Academic literature on the topic 'High-voltage DC transmission'
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Journal articles on the topic "High-voltage DC transmission"
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Grad, P. "High power [high voltage DC power transmission]." Engineering & Technology 3, no. 9 (May 24, 2008): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et:20080907.
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Hingorani, N. G. "High-voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse." IEEE Spectrum 33, no. 4 (April 1996): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.486634.
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Chen, Meng, Yan Li, Jinyang Bai, Gang Feng, Yujin Peng, and Jiangzhen Guo. "Overview of High-voltage Large-capacity DC Transformer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2166, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2166/1/012015.
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Abstract DC transformer is the core equipment to realize the convergence and transmission of new energy such as solar energy, wind energy, etc. It also plays a key role in the construction of large-scale DC power grid in the future. Therefore, DC transformer has a broad application prospects in the future energy Internet era. This paper briefly summarizes the current research on DC transformer at home and abroad, and also summarizes the current research on DC transformer in the future. On the basis of the basic principle of decomposing DC transformers, the characteristics and applications of common DC transformers are classified and the problems to be solved are summarized.
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Lai, Yiyang, and Zengping Wang. "Stability Control of Flexible High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Based on DC Circuit Breaker Protection." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3205.
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In order to control the stable operation of flexible DC transmission system and ensure the uninterrupted power supply of flexible DC transmission system, the stability control method of flexible DC transmission system based on DC circuit breaker protection is studied. Taking support vector machine as the basic classifier, the two parameters of support vector machine classifier and support vector machine classifier are optimized by bird swarm algorithm, The sample weight is adjusted in real time according to the classification error of support vector machine classifier; The corresponding kernel function is selected and the bird swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters; Through the fault location method of flexible DC transmission system based on wemtr, the fault location of flexible DC transmission line is realized; According to the fault location of flexible DC transmission system, the optimal coordination strategy of DC circuit breaker based on protection line is adopted to realize the stability control of flexible DC transmission system. The simulation results show that this method can realize the stability control of flexible DC transmission in a short time. Under the control of this method, the fluctuation amplitude of voltage and current of flexible DC transmission system becomes smaller, which has application value.
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Erat, Abdurrahim, and Ahmet Mete Vural. "DC/DC Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Interconnection: A Comprehensive Review." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2687243.
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High voltage direct current (HVDC) technology is a key component in power systems owing to huge benefits such as long-distance power transmission, lower losses, asynchronous grid interconnections, controllability, system availability, and limited short-circuit currents. HVDC transmission is a cost-effective method of transporting huge amounts of power across long distances with little loss. It can also link asynchronous alternative current (AC) networks while balancing the grid. DC/DC converters are one of the most important components for HVDC power transmission, and DC/DC modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are the backbone of HVDC grid interconnections. The DC/DC MMC is a highly regarded converter architecture for medium/high-voltage DC grid interconnection. DC/DC MMC topologies play a key role in modern HVDC networks with varying voltage levels. This paper’s fundamental aim is to offer a recent comprehensive review of HVDC topologies, current DC/DC modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies for HVDC interconnection, and DC/DC MMC control techniques.
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Li, Yuye, Kaipei Liu, Xiaobing Liao, Shu Zhu, and Qing Huai. "A Virtual Impedance Control Strategy for Improving the Stability and Dynamic Performance of VSC–HVDC Operation in Bidirectional Power Flow Mode." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153184.
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It is a common practice that one converter controls DC voltage and the other controls power in two-terminal voltage source converter (VSC)–based high voltage DC (HVDC) systems for AC gird interconnection. The maximum transmission power from a DC-voltage-controlled converter to a power-controlled converter is less than that of the opposite transmission direction. In order to increase the transmission power from a DC-voltage-controlled converter to a power-controlled converter, an improved virtual impedance control strategy is proposed in this paper. Based on the proposed control strategy, the DC impedance model of the VSC–HVDC system is built, including the output impedance of two converters and DC cable impedance. The stability of the system with an improved virtual impedance control is analyzed in Nyquist stability criterion. The proposed control strategy can improve the transmission capacity of the system by changing the DC output impedance of the DC voltage-controlled converter. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy has better dynamic performance than traditional control strategies.
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Ndlela, Nomihla Wandile, and Innocent Ewean Davidson. "Network Coordination between High-Voltage DC and High-Voltage AC Transmission Systems Using Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197402.
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The strategic intent of the African Union is to develop a “Smart Integrated African Electric Power Super Grid” driven by modern tools and advances in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) engineering and flexible alternating current technology systems (FACTS), which is central in supporting Africa’s sustained economic growth and development. The southern African region, including South Africa, is beset by the critical challenges of perennial load-shedding, which impedes economic growth and aggravates unemployment. This has led to the insecurity of electricity supplies and degraded the quality of life. The parallel operation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and flexible AC technology systems (FACTS) controllers is gaining traction as system conditions become more complex, such as weak power networks which requires increased stability requirements, resulting in load-shedding and power outages. These adversely affect business productivity and adversely affect GDP and economic growth. Thus, the application of innovative technologies such as HVDC links can stabilize weak power systems. It is established that HVDC delivery systems reduce losses in long transmission lines transporting bulk power compared with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission lines for power wheeling. This paper evaluates the parallel operation of the Cahora Bassa 1414 km bipolar HVDC link and a weak parallel 400/330 kV alternating current (AC) link. It demonstrates the use of FACTS controllers to enhance the technical performance of an existing network, such as voltage control, and technical loss reduction. It combines an HVDC line commutated converter (LCC) and HVAC transmission lines, in hybrid notation to increase the voltage stability of the system by controlling the reactive power with a Static Var Compensator (SVC). These modern tools can increase the transmission power controllability and stability of the power network. In this study, HVDC–LCC was used with a setpoint of 1000 MW in conjunction with the 850 MVAr SVC. The results show that the technical losses were reduced by 0.24% from 84.32 MW to 60.32 MW as Apollo 275 kV SVC was utilized for voltage control. The network analysis was performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software that is manufactured by DIgSILENT GmbH at Gomaringen, Germany
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Zhou, Shijia, Fei Rong, Zhangtao Yin, Shoudao Huang, and Yuebin Zhou. "HVDC Transmission Technology of Wind Power System with Multi-Phase PMSG." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123294.
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The high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission technology of wind power system, with multi-phase permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) is proposed in this paper. Each set of three-phase winding of the multi-phase PMSG was connected to a diode rectifier. The output of the diode rectifier was connected by several parallel isolated DC–DC converters. Each DC–DC converter was connected to a sub-module (SM). All SMs and two inductors were connected in a series. The proposed wind power system has several advantages including, transformerless operation, low cost, low voltage stress, and high fault tolerance. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and energy balance of the DC–DC converters were achieved by controlling the duty cycles of the DC–DC converters. The HVDC transmission was achieved by the nearest level control (NLC) with voltage sorting. The simulation model with 18-phase PMSG was established. Experimental results were also studied based on RT-Lab.
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Meridji, Tayeb, Frida Ceja-Gomez, Jose Restrepo, and Ramy Azar. "High-Voltage dc Conversion: Boosting Transmission Capacity in the Grid." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 17, no. 3 (May 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2019.2896689.
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Li, Hui. "Impact of variable DC reactors in voltage-source converter based multi-terminal high-voltage DC transmission systems." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 16 (March 1, 2019): 1816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8686.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "High-voltage DC transmission"
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Luth, Thomas. "DC/DC converters for high voltage direct current transmission." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24466.
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High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has to date mostly been used for point-to-point projects, with only a few select projects being designed from the outset to incorporate multiple terminals. Any future HVDC network is therefore likely to evolve out of this pool of HVDC connections. As technology improves, the voltage rating, at the point of commission, of the these connections increases. Interconnection therefore requires the DC equivalent of the transformer, to bridge the voltage levels and create a multi-terminal network. This thesis investigates new potential DC/DC converter topologies, which may be used for a range of HVDC applications. Simple interconnections of new and legacy HVDC links is unlikely to require a large voltage-step, but will be required to transfer a large amount of power. As the HVDC network develops it may become feasible for wind-farms and load-centres to directly connect to the DC network, rather than requiring new and dedicated links. Such a connection is called an HVDC tap and is typically rated at only a small fraction of the link's peak capacity (around 10\%). Such taps would connect a distribution voltage level to the HVDC network. DC/DC converters suitable for large-step ratios (>5:1) may find their application here. In this work DC/DC converters for both small and large step-ratios are investigated. Two approaches are taken to design such converters: first, an approach utilising existing converter topologies is investigated. As each project comes with a huge price-tag, their reliability is paramount. Naturally, technology that has already proven itself in the field can be modified more readily and quickly for deployment. Using two modular multilevel converters in a front-to-front arrangement has been found to work efficiently for large power transfers and low step-ratios. Such a system can be operated at higher than 50 Hz frequencies to reduce the volume of a number of passive components, making the set-up suitable for compact off-shore applications. This does however incur a significant penalty in losses reducing the overall converter efficiency. In the second approach DC/DC converter designs are presented, that are more experimental and would require significantly more development work before deployment. Such designs do not look to adapt existing converter topologies but rather are designed from scratch, purely for DC/DC applications. An evolution of the front-to-front arrangement is investigated in further detail. This circuit utilises medium frequency (>50 Hz) square current and voltage waveforms. The DC/DC step-ratio is achieved through a combination of the stacks of cells and a transformer. This split approach allows for high-step ratios to be achieved at similar system efficiencies as for the front-to-front arrangement. The topology has been found to be much more suitable for higher than 50 Hz operation from a losses perspective, allowing for a compact and efficient design.
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Ikhide, Monday Aideloje. "DC line protection for multi-terminal High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4601/.
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The projected global energy shortage and concerns about greenhouse emissions have led to the significant developments in offshore wind farm projects around the globe. It is also envisaged that in the near future, a number of existing onshore converter stations and offshore stations will be interconnected to form a Multi-terminal (MT) HVDC systems, whereas protection issues remains a major challenge. This is largely due to the low inductance in DC network compared to AC interconnection which usually results in a sudden collapse in the DC voltage and rapid rise in the fault current thus reaching damaging levels in few milliseconds. Therefore faults in MT-HVDC system must be detected and cleared quickly before it reaches a damaging level; typically 4 – 6ms (including circuit breaker opening time) following the inception of the fault. For this reason, transient based protection techniques are ideal candidates if the protection scheme must be reliable and dependable. Transient based protection algorithms utilises the higher frequency components of the fault generated signal to detect a fault, therefore making it possible to detect the fault while the fault current is still rising and well before the steady state. The traditional protection algorithms developed for conventional high voltage AC (HVAC) systems such as distance protection are steady state based and as such not suitable for the protection of MT-HVDC systems. Another major issue is selectivity as only the faulty section must be isolated in the event of a fault. This constitutes a major challenge considering the anticipated lengths of the cables. Traditional protection techniques developed for two-terminal HVDC systems are also not suitable for MT-HVDC since it will de-energise the entire network and other sub-grids connected to the main network. DC line protection devices which will operate at a sufficient speed and which will isolate only the faulty section in the event of a fault are therefore required to avoid a total system failure during short circuit. It is anticipated that it will be achieved by the use of HVDC breakers, whereas the implementation and realisation of such circuit breakers still remain a major issue considering speed, complexity, losses and cost. However, two major vendors have proposed prototypes and hopefully these will be commercially available in the near future. The key issue still remains the development of a fast DC line fault detection algorithm; and it is on these premise that this research was undertaken. The work reported in this thesis is a novel time domain protection technique for application to HVDC grids. The protection principle developed utilises the “power” and “energy” accompanying the associated travelling wave following the occurrence of a fault to distinguish between internal and external fault. Generally, either the “power” or “energy” can provide full discrimination between internal and external faults. For an internal fault, the associated forward and backward travelling wave power; or the forward and backward wave energy must exceed a pre-determined setting otherwise the fault is regarded as external. This characteristic differences is largely due to the DC inductor located at the boundaries which provides attenuation for the high frequency transient resulting from an external fault, hence making the power and energy for an internal fault to be significantly larger than that for external fault. The ratio between the forward and backward travelling wave power; or between the forward and backward travelling wave energy provides directional discrimination. For a forward directional fault (FDF) with respect to a local relay, this ratio must be less than unity. However, the ratio is greater than unity for reverse directional faults (RDF). The resulting wave shape of the “travelling wave power” (TWP) components also led to the formulation of a novel protection algorithm utilising the wave shape concavity. For an internal fault, the second derivative of the resulting polynomial formed by the TWP must be negative, thereby indicating a “concave-upwards” parabola. However, for an external fault, the second derivative of the resulting polynomial formed by the TWP components must be positive indicating a “concave-downwards” parabola. The developed and proposed protection techniques and principles were validated against a full scale Modular Multi-level Converter (MMC) – based HVDC grid, and thereafter the protection algorithm was implemented in MATLAB. Wider cases of fault scenarios were considered including long distance remote internal fault and a 500Ω high resistance remote internal fault. In all cases, both the pole-pole (P-P) and pole-ground (P-G) faults were investigated. The simulation results presented shows the suitability of the protection technique as the discrimination between internal and external faults was made within 1ms following the application of the fault. Following this, the protection algorithm was implemented on both a low-cost experimental platform utilising an Arduino UNO ATmega328 Microcontroller and on a Compact RIO FPGA-based experimental platform utilising LAB-View. The experimental results obtained were consistent with those obtained by simulations. An advantage of the proposed technique is that it is non-unit based and as such no communication delays are incurred. Furthermore, as it is time domain - based, it does not require complex mathematical computation and burden / DSP techniques; hence can easily be implemented since it will require less hardware resources which ultimately will result in minimal cost.
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Gonzalez-Torres, Juan Carlos. "Transient stability of high voltage AC-DC electric transmission systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS041.
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Les nouvelles politiques adoptées par les autorités nationales ont encouragé pendant les dernières années l'intégration à grande échelle des systèmes d'énergie renouvelable (RES). L'intégration à grande échelle des RES aura inévitablement des conséquences sur le réseau de transport d'électricité tel qu'il est conçu aujourd'hui, car le transport de l'électricité massif sur de longues distances pourrait amener les réseaux de transport à fonctionner près de leurs limites, réduisant ainsi leurs marges de sécurité. Des systèmes de transport d’électricité plus complexes seront donc nécessaires.Dans ce scénario, les systèmes de transmission à Courant Continu Haute Tension (HVDC) constituent la solution la plus intéressante pour le renforcement et l'amélioration des réseaux à Courant Alternatif (AC) existants, non seulement en utilisant des configurations point à point, mais aussi dans des configurations multi-terminales. L'introduction des systèmes HVDC aboutira à terme à un réseau électrique hybride haute tension AC/DC, qui doit être analysé comme un système unique afin de mieux comprendre les interactions entre le réseau AC et le réseau DC.Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse de la stabilité transitoire des systèmes de transmission électrique hybrides AC/DC. Plus particulièrement, deux questions ont été abordées: Quel est l'impact d'un défaut du réseau DC sur la stabilité transitoire du réseau AC? Comment est-il possible de se servir des systèmes de transmission DC en tant qu'actionneurs afin d'améliorer la stabilité transitoire AC ?Dans la première partie de ce travail, les modèles mathématiques du réseau hybride AC/DC sont décrits ainsi que les outils nécessaires à l'analyse du système en tenant compte de sa nature non linéaire. Ensuite, une analyse approfondie de la stabilité transitoire du réseau électrique dans le cas particulier d'un court-circuit dans le réseau DC et l'exécution des stratégies de protection correspondantes sont effectuées. En complément, des indicateurs de stabilité et des outils pour dimensionner les futurs réseaux de la MTDC afin de respecter les contraintes des stratégies de protection existantes sont proposés.La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur les propositions de commande pour la modulation des références de puissance des systèmes de transmission HVDC dans le but d'améliorer la stabilité transitoire du système AC connecté à ce réseau DC. Tout d'abord, nous axons notre étude sur le contrôle non linéaire des liaisons HVDC point à point dans des liaisons hybrides AC/DC. La compensation rapide des perturbations de puissance, l'injection de puissance d'amortissement et l'injection de puissance de synchronisation sont identifiées comme des mécanismes par lesquels les systèmes HVDC peuvent améliorer les marges de stabilité des réseaux AC.Enfin, une stratégie de contrôle pour l'amélioration de la stabilité transitoire par injection de puissance active dans par un réseau MTDC est proposée. Grâce à la communication entre les stations, la commande décentralisée proposée injecte la puissance d'amortissement et de synchronisation entre chaque paire de convertisseurs en utilisant uniquement des mesures au niveau des convertisseurs. L'implémentation proposée permet d'utiliser au maximum la capacité disponible des convertisseurs en gérant les limites de puissance d'une manière décentraliséeThe new policy frameworks adopted by national authorities has encouraged the large scale-integration of Renewable Energy Systems (RES) into bulk power systems. The large-scale integration of RES will have consequences on the electricity transmission system as it is conceived today, since the transmission of bulk power over long distances could lead the existing transmission systems to work close to their limits, thus decreasing their dynamic security margins. Therefore more complex transmissions systems are needed.Under this scenario, HVDC transmission systems raise as the most attractive solution for the reinforcement and improvement of existing AC networks, not only using point-to-point configurations, but also in a Multi-Terminal configuration. The introduction of HVDC transmission systems will eventually result in a hybrid high voltage AC/DC power system, which requires to be analyzed as a unique system in order to understand the interactions between the AC network and the DC grid.This thesis addresses the transient stability analysis of hybrid AC/DC electric transmission systems. More in particular, two questions sought to be investigated: What is the impact of a DC contingency on AC transient stability? How can we take advantage of the of DC transmission systems as control inputs in order to enhance AC transient stability?In the first part of this work, the mathematical models of the hybrid AC/DC grid are described as well as the necessary tools for the analysis of the system taking into account its nonlinear nature. Then, a thorough analysis of transient stability of the power system in the particular case of a DC fault and the execution of the corresponding protection strategies is done. As a complement, stability indicators and tools for sizing future MTDC grids in order to respect the constraints of existing protection strategies are proposed.The second part of the thesis addresses the control proposals for the modulation of power references of the HVDC transmission systems with the purpose of transient stability enhancement of the surrounding AC system. Firstly, we focus our study in the nonlinear control of point-to-point HVDC links in hybrid corridors. Fast power compensation, injection of damping power and injection of synchronizing power are identified as the mechanisms through which HVDC systems can improve stability margins.Finally, a control strategy for transient stability enhancement via active power injections of an MTDC grid is proposed. Using communication between the stations, the proposed decentralized control injects damping and synchronizing power between each pair of converters using only measurements at the converters level. The proposed implementation allows to fully use the available headroom of the converters by dealing with power limits in a decentralized way
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Robinson, Jonathan. "Efficiency and performance analysis of AC and DC grid based wind farms connected to a high voltage DC transmission line." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86959.
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A trans-Canadian grid could lead to increased ability to integrate wind energy by increasing capacity, improving reliability, and reducing effects of non-dispatchable generation by integrating renewable energy sources over a wide geographical area. Use of HVDC technology in the trans-Canadian grid would result in lower losses for the long transmission lines required and also would provide other benefits, such as lower right-of-way requirements, high reliability, and fault isolation. However, there are no current installations connecting a tapped connection to an HVDC line; all HVDC lines are operated using two terminals. This thesis proposes two methods of connecting a wind farm to an HVDC line. Techniques using an AC grid based wind farm and a DC grid based wind farm are analyzed based on their efficiency and component requirements, as well as their ability to operate during normal and fault conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of both solutions are compared, and while the best overall efficiency can be obtained using an AC system, high efficiencies can also be obtained for the DC system when combined with wind turbines with a MV output voltage. Preliminary simulation analysis shows that the DC grid design provides superior isolation of the HVDC line from faults on the wind farm grid, but both the AC and DC grids have potential issues implementing fault ride through, depending on the location of the fault.Un réseau trans-canadien peut aider à intégrer l'énergie éolienne, qui s'étend sur une vaste zone géographique, en augmentant la capacité de transfert de puissance des lignes de transport et en réduisant les effets non-contrôlables des sources d'énergie renouvelable. L'utilisation de la technologie 'HVDC' peut réduire les coûts des longues lignes de transmission et aussi offrir d'autres avantages comme la réduction de l'empreinte géographique, une meilleure fiabilité, et la localisation des défauts. Toutefois, il n'y a pas de raccordements multi-terminaux HVDC en opération. Cette thèse propose deux méthodes de connexion d'un parc éolien à une ligne HVDC, utilisant des réseaux c.a. et c.c. Le rendement, les composantes requises et la performance transitoire des deux méthodes de connexion sont présentés. Une meilleure efficacité peut être obtenue avec le réseau c.a., mais en intégrant les éoliennes MT, l'efficacité du réseau c.c. est améliorée. Des études préliminaires démontrent que le réseau c.c. aide à une meilleure isolation d'un court-circuit dans le parc éolien qui pourrait se transmettre aux lignes HVDC. Les deux réseaux sont capables de réduire les effets d'un court-circuit, mais peuvent avoir des problèmes à demeurer en service sans déclenchement pour un défaut transitoire.
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Fatokun, Folasade Okedoyin. "Corona ions from high voltage powerlines : production, effect on ambient particles, DC electric field and implications on human exposure studies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/20714/1/Folasade_Fatokun_Thesis.pdf.
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Powerlines are important in the process of electricity transmission and distribution (T & D) and their essential role in transmitting electricity from the large generating stations to the final consumers cannot be over emphasized. Over the years, an increase in the demand for electrical energy (electricity) has led to the construction and inevitable use of high transmission voltage, sub-transmission voltage and distribution voltage power conducting lines, for the electricity T & D process. Along with this essential role, electricity conductors can also give rise to some electrically related effects such as interference with telecommunication circuits, electric shocks, electromagnetic fields, audible noise, corona ion discharges, etc.
The presence of powerline generated corona ions in any ambient air environment can be associated with the local modification of the earth’s natural dc electric field (e-field), while the interactions between these ions and other airborne aerosol particles can be associated with the presence of charged aerosol particles in the environment of the corona ion emitting lines. When considering all the studies conducted to date on the possible direct and indirect effects of high voltage powerlines (HVPLs), of significant interest are those suggesting links between powerlines and some adverse human health effects – with such health effects alleged to be strongest amongst populations directly exposed to HVPLs. However, despite the numerous studies conducted on HVPLs, to date a lack of proper scientific understanding still exist in terms of the physical characterization of the electrical environment surrounding real-world HVPLs - mostly in terms of the entire dynamics of ions and charged particles, as well as the possible links/associations between the different parameters that characterize these electrical environments. Yet, gaining a sound understanding about the electrical environment surrounding energized real-world HVPLs is imperative for the accurate assessment of any possible human exposure or health effects that may be associated with powerlines.
The research work presented in this thesis was motivated by the existing gaps in scientific understanding of the possible association between corona ions generated by real-world HVPLs and the production of ambient charged aerosol particles. The aim of this study was to supply some much needed scientific knowledge about the characteristics of the electrical environment surrounding real-world energized HVPLs. This was achieved by investigating the possible effects of corona ions generated by real-world overhead HVPLs on ambient aerosol particle number concentration level, ambient aerosol particle charge concentration level, ambient ion concentration level and the magnitude of the local vertical dc e-field; while also taking into consideration the possible effect of complex meteorological factors (such as temperature, pressure, wind speed wind direction, solar radiation and humidity) on the instantaneous value of these measured parameters, at different powerline sites. The existence of possible associations or links between these various parameters measured in the proximity of the powerlines was statistically investigated using simple linear regression, correlation and multivariate (principal component, factor, classification and regression tree-CART) analysis. The strength of the regression was tested with coefficient of determinations R2, while statistical significance was asserted at the 95 % confidence level.
For the powerline sites investigated in this study, both positive and negative polarities of ions were found to be present in the ambient air environment. The presence of these ions was associated with perturbations in the local vertical dc e-field, increased net ambient ion concentrations and net particle charge concentration levels. The mean net ion concentration levels (with a range of 4922 ions cm-3 to -300 ions cm-3) in the ambient environment of these powerlines, were in excess of what was measured in a typical outdoor air (i.e -400 ions cm-3). The mean net particle charge concentration levels (1469 ions cm-3 to -1100 ions cm-3) near the powerlines were also found to be statistically significantly higher than what was obtained for a mechanically ventilated indoor room (-84 ± 49 ions cm-3) and a typical urban outdoor air (-486 ± 34 ions cm-3). In spite of all these measured differences however, the study also indicated that ambient ion concentration as well as its associated effects on ambient particle charge concentration and e-field perturbations gradually decreased with increase in distance from the powerlines. This observed trend provided the physical evidence of the localized effect of real-world HVPL generated corona ions. Particle number concentration levels remained constant (in the order of 103 particles cm-3) irrespective of the powerline site or the sampling distance from the lines.
A close observation of the output signals of the sampling instruments used in this study consistently revealed large fluctuations in the instantaneous value of all the measured electrical parameters (i.e. non-periodic extremely high and low negative and positive polarities of ions/charged particles and e-field perturbations was recorded). Although the reason for these observed fluctuations is not particularly known at this stage, and hence in need of further investigations, it is however being hypothesized that, since these fluctuations appear to be characteristic of the highly charged environment surrounding corona ion emitting electrical infrastructures, they may be suggestive of the possibility that the release of corona ions by ac lines are not necessarily in the form of a continuous flow of ions.
The results also showed that statistically significant correlations (R2 = 74 %, P < 0.05) exists between the instantaneous values of the ground-level ambient ion and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. This correlation is an indication of the strong relationship/association that exists between these two parameters. Lower correlations (R2 = 3.4 % to 9 %, P < 0.05) were however found to exist between the instantaneous values of the vertical dc e-field and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. These suggest that e-field measurements alone may not necessarily be a true indication of the ground-level ambient ion and particle charge concentration levels. Similarly, low statistical correlations (R2 = 0.2 % to 1.0 %, P < 0.05) were also found to exist between the instantaneous values of ambient aerosol particle charge concentration and ambient ultrafine (0.02 to 1 μm sized) aerosol particle number concentration. This low level of correlations suggests that the source contribution of aerosol particle charge and aerosol particle number concentration into the ambient air environment of the HVPLs were different. In terms of the implication of human exposure to charged aerosol particles, the results obtained from this study suggests that amongst other factors, exposure to the dynamic mixture of ions and charged particles is a function of : (a) distance from the powerlines; (b) concentration of ions generated by the powerlines; and (c) meteorology - wind turbulence and dispersal rate.
In addition to all its significant findings, during this research, a novel measurement approach that can be used in future studies for the simultaneous monitoring of the various parameters characterizing the physical environment of different ion/charged particle emission sources (such as high voltage powerlines, electricity substations, industrial chimney stack, motor vehicle exhaust, etc.) was developed and validated.
However, in spite of these significant findings, there is still a need for other future and more comprehensive studies to be carried out on this topic in order to extend the scientific contributions of in this research work.
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Fatokun, Folasade Okedoyin. "Corona ions from high voltage powerlines : production, effect on ambient particles, DC electric field and implications on human exposure studies." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20714/.
Full textAbstract:
Powerlines are important in the process of electricity transmission and distribution (T & D) and their essential role in transmitting electricity from the large generating stations to the final consumers cannot be over emphasized. Over the years, an increase in the demand for electrical energy (electricity) has led to the construction and inevitable use of high transmission voltage, sub-transmission voltage and distribution voltage power conducting lines, for the electricity T & D process. Along with this essential role, electricity conductors can also give rise to some electrically related effects such as interference with telecommunication circuits, electric shocks, electromagnetic fields, audible noise, corona ion discharges, etc.
The presence of powerline generated corona ions in any ambient air environment can be associated with the local modification of the earth’s natural dc electric field (e-field), while the interactions between these ions and other airborne aerosol particles can be associated with the presence of charged aerosol particles in the environment of the corona ion emitting lines. When considering all the studies conducted to date on the possible direct and indirect effects of high voltage powerlines (HVPLs), of significant interest are those suggesting links between powerlines and some adverse human health effects – with such health effects alleged to be strongest amongst populations directly exposed to HVPLs. However, despite the numerous studies conducted on HVPLs, to date a lack of proper scientific understanding still exist in terms of the physical characterization of the electrical environment surrounding real-world HVPLs - mostly in terms of the entire dynamics of ions and charged particles, as well as the possible links/associations between the different parameters that characterize these electrical environments. Yet, gaining a sound understanding about the electrical environment surrounding energized real-world HVPLs is imperative for the accurate assessment of any possible human exposure or health effects that may be associated with powerlines.
The research work presented in this thesis was motivated by the existing gaps in scientific understanding of the possible association between corona ions generated by real-world HVPLs and the production of ambient charged aerosol particles. The aim of this study was to supply some much needed scientific knowledge about the characteristics of the electrical environment surrounding real-world energized HVPLs. This was achieved by investigating the possible effects of corona ions generated by real-world overhead HVPLs on ambient aerosol particle number concentration level, ambient aerosol particle charge concentration level, ambient ion concentration level and the magnitude of the local vertical dc e-field; while also taking into consideration the possible effect of complex meteorological factors (such as temperature, pressure, wind speed wind direction, solar radiation and humidity) on the instantaneous value of these measured parameters, at different powerline sites. The existence of possible associations or links between these various parameters measured in the proximity of the powerlines was statistically investigated using simple linear regression, correlation and multivariate (principal component, factor, classification and regression tree-CART) analysis. The strength of the regression was tested with coefficient of determinations R2, while statistical significance was asserted at the 95 % confidence level.
For the powerline sites investigated in this study, both positive and negative polarities of ions were found to be present in the ambient air environment. The presence of these ions was associated with perturbations in the local vertical dc e-field, increased net ambient ion concentrations and net particle charge concentration levels. The mean net ion concentration levels (with a range of 4922 ions cm-3 to -300 ions cm-3) in the ambient environment of these powerlines, were in excess of what was measured in a typical outdoor air (i.e -400 ions cm-3). The mean net particle charge concentration levels (1469 ions cm-3 to -1100 ions cm-3) near the powerlines were also found to be statistically significantly higher than what was obtained for a mechanically ventilated indoor room (-84 ± 49 ions cm-3) and a typical urban outdoor air (-486 ± 34 ions cm-3). In spite of all these measured differences however, the study also indicated that ambient ion concentration as well as its associated effects on ambient particle charge concentration and e-field perturbations gradually decreased with increase in distance from the powerlines. This observed trend provided the physical evidence of the localized effect of real-world HVPL generated corona ions. Particle number concentration levels remained constant (in the order of 103 particles cm-3) irrespective of the powerline site or the sampling distance from the lines.
A close observation of the output signals of the sampling instruments used in this study consistently revealed large fluctuations in the instantaneous value of all the measured electrical parameters (i.e. non-periodic extremely high and low negative and positive polarities of ions/charged particles and e-field perturbations was recorded). Although the reason for these observed fluctuations is not particularly known at this stage, and hence in need of further investigations, it is however being hypothesized that, since these fluctuations appear to be characteristic of the highly charged environment surrounding corona ion emitting electrical infrastructures, they may be suggestive of the possibility that the release of corona ions by ac lines are not necessarily in the form of a continuous flow of ions.
The results also showed that statistically significant correlations (R2 = 74 %, P < 0.05) exists between the instantaneous values of the ground-level ambient ion and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. This correlation is an indication of the strong relationship/association that exists between these two parameters. Lower correlations (R2 = 3.4 % to 9 %, P < 0.05) were however found to exist between the instantaneous values of the vertical dc e-field and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. These suggest that e-field measurements alone may not necessarily be a true indication of the ground-level ambient ion and particle charge concentration levels. Similarly, low statistical correlations (R2 = 0.2 % to 1.0 %, P < 0.05) were also found to exist between the instantaneous values of ambient aerosol particle charge concentration and ambient ultrafine (0.02 to 1 μm sized) aerosol particle number concentration. This low level of correlations suggests that the source contribution of aerosol particle charge and aerosol particle number concentration into the ambient air environment of the HVPLs were different. In terms of the implication of human exposure to charged aerosol particles, the results obtained from this study suggests that amongst other factors, exposure to the dynamic mixture of ions and charged particles is a function of : (a) distance from the powerlines; (b) concentration of ions generated by the powerlines; and (c) meteorology - wind turbulence and dispersal rate.
In addition to all its significant findings, during this research, a novel measurement approach that can be used in future studies for the simultaneous monitoring of the various parameters characterizing the physical environment of different ion/charged particle emission sources (such as high voltage powerlines, electricity substations, industrial chimney stack, motor vehicle exhaust, etc.) was developed and validated.
However, in spite of these significant findings, there is still a need for other future and more comprehensive studies to be carried out on this topic in order to extend the scientific contributions of in this research work.
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Truong, Quoc-duy. "Use of expert systems in the preliminary design of high voltage DC point-to-point transmission systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60483.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis is concerned with the development of an expert system for the preliminary design of point-to-point HVDC transmission systems, TRANSEPT-DC. This expert system module complements other expert system modules concerned with AC design, insulation coordination, and reliability, all of which form the TRANSEPT family of expert systems for the preliminary design of point-to-point power transmission systems.The domain knowledge of the design of HVDC transmission systems is first discussed. This includes possible HVDC system configurations, cost of terminals, cost of transmission lines, cost of losses, and design expertise.
The details of converting the HVDC design domain knowledge into a structured knowledge base is demonstrated. Objects, properties, classes, and object-oriented programming techniques are introduced. Then, the implementation of rules and the architecture of a complete expert system including man-machine interface, external interface and data storage is presented.
A sample run from TRANSEPT-DC on an Intel 80386-based personal computer is provided to demonstrate the performance and the basic features of the HVDC expert system.
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Diban, Bassel. "Life Estimation of HVDC Cables Subjected to Qualification Test Conditions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18955/.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the Master Thesis is estimating the life of HVDC XLPE-insulated cables subjected to the Qualification Tests conditions according to CIGRÉ Technical Brochure 496 and for different values of the coefficients (a) and (b).
During the Electrical Type Test (TT), a series of load cycles (LC) with DC voltage UT=1.85 U0 (rated voltage) are applied in three stages, i.e.:
• 12 cycles lasting 24 hours each with a negative polarity of the applied voltage (12 days).
• 12 cycles lasting 24 hours each with a positive polarity of the applied voltage (12 days).
• 3 cycles lasting 48 hours each with a positive polarity of the applied voltage (6 days).
according to CIGRÉ technical brochure 496, Load Cycles are of two types:
1. A 24-hour Load Cycle consists of 8 hours heating (with steady conductor temperature equal to the rated one during at least the last 2 hours), followed by 16 hours of natural cooling.
2. A 48-hour Load Cycle consists of 24 hours heating (with steady conductor temperature equal to the rated one during at least the last 18 hours), followed by 24 hours of natural cooling.
Results:
-The phenomenon called “Field Inversion” takes place only in the case of high values of “a” and “b” coefficients where the outer part of the insulation is stressed more than the inner part.
-In case of low “a” and “b” that the lower those values are, the more the inner part of the insulation is stressed.
-The life of the cable under the Type Test condition (around 90 days) is three times longer than the Type Test duration (30 days), considering the worst-case which corresponds to low values of “a” and “b”.
-The loss of life in one 48-hour Load Cycle (LC) is twice that in two 24-hour LC (equivalent to the same duration of 48 hours).
-For the same values of a and b, the inversion of the life curve over the insulation thickness in the Pre-Qualification Test is greater than that in the Type Test because of the High Load period in PQ test.
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Shinoda, Kosei. "Contrôle et opération des réseaux HVDC multi-terminaux à base de convertisseurs MMC." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0017.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la commande de réseaux multi-terminaux à courant continu (MTDC) basés sur des convertisseurs multiniveaux modulaires (MMCs).Tout d’abord, notre attention se focalise sur l'énergie stockée en interne dans le MMC qui constitue un degré de liberté additionnel apporté par sa topologie complexe. Afin d’en tirer le meilleur parti, les limites de l’énergie interne sont formulées mathématiquement.Afin de maîtriser la dynamique de la tension DC, l’utilisation de ce nouveau degré de liberté s’avère d’une grande importance. Par conséquent, une nouvelle de stratégie de commande, nommée «Virtual Capacitor Control», est proposée. Cette nouvelle méthode de contrôle permet au MMC de se comporter comme s’il possédait un condensateur de taille réglable aux bornes, contribuant ainsi à l’atténuation des fluctuations de la tension DC.Enfin, la portée de l’étude est étendue au réseau MTDC. L'un des défis majeurs pour un tel système est de faire face à une perte soudaine d'une station de convertisseur qui peut entraîner une grande variation de la tension du système. A cet effet, la méthode de statisme de tension est la plus couramment utilisée. Cependant, l'analyse montre que l'action de contrôle souhaitée risque de ne pas être réalisée lorsque la marge disponible de réserve de puissance du convertisseur est insuffisante. Nous proposons donc une nouvelle structure de contrôle de la tension qui permet de fournir différentes actions en fonction du signe de l'écart de la tension suite à une perturbation, associée à un algorithme qui détermine les paramètres de statisme en tenant compte du point de fonctionnement et de la réserve disponible à chaque stationThe scope of this thesis includes control and management of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC).At first, our focus is paid on the internally stored energy, which is the important additional degree of freedom brought by the complex topology of MMC. In order to draw out the utmost of this additional degree of freedom, an in-depth analysis of the limits of this internally stored energy is carried out, and they are mathematically formulated.Then, this degree of freedom of the MMC is used to provide a completely new solution to improve the DC voltage dynamics. A novel control strategy, named Virtual Capacitor Control, is proposed. Under this control, the MMC behaves as if there were a physical capacitor whose size is adjustable. Thus, it is possible to virtually increase the equivalent capacitance of the DC grid to mitigate the DC voltage fluctuations in MTDC systems.Finally, the scope is extended to MMC-based MTDC grid. One of the crucial challenges for such system is to cope with a sudden loss of a converter station which may lead to a great variation of the system voltage. The voltage droop method is commonly used for this purpose. The analysis shows that the desired control action may not be exerted when the available headroom of the converter stations are insufficient. We thus propose a novel voltage droop control structure which permits to provide different actions depending on the sign of DC voltage deviation caused by the disturbance of system voltage as well as an algorithm that determines the droop parameters taking into account the operating point and the available headroom of each station
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Otto, Abraham Johannes. "Direct current conductor corona modelling and metrology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1497.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Prospects of up-rating existing high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission schemes, as well as the conversion of existing alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) lines and the development of new HVDC schemes in sub-Saharan Africa, have led to renewed interest in DC research. The radio interference (RI), audible noise (AN) and corona loss (CL) performance of HVDC transmission lines are critical factors when assessing the reliability of the line design. The RI performance is especially important when considering the successful transmission of the carrier signal of the power line carrier (PLC) system. The PLC system is the main form of communication between teleprotection devices on the Cahora Bassa HVDC scheme. The aim of the dissertation is to devise modelling as well as metrological techniques to characterise DC conductor corona. A particle-in-cell (PIC) computational code is developed to gain a better understanding of the physical processes that occur during corona events. The numerical code makes use of the charge simulation method (CSM) and nite element method (FEM) to solve for the Laplace and Poisson eld equations. Higher-order basis functions are implemented to obtain a more accurate solution to the Poisson equation. The computational tool yields insight into the mathematical models for the various ionization, attachment and electron avalanche processes that give rise to corona currents. Together with a designed and developed electrometer-type circuit, the numerical code assists the visualisation of the space charge particle dynamics that form in the electrode gap during corona events. The metrological techniques consider the wideband time domain (TD) as well as the frequency domain (FD) information of the measured corona pulses in the presence of noise. These are then compared to the narrowband CISPR standard measurements centred around 500kHz. The importance of impedance matching when attempting to derive a wideband excitation function is investigated. The TD measurements are quite distinct from the well-published FD measurements, and consider the pulse shape, pulse spectrum and pulse repetition rates. The use of three possible conductor corona test methods to study direct current conductor RI performance under both positive and negative polarities is investigated at high altitude in this dissertation. These include a small corona cage, a short test line and the Eskom Megawatt Park large outdoor corona cage. Derived wideband and narrowband monopolar DC RI excitation functions at 500kHz are consolidated with existing radio noise (RN) measurement protocols and prediction methods. The use of a corona cage to derive excitation functions for monopolar RI predictions is explored and it is shown that a small corona cage, due to the build-up of space charge in the small distance between the electrodes, cannot be used to predict the RI levels on HVDC transmission lines accurately. As a consequence of the physics, computational modelling and both frequency and time domain measurements, it is now possible to explain why a small cage system prevents the accurate RI prediction on transmission lines. The large outdoor corona cage and short test line RI performance predictions agree with existing empirical prediction formulas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vooruitsigte van die opgradering van bestaande hoogspanningsgelykstroom transmissielyn skemas, asook die omkering van bestaande wisselstroom na gelykstroom lyne en die ontwikkeling van nuwe hoogspanningsgelykstroom skemas in sub-Sahara Afrika, het gelei to hernude belangstelling in gelykstroomnavorsing. Die korona-werkverrigting van hoogspanningsgelykstroom oorshoofselyne in terme van radiosteuring, hoorbare-geraas en koronaverliese is kritiese faktore om in aanmerking te neem wanneer die betroubaarheid van die lynontwerp geëvalueer word. Die radiosteuring-werkverrigting is veral van belang tot die suksesvolle oordrag van die kraglyndragolf draersein wat die hoof kommunikasievorm tussen beskermingstoerusting op die Cahora Bassa transmissielyn skema is. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is om modellering- sowel as meettegnieke te ontwerp om gelykstroomgeleierkorona te karakteriseer. 'n Partikel-in-sel numeriese kode is ontwikkel om 'n beter begrip te verkry van die siese prosesse gedurende koronagebeure. Die numeriese kode maak gebruik van die lading-simulasiemetode, sowel as die eindige element metode om die Laplace en Poisson veldvergelykings op te los. Hoër-orde basisfunksies is geimplimenteer om 'n meer akkurate oplossing vir die Poisson vergelyking te verkry. Die numeriese kode bied insig tot die wiskundige modelle vir die verskeie ionisasie-, aanhegtings- en lawineprosesse wat lei tot koronastrome in die area om die hoogspanningsgeleier. Die numeriese kode, saam met 'n elektro-meter wat ontwerp en ontwikkel is, dra by tot die begrip van die ruimtelading partikeldinamika wat onstaan in die elektrodegaping gedurende koronagebeure. Die meettegnieke neem die wyeband tydgebied- en frekwensiegebiedinformasie van die koronapulse in ag in die teenwoordigheid van geraas. Dit word dan vergelyk met die nouband CISPR meetstandaard vir 'n frekwensie van 500kHz. Die belangrikheid van impedansie-aanpassing vir wyeband metings met die doel om opwekkingsfunksies af te lei, word ondersoek. Die tydgebiedmetings verskil van die algemene frekwensiegebiedmetings, en ondersoek die pulsvorm, -spektrum en -herhalingskoers. Die gebruik van drie moontlike koronageleier-toetsmetodes om gelykstroom radiosteurings-werkverrigting vir positiewe en negatiewe polariteite te bestudeer by hoë vlakke bo seespieël word ondersoek in die proefskrif. Dit sluit in 'n klein koronakou, 'n kort toetslyn en die Eskom Megawatt Park groot buitelug-koronakou. Afgeleide wye- en nouband monopolêre gelykstroom radiosteuring opwekkingsfunksies by 500kHz word gekonsolideer met bestaande radioruis metingsprotokolle en voorspellingsmetodes. Die gebruik van 'n koronakou om opwekkingsfunksies af te lei vir monopolêre radiosteuringvoorspellings is ondersoek en daar is gevind dat 'n klein koronakou nie gebruik kan word om radiosteuringvlakke op hoogspanningsgelykstroom transmissielyne akkuraat te voorspel nie. Dit is as gevolg van die opbou van ruimtelading in die klein elektrodegaping. Met behulp van die sika, numeriese modellering en beide die frekwensie- en tydgebiedmetings, is dit nou moontlik om te verklaar waarom die klein koronakou die akkurate radiosteuringvoorspellings op transmissielyne onmoontlik maak. Die groot buitelug-koronakou en kort toetslyn radiosteuringvoorspellings stem ooreen met bestaande empiriese voorspellings formules.
Books on the topic "High-voltage DC transmission"
1
Zhou, Hao, Wenqian Qiu, Ke Sun, Jiamiao Chen, Xu Deng, Feng Qian, Dongju Wang, et al., eds. Ultra-high Voltage AC/DC Power Transmission. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54575-1.
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Li, Sha, Feng Qian, Jiyuan Li, Hao Zhou, Wenqian Qiu, Ke Sun, Jiamiao Chen, et al. Ultra-high Voltage AC/DC Power Transmission. Springer, 2019.
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Li, Sha, Feng Qian, Jiyuan Li, Hao Zhou, Wenqian Qiu, Ke Sun, Jiamiao Chen, et al. Ultra-high Voltage AC/DC Power Transmission. Springer, 2018.
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Jovcic, Dragan. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2019.
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Jovcic, Dragan. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2019.
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Ahmed, Khaled, and Dragan Jovcic. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Ahmed, Khaled, and Dragan Jovcic. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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8
Jovcic, Dragan. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2019.
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Ahmed, Khaled, and Dragan Jovcic. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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High Voltage Direct Current Transmission: Converters, Systems and DC Grids. Wiley & Sons Canada, Limited, John, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "High-voltage DC transmission"
1
Ölçer, Ercan, Bülent Karagöz, Hasan Dinçer, Engin Özdemir, and Ercüment Karakaş. "Fuzzy logic control of high voltage DC transmission system." In Computational Intelligence Theory and Applications, 492–500. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62868-1_142.
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"High Power DC/DC Converters and DC Power-Flow Controlling Devices." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 362–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch27.
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"DC Grid Fault Management and DC Circuit Breakers." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 339–61. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch26.
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"DC Grid Control." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 324–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch25.
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"DC versus AC transmission." In High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, 253–77. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbpo029e_ch10.
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"Introduction to DC Grids." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 301–6. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch22.
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"DC Grids with Line-Commutated Converters." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 307–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch23.
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"Interaction between AC and DC systems." In High Voltage Direct Current Transmission, 129–58. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbpo029e_ch6.
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"VSC HVDC under AC and DC Fault Conditions." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 271–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch20.
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Liu, Zhenya. "Characteristics of UHV DC Transmission System." In Ultra-High Voltage Ac/dc Grids, 95–132. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802161-3.00003-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "High-voltage DC transmission"
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Mohaupt, P., and P. Derks. "Challenges in high voltage and ultra high voltage AC and DC field testing." In IET Conference on Reliability of Transmission and Distribution Networks (RTDN 2011). IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0521.
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Duan, J., Z. Qi, H. Li, and Z. Li. "Review of transmission line protection in AC/DC hybrid system." In 22nd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0446.
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Jovcic, D., and M. H. Hedayati. "DC Chopper Based Test Circuit for High Voltage DC Circuit Breakers." In 13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2017.0030.
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Mendik, M., S. M. Lowder, and F. Elliott. "Long term performance verification of high voltage DC GIS." In 1999 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference (Cat. No. 99CH36333). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdc.1999.756101.
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Adam, G. P., S. J. Finney, B. W. Williams, D. R. Trainer, C. D. M. Oates, and D. R. Critchley. "Network fault tolerant voltage-source-converters for high-voltage applications." In 9th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0985.
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Li, Wei, Bo Zhang, Jinliang He, Rong Zeng, and Shuiming Chen. "Ion Flow Field Calculation of Multi-circuit DC Transmission Lines." In 2008 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2008.4773862.
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Sun, Pingyang, Harith R. Wickramasinghe, and Georgios Konstantinou. "An LCC-AAC Hybrid High-voltage DC Transmission System." In 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC2020-ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipemc-ecceasia48364.2020.9367720.
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Wang, Z., N. Wang, B. Li, L. Li, T. Wei, W. Li, and D. Xu. "A capacitive energy transfer high voltage DC/DC converter with active filtering arms." In 18th International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2022). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.1264.
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Gowaid, I. A., G. P. Adam, B. W. Williams, A. M. Massoud, and S. Ahmed. "A DC autotransformer design for medium and high voltage DC transmission systems." In 2018 IEEE 12th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpe.2018.8372549.
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Yushu Zhang, G. P. Adam, T. C. Lim, S. J. Finney, and B. W. Williams. "Voltage source converter in high voltage applications: multilevel versus two-level converters." In 9th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0995.
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