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Academic literature on the topic 'High-tryptophan diet'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "High-tryptophan diet"

1

Navrotskaya, V. V., and Yu Yu Sapota. "Analysis of the role of kynurenine metabolism in drosophila viability control at the high sugar diet influence." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1244.

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Aim. To analyze viability and life span of drosophila at genetic and pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, when cultivating on the standard nutritive medium and at a high sugar diet. Methods. Wild type stock and the stock with vermilion mutation have been used. Viability (number of individuals, mortality at the pupal stage) and median life span of imagoes have been determined. Results. High sugar diet has been found to negatively affect the viability of drosophila, leading to increased mortality at the pupal stage and decrease of males’ life span; wild-type stock is less resistant to the influence of such diet as compared with mutant stock. Berberine (an inhibitor of tryptophan dioxygenase) when added to the high sugar nutritive medium reduces the negative effect of a high sugar diet on life span of the wild-type stock: males’ life span reaches control values and in females life span is even more than in the control. Conclusions. Decrease of kynurenines content in the flies organisms (both at the genetic and pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism) may attenuate negative influence of the high sugar diet. Keywords: drosophila, viability, life span, kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, high sugar diet.
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2

Vasylaki, A., and A. Yurchenko. "TRYPTOPHAN AND SEROTONIN LEVELS UNDER HIGH-CALORIE DIET CONSUMPTION." Biological Markers in Fundamental and Clinical Medicine (collection of abstracts) 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2018): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29256/v.02.01.2018.escbm18.

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3

Bender, David A. "Effects of a dietary excess of leucine and of the addition of leucine and 2-oxo-isocaproate on the metabolism of tryptophan and niacin in isolated rat liver cells." British Journal of Nutrition 61, no. 3 (May 1989): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890150.

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1. Feeding rats on a low-tryptophan, niacin-free, high-leucine diet resulted in impaired synthesis from tryptophan of the nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP, and N1-methyl nicotinamide in isolated hepatocytes, compared with cells from animals fed on a low-tryptophan, niacin-free control diet providing an appropriate amount of leucine. This was accompanied by reduced accumulation of the tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine and xanthurenic acid.2. With hepatocytes from animals fed on the low-tryptophan, niacin-free control diet, the addition of leucine to the incubation medium resulted in reduced synthesis of niacin from tryptophan, and a small increase in the accumulation of 3-hydroxykynurenine.3. With hepatocytes from animals fed on the low-tryptophan, niacin-free control diet, the addition of 2-oxo-isocaproate to the incubation medium resulted in increased synthesis of NAD(P) and niacin, and increased accumulation of 3-hydroxykynurenine.4. The results suggest that a dietary excess of leucine alters the activity of the enzymes of tryptophan→niacin metabolism, or the uptake of tryptophan into the liver, in a different manner from the simple inhibition and activation seen in experiments in vitro.5. Differences between studies in isolated hepatocytes and intact animals suggest that extra-hepatic metabolism of tryptophan, catalysed by indoleamine dioxygenase, is more important than has been believed hitherto.
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Konopelski, Piotr, Marek Konop, Marta Gawrys-Kopczynska, Piotr Podsadni, Agnieszka Szczepanska, and Marcin Ufnal. "Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Tryptophan-Derived Bacterial Metabolite, Reduces Weight Gain in Rats." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030591.

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Recent evidence suggests that tryptophan, an essential amino acid, may exert biological effects by means of tryptophan-derived gut bacteria products. We evaluated the potential contribution of tryptophan-derived bacterial metabolites to body weight gain. The study comprised three experimental series performed on separate groups of male, Sprague-Dawley rats: (i) rats on standard laboratory diet treated with water solution of neomycin, an antibiotic, or tap water (controls-1); (ii) rats on standard diet (controls-2) or tryptophan-high (TH) or tryptophan-free (TF) diet; and (iii) rats treated with indole-3-propionic acid (I3P), a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan, or a vehicle (controls-3). (i) Rats treated with neomycin showed a significantly higher weight gain but lower stool and blood concentration of I3P than controls-1. (ii) The TH group showed significantly smaller increases in body weight but higher stool and plasma concentration of I3P than controls-2. In contrast, the TF group showed a decrease in body weight, decreased total serum protein and a significant increase in urine output. (iii) Rats treated with I3P showed significantly smaller weight gain than controls-3. Our study suggests that I3P, a gut bacteria metabolite of tryptophan, contributes to changes in body weight gain produced by antibiotics and tryptophan-rich diet.
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Binks, Hannah, Grace E. Vincent, Charlotte Gupta, Christopher Irwin, and Saman Khalesi. "Effects of Diet on Sleep: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040936.

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Many processes are involved in sleep regulation, including the ingestion of nutrients, suggesting a link between diet and sleep. Aside from studies investigating the effects of tryptophan, previous research on sleep and diet has primarily focused on the effects of sleep deprivation or sleep restriction on diet. Furthermore, previous reviews have included subjects with clinically diagnosed sleep-related disorders. The current narrative review aimed to clarify findings on sleep-promoting foods and outline the effects of diet on sleep in otherwise healthy adults. A search was undertaken in August 2019 from the Cochrane, MEDLINE (PubMed), and CINAHL databases using the population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) method. Eligible studies were classified based on emerging themes and reviewed using narrative synthesis. Four themes emerged: tryptophan consumption and tryptophan depletion, dietary supplements, food items, and macronutrients. High carbohydrate diets, and foods containing tryptophan, melatonin, and phytonutrients (e.g., cherries), were linked to improved sleep outcomes. The authors posit that these effects may be due in part to dietary influences on serotonin and melatonin activity.
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6

Tsuji, Ai, Chifumi Nakata, Mitsue Sano, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, and Katsumi Shibata. "L-Tryptophan Metabolism in Pregnant Mice Fed a High L-Tryptophan Diet and the Effect on Maternal, Placental, and Fetal Growth." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 6 (January 2013): IJTR.S12715. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijtr.s12715.

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Excess L-tryptophan (L-Trp) in the diet decreases fetal body weight. However, the relationship between L-Trp concentration and its effects on maternal, placental, and fetal growth are not well-understood. We investigated the effects of excess L-Trp intake on maternal, placental, and fetal growth. Female mice were fed a 20% casein diet (control diet) or control diet plus 2% or 5% L-Trp during gestation. Pup weights did not differ between the control (L-Trp intake: 0.04 g/kg body weight (BW)/day) and 2% L-Trp groups (L-Trp intake: 3.3 g/kg BW/day), but were significantly lower in the 5% L-Trp group (L-Trp intake: 7.0 g/kg BW/day) than in the control and 2% L-Trp groups. These results show that less than 3.3 g/kg BW/day L-Trp intake in pregnant mice during gestation does not affect fetal growth or L-Trp homeostasis in the placenta or fetus.
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Salter, M., D. A. Bender, and C. I. Pogson. "Leucine and tryptophan metabolism in rats." Biochemical Journal 225, no. 2 (January 15, 1985): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2250277.

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The rate of tryptophan metabolism in isolated liver cells from animals fed on a high-leucine diet was greater than for cells from control animals. Leucine inhibited tryptophan metabolism and tryptophan uptake in isolated liver cells, probably by competing for membrane transport. Leucine had no effect on tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in vitro. 4-Methyl-2-oxovalerate increased tryptophan oxidation in incubations containing albumin, by displacing bound tryptophan and increasing the availability of the amino acid to the cell. The results suggest that, under extreme conditions, when the availability of tryptophan is low, leucine may be pellagragenic.
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8

Choi, Seung-Chul, Josephine Brown, Minghao Gong, Yong Ge, Mojgan Zadeh, Wei Li, Byron P. Croker, et al. "Gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered tryptophan catabolism contribute to autoimmunity in lupus-susceptible mice." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 551 (July 8, 2020): eaax2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2220.

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The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. It has been postulated that gut microbial dysbiosis may be one of the mechanisms involved in SLE pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the dysbiotic gut microbiota of triple congenic (TC) lupus-prone mice (B6.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3) stimulated the production of autoantibodies and activated immune cells when transferred into germfree congenic C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Fecal transfer to B6 mice induced autoimmune phenotypes only when the TC donor mice exhibited autoimmunity. Autoimmune pathogenesis was mitigated by horizontal transfer of the gut microbiota between co-housed lupus-prone TC mice and control congenic B6 mice. Metabolomic screening identified an altered distribution of tryptophan metabolites in the feces of TC mice including an increase in kynurenine, which was alleviated after antibiotic treatment. Low dietary tryptophan prevented autoimmune pathology in TC mice, whereas high dietary tryptophan exacerbated disease. Reducing dietary tryptophan altered gut microbial taxa in both lupus-prone TC mice and control B6 mice. Consequently, fecal transfer from TC mice fed a high tryptophan diet, but not a low tryptophan diet, induced autoimmune phenotypes in germfree B6 mice. The interplay of gut microbial dysbiosis, tryptophan metabolism and host genetic susceptibility in lupus-prone mice suggest that aberrant tryptophan metabolism may contribute to autoimmune activation in this disease.
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9

Schøyen, Hilde Faaland, Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt, Erik Höglund, K. Peter Stone, and Anders Skrede. "Effect of dietary bacterial protein or L-tryptophan supplementation on welfare and growth performance in silver fox." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a06-031.

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The suitability of bacterial protein meal as a feed ingredient in silver fox diets was examined in an experiment comprising 72 juvenile silver foxes. Bacterial protein meal has a high content of tryptophan, which is the precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin. The biological hypothesis on which this study was premised was that increased brain serotonin production reduces the fear response, which may lead to better welfare and performance through lower energy expenditure related to fear-induced defensive responses. The effect of substituting 15% fish meal with bacterial protein meal was measured by two behavioural tests, growth performance and fur quality, by comparison with a control diet and a diet supplemented with a high level of synthetic tryptophan. The welfare of the foxes fed the diet supplemented with synthetic tryptophan was considered to be improved, as they used shorter time to approach feed in the presence of a person; thus displayed less fear, than the other two groups after treatment. Weight gain of the foxes during 55 d did not differ among diets, and feed consumption was similar. Live grading of the foxes showed that the dietary treatments did not affect fur quality (P > 0.05). It is concluded that 15% bacterial protein meal can replace fish meal in dry silver fox diets and that a large supplement of tryptophan reduces fear of silver foxes kept in cages. Key words: Bacterial protein meal, tryptophan, serotonin, silver fox, welfare, performance
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10

McCreanor, Gwyn M., and David A. Bender. "The metabolism of high intakes of tryptophan, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 3 (November 1986): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860138.

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1. The metabolic fate of high dietary intakes of nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and tryptophan, and of acute doses of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, has been studied in the rat. A new high-pressure liquid chromatography method for measurement of the principal urinary metabolites of niacin is described.2. Administration to rats of a single oral dose of nicotinamide or nicotinic acid (up to 100 mg/kg body-weight), or maintenance for 3 weeks on diets providing 150 mg nicotinamide or nicotinic acid/kg diet, resulted in only a small increase in the liver content of nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymes (NAD and NADP). The quantitative metabolism of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid differed, suggesting that intestinal bacterial deamidation is not the major fate of nicotinamide.3. A high dietary intake of tryptophan (5.9 g/kg diet) led to a considerable increase in liver NAD(P) and also in urinary excretion of niacin metabolites. The results suggest that, as indicated by enzyme kinetic studies (Bender et al. 1982), the utilization of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid for nucleotide synthesis is limited, while there is little or no limitation of NAD(P) synthesis from the tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid.
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Books on the topic "High-tryptophan diet"

1

Pollack, Robert L. The pain-free tryptophan diet. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1986.

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2

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee. FDA's regulation of the dietary supplement L-tryptophan: Hearing before the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, July 18, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "High-tryptophan diet"

1

Weekley, L. Bruce, T. D. Kimbrough, Charles E. O’Rear, and Gerald C. Llewellyn. "Disturbances in Tryptophan Metabolism Following Chronic Ingestion of a High Copper Diet by Male Rats." In Mycotoxins, Wood Decay, Plant Stress, Biocorrosion, and General Biodeterioration, 659–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9450-2_50.

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Vanz Borges, Cristine, Hector Gomez Gomez, Igor Otavio Minatel, and Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima. "The Increase of Amines Content in the Intake of a Vegan Diet." In Vegetarianism and Veganism [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94095.

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Vegetarian and vegan consumers have increased in the last years. However, the food industry is facing problems responding to this growing market, since the food safety of several plant-based products is not well established. Fruits, vegetables and fermented products, such as nut and grains milks and cheeses, may be rich sources of biogenic amines; whereas, the levels of these compounds should be considered before the inclusion on a daily diet. Biogenic amines are a class of compounds with wide physiological activities as antioxidant properties, inductors of cell division and allergic processes, and sleep, sexual and behavioral disorders. In addition to the levels of biogenic amines, the levels of some of its precursors as tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and tryptamine will be presented. The foods eaten by vegans are consumed raw, cooked, fried, fermented and mainly through homemade processing methods, which have influence on the levels of bioactive compounds from the food matrix. Exposure to processing conditions such as handling, sanitary conditions, high temperatures, preparing methods (cooking in water or oil) influencing the levels of amines, will be discussed in this chapter to enrich the knowledge on food safety associated to vegan diets.
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Żołnierczyk, Anna K. "Nutritional Properties of Edible Insects." In Environmental, Health, and Business Opportunities in the New Meat Alternatives Market, 143–65. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7350-0.ch008.

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Insects are the biggest animal group on earth. They constitute as much as 80% of the animal kingdom. Over 2000 species of insects are consumed in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Currently almost 1 billion people on this planet suffer from hunger, and we must strive to increase the efficiency of food production. One of the possible solutions is to use insects as a source of food. An important advantage of insect production is the high environmental safety compared to conventional livestock. Conventional animal husbandry is responsible for at least 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions and large consumption of drinking water. A much smaller amount of water is used to produce insect meat and insects require far less feed. Production of insect protein requires much less land and energy than the more widely consumed forms of animal protein. The nutritional usefulness of edible insects varies depending on the species, on the stage of development of the insect and the method of breeding and feeding. Insects have a high nutritional value. They are a rich source of protein which includes all eight essential amino acids (phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine). Edible insects contain on average 10-30% of fat in dry matter and they are good source of edible oil which contains more than 50% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) desirable for nutritional and health reasons. The average energy value of edible insects is about 400-500 kcal/100g of dry matter. Insects also contain a variety of water soluble or lipophilic vitamins and minerals. Their consumption can build a well-balanced diet. Insects can be regarded as safe, if properly managed and consumed, but international food regulations are needed.
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Żołnierczyk, Anna K. "Nutritional Properties of Edible Insects." In Research Anthology on Food Waste Reduction and Alternative Diets for Food and Nutrition Security, 1187–209. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5354-1.ch061.

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Insects are the biggest animal group on earth. They constitute as much as 80% of the animal kingdom. Over 2000 species of insects are consumed in Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Currently almost 1 billion people on this planet suffer from hunger, and we must strive to increase the efficiency of food production. One of the possible solutions is to use insects as a source of food. An important advantage of insect production is the high environmental safety compared to conventional livestock. Conventional animal husbandry is responsible for at least 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions and large consumption of drinking water. A much smaller amount of water is used to produce insect meat and insects require far less feed. Production of insect protein requires much less land and energy than the more widely consumed forms of animal protein. The nutritional usefulness of edible insects varies depending on the species, on the stage of development of the insect and the method of breeding and feeding. Insects have a high nutritional value. They are a rich source of protein which includes all eight essential amino acids (phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine). Edible insects contain on average 10-30% of fat in dry matter and they are good source of edible oil which contains more than 50% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) desirable for nutritional and health reasons. The average energy value of edible insects is about 400-500 kcal/100g of dry matter. Insects also contain a variety of water soluble or lipophilic vitamins and minerals. Their consumption can build a well-balanced diet. Insects can be regarded as safe, if properly managed and consumed, but international food regulations are needed.
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