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Journal articles on the topic 'High-risk activism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Gundelach, Peter, and Jonas Toubøl. "HIGH- AND LOW-RISK ACTIVISM: DIFFERENTIAL PARTICIPATION IN A REFUGEE SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-24-2-199.

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This article presents a quantitative study of differential participation in low- and high-risk activism in the Danish refugee solidarity movement. Distinguishing between low- and high-risk activism, it shows the fruitfulness of combining what are often considered competing theoretical explanations related to (1) values, (2) microstructures, and (3) emotions. We analyze data from a unique survey of 1,856 respondents recruited via Facebook. The results show that low- and high-risk participation strongly correlate but are influenced by different factors. For low-risk activities, the most important factors are emotional reactions, structural availability, and predispositions in the form of basic human values. For high-risk activity, the important factors are prior history of activism and emotional reaction. Values, microstructures, and emotions interact in relation to participation in both kinds of activism, which points to promising avenues for integrating and developing the theoretical framework of differential participation and recruitment.

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2

Crettiez, Xavier. "« High Risk Activism » : Essai sur le processus de radicalisation violente." Pôle Sud 35, no. 2 (2011): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psud.035.0097.

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3

McAdam, Doug. "Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer." American Journal of Sociology 92, no. 1 (July 1986): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/228463.

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4

Nepstad, Sharon, and Christian Smith. "Rethinking Recruitment to High-Risk/Cost Activism: The Case of Nicaragua Exchange." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 4, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.4.1.8152670287r21558.

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We report the findings of our research on differing levels of movement involvement by focusing on participation in a high-risk/cost campaign mobilized by Nicaragua Exchange, a solidarity organization in the U.S.-Central America peace movement of the 1980s. Our data confirm the importance of relational ties in high-risk activism, yet raise questions about the relevance of biographical availability and the unique functions of organizational ties. We argue that McAdam's model is an important advance in our understanding of the factors that facilitate high-risk/cost activism, yet its micro-structural approach does not sufficiently account for human agency and individual abilities to negotiate and overcome barriers to activism.

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5

Almanzar, Nelson A. Pichardo, and Cedric Herring. "Sacrificing for the cause: Another look at high-risk/cost activism." Race and Society 7, no. 2 (January 2004): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.racsoc.2005.05.005.

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6

Denisova, Anastasia, and Michaela O’Brien. "From High Visibility to High Vulnerability: Feminist, Postcolonial and Anti-Gentrification Activism at Risk." Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 14, no. 1 (2019): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.323.

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7

Crettiez, Xavier. "« High risk activism » : essai sur le processus de radicalisation violente (première partie)." Pôle Sud 34, no. 1 (2011): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/psud.034.0045.

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8

Hairgrove, Frank, and Douglas M. Mcleod. "Circles Drawing Toward High Risk Activism: The Use ofUsrohandHalaqain Islamist Radical Movements." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 31, no. 5 (April 11, 2008): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576100801995201.

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9

Taylor, Verta, and Nicole C. Raeburn. "Identity Politics as High-Risk Activism: Career Consequences for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Sociologists." Social Problems 42, no. 2 (May 1995): 252–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1995.42.2.03x0113i.

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Taylor, Verta, and Nicole C. Raeburn. "Identity Politics as High-Risk Activism: Career Consequences for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Sociologists." Social Problems 42, no. 2 (May 1995): 252–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096904.

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11

Isaac, Larry W., Jonathan S. Coley, Daniel B. Cornfield, and Dennis C. Dickerson. "Preparation Pathways and Movement Participation: Insurgent Schooling and Nonviolent Direct Action in the Nashville Civil Rights Movement*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-21-2-155.

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Employing a unique sample of participants in the early Nashville civil rights movement, we extend the micromobilization literature by conceptualizing “preparation pathways” (or schooling channels) through which activists acquire insurgent consciousness and capital so crucial for committed, effective, high-risk activism. We identify two key pathways in which activists were “schooled” in nonviolent praxis—experience in nonviolent direct action prior to the Nashville movement and training through intensive, highly organized, and disciplined workshops on nonviolence praxis. Evidence suggests that both pathways prove especially efficacious in accounting for intensity and persistence of movement direct-action participation. The implications of our findings extend to high-risk movement activism more generally and also illuminate an important chapter in the southern civil rights movement. Activists are not a homogeneous lot. Instead they move through multiple paths accumulating diverse cultural and relational endowments that they bring into movements. Once there, these endowments can shape the intensity and persistence of participation in struggle.

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12

ROMANOS, EDUARDO. "Emotions, Moral Batteries and High-Risk Activism: Understanding the Emotional Practices of the Spanish Anarchists under Franco's Dictatorship." Contemporary European History 23, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777314000319.

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AbstractThis article studies the reactivation of activist networks in high-risk settings through a longitudinal analysis of the emotional practices of Spanish anarchists under Franco's dictatorship (1939–75). The anarchists mobilised a series of emotions in their discourse, seeking to change the degree and quality of emotions among potential supporters in order to inspire action. This emotion work focused on hope and indignation, which were crucial tools in the strategic framing of their movement. The use of hope in the anarchists’ discourse allowed them to positively evaluate the effectiveness of their challenge to the authorities. Furthermore, the activists participated in a strategic dramaturgy in front of domestic and international audiences with the intention of reproducing indignation in these onlookers and thus gathering support for their challenge to the regime. The combination of hope and indignation served as a moral battery during two periods of additional intensification of clandestine activity. Other emotions are also analysed, specifically, the resentment provoked by internal struggles in the middle of the 1940s, and the combination of anxiety and fascination towards the visibility achieved by the communists within the anti-Franco opposition in the early 1960s. In the end, longitudinal analysis of the anarchists’ emotional practices seeks to contribute to a better understanding of important questions still little studied in the emerging subfield of emotions and social movements, namely the combination of emotions in collective action and the historical evolution of the emotions.

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13

Hope, Elan C., Kristen N. Pender, and Kristen N. Riddick. "Development and Validation of the Black Community Activism Orientation Scale." Journal of Black Psychology 45, no. 3 (April 2019): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798419865416.

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In this article, we describe the development and validation of a measure of orientation toward activism in and for the Black community—the Black Community Activism Orientation Scale (BCAOS)—in a sample of Black adolescents and emerging adults. An exploratory factor analysis ( n = 446) was conducted and the results were a 26-item measure with scores of three internally consistent factors: high-risk, low-risk, and formal political activism orientation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted ( n = 447) and strong model fit estimates confirmed the factor structure of the exploratory factor analysis. Convergent validity was established through bivariate correlations of the BCAOS factors with social responsibility beliefs and nationalist ideology. In light of increased participation in sociopolitical movements in support of Black lives, the BCAOS can contribute to investigations of the psychology of adolescent and emerging adult activism in and for the Black community. We recommend additional scale development research to further contribute to this growing field.

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14

Mironova, Vera, and Sam Whitt. "Mobilizing civilians into high-risk forms of violent collective action." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319856043.

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We consider whether prior political activism increases the likelihood of engaging in higher-risk forms of violent collective action. We test our hypothesis in the context of the 2014 Euromaidan and subsequent separatist violence in Eastern Ukraine. In the aftermath of the Euromaidan protests, the Ukrainian government began a widespread campaign to mobilize young men for military service against separatist movements in the Donbas region amid escalating tensions with Russia. In July 2014, we survey young men who were volunteering to join the Ukrainian military’s counterinsurgency efforts and compare them to other young men who live in the same community but had not volunteered. Using a case control study design, we interviewed 100 young men who reported to a local Ukrainian army recruitment station in Kharkiv, a city in Eastern Ukraine which was an important center for military recruitment efforts. We compared them to 100 other young men who lived in the same communities, received recruitment notices, but had chosen not to report. Military recruits were sampled by cluster-sampling at the recruitment station, with random selection of recruits by cluster. Civilian males were sampled by random route in the vicinity of the recruitment station. When comparing survey responses between recruits and civilians, we find strong linkages between prior Euromaidan participation and military mobilization. Our results are robust to controls for parochial ethnocentrism and mere support for Euromaidan goals. Maidan participation and military mobilization are also correlated with a strong sense of self-efficacy, optimism, risk tolerance, patriotic nationalism, and feelings of in-group solidarity with protesters and the military. These correlates illustrate plausible mechanisms for how individuals could transition to increasingly higher-cost, higher-risk forms of collective action.

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15

Cheng, C. S. Agnes, Henry He Huang, Yinghua Li, and Jason Stanfield. "The Effect of Hedge Fund Activism on Corporate Tax Avoidance." Accounting Review 87, no. 5 (April 1, 2012): 1493–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50195.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines the impact of hedge fund activism on corporate tax avoidance. We find that relative to matched control firms, businesses targeted by hedge fund activists exhibit lower tax avoidance levels prior to hedge fund intervention, but experience increases in tax avoidance after the intervention. Moreover, findings suggest that the increase in tax avoidance is greater when activists have a successful track record of implementing tax changes and possess tax interest or knowledge as indicated by their Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 13D filings. We also find that these greater tax savings do not appear to result from an increased use of high-risk and potentially illegal tax strategies, such as sheltering. Taken together, the results suggest that shareholder monitoring of firms, in the form of hedge fund activism, improves tax efficiency. JEL Classifications: G32; G34; H26. Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.

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16

Carrothers, Andrew. "The impact of hedge fund activism on target firm performance, executive compensation and executive wealth." Journal of Governance and Regulation 6, no. 3 (2017): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v6_i3_p2.

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This paper examines the relationship between hedge fund activism and target firm performance, executive compensation, and executive wealth. It introduces a theoretical framework that describes the activism process as a sequence of discrete decisions. The methodology uses regression analysis on a matched sample based on firm size, industry, and market-to-book ratio. All regressions control for industry and year fixed effects. Schedule 13D Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings are the source for the statistical sample of hedge fund target firms. I supplement that data with target firm financial, operating, and share price information from the CRSP-COMPUSTAT merged database. Activist hedge funds target undervalued or underperforming firms with high profitability and cash flows. They do not avoid firms with powerful CEOs. Leverage, executive compensation, pay for performance and CEO turnover increase at target firms after the arrival of the activist hedge fund. Target firm executives’ wealth is more sensitive to changes in share price after hedge fund activism events suggesting that the executive team experiences changes to their compensation structure that provides incentive to take action to improve returns to shareholders. The top executives reap rewards for increasing firm value but not for increased risk taking.

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17

Grusky, David B., and Emily Ryo. "DID KATRINA RECALIBRATE ATTITUDES TOWARD POVERTY AND INEQUALITY?: A Test of the “Dirty Little Secret” Hypothesis." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x0606005x.

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We test the popular claim that poverty and inequality were “dirty little secrets” until the media coverage of Hurricane Katrina exposed them to a wider public. If this account were on the mark, it would suggest that the absence of major antipoverty initiatives in the United States is partly attributable to public ignorance and apathy coupled with the narrowly rational decision on the part of policymakers to attend to other issues about which the public evidently cares more. Using the 2004 Maxwell Poll, we find strikingly high levels of awareness and activism on poverty and inequality issues even prior to Katrina, clearly belying the “dirty little secret” account. The follow-up Maxwell Poll, which was administered in 2005 immediately after Katrina, revealed only a slight increase in public awareness of poverty and inequality. The Katrina effect was evidently dampened because (1) the large number of preexisting poverty activists reduced the size of the residual population “at risk” for conversion to antipoverty activism, and (2) the remaining non-activists were ardently opposed to poverty activism and hence unlikely to be receptive to the liberal message coming out of Katrina.

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18

Kenney, Michael, Stephen Coulthart, and Dominick Wright. "Structure and Performance in a Violent Extremist Network." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 10 (March 15, 2016): 2208–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716631104.

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This study combines network science and ethnography to explore how al-Muhajiroun, a banned Islamist network, continued its high-risk activism despite being targeted for disruption by British authorities. We analyze news reports, interviews, and field notes using social network analysis and qualitative content analysis to test hypotheses pertaining to network structure and performance. Our analysis suggests that the activist network’s structural properties had important implications for its performance during three separate time periods. What began as a centralized, scale-free-like, small-world network centered on a charismatic leader evolved into a more decentralized “small-world-like” network featuring clusters of local activists connected through multiple bridges. This structure allowed the activist network to engage in contentious politics even as its environment became increasingly hostile. We conclude by discussing the implications of al-Muhajiroun’s small-world solution for scholars and policy makers.

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19

Hagen, Patrick C., Daniel W. Nuss, Michael Ellis, and George D. Lyons. "Health Care Crisis: The Head and Neck Cancer Patient and Affordable Health Insurance." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 72, no. 5 (May 1993): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139307200507.

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In an evaluation of 30 patients with head and neck cancer, we found that 14 (46%) were uninsured at the time of diagnosis and 15 (50%) had yearly incomes below the poverty level. Tobacco and alcohol were identified as risk factors in 25 (83%) of the patients. These patients spent an average of $2,781 on carcinogenic agents yearly, increasing the risk of cancer 55 times that of the unexposed population, whereas the cost of a health insurance policy was $2,321 per year. To remedy the disparities and incongruities of this situation, we advocate patient education to influence behavioral change in these high-risk groups, a lowering of insurance rates, legal reform, and continued physician activism toward managing the current health care crisis.

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20

Bodkin, Charles D., Louis H. Amato, and Christie H. Amato. "The influence of green advertising during a corporate disaster." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 20, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-08-2014-0055.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore influences of green advertising and social activism during one of the worst adverse public relations episodes in history: the British Petroleum (BP) Deep Water Horizon oil spill. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses self-congruency theory and perception of fit to explore the influence of green advertising and social activism on attitudes toward BP’s advertising, commitment to the environment, brand, and company. The survey data cover periods before, during, and after the spill. Findings – Mean ratings for the BP brand were lower during the oil spill for respondents who viewed an environmental ad as compared to those viewing an ad lacking environmental content. Comparison of attitudes toward BP’s environmental commitment, advertising, company, and brand reveal differences between activist and non-activist respondents across all four attitudinal scales during the oil spill. Practical implications – The study finds that lack of fit between corporate social responsibility communications and social responsibility performance raises the potential for a significant backlash against BP. Originality/value – The paper utilizes unique data that include survey responses before during and after the BP Deep Water Horizon oil spill. Empirical analyses of attitudes toward advertising, company, and brand over the life cycle of an adverse public relations event are among the first of their kind. Similarly, analyses of differences in activist and non-activist attitudes toward a company operating in a high-environmental risk industry are also among the first ever.

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Lee, Ashley. "Invisible networked publics and hidden contention: Youth activism and social media tactics under repression." New Media & Society 20, no. 11 (April 20, 2018): 4095–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818768063.

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Social media create new channels for young people to engage with civic and political issues outside the confines of traditional public institutions. While social media present new opportunities for youth who were previously excluded from formal channels of political participation, increasingly, these platforms also subject youth to surveillance, censorship, and other forms of repression. In this study, I examine digitally active, young civic actors in Cambodia, an authoritarian regime with a demographic youth bulge and rapidly increasing uptake of social media. Specifically, I focus on social media tactics employed by youth to navigate contentious politics and express dissent under state control and surveillance. The findings show how young activists rely heavily on hidden tactics to exert influence on public issues using social media in highly contentious, high-risk political climates. This study offers insights into the dynamics of digitally mediated civic action and state power situated in broader social, cultural contexts.

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Hensby, Alexander. "Networks, counter-networks and political socialisation – paths and barriers to high-cost/risk activism in the 2010/11 student protests against fees and cuts." Contemporary Social Science 9, no. 1 (November 9, 2013): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2013.851409.

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23

Santos, Carlos E., and Rachel A. VanDaalen. "Associations among psychological distress, high-risk activism, and conflict between ethnic-racial and sexual minority identities in lesbian, gay, bisexual racial/ethnic minority adults." Journal of Counseling Psychology 65, no. 2 (March 2018): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000241.

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24

Dedieu, Jean-Philippe, and Aïssatou Mbodj-Pouye. "The Fabric of Transnational Political Activism: “Révolution Afrique” and West African Radical Militants in France in the 1970s." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 4 (October 2018): 1172–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000427.

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AbstractThis article locates itself at the intersection of the social history of postcolonial migrations and the intellectual history of leftism and Third-Worldism in the aftermath of May ’68. It is the first study of the radical political group Révolution Afrique. From 1972 until its ban by the French government in 1977, this organization forged by African and French activists mobilized against neocolonial ideologies and policies on both sides of the Mediterranean. By tracing the organization's rise and fall through extensive archival research and in-depth interviews, the article explores the changing meanings of transnational activism by weaving together the biographical paths of the activists, the institutional and political constraints they faced, and the ideological framework within which they operated. During this short time frame, the transnational agenda that made sense among African workers and students in the early 1970s became irrelevant. The increasing repression of political dissent in Africa and France, the suspension of migratory flows, and the French government's implementation of return policies in the late 1970s forced the group's African activists to adopt a more national approach to their actions, or simply withdraw from high-risk activism. Despite the dissolution of Révolution Afrique, this collective endeavor appears to have been a unique experience of political education for African activists, transcending distinct social and national boundaries that until now have been left unexamined by social scientists specialized in the complex history of the relationships between France and Africa.

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25

Kim, Harris Hyun-soo, and Chaeyoon Lim. "From virtual space to public space: The role of online political activism in protest participation during the Arab Spring." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 60, no. 6 (December 2019): 409–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715219894724.

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This study examines the relationship between online social media use and protest participation during the Arab Spring, pro-democracy movements that swept across vast parts of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). What role did online communication media play in individual decisions to participate in these high-risk political activities? We address this question by drawing on microdata from the Arab Barometer Wave III (2012–2014), a large cross-national survey of citizens nested in administrative divisions across a dozen Muslim-majority countries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we investigate the multilevel associations between online activities and the likelihood of getting involved in anti-government protests. Adjusting for individual- and regional-level confounders, as well as country fixed effects, we find that online political activism specifically, rather than Internet and social media use in general, is associated with higher odds of protest involvement during the Arab uprisings. In addition, we find that the positive linkage between individual online activism and protest is weaker in communities with a higher proportion of politically cyberactive residents.

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26

Baikov, N. M., Yu V. Berezutskiy, and E. Yu Yurevich. "Social activity of urban district residents: Political and civil self-organization." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 94, no. 1 (2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2021-94-1-128-138.

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The article presents a sociological analysis of the social activity of the residents of the Khabarovsk city district, reflecting their political and non-political (civil) interests and motives for self-organization. The article presents methodological aspects of urban activism as a social construct with a civil (non-political) and political orientation, which are applied to the analysis of self-organization in an urban district. It is shown, that the high level of social deprivation in the conditions of life and transformation of the existing regional party-political structure of the executive and legislative (representative) authorities determines the social activity of citizens of the protest orientation, generates a state of risk factors and uncertainty. According to the authors, development of the forms of joint activity of the residents and local self-government bodies (one example of which is the territorial public self-government ) it contributes not only to the involvement of residents in solving the local problems, but also increases confidence in the authorities, reduces the protest of public consciousness. Based on the results of sociological survey of the residents of the city district, the potential possibilities of this process are shown.

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27

Houghteling, Clara, and Prentiss A. Dantzler. "Taking a Knee, Taking a Stand: Social Networks and Identity Salience in the 2017 NFL Protests." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219885978.

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Beginning with President Trump’s speech against the national anthem protestors in September 2017, the authors consider how external sociopolitical events interacted with the network structure of the 2017 National Football League (NFL) to alter the salience of member identities and the resultant patterns of protest activity within the league. Using group membership data on the full population of 2,453 football players, the analysis tracks protest participation by membership in race and status groups and by the network variables of degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality. Black and elite players are both overrepresented among protesters throughout the season. The margins of overrepresentation narrowed during an increase in demonstrations after Trump’s first criticisms but had widened by the end of the season. The mean centralities of the protesting groups varied from week to week because of an increase in the salience of the NFL player identity and its interaction with racial identities. In general, protesters had lower mean degree and closeness centralities and a higher mean betweenness centrality than players who abstained from protest. Those who participated in high-risk forms of activism also tended to have lower mean degree and closeness centralities and a higher mean betweenness centrality than those who opted for low-risk demonstrations. These findings indicate that sociopolitical events can implicate different identities, changing their salience in the decision to join or abstain from a social movement.

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Bray, Laura A., Thomas E. Shriver, and Alison E. Adams. "Mobilizing Grievances in an Authoritarian Setting: Threat and Emotion in the 1953 Plzeň Uprising." Sociological Perspectives 62, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121418791771.

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Material and physical threat can play a crucial role in the emergence of protest, yet few studies have explored the micro-level mechanisms that transform threat into collective action under repressive conditions. We address this gap by connecting the mobilizing power of grievances to the emotional dynamics of collective action in the context of a 1953 uprising in Communist Czechoslovakia. Following economic reforms that wiped out citizens’ savings, several thousand workers in the industrial city of Plzeň took to the streets in protest. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews, our analysis shows how structural and incidental grievances can become a mobilizing force for high-risk activism. We find that the class position of protesters influenced their preexisting affective state and reactive response to the reform. As a result, class background helped to shape protesters’ motivations, actions, and goals. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research.

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Reyes, Maria, Maldonado Daniela, Méndez Carlos, Maria Ariza, Vannesa Arias, and Isabella Pachon. "Aging and Old Age in Colombian Trans Women: A Grounded Theory Approach." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.991.

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Abstract Trans people around the world represent one of the most marginalized and stigmatized groups in society who are at high risk of discrimination, violence and abuse (White Hughto, Reisner, & Pachankis, 2015). In Colombia, older adults face a situation of vulnerability and poverty, and this situation is even more dramatic for older people with diverse gender identities. The research focused on understanding the challenges that a group of Colombian trans women experience in the process of aging and old age. An exploratory qualitative research project was carried out using constructionist Grounded Theory. Twenty five trans-women from 50 to 67 years old who live in Bogotá, Colombia participated. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The results address three main research questions: (a) How the participants overcome the life expectancy and achieve middle and older adulthood? (b) What are the barriers the participants faced in the aging process? (c) How do the group of Colombian trans women imagine and considered a successful aging? The results evidenced that the process of aging of the participants was influenced by six psycho-socio-cultural categories. A central category that was identified as opportunity, which was influenced by five categories: a) Violence, discrimination and transphobia, b) Transit process, c) Personal strengths d) Mobilization and activism and e) experience and perception the old age. Discussion. The challenges that the participants experienced were those associated with the process of aging and to their gender identity. Trans women achieve middle and old adulthood for their personal strengths, activism and mobilization.

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30

Bull, J. "Motorcycling—a high risk activity." Injury 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-1383(88)90161-1.

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31

Kats, Dina, Cora A. Ricker, Noah E. Berlow, Bénédicte Noblet, Delphine Nicolle, Katell Mevel, Sophie Branchereau, et al. "Volasertib preclinical activity in high-risk hepatoblastoma." Oncotarget 10, no. 60 (November 5, 2019): 6403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27237.

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32

Molchanova, Natalya P. "Financing Cinema Production as a High-Risk Activity." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik102108-121.

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The role of cinema in Russian culture has traditionally been high. The federal and regional budgets, organizations and citizens take an active part in the financial provision of culture and art. However, despite the fact that the costs of supporting the cinema are assessed as very limited, this creative sector of culture is focused on high profitability, which can be achieved in the process of project management. The specifics of the financing of cinema necessitate the search for innovative approaches involving financial market institutions in order to raise funds for financing venture investment projects. Approved by the world practice ways of attracting financial resources are: sale of a share in the project; transfer of distribution rights; organization of private funds; attraction of state funds; bank loans; tax benefits; preferential use of scenery; charity. Analysis of the economic situation of the cinema organizations leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to make practical use of the methods and institutions of state and public support recommended by science and popular in foreign practice. To activate the work in the film business, it is necessary to search for new tools aimed at increasing profitability and reducing the risks of venture projects. Importance of quality and coordinated establishment of the final variant of the price of a film product by all participants in the process of film production, consisting of a film company, a distributor, a retailer, and taking into account the opinions of the end users of the population (in terms of age and age structure and level of education, place of residence, professional qualifications and employment). Priority in the digitalization environment should be given to the preparatory work: the development of marketing strategies and advertising budgets as necessary elements to stimulate innovation and investment in film production.

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Konys, K., and S. MacPhedran. "063 Sexual Activity Recommendations in High Risk Pregnancies." Journal of Sexual Medicine 14, no. 6 (June 2017): e370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.04.060.

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Woolley, P. D. "Persistence of high risk activity in homosexual men." Sexually Transmitted Infections 64, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.64.6.396.

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Goepel, E., H. U. Ulmer, and T. C. Schlotfeldt. "High-Risk Pregnancies and Amniotic Fluid Isoamylase Activity." Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 29, no. 4 (1990): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000293331.

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Del Din, Silvia, Brook Galna, Sue Lord, Alice Nieuwboer, Esther M. J. Bekkers, Elisa Pelosin, Laura Avanzino, et al. "Falls Risk in Relation to Activity Exposure in High-Risk Older Adults." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 6 (January 16, 2020): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa007.

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Abstract Background Physical activity is linked to many positive health outcomes, stimulating the development of exercise programs. However, many falls occur while walking and so promoting activity might paradoxically increase fall rates, causing injuries, and worse quality of life. The relationship between activity exposure and fall rates remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between walking activity (exposure to risk) and fall rates before and after an exercise program (V-TIME). Methods One hundred and nine older fallers, 38 fallers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 128 fallers with Parkinson’s disease (PD) were randomly assigned to one of two active interventions: treadmill training only or treadmill training combined with a virtual reality component. Participants were tested before and after the interventions. Free-living walking activity was characterized by volume, pattern, and variability of ambulatory bouts using an accelerometer positioned on the lower back for 1 week. To evaluate that relationship between fall risk and activity, a normalized index was determined expressing fall rates relative to activity exposure (FRA index), with higher scores indicating a higher risk of falls per steps taken. Results At baseline, the FRA index was higher for fallers with PD compared to those with MCI and older fallers. Walking activity did not change after the intervention for the groups but the FRA index decreased significantly for all groups (p ≤ .035). Conclusions This work showed that V-TIME interventions reduced falls risk without concurrent change in walking activity. We recommend using the FRA index in future fall prevention studies to better understand the nature of intervention programs.

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van den Heuvel, Corina N. A. M., Diede L. Loopik, Renée M. F. Ebisch, Duaa Elmelik, Karolina M. Andralojc, Martijn Huynen, Johan Bulten, et al. "RNA-based high-risk HPV genotyping and identification of high-risk HPV transcriptional activity in cervical tissues." Modern Pathology 33, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41379-019-0369-7.

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Paguntalan, John C., and Mathew Gregoski. "Physical activity barriers and motivators among high-risk employees." Work 55, no. 3 (November 22, 2016): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-162424.

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MALONI, JUDITH A., ARNOLD W. COHEN, and JANET H. KANE. "Prescription of Activity Restriction to Treat High-Risk Pregnancies." Journal of Women's Health 7, no. 3 (April 1998): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1998.7.351.

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Olivas, E., D. S. Barreto, J. Ibarra, and B. Rı´os. "224. Paroxysmal monorhytmic alpha activity in high risk infants." Clinical Neurophysiology 119, no. 9 (September 2008): e154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.04.240.

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Wu, Raymond P., Hongying Li, Laura Z. Rassenti, Tomoko Hayashi, Christina N. Wu, Thomas J. Kipps, Karen Messer, and Dennis A. Carson. "Increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Leukemia & Lymphoma 54, no. 2 (August 13, 2012): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2012.709630.

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Darracq, Michael A., and Megann Young. "Novel Anticoagulants Should NOT Be Recommended for High-Risk Activity." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 25, no. 3 (September 2014): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2014.01.007.

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Mearns, Bryony M. "High plasma renin activity linked to increased risk of death." Nature Reviews Cardiology 8, no. 6 (April 5, 2011): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2011.59.

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Vallabhajosula, Srikant, Jane Freund, Mary Cameron Hamilton, Lucas Boyd, Victoria Flood, and Stephen P. Bailey. "Step Activity Patterns in Older Adults with High Fall Risk." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000478348.02289.3c.

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Koshy, A., J. Sajeev, K. Rajakariar, P. Andrew, M. Zureik, E. Quine, S. Parfrey, et al. "High Atrial Ectopic Activity in Stroke: An Independent Risk Factor?" Heart, Lung and Circulation 25 (August 2016): S127—S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.303.

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Nelson, Vicki R., Robert V. Masocol, and Irfan M. Asif. "Associations Between the Physical Activity Vital Sign and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in High-Risk Youth and Adolescents." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 12, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738119884083.

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Background: The physical activity vital sign (PAVS) is a simple, validated tool for assessing physical activity in adults that has not been previously studied in pediatrics. Hypothesis: Reported physical activity utilizing the PAVS in pediatric patients should vary according to known associations with physical activity, such as age, sex, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: All patients within a family medicine residency clinic were assessed via the PAVS from October 1, 2015, to October 31, 2016, including 255 consecutive pediatric patients aged 5 to 18 years. Associations were examined between PAVS, age, sex, blood pressure, and BMI using 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The average PAVS reported for youth (5-11 years) was 384.9 ± 218.1 minutes per week, with 69.5% reporting sufficient physical activity (≥300 minutes per week). Adolescents (12-18 years) reported a mean PAVS of 278.3 ± 199.6 minutes per week, with 51.1% reporting sufficient physical activity. Physical activity was lower in older participants ( P < 0.0001) and was higher in male patients ( P < 0.03). Higher BMI was associated with lower PAVS ( P < 0.005), while lower systolic blood pressure was associated with a greater number of days per week of physical activity ( P < 0.005). Conclusion: The PAVS successfully identifies accepted associations between age, sex, and BMI in a pediatric population. Clinical Relevance: The correlation of the PAVS with age, sex, BMI, and blood pressure may inform future strategies to address and prevent cardiometabolic disease in pediatric patients.

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MacPhedran, Sally E. "Sexual Activity Recommendations in High-Risk Pregnancies: What is the Evidence?" Sexual Medicine Reviews 6, no. 3 (July 2018): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.01.004.

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WALSH, NANCY. "High RA Disease Activity Is Tied to Greater Risk of Infection." Family Practice News 38, no. 2 (January 2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(08)70117-8.

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Netiazhenko, Vasyl, Olena Dotsenko, Olga Plenova, and Tanya Malchevska. "Platelet activity in unstable angina patients with high and intermediate risk." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 33, no. 6 (June 2001): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(01)90333-5.

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Vanderspank, Dana, Suzanne M. Bernier, Maggie M. Sopper, Patricia Watson, and Michelle F. Mottola. "Activity Restriction Increases Deoxypyridinoline Excretion in Hospitalized High-Risk Pregnant Women." Biological Research For Nursing 16, no. 1 (October 17, 2012): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800412463120.

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Purpose:Activity restriction (AR), one of the most common interventions used in high-risk pregnancies, may exacerbate loss of bone mass. The purpose of this study was to determine changes over time in bone resorption in hospitalized AR women during late pregnancy.Methods:This was a short-term prospective study conducted in two tertiary-care obstetric hospitals. We measured urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) excretion, a marker of bone resorption, once per week in a convenience sample of 14 hospitalized AR women in the third trimester and compared values at 28–31 and 34–36 weeks’ gestation to those of 11 ambulatory control women. Both groups completed a bone-loading questionnaire, 3-day food intake record, and pedometer step counts at the same gestational age.Results:Urinary Dpd excretion increased from Days 1–7 (2.60 ± 0.32 nmol/mmol creatinine) to Days 22–28 (5.36 ± 0.83 nmol/mmol creatinine; p ≤ .05). Dpd excretion was higher in AR women (4.51 ± 0.31 nmol/mmol creatinine) than ambulatory women (2.72 ± 0.39 nmol/mmol creatinine) at 34–36 weeks’ gestation ( p ≤ .05). Energy intake between ambulatory and AR women was not different ( p ≥ .05). All women met the daily requirements for calcium and vitamin D intake during pregnancy. Average daily pedometer steps for the AR women were significantly less compared to controls (1,329 ± 936 and 8,024 ± 1,890 steps/day, respectively; p ≤ .05).Conclusions:AR leads to increased bone resorption in hospitalized pregnant women, which may impact future risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis.

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