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Journal articles on the topic 'High shoe heel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Stefanyshyn, Darren J., Benno M. Nigg, Veronica Fisher, Barry O'Flynn, and Wen Liu. "The Influence of High Heeled Shoes on Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle EMG of Normal Female Gait." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 16, no. 3 (2000): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.16.3.309.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether a graded response in gait kinematics, kinetics, and EMG occurs as shoe heel height increases. Four different shoes, including one flat shoe and three shoes with high heels, were tested in this investigation. The average heel heights of the four shoes were 1.4 cm, 3.7 cm, 5.4 cm, and 8.5 cm. Kinematics, kinetics, and muscle EMG were measured during the stance phase of gait on 13 healthy female subjects while wearing each of these 4 shoes. Systematic increases in the active vertical, propulsive, and braking forces were found as shoe heig

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Hong, Wei-Hsien, Yung-Hui Lee, Hsieh-Ching Chen, Yu-Cheng Pei, and Ching-Yi Wu. "Influence of Heel Height and Shoe Insert on Comfort Perception and Biomechanical Performance of Young Female Adults During Walking." Foot & Ankle International 26, no. 12 (2005): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070502601208.

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Background: The possible negative effects of high-heeled shoes on subjective comfort perception and objective biomechanical assessment have been noted. Although shoe inserts have been widely applied in footwear to increase comfort and to reduce the frequency of movement-related injury, no study has attempted to identify insert effectiveness in high heels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heel height and shoe inserts on comfort and biomechanics as represented by plantar pressure and ground reaction force (GRF). Methods: Twenty young female adults performed the test cond

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Gastwirth, BW, TD O'Brien, RM Nelson, DC Manger, and SA Kindig. "An electrodynographic study of foot function in shoes of varying heel heights." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 81, no. 9 (1991): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-81-9-463.

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Forty-three female test subjects had electrodynographic gait analysis performed in barefoot, low-heel shoe, and high-heel shoe conditions. Comparisons of segmental foot function, actual pressures, and pressure durations were determined. The findings suggest that an increased duration of forefoot loading, rather than an increased actual pressure, is responsible for pedal pathology secondary to wearing high-heel shoes. Contrary to previous reports in the literature, evidence of abnormal pronation in high heels was not found in this study.

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Aksenov, Andrey Yu, and Tatiana A. Klishkovskaya. "Video-analysis of the effect of different types of adapted shoes on knee adduction moment." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 5, no. 1 (2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors5145-52.

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Background. The effect of different footwear profiles on knee adduction moment have not been fully studied. Methods. Fifteen healthy volunteer subjects, age 25.3 (±2.73), undertook a series of gait laboratory trials with adapted shoes. Kinematic and kinetic data were collect using 16 Oqus 3+ cameras and the walking speed was controlled using timing gates. High street shoes were adapted to include five different heel heights (varying from a 1.5 cm to 5.5 cm heels), two heel profile conditions (curved and semi-curved heels), three varying apex angles (10, 15, and 20 degrees), and barefoot

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Waqas, Nida, Fareeha Amjad, Fiza Zulfiqar, and Saba Illyas. "Effects of Wearing High Heels on Ankle Plantarflexion." Pakistan Journal of Physical Therapy (PJPT) 4, no. 1 (2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52229/pjpt.v4i1.869.

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Abstract: Wearing High Heels (HH) for prolong period may cause kinetics and kinematics changes of lower extremity. It may lead to musculoskeletal deformities.Objective:To determine the effects of wearing different high heel shoes on ankle joint plantar flexion range.Methadology: 120 healthy university students who habitually wore shoes of different heel heights from 1cm to 10cm for at least 1 academic year, more than 5 days a week were selectively recruited. Participants were grouped according to their heel heights: flat, low, mid and high heels. Ankle plantarflexion was measured using univers

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YU, DAI-FENG, YA-GUANG YU, LI GAO, GONG-BING SHAN, and LIN WANG. "THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT-HEIGHT HEEL SHOES ON MOTOR FUNCTION OF LOWER LIMB JOINTS IN THE YOUNG FEMALE PERFORMERS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 21, no. 01 (2021): 2050010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519420500104.

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Objective: This study aims to explore how shoes with different height heels affect female gait characteristics and motor function of lower limb joints. Methods: Video analysis and myoelectricity tester were applied to the walking test of 12 female models wearing shoes with 0, 3, 6, 10, and 18[Formula: see text]cm heels. Results: (1) When being barefoot and wearing the flat shoes, the models took a longest step, and the step length decreased with the increase of the shoe heel. (2) When walking in the flat shoes, the models kept the center of gravity highly stable. With the increase of the shoe

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Watkins, Christopher, and Amanda Leitch. "Using Sexual Selection Theories to Examine Contextual Variation in Heterosexual Women’s Orientation Toward High Heels." Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 3 (2019): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01539-3.

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Abstract High heels are symbols of female sexuality and are “costly signals” if the risks of wearing them are offset by improving women’s attractiveness to men. From a functionalist perspective, the costs versus benefits of wearing heels may vary according to personal and contextual factors, such as her effectiveness at competing for mates, or at times when such motives are stronger. Here, we examined potential differences between women (self-rated attractiveness, dyadic versus solitary sexual desire, women’s age, competitive attitudes toward other women) and contextual variation (priming mati

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Lee, Soul, and Jing Xian Li. "Effects of High-Heeled Shoes and Asymmetrical Load Carrying on Lower-Extremity Kinematics During Walking in Young Women." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 1 (2014): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.1.58.

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Background Asymmetrical load carrying and wearing high-heeled shoes are very common. Biomechanics studies on the combined effects of high-heeled shoe wearing and asymmetrical load carrying are lacking. We sought to identify changes in lower-extremity joint kinematics associated with the effect of shoes and asymmetrical load carrying during walking. Methods Fifteen healthy young women (mean ± SD: age, 24.67 ± 3.54 years; body weight, 54.96 ± 6.67 kg; and height, 162.2 ± 3.91 cm) who habitually wore high-heeled shoes participated in the study. They were asked to walk under nine combined conditio

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Foster, Alicia, Mark G. Blanchette, Yi-Chen Chou, and Christopher M. Powers. "The Influence of Heel Height on Frontal Plane Ankle Biomechanics: Implications for Lateral Ankle Sprains." Foot & Ankle International 33, no. 1 (2012): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2012.0064.

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Background: Wearing high heel shoes is thought to increase an individual's likelihood of experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of heel height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ankle joint during walking. Methods: Eighteen healthy women participated. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces, and EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were recorded as subjects ambulated in high (9.5 cm) and low (1.3 cm) heel shoes at a self-selected walking velocity. Pea

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Tariq, Wajeeha, Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Muhammad Waseem Akhtar, Saadia Perwaiz, Muhammad Burhan, and Hassnain Ali. "Comparison of Balance in Habitual High Heels Wearers and Flat Shoe Wearers by Star Excursion Balance Test." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 2 (2024): 1046–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.933.

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Background: The capacity to maintain a stable and upright posture, or balance, is influenced by footwear type. High heel shoes (HHS) alter foot alignment and weight distribution, potentially impacting balance and increasing fall risk. Despite the popularity of high heels, the balance effects compared to flat shoes remain underexplored. Objective: To compare the balance between habitual high heel wearers and flat shoe wearers using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023, including 70 female participants aged 18-35 ye

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Zhao, Yihong, Shiyang Yan, Wei Wang, Bolin Sun, Bi Shi, and Luming Yang. "Influence of Outsole Structures on Foot Loading and Gait Stability." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 119, no. 10 (2024): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/wm9rqm56.

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As the downstream products most relevant to the leather industry, leather shoes perform well in the global market. Consumers have put forward high requirements for the comfort and safety of leather shoes in recent years, especially for high heels, whose unique outsole structure often causes foot overloading. The outsole structure varies in ground-contacted mode and heel base size, and plays a decisive role in its function, affecting gait patterns. This study aimed to investigate differences in foot loading and gait stability induced by different outsole structures, at two typical heel heights.

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Phillips, RD, DM Reczek, D. Fountain, J. Renner, and DB Park. "Modification of high-heeled shoes to decrease pronation during gait." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 81, no. 4 (1991): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-81-4-215.

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One of the reasons that high heels may contribute to the formation of halux valgus is that the wearers pronate during propulsion. This pilot study was performed to determine whether relocation of the heel under the counter of a fashion high-heeled pump could change the degree of pronation of the foot during the gait cycle. The authors report that more foot stability was experienced by the subjects when the center of the heel was offset between 2 and 4 mm medial to the center of the heel counter. This study is designed to promote further research into whether the shoe industry should change the

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Velázquez, Jose S., Arsenio M. Iznaga-Benítez, Amanda Robau-Porrúa, Francisco L. Sáez-Gutiérrez, and Francisco Cavas. "New Affordable Method for Measuring Angular Variations Caused by High Heels on the Sagittal Plane of Feet Joints during Gait." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125605.

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Gait is influenced by many factors, but one of the most prominent ones is shoe heel height. Optical motion tracking technology is widely used to analyze high-heeled gait, but it normally involves several high-quality cameras and licensed software, so clinics and researchers with low budgets cannot afford them. This article presents a simple, effective technique to measure the rotation angles on the sagittal plane of the ankle (tibiotalar) and toe (metatarsophalangeal) joints when no shoes (0 cm heel) and high-heeled shoes (2, 6 and 10 cm heels) are worn. The foot’s position was determined by a

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García-Pinillos, Felipe, José M. Chicano-Gutiérrez, Emilio J. Ruiz-Malagón, and Luis E. Roche-Seruendo. "Influence of RunScribe™ placement on the accuracy of spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 1 (2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119876513.

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This study aimed to examine the influence of RunScribe location (i.e. lace shoe vs heel shoe) on the accuracy of spatiotemporal gait characteristics during running by comparing data with a high-speed video analysis system at 1000 Hz. A total of 49 endurance runners performed a running protocol on a treadmill at comfortable velocity. Two systems were used to determine spatiotemporal parameters (i.e. contact time, flight time, step frequency, and step length) during running: high-speed video analysis at 1000 Hz and two different RunScribe placements (i.e. lace shoe vs heel shoe). The pairwise co

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Yick, Kit-lun, Ka-lai Yeung, Del P. Wong, Yee-nee Lam, and Sun-pui Ng. "Effects of In-Shoe Midsole Cushioning on Leg Muscle Balance and Co-Contraction with Increased Heel Height During Walking." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 6 (2018): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-020.

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Background: The midsole is an essential assembly of footwear for retaining the shape of the shoe, delivering support to the foot, and serving as a cushioning and stability device for walking. To improve leg muscle balance and muscle co-contraction, we propose a new midsole design for high heels with different hardness levels at the forefoot region. Methods: Five healthy women participated in the study, with a mean ± SD age of 21.80 ± 4.09 years, and duration of high-heeled shoe wear of 5.20 ± 4.09 years. Two midsole conditions, control and multiple-hardness midsole (MHM), with heel heights of

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Shang, Jiangyinzi, Xiang Geng, Chen Wang, et al. "Influences of high-heeled shoe parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females during treadmill walking." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 2 (2020): 230949902092197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020921978.

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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influences of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on gait cycle, center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and plantar pressure in young females. Methods: Twenty healthy adult females were recruited to participate in this study. Subjects walked on a treadmill at a fixed speed (1 m/s). Overall, six pairs of HHSs were evaluated, presenting two heel types (thin and thick) and three different heel heights (low: 3 cm, medium: 6 cm, and high: 8.2 cm). Subjects also wore flat shoes (heel height: 0.2 cm) as the control group. Results: The gait cycle, COP parameter

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Irsyam, O. K. Ilham Abdullay, Aga Shahri Putera Ketaren, Reza Mahruzza Putra, Steven Tendean, and Andrew Budiartha Budisantoso. "Contributing factors to musculoskeletal disorders in women who routinely use high heels." Bali Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (2022): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i2.3144.

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Introduction: High heels are still the top choice of women's footwear and have an aesthetic function. A previous study showed that high heels were the potential to give musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to find the presence of musculoskeletal disorders and the factors influencing the routine and long-term use of high heels amongst bank employees. Methods: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research study participant collection was carried out in November - December 2020 in several Bank branches; 233 participants were obtained. Each participant was given

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Hwang, Sung Jae, Hue Seok Choi, Hyun Ho Choi, Han Sung Kim, and Young Ho Kim. "The Evaluation of the Lower Extremity Joint Moments and Muscle Force during Various High-Heel Walking." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.755.

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In this study, we determined joint moments and muscle forces in the lower extremity during walking with different heel-height shoes using the 3D motion analysis and the corresponding musculoskeletal modeling. Totally fifteen healthy women participated in the 3D motion analysis for various walking with barefoot, flat shoe, 3cm, 6cm and 9cm high heels. Inverse dynamic simulations were also performed using a musculoskeletal model in order to calculate joint moments and muscle forces in the lower extremity. As for the hip, joint angles, joint moments and corresponding muscle forces did not show si

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Rose, Nicholas E., Lawrence A. Feiwell, and Andrea Cracchiolo. "A Method for Measuring Foot Pressures Using a High Resolution, Computerized Insole Sensor: The Effect of Heel Wedges on Plantar Pressure Distribution and Center of Force." Foot & Ankle 13, no. 5 (1992): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079201300506.

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A new, high resolution, pressure-sensitive insole was tested and found to provide reproducible measurements of static and dynamic plantar pressures inside the shoe of normal test subjects under certain conditions. However, calibration between separate sensors was poor and the sensor pads showed significant wear with use. This system was also used to investigate the effect of heel wedges on plantar foot pressure to determine whether this system was sensitive enough to detect the effect of a gross shoe modification on plantar foot pressure. Medial heel wedges decreased plantar pressures under th

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LIU, Guanchun, Yuqi LI, Quting HUANG, Jin ZHOU, and Wing-Kai LAM. "Effect of badminton shoe sole on the lunge skill performance: in the viewpoint of coordination." Leather and Footwear Journal 21, no. 2 (2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.21.2.4.

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Badminton lunge requires rapid coordination between the knee and ankle joints and it is accompanied by fast contact between the shoe’s sole and the floor. Phase angle analysis is a protocol with high resolution and relating to the coordination, but how the shoe’s sole would affect the lunge performance was not clear in terms of coordination. Thereby, the aim of this study was to applied phase angle analysis to insight the lunge process, then to disclose the effect of badminton shoe’s sole on the lunge skill performance. Eleven elite badminton players performed five left-forward maximum lunge t

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Bagherzadeh Cham, Masumeh, Mohammad Sadegh Ghasemi, Bijan Forogh, Mohammad Ali Sanjari, Mozdeh Zabihi Yeganeh, and Arezoo Eshraghi. "Effect of rocker shoes on pain, disability and activity limitation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 4 (2013): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613498537.

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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which affects the joints and soft tissues of the foot and ankle. Rocker shoes may be prescribed for the symptomatic foot in rheumatoid arthritis; however, there is a limited evidence base to support the use of rocker shoes in these patients.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of heel-to-toe rocker shoes on pain, disability, and activity limitation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Study design:Clinical trial.Methods:Seventeen female patients with rheumatoid arthritis of 1 year or more dur

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Tanigawa, Kyoma, Hiroki Shimizu, Anuradhi Bandara, et al. "The effects of high-heeled shoes on gait parameters in healthy adult women." PLOS One 20, no. 7 (2025): e0327250. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327250.

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Background Walking is essential in daily life, and footwear type significantly affects walking patterns. High-heeled shoes increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis and falls in women. Traditional studies often use treadmills or unfamiliar footwear, which may not reflect daily walking. This study investigated the impact of high-heeled shoes on walking parameters in healthy adult women using in-shoe motion sensors. Methods Seventeen healthy adult women without pain during walking participated. They walked for 6 minutes along a 30-meter corridor wearing high-heeled shoes and sneakers. Walking dat

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Grönqvist, Raoul, Simon Matz, and Mikko Hirvonen. "Assessment of shoe-floor slipperiness with respect to contact-time-related variation in friction during heel strike." Occupational Ergonomics 3, no. 4 (2003): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2003-3402.

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The variation in utilized and available friction over shoe-floor contact time was determined in the presence of high- and low-viscosity contaminants. The objectives were to improve the validity of slipperiness evaluations and to find better criteria for safe friction during heel strike. The utilized friction coefficients for six shoe types were determined during gait-trials with male participants. The available friction coefficients of these shoes were measured with a test rig simulating heel slipping. The experiments were performed on a stainless steel floor with concentrated glycerol ('oily'

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Kogler, Géza F., Franklin B. Veer, Steven J. Verhulst, Stephan E. Solomonidis, and John P. Paul. "The Effect of Heel Elevation on Strain Within the Plantar Aponeurosis: In Vitro Study." Foot & Ankle International 22, no. 5 (2001): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070102200513.

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Mild, temporary reduction of symptoms from plantar fasciitis have been reported with the use of high heeled shoes (i.e. cowboy boots, ladies pumps). However, little is known on how heel elevation may contribute to a decrease in the pain and inflammation. The aim of this study was to quantify strain in the plantar aponeurosis in cadaveric feet with the use of various heel elevation configurations. An in vitro method that simulated “static” stance was used to determine the loading characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis (n = 12). Heel elevation was evaluated with blocks placed beneath the hee

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Pradnyandari, Kadek Shinta, Putu Oka Yuli Nurhesti, and I. Gusti Ngurah Juniartha. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA JENIS SEPATU DAN TINGGI HAK SEPATU DENGAN NYERI TUMIT (PLANTAR FASCIITIS) PADA PEGAWAI KANTORAN." Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing 10, no. 1 (2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/coping.2022.v10.i01.p12.

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Heel pain (Plantar Fasciitis) is an inflammation of the band of tissue (plantar fascia) that extends from the heel to the toes. Plantar fasciitis affects mostly active working adults. One of the factors causing plantar fasciitis is the use of shoes that do not fit properly. Previous research has shown that most plantar fasciitis is caused by wearing high heels. There is still a little research on other types of shoes such as wedges, flatshoes and loafers that can cause plantar fasciitis, so researchers want to investigate this. This study aims to determine the correlation between the type of s

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GUO, LAN-YUEN, CHIEN-FEN LIN, CHICH-HAUNG YANG, et al. "EFFECT ON PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION WITH WEARING DIFFERENT BASE SIZE OF HIGH-HEEL SHOES DURING WALKING AND SLOW RUNNING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 01 (2012): 1250018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411004563.

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High heeled shoes may alter the regular loading pattern of the plantar pressure, especially increased in the forefoot area. Walking with narrow base of high heeled shoes may induce the brisk acceleration of the supported leg due to instability that increases the force on the plantar area. Particularly, this phenomenon may be amplified while slow running, but never been investigated. Materials and Methods: Plantar pressures were measured for different specific area of foot using the Pedar-X system. The effects on plantar pressure with different sized bases (1.2× 1.2 cm2 and 2.2 × 3.5 cm2) of hi

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Kumar, Vishal, and Satish Deodhar. "From Well-Heeled to Tip-Toed, Shoe-Shine to Shoe-Lace: Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation in Men's Footwear." International Review of Business and Economics 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.1.3.

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For many decades, the only branded footwear Indians knew was Bata. After years of economic liberalization; however, one finds many local, national, and international firms jostling for customer attention by producing various types of branded footwear. In fact, India has now emerged as the second largest producer of footwear in the world. The Indian footwear market can be described today as a stylized case of a monopolistically competitive market. In this study, we focus our attention on men’s formal shoes which are differentiated by variations in many attributes such as heel, toes, colour, sur

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Waskito, Mohamad Arif, and Caecilia Sri Wahyuning. "Pendekatan Antropometri Kaki Orang Indonesia Pada Desain Master Shoe Last Bagi Industri Kecil dan Menengah." Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya 34, no. 3 (2019): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v34i3.532.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas shoe last (cetakan sepatu) di Industri Kecil dan Menengah (IKM) persepatuan dilihat dari ukuran (penomoran) dan bentuk shoe last tersebut. Produk sepatu dituntut memiliki kenyamanan sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam perancangannya. Aspek kenyaman ditentukan oleh ukuran dan bentuk shoe last yang dipengaruhi oleh kualitas ketepatan ukuran dan bentuk master shoe last-nya. Kualitas ukuran dan bentuk shoe last belum dilihat sebagai salah satu aspek penting oleh pengrajin di IKM persepatuan. Umumnya mereka lebih mengut

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Belitskaya, O. A., V. V. Kostyleva, E. S. Rykova, E. G. Panferova, and A. R. Sokolovskiy. "Material Parameter Assessment for Noise-Absorbing Devices in Shoe Heels." Materials Science Forum 1082 (March 31, 2023): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-03z8n6.

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Noise is a mixture of sounds of various frequencies that irritate human beings. Today, noise is considered an “invisible” pollutant that raises great concern, especially in cities. Prolonged exposure to noise, either in everyday life or at the workplace, may cause health problems including high blood pressure and heart diseases. Noise may have negative impacts on reading, attention, problem-solving, and memory. One of the solutions to this problem is the reduction of the decibel level (dB). This article studies the noise-absorbing characteristics of polymer materials used in shoe sole producti

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Chen, R. C.-C., and M. Lord. "A comparison of trial shoe and shell shoe fitting techniques." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 19, no. 3 (1995): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649509168002.

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In Europe, bespoke orthopaedic shoes are usually sent for a trial fitting in order to check the fit and indicate any modifications required before final finishing. The use of shell shoes at the fit assessment stage, rather than the traditional alternative of partially or fully finished shoes, can offer service advantages, and is widely used for example in the Netherlands. However the comparability of shell fit assessment with the traditional method of trial shoe fit assessment has not been evaluated, either to assess its sensitivity or to elucidate any difference in assessment technique requir

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Yaghoobi, Seyedehghazal, Setayesh Asadollahi, Mostafa Mohamadi azizabadi, Rezvaneh Hajibahrami, and Meroeh Mohammadi. "How wearing high-heel shoes changes muscle activation for young female: Comparison between barefoot and high-heel shoe walking gate." Gait & Posture 113 (September 2024): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.07.167.

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Ahroni, Jessie H., Edward J. Boyko, and Ruby Forsberg. "Reliability of F-Scan In-Shoe Measurements of Plantar Pressure." Foot & Ankle International 19, no. 10 (1998): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079801901004.

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Research by our group and others indicates that many amputations of the lower limb occur after foot ulceration in patients with diabetes. It has been proposed that diabetic foot ulcers are mainly caused by repetitive trauma in areas of high plantar pressure during walking. Recent technology permits in-shoe measurement of plantar pressure. We assessed the reliability of the F-Scan in-shoe system for measurement of plantar pressure (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA) in 51 subjects from a cohort of 977 diabetic veterans enrolled in a prospective study of risk factors for foot ulceration and amputation (t

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D’Août, Kristiaan, Omar Elnaggar, Lyndon Mason, Adam Rowlatt, and Catherine Willems. "Footwear Choice and Locomotor Health Throughout the Life Course: A Critical Review." Healthcare 13, no. 5 (2025): 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13050527.

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Background/objectives: In this paper, we review and discuss epidemiological and experimental evidence on the effects of daily footwear on gait and life-long health. We consider different types of footwear, including “minimal shoes”, and their design features, comparing them to barefoot walking, with a focus on overall gait and the function of the heel pad. Methods: Narrative review. Results: We find little evidence for health benefits of most typical shoe design features (e.g., cushioning, raised heels or arch support) for normal walking in healthy individuals, and in several cases (e.g., high

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Paulick, Peyton E., Amy L. Pham, and Mark Bachman. "Instrumented Insoles for Designing and Evaluating Footwear." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 2 (2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-02-2014-b002.

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Foot injury and foot related disorders can cause pain, deformity, fatigue, headaches, and exacerbation of foot injury. While these disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, the design of footwear can be an important prevention to further injury or discomfort. While fashion is a high priority to many when selecting footwear, careful and rational design of shoes can help to prevent (or reduce) the onset of many foot disorders and health problems. Instrumented shoes or insoles can be greatly useful for characterizing the forces and biomechanical response to shoe designs. Such devices can b

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Eshraghi, Saba, Mahshid Yazdi Far, and Ibrahim Esat. "Deformation analysis in high-heel shoe sole using corrugated structure." Footwear Science 11, sup1 (2019): S129—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2019.1606116.

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Zhang, Rui, Liangliang Zhao, Qingrui Kong, et al. "The Bionic High-Cushioning Midsole of Shoes Inspired by Functional Characteristics of Ostrich Foot." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010001.

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The sole is a key component of the interaction between foot and ground in daily activities, and its cushioning performance plays a crucial role in protecting the joints of lower limbs from impact injuries. Based on the excellent cushioning performance of the ostrich foot and inspired by the structure and material assembly features of the ostrich foot’s metatarsophalangeal skeletal–tendon and the ostrich toe pad–fascia, a functional bionic cushioning unit for the midsole (including the forefoot and heel) area of athletic shoes was designed using engineering bionic technology. The bionic cushion

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Kane, Albert J., Susan M. Stover, Ian A. Gardner, et al. "Postmortem evaluation of homotypic variation in shoe characteristics of 201 Thoroughbred racehorses." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 8 (1996): 1141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.08.1141.

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Abstract Objectives To develop a standard technique for evaluation of racehorse shoes, to assess homotypic variation (interlimb variation) in shoe characteristics, and to determine whether shoe characteristics varied with age and sex. Design Cross-sectional study. Animals Thoroughbred racehorses (n = 201) that died or were euthanatized at California racetracks between August 1992 and July 1994. Procedure Shoe characteristics were measured on horses examined after death. Percentage of agreement was used to compare shoe characteristics between limbs (homotypic variation). Using χ2analysis, shoe

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Forner, Arturo, Ana-Cruz García, Enrique Alcántara, José Ramiro, Juan-Víctor Hoyos, and Pedro Vera. "Properties of Shoe Insert Materials Related to Shock Wave Transmission During Gait." Foot & Ankle International 16, no. 12 (1995): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079501601207.

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The influence of the mechanical characteristics of certain insole materials in the generation and transmission of heel strike impacts while walking was studied. Three insole materials were selected according to their mechanical characteristics under heel strike impacts. The selection of materials has made it possible to distinguish the effect of rigidity and loss tangent in the transmission of heel strike impacts. A lower rigidity and a high loss tangent have been shown to reduce the transmission of impacts to the tibia. A low rigidity was seen to significantly increase the transmission of imp

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Ma, Ruiya, Wing-Kai Lam, Rui Ding, Fan Yang, and Feng Qu. "Effects of Shoe Midfoot Bending Stiffness on Multi-Segment Foot Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force during Heel-Toe Running." Bioengineering 9, no. 10 (2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100520.

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We investigated how midfoot stiffness of running shoes influences foot segment kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) during heel-toe running. Nineteen male rearfoot strike runners performed overground heel-toe running at 3.3 m/s when wearing shoes with different midfoot bending stiffnesses (low, medium, and high) in a randomized order. A synchronized motion capture system (200 Hz) and force plate (1000 Hz) were used to collect the foot-marker trajectories and GRF data. Foot kinematics, including rearfoot-lab, midfoot-rearfoot, forefoot-rearfoot, and forefoot-midfoot interactions, and kine

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Chhoeum, Vantha, Young Kim, and Se-Dong Min. "Estimation of Knee Joint Angle Using Textile Capacitive Sensor and Artificial Neural Network Implementing with Three Shoe Types at Two Gait Speeds: A Preliminary Investigation." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165484.

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The lower limb joints might be affected by different shoe types and gait speeds. Monitoring joint angles might require skill and proper technique to obtain accurate data for analysis. We aimed to estimate the knee joint angle using a textile capacitive sensor and artificial neural network (ANN) implementing with three shoe types at two gait speeds. We developed a textile capacitive sensor with a simple structure design and less costly placing in insole shoes to measure the foot plantar pressure for building the deep learning models. The smartphone was used to video during walking at each condi

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Hennig, Ewald M., and David J. Sanderson. "In-Shoe Pressure Distributions for Cycling with Two Types of Footwear at Different Mechanical Loads." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 11, no. 1 (1995): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.11.1.68.

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Foot function and possible mechanisms for the etiology of frequently observed forefoot complaints in bicycling were studied. Pedal forces and in-shoe pressure distributions were measured with 29 subjects, who rode on a stationary bicycle with a cadence of 80 rpm at 100, 200, 300, and 400 W. The influence of footwear on foot loading was also investigated by comparing running and bicycling shoes at 400 W. The first metatarsal head and the hallux were identified as the major force-contributing structures of the foot. High pressures under the toes, midfoot, and under the heel showed that all foot

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Di Sipio, Enrica, Giulia Piccinini, Cristiano Pecchioli, et al. "Walking variations in healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes: Shoe size and heel height effects." Gait & Posture 63 (June 2018): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.048.

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Owen, Elaine, Stefania Fatone, and Andrew Hansen. "Effect of walking in footwear with varying heel sole differentials on shank and foot segment kinematics." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, no. 4 (2017): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617728119.

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Background: When walking in footwear with a positive “heel sole differential”, the sagittal kinematics of the base of the footwear appear to mimic normal barefoot foot kinematics, creating an “effective foot,” yet sagittal shank, thigh, and trunk kinematics appear to remain unchanged. These observations have not been quantified. Objectives: To quantify these observations by assessing the effect of different heel sole differentials on sagittal shank and foot segment kinematics of able-bodied walking. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Gait data from 10 nondisabled females were collec

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Nigg, Benno M., and H. Alexander Bahlsen. "Influence of Heel Flare and Midsole Construction on Pronation Supination and Impact Forces for Heel-Toe Running." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, no. 3 (1988): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.3.205.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lateral heel flare on pronation, external impact forces, and takeoff supination for different midsole constructions. Data were collected using force platforms and high-speed film cameras. Fourteen male subjects participated in the study, running heel-toe at a speed of 4 m/s. The analysis of kinetic and kinematic variables showed that changes in lateral heel flare of 16°, 0°, and a rounded heel can be used to influence initial pronation during heel-toe running. It could be shown that changes in lateral heel flare do not have a relevant

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Cha, Yu-Jin. "Effectiveness of Shock-Absorbing Insole for High-Heeled Shoes on Gait: Randomized Controlled Trials." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (2022): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101864.

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This study was carried out to identify the influence of a shock-absorbing insole, developed by the author for use with high-heeled shoes, on walking. The research design included single-blind randomized parallel groups; namely, a group of 26 participants who wore the shock-absorbing insoles and another group of 26 participants who did not wear the insoles, both carried out walking while wearing 7 cm high-heels. During walking, plantar pressure analysis (via in-shoe plantar pressure measurements), surface electrode electromyography (surface EMG), gait analysis, subjective comfort evaluation, an

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Nie, Xiao Gen, and Yan Bing Liu. "Research and Development of the 5-Axis Shoe Last NC Machine." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1869.

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Based on the analysis of the disadvantages of shoe last making with 3-axis shoe last NC machine, this paper presents a novel solution for last making with 5-axis shoe last NC machine, introduces the working principles, motions, components and implementation of 5-axis shoe last NC machine in detail. A key feature of the machine is that it can produce complete lasts in one working process, avoiding milling the toe and heel with final manual finishing operations. This paper proposes an algorithm of the tool path generation of the machine. By the grid data of the last surfaces and spiral interpola

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Gupta, Shubham, Subhodip Chatterjee, Ayush Malviya, and Arnab Chanda. "Traction Performance of Common Formal Footwear on Slippery Surfaces." Surfaces 5, no. 4 (2022): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces5040035.

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Traumatic injuries caused due to slipping and falling are prevalent in India and across the globe. These injuries not only hamper quality of life but are also responsible for huge economic and compensation burdens. Unintentional slips usually occur due to inadequate traction between the shoe and floor. Due to the economic conditions in low and middle-income countries, the public tends to buy low-cost footwear as an alternative to costly slip-resistant shoes. In this study, ten high-selling formal shoes under $25 were considered. These shoes were tested on three commonly available dry floorings

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Moore, Justin Xavier, Brice Lambert, Gabrielle P. Jenkins, and Gerald McGwin. "Epidemiology of High-Heel Shoe Injuries in U.S. Women: 2002 to 2012." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 54, no. 4 (2015): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.008.

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Vagenas, George, and Blaine Hoshizaki. "Evaluation of Rearfoot Asymmetries in Running with Worn and New Running Shoes." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, no. 3 (1988): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.3.220.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the kinematic characteristics of bilateral rearfoot asymmetry during heel–toe running under two experimental conditions: worn (broken-in) running shoes and new (standardized) running shoes. High-speed cinematography (150 fps) was used to film the lower limbs of four male runners in the frontal plane while running on a treadmill at their training pace. Six successive footfalls were analyzed for each subject and selected kinematical variables of the rearfoot function were calculated. Significant asymmetries were found in lower leg angle and Achilles tend

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Suhail, Ifrah, Suffain Khalid, Mir Shakeel Ahmad, M. Hamd Ali, Farhan Javaid Awan, and Abida Wahab. "IMPACT OF DIFFERENT HEEL HEIGHTS ON STEP LENGTH AND STRIDE LENGTH OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF LAHORE MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE." Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation 3, no. 2 (Health & Allied) (2025): 501–7. https://doi.org/10.71000/ghp89g32.

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Background: High-heeled footwear has become a defining element in modern fashion, often worn without consideration for its biomechanical consequences. Among these, alterations in gait patterns—specifically step length and stride length—are notable concerns. Prolonged use of elevated heels may influence musculoskeletal alignment and walking mechanics. Evaluating how different heel heights affect these spatial parameters of gait is crucial for understanding their clinical and functional implications. Objective: To evaluate the impact of varying heel heights on step length and stride length among

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