamic rheology and NIR transmission measurements. Two independent ultrasonic parameters, velocity and attenuation were measured in the frequency range 2 to 15 MHz, as a function of time after addition of rennet to milk. The results show an initial decrease of 20 nm for the average diameter of micelles caused by hydrolysis of the κ-casein ‘hairy’ layer followed by an aggregation of the micelles into small clusters (effective aggregation number of 3) and then formation of the gel structure. It was found that evolution of ultrasonic attenuation in the renneting process could well be described by the scattering of the ultrasonic waves on aggregates. The evolution of ultrasonic velocity is well described by the scattering theory but deviates from the predicted curve at the gelation stage of the process, which shows the difference in propagation of ultrasonic waves in a gel structure compared with dispersions. Overall, we found high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy to be a powerful tool for analysis of microscopic processes in the formation of milk gel. It allows the characterisation of the pre-gelation processes, such as hydrolysis and aggregation, and the initial stages in the formation of the gel network as well as monitoring of the microscopic evolution in the gel at the post-gelation stage.

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19

Ochenduszko, Agnieszka, and Vitaly Buckin. "Real-Time Monitoring of Heat-Induced Aggregation of β-Lactoglobulin in Aqueous Solutions Using High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." International Journal of Thermophysics 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-010-0705-0.

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20

Liu, Jinru, Marcela Alexander, Edita Verespej, and Milena Corredig. "Real-Time Determination of Structural Changes of Sodium Caseinate-Stabilized Emulsions Containing Pectin Using High Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." Food Biophysics 2, no. 2-3 (July 17, 2007): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11483-007-9032-9.

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21

Xue, Shou-Feng, Wen-Yuan Wu, Xue Bian, Zhen-Feng Wang, and Yong-Fu Wu. "Facile preparation of CeO2 microspheres with high surface area by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0041.

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Abstract CeCl3 solution was used as a precursor to prepare CeO2 microspheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). This is a green process that allows the transformation from CeCl3 to CeO2 without consuming any precipitant. The prepared material was investigated through various analysis technologies, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared sample was confirmed as high purity CeO2 microspheres, and two different microstructures were observed. The microsphere surface area was 86.5 m2/g according to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The microsphere diameter ranged from 0.09 μm to 3.86 μm and the microsphere surface was covered by numerous nanoparticles. The observed nanoparticles ranged in size from 19 nm to 200 nm as determined from FESEM and HRTEM images. The concentrations of Ce4+, Ce3+, residual chloride and oxygen vacancy in CeO2 were studied by relative sensitivity factors based on the XPS results. Finally, the data suggested the possible formation mechanism of the CeO2 microsphere structure.

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22

Buckin, V. "Application of High-Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for analysis of complex formulations. Compressibility of solutes and solute particles in liquid mixtures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 42 (December 10, 2012): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/42/1/012001.

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23

Zhang, Jianhui, Naoki Kishi, Tetsuo Soga, Takashi Jimbo, and Takayoshi Tanji. "Synthesis of Core-Shell Si/Carbon Nanofibers on Silicon Substrates by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/259806.

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We synthesized the core-shell Si/carbon nanofibers with diameters of 200–300 nm using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis with a phosphorus/ethanol mixture. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) investigations confirmed the core-shell structure, which consisted of a core of Si and a shell of amorphous carbon. The phosphorus atoms corroded the entire silicon substrate surface, and the Si-P liquid-catalyzed the solid-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed to explain the growth of the core-shell Si/carbon nanofibers.

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24

Van Durme, Kurt, Laureen Delellio, Evgeny Kudryashov, Vitaly Buckin, and Bruno Van Mele. "Exploration of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy as an analytical tool to study demixing and remixing in poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/water solutions." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 43, no. 11 (2005): 1283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.20423.

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25

Ochenduszko, Agnieszka, and Vitaly Buckin. "Real-Time Monitoring of Heat Induced Unfolding and Aggregation of β-lactoglobulin in the Presence of Chaperones Using High Resolution Ultrasonic Spectroscopy." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 88a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.360.

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26

Lynch, Rian, Adrian Burke, John Byrne, and Vitaly Buckin. "Osmolality and molar mass of oligosaccharides in breast milks and infant formula during hydrolysis of lactose. Application of high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." Food Chemistry 322 (August 2020): 126645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126645.

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27

Liubimova, Iu, K. Sapozhnikov, V. Nikolaev, M. Li Corró, and S. Kustov. "Ultrasonic Study of Thermal hysteresis in Helical antiferromagnetic Dy." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 57, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0069.

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Abstract High-resolution ultrasonic mechanical spectroscopy technique has been used to study the nature and dynamics of lattice defects and magnetic domain walls in the helical-type antiferromagnetic phase during thermal cycling of polycrystalline Dy samples between 80 and 210K. Effects of the lowest temperature of thermal cycles, applied magnetic field and cooling/ heating rate on the ultrasonic absorption and Young´s modulus have been investigated. A strong influence of cooling/heating rate on the ultrasonic absorption is found over the temperature range between the Néel temperature, ca. 178K, and approximately 145K, confirming the existence of a new category of magnetomechanical damping - transitory ultrasonic absorption related to translational motion of domain walls. A strong increase of the ultrasonic absorption below approximately 140K is attributed to the formation of nuclei of ferromagnetic phase, presumably stabilized by such lattice defects as dislocations. The effect of applied magnetic field on ultrasonic absorption also emerges below 140K and is ascribed to the appearance of the net magnetization due to ferromagnetic nuclei. We argue that these nuclei are responsible for the controversial thermal hysteresis of elastic and anelastic properties, which is strongly promoted by decreasing the temperature of thermal cycles.

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28

Hickey, Sinead, Sue A. Hagan, Evgeny Kudryashov, and Vitaly Buckin. "Analysis of phase diagram and microstructural transitions in an ethyl oleate/water/Tween 80/Span 20 microemulsion system using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 388, no. 1-2 (March 2010): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.12.003.

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29

Stillhart, Cordula, and Martin Kuentz. "Comparison of high-resolution ultrasonic resonator technology and Raman spectroscopy as novel process analytical tools for drug quantification in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 59 (February 2012): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.10.018.

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30

Xian, Guang, Nan Zhang, Guangming Zhang, Yi Zhang, and Zhiguo Zou. "FeNiCeOx ternary catalyst prepared by ultrasonic impregnation method for diclofenac removal in Fenton-like system." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 1675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.166.

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Abstract FeNiCeOx was firstly prepared by ultrasonic impregnation method and used to remove diclofenac in a Fenton-like system. The catalytic activity was improved successfully by doping Ni into FeCeOx. The diclofenac removal efficiency reached 97.9% after 30 min reaction. The surface morphology and properties of FeNiCeOx were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. FeNiCeOx in this paper had larger specific surface area than those prepared by other methods, which was attributed to the cavitation effect and hot-spot effect during the ultrasonic synthesis process. Low crystallinity of Fe2O3 and NiO showed by characterization could lead to high interaction of Fe and Ni ions with support of CeO2. They substituted Ce in CeO2, caused lattice contraction and formed more oxygen vacancies, which favoured the catalytic reaction. Meanwhile, Fe and Ce ions both had redox cycles of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ce4+/Ce3+, which facilitated the electron transfer in the reaction. The synergistic effect among Fe, Ni and Ce might lead to better catalytic performance of FeNiCeOx than any binary metal oxides constituted from the above three elements. Finally, the potential mechanism of diclofenac removal in FeNiCeOx-H2O2 system is proposed.

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31

Patel, Jyoti, Ajaya K. Singh, Bhawana Jain, Sushma Yadav, Sónia A. C. Carabineiro, and Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan. "Solochrome Dark Blue Azo Dye Removal by Sonophotocatalysis Using Mn2+ Doped ZnS Quantum Dots." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091025.

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This work investigates the degradation of the azo dye solochrome dark blue (SDB) by measurement of the photocatalytic, sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic activities, under low ultrasonic frequency (40 kHz) and UV-C (254 nm) light, using Mn-doped ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (Mn2+:ZnS Qds) as catalysts, prepared by a simple chemical precipitation procedure. In order to study the different morphological and optical crystal properties, various characterization techniques were used, such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption at −196 °C and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The average particle size of the semiconductor Qds was in the range of 3–4 nm. The optimal parameters affecting dye degradation, such as the catalyst loading, solution pH, time of irradiation, initial concentration of dye, dopant concentration, ultrasonic power and frequency effect were evaluated. The synthesized catalytic material exhibited a high activity for sonophotocatalytic degradation of SDB (89%), larger than that observed for sonocatalysis (69.7%) or photocatalysis (55.2%) alone, which was due to the improved electron-holes separation, formation of more reactive radicals and enhancement of the active surface area. Qds showed good stability and reusability after five repeated cycles. Finally, the degradation products were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

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32

Yin, Wei. "Preparation of Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Meso/Mesoporous Ho³⁺ Doped TiO₂ Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.779.

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Three-dimensionally interconnected meso/mesoporous holmium doped titania nanoparticles had been successfully prepared by a sol-gel routine. The precursors were prepared by cohydrolysis reactions of Ti(OC2H5)4/Ho(OC2H5)6coprecipitating around micells of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide processed by ultrasonic. The hierarchical meso/mesoporous material was proved by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and N2adsorption-desorption analysis. The results of selecting area electron diffraction pattern, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry in wide-angle range showed a crystal phase of anatase for the prepared material. The XPS spectroscopy analysis showed that Ti element exists in the Ti4+form and the bonds of Ti-O-Ho/H and Ti-O-Ti exist in the surface of Ho3+doped TiO2. Phenol photodegradation in an aqueous medium was employed as a probe reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic reactivity of the catalyst. The catalyst which possessed a hierarchical meso/mesoporous structure being conducive mass-transferring and light-harvesting showed that a photocatalytic activity for phenol is about 3.3 times than that of commercial P25 titania under a very weak UV-Vis irradiation condition.

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33

Zhang, Yu, Yalong Liao, Gongchu Shi, Wei Wang, and Bowen Su. "Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of Pd–Ni/AC bimetallic nano-catalysts." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0071.

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AbstractPalladium–nickel (Pd–Ni) bimetallic nano-catalysts supported on activated carbon (Pd–Ni/AC) have been successfully prepared by impregnation method enhanced with ultrasonic. The prepared Pd–Ni/AC catalysts were used for the catalytic hydrodechlorination reaction of bleached shellac and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that Pd–Ni bimetallic structures in catalytic particles with the diameter of 4 and 14 nm were distributed uniformly on AC support, and the lattice fringe spacing in catalytic particles was measured as 0.213 nm which is lying in the region between monometallic Pd (111; 0.225 nm) and Ni (111; 0.203 nm), and that Pd1–Ni1/AC catalyst exhibits the best catalytic hydrodechlorination performance with the dechlorination efficiency of 92.58 wt% while it is used for the hydrodechlorination of bleached shellac, and the optimum catalytic performance is related to the synergistic electronic effect and bimetallic structure of the Pd1–Ni1/AC sample.

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34

Flores-Carrasco, G., J. Carrillo-López, J. A. Luna-López, R. Martínez-Martínez, N. D. Espinosa-Torres, and M. E. Rabanal. "Structural and Morphological Properties of Nanostructured ZnO Particles Grown by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method with Horizontal Furnace." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/780206.

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ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in a horizontal furnace at 500°C using different zinc nitrate hexahydrate concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 M) as reactive solution by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The physical-chemical properties of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). With the TGA is has optimized the temperature at which the initial reactive (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O), is decomposed completely to give way to its corresponding oxide, ZnO. SEM revealed secondary particles with a quasispherical shape that do not change significantly with the increasing of precursor solution concentration as well as some content of the broken spheres. Increasing the precursor solution concentration leads to the increase in the average size of ZnO secondary particles from248±73to470±160 nm; XRD reveals the similar tendency for the crystallite size which changes from23±4to45±4 nm. HRTEM implies that the secondary particles are with hierarchical structure composed of primary nanosized subunits. These results showed that the precursor concentration plays an important role in the evolution on the size, stoichiometry, and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles.

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35

Dizon, Mark, Marek Tatarko, and Tibor Hianik. "Advances in Analysis of Milk Proteases Activity at Surfaces and in a Volume by Acoustic Methods." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 5594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195594.

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This review is focused on the application of surface and volume-sensitive acoustic methods for the detection of milk proteases such as trypsin and plasmin. While trypsin is an important protein of human milk, plasmin is a protease that plays an important role in the quality of bovine, sheep and goat milks. The increased activity of plasmin can cause an extensive cleavage of β-casein and, thus, affect the milk gelation and taste. The basic principles of surface-sensitive acoustic methods, as well as high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HR-US), are presented. The current state-of-the-art examples of the application of acoustic sensors for protease detection in real time are discussed. The application of the HR-US method for studying the kinetics of the enzyme reaction is demonstrated. The sensitivity of the acoustics biosensors and HR-US methods for protease detection are compared.

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36

Si, Wei, Chao Ding, and Siqi Ding. "Synthesis and Characterization of YAG Nanoparticles by Ultrasound-Assisted and Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Alkoxide Hydrolysis Precipitation Methods." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/408910.

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Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted and ultrasound-microwave-assisted alkoxide hydrolysis precipitation methods. The effect of reaction parameters including pH value, ultrasonic radiation time, and calcination temperature on the composition of the products was investigated. The YAG nanoparticles and their precursor were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that the single ultrasound-assisted method to synthesize YAG phase often contains intermediate phases of YAM (Y4Al2O9) and YAP (YAlO3); pure YAG phase can form only at special conditions and as single crystal. The pure phase YAG powders can be obtained at each experimental condition when using ultrasound-microwave-assisted synthesis and the grain is polycrystalline. This is due to the microwave radiation which promotes atomic diffusion and forms a lot of crystal nuclei of YAG in the precursor. The YAG nanoparticles with a grain size of 18 nm can be obtained at a calcination temperature of 900°C when using ultrasound-microwave-assisted method.

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37

Ding, Yi, Zhansheng Guo, Xinan Dong, Hong You, Junxue Mei, Xuguang Hou, Zhenlin Liang, and Zhipeng Li. "Preparation and Characterization of MWCNTs/PVDF Conductive Membrane with Cross-Linked Polymer PVA and Study on Its Anti-Fouling Performance." Membranes 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090703.

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Based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), a MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was prepared by a vacuum filtration cross-linking method. The surface compositions and morphology of conductive membranes were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effects of cross-linked polymeric polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the conductive membrane properties such as the porosity, pore size distribution, pure water flux, conductivity, hydrophilicity, stability and antifouling properties were investigated. Results showed that the addition of PVA to the MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane decreased the pure water flux, porosity and the conductivity. However, the hydrophilicity of the modified MWCNTs/PVDF conductive membrane was greatly improved, and the contact angle of pure water was reduced from 70.18° to 25.48° with the addition of PVA contents from 0 wt% to 0.05 wt%. Meanwhile, the conductive membranes with higher content had a relatively higher stability. It was found that the conductive functional layer of the conductive membrane had an average mass loss rate of 1.22% in the 30 min ultrasonic oscillation experiment. The tensile intensity and break elongation ratio of the conductive membrane are improved by the addition of PVA, and the durability of the conductive membrane with PVA was superior to that without PVA added. The electric assisted anti-fouling experiments of modified conductive membrane indicated that compared with the condition without electric field, the average flux attenuation of the conductive membrane was reduced by 11.2%, and the membrane flux recovery rate reached 97.05%. Moreover, the addition of PVA could accelerate the clean of the conductive membranes.

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38

Ramm, Peter, Armin Klumpp, Alan Mathewson, Kafil M. Razeeb, and Reinhard Pufall. "The European 3D Heterogeneous Integration Platform (e-BRAINS) - a Particular Focus on Reliability and Low-Temperature Processes for 3D Integrated Sensor Systems." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 001847–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tha11.

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The European 3D heterogeneous integration platform has been established by the consortium of the Integrated Project e-BRAINS [1], where technologies of the following relevant main categories of 3D integration are provided to enable future applications of smart sensor systems:3D System-on-Chip Integration - 3D-SOC: TSV technology for stacking of thinned devices or large IC blocks (global level),3D Wafer-Level-Packaging - 3D-WLP: embedding technology with through-polymer vias (TPV) for stacking of thinned ICs on wafer-level (no TSV), and3D System-in-Package - 3D-SIP: 3D stacking of packaged devices or substrates *definitions according to [2] Regarding TSV performance, the applications do not need ultra-high vertical interconnect densities as for 3D stacked Integrated Circuits – 3D-SIC*. Nevertheless, the lateral sizes of the TSVs are preferably minimized to allow for place and route for small “open” IC areas. Smaller TSVs are also preferred in order to reduce thermo-mechanical stress. e-BRAINS' focus is on how heterogeneous integration and sensor device technologies can be combined to bring new performance levels to targeted applications with high market potentials. The consortium, under coordination of Infineon and technical management by Fraunhofer EMFT, is composed of major European system manufacturers (Infineon, Siemens, SensoNor, 3D PLUS, Vermon and IQE), SMEs (DMCE, Magna Diagnostics, SORIN and eesy-ID), the large research institutions CEA Grenoble, Fraunhofer (EMFT Munich & IIS-EAS Dresden), imec, SINTEF, Tyndall and ITE Warsaw, and universities (EPFL Lausanne, TU Chemnitz and TU Graz). Target applications include automotive, ambient living and medical devices, with a specific focus on wireless sensor systems. Concerning the enabling 3D Heterogeneous Integration Platform, the e-BRAINS partners are working close together, where Infineon, Fraunhofer EMFT, imec and SINTEF are focusing mainly on 3D-SOC and 3D-WLP, and the French system manufacturer 3D PLUS and Tyndall on 3D-WLP and 3D-SIP technologies. The focus of this paper is on low-temperature bonding processes for highly reliable 3D integrated sensor systems. One of the key issues for heterogeneous systems production is the impact of 3D processes to the reliability of the product, i.e. the high built-in stresses caused by e.g. the CTE mismatch of complex layer structures (thin Si, ILDs, metals etc.) in combination with elevated bonding temperatures. As consequence, extensive project work was dedicated in the developments of reliable low-temperature bonding processes. Mainly intermetallic compound (IMC) bonding with Cu/Sn metal systems supported by ultrasonic agitation (Fraunhofer EMFT) was successfully introduced in 3D integration technology (see Fig. 2). A copper/tin solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID) system was investigated using ultrasonic agitation to reduce the assembly temperature below the melting point of tin. Cleaning procedures are important shortly before joining the samples; dry cleaning has best results due to removal of thin oxide layers. Figure 2 shows a cross section of US supported Cu/Sn bonding at 150C. The intermetallic compounds Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 as well as pure tin easily can be identified. Due to low temperature assembly the most stable intermetallic compound (IMC) Cu3Sn has a minor share of the metal system. Most importantly there is no gap between top and bottom part of the joint despite the macroscopic assembly temperature is far away from the melting point of tin. But maybe the ultrasonic agitation brings enough energy to the interfaces, so locally melting can occur. In this way robust IMC bonding technology at 150C could be demonstrated with shear forces of 17 MPa and an alignment accuracy of 3 μm, well-suited for 3D integration. Figure 2: Low-temperature IMC bonding technology using ultrasonic agitation (Fraunhofer EMFT) Reliability for SLID contacts is certainly a very challenging objective especially looking for robust solutions in automotive applications. Thermally induced mechanical stress is the main reason for early fails during temperature cycling. Cross sectioned samples were investigated and methods like nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, fibDAC, and high local resolution x-ray scattering were applied to measure the intrinsic stresses. It can be shown that low temperature bonding is the right approach to avoid excessive stress cracking the interface or even fracturing the silicon. Also fatigue of metals can be reduced in a range that plastic deformation is no lifetime limiting factor.

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39

"Ultrasonic Scientific introduces high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy for microemulsions analysis." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 51, no. 5 (October 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm.2004.12851eab.003.

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40

Singh, Shakti Pratap, Upendra Mani Tripathi, Alok Kumar Verma, Aashit Kumar Jaiswal, Punit Kumar Dhawan, and Raja Ram Yadav. "Enhancement of thermal conductivity and ultrasonic properties by incorporating CdS nanoparticles to PVA nanofluids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A, May 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2020-0334.

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Abstract In the present work, semiconducting cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) have been used for the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. Two-step technique has been used to formulate stable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based CdS nanofluids at room temperature. Thermal conductivities of nanofluids at different temperatures have been measured using Hot Disc Thermal Constants Analyzer. Significant enhancement in thermal conductivity is noted at very low nanoparticle loading. Ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation in the prepared nanofluids have been investigated using ultrasonic interferometer and Acoustic Particle Sizer (APS-100), respectively. APS-100 has been also used for the analysis of particle size distribution (PSD) of CdS nanoparticles in the prepared nanofluids. The PSD result of APS-100 is in good agreement with that of HRTEM. The characteristic behavior of CdS nanofluid is illustrated on the basis of its ultrasonic and thermal properties. The thermal conductivity enhancement increases with the temperature and reaches up to 61.6% for 1.0 wt% particle loadings at 80 °C. Our analysis shows that CdS nanofluids have potential application for effective heat transfer management in various cooling industries.

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41

Stintz, Michael, Herbert Barthel, and Mansour Moinpour. "Particle Metrology in CMP Slurries - Potential and Limitations of Relevant Measuring Methods." MRS Proceedings 991 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0991-c04-02.

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ABSTRACTThe design of nanostructured materials like CMP slurries on an industrial scale requires the control of disperse systems of nanoparticles as well as of single isolated "bad" particles . It is well known that slurry abnormalities resulting from large abrasive particles and abrasive particles agglomeration can cause defects on wafer surfaces during CMP.Particle-particle interactions generate secondary nanometer structures, clusters or agglomerates, which can dominate the relevant properties of the bulk material. Size and structure of these particle agglomerates/structures are the result of a dynamic equilibrium between agglomeration and desagglomeration. There is still a lack of understanding of these secondary soft nano- up to micro- particles because no adequate characterization methods are established.Dilution and other preparation treatment to enable analysis by laboratory methods like TEM or AFM will distort the interparticle forces and will generate artifacts. Hence characterization methods are under investigation which can tolerate a high number of particles in the sensing zone. These high concentration methods often deliver ambiguous results. Consequently different physical principles have to be combined to get unambiguous information on the disperse state.Performance characteristics of ultrasonic spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, analytical photo-centrifugation method combined with the high spatial resolution as well as special single particle optical counters are discussed on examples.

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La Cavera, Salvatore, Fernando Pérez-Cota, Richard J. Smith, and Matt Clark. "Phonon imaging in 3D with a fibre probe." Light: Science & Applications 10, no. 1 (April 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41377-021-00532-7.

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AbstractWe show for the first time that a single ultrasonic imaging fibre is capable of simultaneously accessing 3D spatial information and mechanical properties from microscopic objects. The novel measurement system consists of two ultrafast lasers that excite and detect high-frequency ultrasound from a nano-transducer that was fabricated onto the tip of a single-mode optical fibre. A signal processing technique was also developed to extract nanometric in-depth spatial measurements from GHz frequency acoustic waves, while still allowing Brillouin spectroscopy in the frequency domain. Label-free and non-contact imaging performance was demonstrated on various polymer microstructures. This singular device is equipped with optical lateral resolution, 2.5 μm, and a depth-profiling precision of 45 nm provided by acoustics. The endoscopic potential for this device is exhibited by extrapolating the single fibre to tens of thousands of fibres in an imaging bundle. Such a device catalyses future phonon endomicroscopy technology that brings the prospect of label-free in vivo histology within reach.

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Shariatinia, Zahra, and Razieh Shajareh Tuba. "Nanoparticles of Cadmium Nitrate and Cobalt Nitrate Complexes Bearing Phosphoramide Ligands Designed for Application in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 137, no. 1 (July 29, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4028005.

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In this study, using ultrasonic method, nanoparticles of a new phosphoramide compound and its cobalt nitrate and cadmium nitrate complexes with formula (4-NO2-C6H4NH)P(O)Cl(NH-C5H4N-2) = L (1), Co(NO3)2(L)(CH3OH) (2), Cd(NO3)2(L)(CH3OH) (3) were synthesized and characterized by 31P, 1H, 13C NMR, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, and elemental analysis as well as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microsopy (TEM), and XRD techniques. The FE-SEM and high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) analyses showed that particle sizes of the compounds 1–3 are about 20–50 nm. The compounds 1–3 were utilized as dyes for adsorption of light in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the efficiencies of the cells were obtained equal to 0.42%, 0.49%, 0.54%, respectively. The analysis of band gap with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that it decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3, which is in consistent with the band gaps measured from fluorescence spectra. Comparing the conversion efficiencies of the three dyes illustrated that compound 3 with the smallest band gap yields the greatest efficiency.

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44

Njue, Wilson Mbiti, Jackson Kilonzo Kithokoi, Jane Mburu, Henry Mwangi, and Sauda Swaleh. "Green Sonochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Adansonia Digitata Leaves Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Potential." European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 1, no. 2 (May 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejchem.2020.1.2.5.

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Metal nanoparticles in the field of nanotechnology are of great interest to modern scientific research due to their size effects, medical uses and, catalytic, electronic and optical properties. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a feasible alternative to chemical methods as it is environmentally friendly and cost effective. In continuation with our research on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Kenyan medicinal plants, we here report the synthesis of novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on ultrasonic bath using Adansonia digitata leaves extracts and analysis of their antibacterial activity. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), FTIR spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). EDX analysis affirmed the nanoparticles were pure silver. Crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed by bright circular spots in the Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) in HRTEM image. The AgNPs were spherical with an average size 13 nm. FTIR analysis showed strong –C=C- and –OH stretching bands due to compounds capping the nanoparticles. The synthesized AgNPs showed high inhibition zones of 17.1±0.130 mm towards Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and 12.9±0.082mm towards Gram positive bacteria S. aureus. The aqueous A. digitata extract had no effect on growth inhibition of test bacteria. The study showed that the silver nanoparticles synthesized from the plant’s leaves extract had antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and positive pathogenic bacteria. The nanoparticles can be utilized towards developing novel drugs useful in combating pathogens.

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Lebel, Louis Laberge, Brahim Aissa, My Ali El Khakani, and Daniel Therriault. "Tridimensional Microstructures of C-SWNT Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposite by Means of a Microfluidic Infiltration Approach." MRS Proceedings 1056 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1056-hh09-10.

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ABSTRACTThree-dimensional (3D) microstructures of single walled carbon nanotube (C-SWNT)/polymer nanocomposite are fabricated by the infiltration of 3D microfluidic networks. The microfluidic network was first fabricated by direct-write assembly which consists of the robotised deposition of fugitive ink filaments on an epoxy substrate to form a 3D microstructured network. After encapsulation of the deposited structure with an epoxy resin, the fugitive ink was removed by heating, resulting in a 3D network of microchannels. This microfluidic network is then infiltrated by a ultraviolet (UV) -curable polymer loaded with C-SWNTs. The C-SWNTs were produced by the UV-laser ablation method, physico-chemically purified and dispersed in a polymer matrix using ultrasonic treatment in dichloromethane. The C-SWNTs were characterized by means of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and microRaman spectroscopy. The infiltrated nanocomposite (i.e., the C-SWNT reinforced polymer) is then cured under UV exposure and post-cured. The manufactured 3D microstructures were rectangular sandwich beams having an epoxy core and unidirectional nanocomposite fibers placed parallel to the beam axis, on both sides of the core. Flexural mechanical tests were performed on empty, pure resin and nanocomposite microfluidic beams using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The achieved nanocomposite beams were found to show an increase of 5% in the storage modulus and more than 50% increase in the loss modulus, under 30°C compared to the pure resin beams. The nanocomposite infiltration of microfluidic networks is shown to be a promising approach to achieve 3D microstructures of reinforced nanocomposites.

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