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Journal articles on the topic 'High Vaginal Swab(HVS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sadaf, Rabeea, Nasreen Kishwar, Shazia Tabassum, Bushra Rauf, Sonia Javed, and Maira Khan. "Frequency of Microorganisms in High Vaginal Swabs Obtained from women in OPD presenting with Vaginal Discharge." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (2023): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317221.

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Background: After menstrual irregularities, second common gynecological problem is vaginal discharge. Change in dynamic ecosystem of vaginal flora can cause the overgrowth of pathological microorganism that creates vaginal discharge. Owing to syndromic approach in low income countries, the identification of specific causative organism is masked. Aim: To determine the frequency of various micro-organism in high vaginal swab obtained from women in outpatient department presenting with vaginal discharge. Methodology: We conducted this cross sectional descriptive studybetween January 2022 to Decem

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Thompson, C., and J. H. Malone. "Audit of diagnostic criteria for Trichomonas vaginalis in a genitourinary medicine clinic." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 6 (1998): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922296.

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Summary: A comparison between high vaginal swab (HVS) wet prep examination within the genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic and that made from an HVS transported in Amies charcoal medium to the laboratory for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis was made in a prospective study. Clinic wet prep compared with Amies had a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of nearly 100%. Using the clinic wet prep alone, 9/30 (30%) cases would have been missed.

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N., Eze Chinwe, and Edwin Queen Okwuchi. "Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among Students of University of Port Harcourt." Journal of Advance Research in Food, Agriculture and Environmental Science (ISSN: 2208-2417) 6, no. 8 (2020): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnfaes.v6i8.858.

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Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common curable sexually transmitted disease. Untreated Trichomoniasis in women can cause cervicitis, vaginites and pelvic inflammatory disease. Trichomonas vaginalisis contributes to high risk of cervical cancer in women and HIV in men. This is an institutional based cross- sectional descriptive study conducted among two hundred (200) female students of Delta Hostels, University of Port Harcourt. High vaginal swabs (HVS) and urine samples were collected from consented students and examined for the presence of T. vaginalis under the microscope. A total o

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Inusa, Sunday Danladi, Chukwunonso Uche Udechukwu, Sam Mao Panda, and Farida Gumau Garba. "Prevalence of trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in Bauchi state, Nigeria." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 3 (2018): 010–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4307535.

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Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The infection may lead to some complication in pregnancy; it has been related with premature labor and low birth weight. High vaginal swabs (HVS) and urine samples, 100 each, were collected from consenting pregnant women and examined for the presence of <em>T. vaginalis</em> under the microscope using direct wet mount microscopy within 2 hours of collection. Out of 200 samples examined, 46 (23.0%) were found to be infected with <em>T. vaginalis; </em>17(17%) in General Hospital Bayara and 29 (29%) in

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Pervaiz, Shamas, Faiza Sarwar, Abdul Rauf, and Muhammad Saifullah. "HIGH VAGINAL SWABS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (2017): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1449.

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Normal vaginal flora contains a wide range of microorganisms. Hydrogen peroxideproduced by Lactobacillus strains plays a vital role in maintaining the microenvironment of thevagina and in the inhibition of overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosisBV is the main reason of vaginal discharge. Many gram positive and gram negative rods i.e.E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. are major contributors inbacterial vaginosis. Aim: The present study was conducted to elucidate the frequency of variousgram-negative rods in high vaginal swabs and sensitivi

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Mayta, Holger, Robert H. Gilman, Maritza M. Calderon, et al. "18S Ribosomal DNA-Based PCR for Diagnosis ofTrichomonas vaginalis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 7 (2000): 2683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.7.2683-2687.2000.

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Trichomonas vaginalis remains the most common sexually transmitted parasite in the world and is considered a major risk factor in the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. A PCR technique using primers targeting a specific region of the 18S rRNA gene of T. vaginalis was developed. The PCR test was standardized using 15 reference strains, giving a single product of 312 bp in all strains. No amplification was observed when DNA from related organisms or human DNA was used as a target. The test was evaluated on 372 vaginal swab specimens and 361 urine samples from women attending infer

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Ansari, Anwar Ahmed, Anwar Hussain Phulpoto, Sham Lal, Amjad Ali Mughal, and Mir Muhammad Ali Talpur. "Exploring the Antifungal Drug Resistance in Candida albicans and Non-Candida albicans Isolated from Pregnant Women of Vaginal Complaints." Journal of Microbiological Sciences 4, no. 01 (2025): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.38211/jms.2025.04.66.

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Candidiasis associated with adverse neonatal outcomes is common in women. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans isolated from pregnant women of vaginal complaints in Pakistan. The high vaginal swab (HVS) and urine samples from all trimesters were collected at the obstetrics and gynecology ward and processed for the isolation. The identification at the species level was determined by morpho-microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Subsequently, the resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion assay a

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Hassan Zaidi, Syed Zahoor Ul, Arshad Mahmood, Syed Muhammad Qasim Khan, et al. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Selected Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from High Vaginal Swab." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (2022): 1016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221621016.

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The study determines the prevalence and resistance among pathogenic bacteria against used antibiotics. The isolates were identified biochemically and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity using disk-diffusion method. A total of 210 bacterial isolates were tested, 175 (83.3%) were reported positive whereas 35 (16.6%) were found negative for HVS. The isolates were initially identified on colonies morphology and later via biochemical tests. The gram positive bacteria isolates i,e Staphylococcus aureus was found 48 (23.3%), followed by lactobacillus and least value belonged to Staphylococcus epiderm

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Salvi, Meena. "Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190299.

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Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal

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Arathy, Haridas, Ray Jayanta, Debbarma Sourish, Sutradhar Suparna, and Majumder Tapan. "Spectrum of High Vaginal Swab Isolates and Ultrasound for Evaluation of Cervical Factors in Prediction of Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membrane." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 7 (2023): 366–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11636945.

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<strong>Background: </strong>PROM can cause significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. PROM is an obstetric enigma and several other risk factors in addition to cervical factors and genital tract infection, have been implicated in its causation. Prediction and prevention of prelabour rupture of membrane would offer the best opportunity to prevent its complications. <strong>Objectives:</strong> The current study was undertaken to determine the spectrum of high vaginal swab isolates and ultrasound for evaluation of cervical factors in prediction of preterm prelabour r

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Austin Achinike Okwelle and Adeline Kelivin Bara-Hart. "Occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among female students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (2022): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.2.0134.

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Vaginal disorders such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and Chlamydia trachomatis infections are common among women of reproductive age, occurring with high prevalence during pregnancy. This study investigated the incidences of vaginal candidiasis among female students in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt between Julys to September, 2021. A total population of 150 female students was used with their full consent. High vaginal swab (HVS) and endocervical swab (ES) samples was collected from each of the participating female students. The swab samples were

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Adegoke, Adegoke. "Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profile and extended spectrum -lactamase production among Escherichia coli from high vaginal swab (HVS)." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5, no. 10 (2011): 1287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp11.146.

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Austin, Achinike Okwelle, and Kelivin Bara-Hart Adeline. "Occurrence of vaginal candidiasis among female students of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (2022): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6627523.

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Vaginal disorders such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> infections are common among women of reproductive age, occurring with high prevalence during pregnancy. This study investigated the incidences of vaginal candidiasis among female students in Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt between Julys to September, 2021. A total population of 150 female students was used with their full consent. High vaginal swab (HVS) and endocervical swab (ES) samples was collected from each of the participating female students. The

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Agada, EO, Y.B Ngwai, and TT Sar. "Molecular diversity of Candida albicans Isolated from High Vaginal Swab (HVS) of Patients Attending Health Care Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Nig Annals of Pure & Appl Sci 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7132782.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Candida albicans (C. albicans) has been a major causative agent of candidiasis. This study, looked at the molecular diversity of C. albicans associated with vaginal infections in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of one thousand two hundred (1200) High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) samples were collected across the senatorial zones in Nasarawa State namely; Nasarawa North (NN), Nasarawa South (NS) and Nasarawa West (NW). The C. albicans were isolated, identified and confirmed by methods as described by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) including; RapID Yeast Plu

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Raja, Ayisha, Abeera Ahmed, Sindhu Fareed, Namra Sohail Raja, Ameera Tariq, and Syed Rehan Asghar Naqvi. "INCIDENCE OF VULVO VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN YOUNG WOMEN; EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Pathology 34, no. 4 (2023): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55629/pakjpathol.v34i4.771.

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Objective: To study the incidence of Candida species in women of child bearing age presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge with and without symptom of pruritus vulvae. Material and Methods: The descriptive cross sectional study was done from Feb 2022 to Jan 2023, HVS of 300 women were taken who presented with abnormal discharge from vagina and pruritus vulvae. Samples were taken for microbiological culture testing, after thorough assessment of pertinent gynecological and obstetric history. The cultures were followed up and the results recorded. Results: The most frequently identified organi

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Chidinma Princess Ezeamalu, Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu Udemezue, Divine Jacob Ottong, Onyekachi Ijeoma Udemezue, and Joachim Ohiakwu Ezeadila. "Microorganisms implicated in vulvovaginitis among patients attending a teaching hospital in southeastern Nigeria." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 2 (2024): 2658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1592.

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Vulvovaginitis is a common infection of the vulva and vagina with symptoms such as irritation of the genital area, itching, inflammation around the labia and perineal areas, strong-smelling vaginal discharge and discomfort while urinating. The etiological agents include bacteria, yeast, viruses, parasites, environmental factors, exposure to chemical irritants and allergens. Microorganisms implicated in vulvovaginitis among patients attending a teaching hospital in Southeastern Nigeria were analyzed using standard Microbiological procedures. High vaginal swab (HVS) specimens (100) were properly

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Memon, M. Hanif, Shahina Hanif, Farhan Saeed, et al. "Effect of Maternal Colonization with History of Prolonged Rupture of Membrane on Neonatal Colonization and Early Onset Sepsis." ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE 24, no. 4 (2020): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v24i4.165.

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AbstractObjective: To determine the effect of maternal colonization with history of PROM on neonatal colonization and early-onset sepsis.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at a single tertiary care hospital of Karachi from June 1st 2018 to May 31st 2019. A total of 155 patients' full-term new-borns between 37 to 41 weeks of gestation with a history of rupture of membranes more than 18 hours duration was selected by convenience sampling method. A high vaginal swab was collected from all full-term pregnant women with a history of PROM. After delivery of their new-borns,

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Awad Mahmoud, Toga Abd Alaziz, Husham M. Taha Aloob, Abdelhakam H. Ali, Yousif Fadlalla Hamedelinl, and Wahaj.M.M. "Molecular Detection of Listeria monocytogenes among Sudanese Pregnant Women with Pervious Miscarriage in Khartoum State, Sudan." International Journal of Pathogen Research 14, no. 2 (2025): 84–92. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2025/v14i2352.

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Background: Listeria monocytogenes is an emerging food-borne pathogen and causative agent of listeriosis. Clinical manifestation of invasive listeriosis is usually severe and includes sepsis and meningoencephalitis. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in pregnant women with spontaneous abortions or having a history of spontaneous abortions using PCR. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 50 samples (vaginal and high vaginal swabs) were collected from 50 women with spontaneous abortion hospitalized in Omdurman Mate

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Dr., Kiranmai, and A. Neelima Dr. "Evaluation of pcr in the molecular diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in comparison with other conventional methods." International journal of Microbiology and Mycology (IJMM) 4, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8362150.

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Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a common pathogen with worldwide distribution. It is estimated that worldwide 180 million people are infected annually. Trichomoniasis is associated with vaginitis, cervicitis, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. PCR has the advantage of high sensitivity, shorter time for diagnosis and the ability to detect nonviable or defective organism. In this study we used these three methods for evaluation of PCR in comparison with conventional methods like wet mount and culture in the detection of T. vaginalis in vaginal discharge. Three vaginal swab specimens

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Zaidi, Kamal Uddin, Abin Mani, Richa Parmar, and Vijay Thawani. "PCR: An Effective, Faster and Relevant Method for the Detection of Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans." Current Drug Therapy 15, no. 3 (2020): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666190409104833.

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Background: Candida albicans is associated with infectious diseases with colonization, in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Antibiotic treatment can develop candidiasis. Objective: Evaluation of ITS 4 and ITS5 primer expression on clinical isolates of C. albicans. Methods: Fifty clinical isolates of C. albicans were collected from different sites viz. Catheter Tip (CT), High Vaginal Swab (HVS) and Urine (U). Results: Using the universal fungal primers ITS4 and ITS5, PCR produced a single monomorphic amplification at 520 bp indicating that the strains are of same genetic iden

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Muhammad Shahbaz Hussain, Umar Khalid Cheema, Aamir Ashaq, Muhammad Sajjad, Maryam Habib, and Mehwish Anwar. "Prevalence of Candida albicans isolated from High vaginal swab among Gynae/Obstetrics patients in Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan." Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 06 (2022): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.06.4602.

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Objective: To determine the prevalance of Candida albicans amongst patients attending the Gynae& Obstetrics Department at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan (SZH-RYK). Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional hospital-based study. Setting: Department of Pathology, SZH-RYK. Period: November 2018 to February 2019. Material & Method: The data on vaginal swabs were collected from different women with symptoms of vaginal infection, cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose agar. For identification of the isolated organisms,colony morphology, wet preparation, Gram staining procedure, a Germ tube te

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Akinyemi, Kabiru O., Samuel O. Ajoseh,, Olabisi O. Adunmo, Oluchi M. Ukhureigbe, Wasiu O. Salami, and Aminat O. Lawal-Sanni. "Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Candida albicans and Co-Infectious Agents among Female Sex Workers in Lagos, Nigeria." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 1 (2024): 783–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/4202/80.0150.

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Background: An upsurge in the number of female sex workers (FSW) recently occurred in Lagos due to the harsh economic situation. This study is aimed at providing essential data on the carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Candida albicans and co-infections with other urogenital pathogens isolated from sex workers in Lagos. Methods: Two hundred female sex workers (FSWs) participated in this study conducted in Lagos, Nigeria, between September 2019 and February 2020. Urine and high vaginal swab (HVS) samples were collected from each participant, resulting in a total of 400 samples. Sociod

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Yarlagadda, Srilakshmi, Sajana G., and Prasuna J. L. Narra. "Association of vaginal infections in Preterm labour." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 6 (2018): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182030.

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Background: Preterm labour is defined as onset of regular uterine contractions associated with cervical changes between 28-37 completed weeks of gestation. Prematurity is the cause of 85% neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm labour has multiple etiologies. Vaginal infections have been associated with increased risk for preterm labour. Screening for genitourinary infections antenatally, especially in high risk cases, prompt recognition and treatment decrease the incidence of preterm labour.Methods: Ours was a prospective and retrospective observational study done at Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhar

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Onosakponome E. O., Nyenke C. U., Ikpeama R. A., Nathaniel C. D., and Lawson S. D. "Comparison of Sensitivity and Specificity of Direct Microscopy and Culture Methods as Diagnostic Tool for for Diagnosing Trichomoniasis among Females of Reproductive Age, Port Harcourt, Nigeria." International STD Research & Reviews 12, no. 2 (2023): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/isrr/2023/v12i2165.

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Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted parasitic disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and is distributed worldwide. This study was a comparison of direct microscopy and culture methods in diagnosis of trichomoniasis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was adopted involving the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis using culture and direct microscopy techniques among females attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt after ethical approval was sought and obtained. Samples were analyzed using direct wet preparation and culture techniqu

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Chinenye Laureata Alaebo, Christopher Okwudili Anyamene, Joachim Ohiakwu Ezeadila, Uchechi Mercy Njoemena, and Onyekachukwu Izuchukwu Udemezue. "Phytochemical constituents of tea tree oil and garlic and their antibacterial activity against bacteria isolated from high vaginal swabs." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 2 (2024): 2879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1611.

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Bacterial vaginal infections are common and often recurrent issues primarily caused by an imbalance in the vaginal flora. With rising antibiotic resistance, alternative treatments like natural substances are being explored. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of garlic and tea tree oil on high vaginal swab (HVS) bacterial isolates. A total of 75 HVS samples were collected and each was inoculated on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and de Man Rogosa Sharpe agar, and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Pure isolates were identifi

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Atanasievska-Kujovic, Sonja, Elizabeta Ristanovic, Vesna Protic-Djokic, and Dane Nenadic. "Association of bacterial vaginosis with the most common sexually transmitted infections." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh211116018a.

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Introduction/Objective. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis that enlarge a possibility of getting sexually transmitted infections (STI). The aims of this research is to examine association between BV and the nine most common causes of STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, high-risk Human papilloma viruses and Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2) and to determine if the presence of BV increase the probability of coinfection with any of the STIs microorganisms. Methods. This st

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Onosakponome, E. O., Nyenke, C. U., Ikpeama, R. A., Ezenwaka, C. O., and Nathaniel, C. D. "Trichomoniasis and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors among Women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 23, no. 12 (2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2023/v23i12776.

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Human trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by an anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis that infects the human urogenital tract. The study is aimed that assessing the association between trichomoniasis and demographic parameters in women attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). The cross-sectional study was made up of 650 randomly selected women, 450 of them were tested for trichomoniasis using urine sample while the other 200 were tested using high vagina swab (HVS). With the aid of a well-structured questionnaire,

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Mazur-Ejankowska, Natalia Katarzyna, Maciej Ejankowski, Piotr Wąż, Anna Chyc-Myrmuła, and Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska. "Cervical Infection as a Novel Risk Factor for Perineal Obstetrical Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 13 (2025): 4477. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134477.

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Background/Objectives: Perineal obstetrical trauma sustained during vaginal delivery has a profound impact on female quality of life. The aim of the cross-sectional study was to analyze the association between active bacterial cervical infection and group B Streptococcus (GBS) rectovaginal colonization in the 35th–37th weeks of pregnancy with the degree of delivery perineal trauma. Methods: The study included 778 women after vaginal delivery. Maternal characteristics, including age, concomitant diseases, parity, obstetrical history, and cervical swab results conducted at admission and rectovag

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Chakraborty B.A. Dalal, Ankana, S. M. Bhatawadekar, C. S. Deshmukh, and K. K. Lahiri. "SCREENING OF INFERTILE FEMALES FOR LOWER GENITAL TRACT INFECTIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (2021): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13942.

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Introduction: Infertility has been known to cause serious social and emotional problems worldwide. Besides other causes of female infertility, the role of female reproductive tract infection is well recognized. Lower genital tract infection, be it symptomatic or asymptomatic, need to be diagnosed and treated properly. In view of this our study was done. Aim & Objectives: To evaluate the bacteriological profile of lower genital tract in infertile females. Methodology: It was a cross sectional type of study. After taking consent, three swabs (high vaginal swab, endocervical swab and swab fro

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Mba, IE, and EI Nweze. "Antifungal resistance profile and enzymatic activity of Candida species recovered from human and animal samples." Bio-Research 17, no. 1 (2019): 1044A—1055A. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v17i1.4.

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Candida is currently the most implicated pathogenic fungal species recognized as the major cause of a variety of human infections all over the world. This study investigated species distribution, enzymatic activities, and antifungal resistance profiles of human and animal Candida species. Clinical Candida species (n=220) were isolated from urine, high vaginal swab (HVS) and blood while Candida species (n=128) were isolated from rectal swab, ear swab, blood, feces, and milk in animals: goat, sheep, cattle, pig and chicken. The identification of the species was performed using standard methods.

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Jaluchimike, Iloputaife Emmanuel, Aneke Chinwe Jacinta, and Ewoh Anthonia Ngozi. "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans Isolated from High Vaginal Swab samples and Female Students with UTI." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 11, no. 09 (2023): 1693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2023.v11i09.029.

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Studies on antimicrobial and phytochemical activities of garlic on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans isolated from HVS samples and female students with urinary tract infection were investigated. Garlic is used in many homes as condiment or as flavoring agent. The garlic used was purchased from Eke market Agbani in Nkanu West Enugu State Nigeria. Ten Urine and HVS samples were collected from female students using a universal container and swab sticks. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. The powder of garlic was macerated in ethanol and chloro

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Gopalan, Ushadevi, Sathiyakala Rajendiran, Karthika Jayakumar, and Ranganathan Karnaboopathy. "Composition of Vaginal microbiota and their antibiotic susceptibility in symptomatic women." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (2017): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170190.

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Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent lower genital tract infection in women of reproductive age. The aim of this study was to identify the causative organism in patients with vaginal discharge and to study the sensitivity of the organism to antibiotics.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. 2062 women with complaints of vaginal discharge were subjected to a high vaginal swab and the sample was cultured, the organisms were identified and antibiotic susceptibility was

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Xiaoming, Wu, Liu Jing, Pan Yuchen, Liu Huili, Zhang Miao, and Shu Jing. "Characteristics of the vaginal microbiomes in prepubertal girls with and without vulvovaginitis." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 40, no. 6 (2021): 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04152-2.

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AbstractThe present study focused on the characteristics of the vaginal microbiomes in prepubertal girls with and without vulvovaginitis. We collected 24 vaginal samples and 16 fecal samples from 10 girls aged 3–9 years with vulvovaginitis and 16 healthy girls of the same age. The samples were divided into three groups: fecal swabs from healthy controls (HF), vaginal swabs from healthy controls (HVS), and vaginal swabs from girls with vulvovaginitis (VVS). Sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene was performed with the NovaSeq PE250 platform to reveal the vaginal microbial community

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Suwardewa, Tjok Gde Agung, I. Nyoman Hariyasa Sanjaya, Anak Agung Ngurah Anantasika, Made Bagus Dwi Aryana, Endang Sri Widiyanti, and Polo Ishak Kurniawan. "Correlation between Group B Streptococcus Infection in The Vagina with Maternal Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Preterm Labor." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 4, no. 6 (2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2022.4.6.1452.

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For decades GBS has been the most common cause of early-onset of neonatal infection. Ascending route infection with Group B Streptococcus bacteria increases the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes, fetus infection, sepsis, preterm birth, and meningitis in infants. C-Reactive Protein is a sensitive marker of systemic inflammation where an increase in CRP can also be triggered by GBS infection. Objective of this study is to determine the relationship between Group B Streptococcus infection in the vagina of pregnant women and maternal serum C-Reactive Protein levels in preterm labor. T

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Mahaseth, Binod Kumar, and Durga B.C. "Study Of Vaginal Microflora In Cases Of Preterm Prelabour Rupture (PPROM): A Case Control Study." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 17, no. 1 (2019): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v17i1.25318.

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Background: Globally, Preterm delivery is a major contributory factor for early neonatal death. Till date definite causative factor for preterm labour has not been proven. However, the genital tract infection is considered to be the contributory factors for PPROM. Method: This case control study was conducted at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur. 100 cases enrolled in the study were divided into two groups; group A consisted of 50 cases with PPROM; and in group B 50 cases were included cases without PPROM who came to routine antenatal check-up in ANC (antenatal care)

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Bose, Sreeya, Partha Basu, Sankar Sengupta, and Ranajit Mandal. "Concordance between urine and self-collected vaginal samples for high-risk HPV detection in cervical cancer screening." International Journal of Clinical Trials 10, no. 2 (2023): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20231108.

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Background: A system comprising of screening for pre-cancerous lesions succeeded by therapeutic interventions can greatly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. High risk HPV detection in urine has proven itself as a potential primary screening tool. However, only a few studies have showed it’s concordance with matched self-collected vaginal samples while screening for high risk HPV infection in the community. Objective of the study was to determine the concordance between first void urine sample and self-collected vaginal sample for high risk HPV detection using Cobas 4800. The sensitivity

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Idris, Zubairu, F. M. Musa, and A. G. Nmadu. "Prevalence and Susceptibility of Trichomoniasis among Pregnant Women Attending Selected Primary Health Care Centers within Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 3, no. 1 (2025): 107–14. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2025-0301-14.

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Trichomoniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis which is transmitted through sexual contact. Complications of T. vaginalis include cystitis, cervicitis, urethritis, infertility, low birth weight, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. This study, therefore, was carried out to determine the occurrence of Trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending ante-natal care services in some Primary Health Care Centers (PHC) within the Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. A sample size of 360 was used in the study. High vaginal swab (HVS) samples were collecte

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F. Faisal, Saja, Wasan A. Abdul Hameed, and Sarab H. Abdulhussain. "The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis among Infertile Iraqi Women and Subsequent ICSI outcome." IraQi Journal of Embryos and Infertility Researches 13, no. 2 (2023): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.28969/ijeir.v13.i2.r6.23.

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The vaginal microbial makeup has a substantial impact on women's health. The typical vaginal microbial profile in healthy women of reproductive age comprises aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, as well as obligately anaerobic organisms. However, the optimal vaginal microbiota is dominated by lactobacilli and is thought to defend against pathogenic microbial colonization and infection by producing lactic acid, antimicrobial metabolites, and lowering immune system activation. Recent research has come up with the term "molecular bacterial vaginosis (BV)" to describe non-optimal vaginal microbiota t

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Lall, Sujata, Nidhi Goel, Vani Malhotra, and Aparna Parmar. "Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection and miscarriage in pregnancy: Are we missing the geographic demon?" Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research 13, Suppl 1 (2024): S40—S42. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcsr.jcsr_148_23.

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Abstract Salmonella enterica serotype typhi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated and facultative intracellular bacterium. We present the case of maternal S. typhi infection leading to second-trimester miscarriage. A 26-year-old tertigravida with 25 weeks of pregnancy presented with leaking and copious discharge per vaginum for 10 h and intermittent fever for 2 days. She also gave history of intermittent episodes of severe diarrhoea, pain in the right hypochondrium and high fever for 4 weeks. There was a history a previous miscarriage at 16 weeks. Abdominal ultrasonography was consistent

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Barnes, Pam, Rute Vieira, Jayne Harwood, and Mayur Chauhan. "Self-taken vaginal swabs versus clinician-taken for detection of candida and bacterial vaginosis: a case-control study in primary care." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 665 (2017): e824-e829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x693629.

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BackgroundVaginal discharge and vulvitis are common presenting symptoms in general practice. Few studies have specifically looked at the validity of self-taken low vulvovaginal swabs (LVS) for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and bacterial vaginosis (BV).AimTo assess if patient self-taken LVS are a valid alternative to clinician-taken high vaginal swabs (HVS) for the detection of VVC and BV.Design and settingCase-control study with the patient acting as their own control in an urban sexual health centre in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.MethodFemales aged 16–65 years attending with sym

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Khan, Rakhshinda Inam, Bushra Bashir, Shahnaz Sultan, Hajra Rafique, Asifa Alia, and Sanila Gul. "Prevalence of Vaginal Infections in Preterm Labour." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (2022): 990–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166990.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the association of vaginal infection in preterm deliveries. Study Design: Retrospective/prospective study Place and Duration: Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of MSF Women’s Hospital Peshawar and King Abdullah Teaching Hospital, Mansehra for the duration of six months form August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Total 76 females with ages 18-(42) years were presented in this study. After receiving informed written consent, detailed demographic information about the enrolled patients, such as age, body mass index, domicile, and educational

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Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim, Chizaram Winners Ndubueze, Joy Ogechi Ibeh, and Emeka Okechukwu. "Prevalence of candidiasis among female patients attending Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 1 (2021): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.1.0212.

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In this study, the prevalence and associated risk factors of vaginal candidiasis among female patients attending the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri was investigated. High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) specimens were collected, cultured and C. albicans identified. The overall prevalence rate of vaginal candidiasis was 28.3%, with the highest rate of 33.3% observed among the age group 26-30years, while the lowest prevalence (17.1%) was among ages 31-45 years. Based on the nature of underwear, those who wore silk and very tight underwear recorded the highest prevalence (34.5% and 77.8%, respectively) while

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Joy, Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim, Winners Ndubueze Chizaram, Ogechi Ibeh Joy, and Okechukwu Emeka. "Prevalence of candidiasis among female patients attending Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 1 (2021): 001–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5600131.

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In this study, the prevalence and associated risk factors of vaginal candidiasis among female patients attending the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri was investigated. High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) specimens were collected, cultured and <em>C. albicans</em> identified. The overall prevalence rate of vaginal candidiasis was 28.3%, with the highest rate of 33.3% observed among the age group 26-30years, while the lowest prevalence (17.1%) was among ages 31-45 years. Based on the nature of underwear, those who wore silk and very tight underwear recorded the highest prevalence (34.5% and 77.8%,

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A. Mokhtar, Ghada, Mohamed Sh. Ramadan, and Shymaa Yahia. "Value of antifungal susceptibility testing in recurrent vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Non -Albicans Candida." EJMM-Volume 30-Issue 1 30, no. 1 (2021): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51429/ejmm30120.

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Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is regarded as a prevalent vaginal infection and mainly results from Candida albicans. Nevertheless, there has recently been a prominent shift in candidiasis etiology regarding non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with achieving importance. For women with more than three episodes annually are described as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Objectives: To isolate, speciate, and determine the value of antifungal sensitivity pattern of candida species isolated from patients developed (RVVC). Methodology: High vaginal swabs (HVS) were taken from pat

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Mustafa, Khattab. "Isolation and genotyping of Candida albicans involved in vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil cities." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 25, no. 1 (2021): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2021.012.

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Background and objective: Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection among pregnant women. The current study aimed to investigate the etiologic species of vaginal candidiasis and the genotypes of C. albicans isolated from vaginal samples among pregnant women in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women admitted to the Maternity hospital in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil cities from March 2016 to December 2018. Candida isolates were identified on CHROMagar medium, then confirmed with PCR depending on ITS region. All C. albicans isolates were confirmed using

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Pokhrel, Sabi, Dhruba Shrestha, Raj Kumar Shrestha, et al. "Characteristics of Pregnant Women and Risk Factors of Their Newborn for Admission to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 20, no. 02 (2022): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v20i02.3824.

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Background: Nepal has progressed gradually in reducing under-5 mortality and neonatal mortality; however, they are still high at 30.8 and 19.8 per 1000 live births, respectively. Neonatal mortality constituted about 64% of the under-5 mortality in 2019, higher than the global average of 47%.Methods: This is a prospective study among pregnant women and their newborn babies in Siddhi Memorial Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal, from October 2017 to April 2018. Demographic and clinical data, high vaginal swabs of pregnant mothers, and umbilical cord blood were collected. High vaginal swabs were cultured,

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Ferrier, Sarah Tadhg, Erica Mandato, Alexandra Bartolomucci, Thupten Tsering, Shuk On Annie Leung, and Julia Valdemarin Burnier. "Abstract 5596: Cell free DNA levels and fragmentation patterns in different liquid biopsy analytes (blood, urine and vaginal fluid) in cervical cancer patients." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 5596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5596.

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Abstract Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the 4th most commonly diagnosed cancer among women, with approximately 528,000 new cases annually. Current screening approaches for this disease have certain limitations; Pap tests require dedicated cytopathology infrastructure, while human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing may lead to invasive procedures in patients with transient infection. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive approach to detect and monitor disease progression and treatment response. We and others have previously demonstrated the clinical utility of circulating tumor (

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Akelere, John O., Sylvia O. Anyadoh-Nwadike, and Peter O. Nwadike. "Prevalence and antibiogram of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 3 (2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.6221.

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Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) is on the rise. The prevalence and antibiogram of MDR Staphylococcus Aureus among pregnant women attending Ante-Natal Clinics in Owerri, Imo State is being studied. Aim and Objective: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among pregnant women was studied using urine and High Vaginal Swab(HVS) from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Materials and Methods: The pregnant women attending at three hospitals; Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH) Orlu and General Hosp

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Dutta, Subarna, Md Rokibul Hassan, Farjana Rahman, Md Shariful Alam Jilani, and Rashed Noor. "Study of antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically significant microorganisms isolated from selected areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 1 (2013): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i1.13351.

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Objective: Pathogenic resistance against antibiotics is substantially mounting in the developing countries including Bangladesh. Present study thus attempted to obtain the baseline information on such resistance among the community people coming to the local dispensaries around the city of Dhaka for treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 2,700 clinical specimens were examined for the presence of Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out. Extended spectrum b- lactamase (ESBL) activity, and the presence of methicillin resist

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Zaydiyeva, Z. S., and M. K. Medzhidova. "Features of the vaginal microbiota and ways of correction of its disorders in case of full-term pregnancy." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-3-38-43.

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Introduction. The vaginal microflora has a direct impact on the health of a newborn child, as well as during the postpartum period in new mothers. The composition of the vaginal microflora of a new mother determines the microflora of her conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, and the skin of the newborn, which are identical to the microflora of the mother’s birth canal, and the risk of infection in newborns is directly related to the degree of amniotic fluid insemination. At least half of women have some kind of vaginal microcenosis disorder during pregnancy. In the course of the study, the pecu

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