Journal articles: 'High-voltage DC transmission'

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Grad, P. "High power [high voltage DC power transmission]." Engineering & Technology 3, no. 9 (May 24, 2008): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et:20080907.

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Hingorani, N. G. "High-voltage DC transmission: a power electronics workhorse." IEEE Spectrum 33, no. 4 (April 1996): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.486634.

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Chen, Meng, Yan Li, Jinyang Bai, Gang Feng, Yujin Peng, and Jiangzhen Guo. "Overview of High-voltage Large-capacity DC Transformer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2166, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2166/1/012015.

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Abstract DC transformer is the core equipment to realize the convergence and transmission of new energy such as solar energy, wind energy, etc. It also plays a key role in the construction of large-scale DC power grid in the future. Therefore, DC transformer has a broad application prospects in the future energy Internet era. This paper briefly summarizes the current research on DC transformer at home and abroad, and also summarizes the current research on DC transformer in the future. On the basis of the basic principle of decomposing DC transformers, the characteristics and applications of common DC transformers are classified and the problems to be solved are summarized.

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Lai, Yiyang, and Zengping Wang. "Stability Control of Flexible High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Based on DC Circuit Breaker Protection." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3205.

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In order to control the stable operation of flexible DC transmission system and ensure the uninterrupted power supply of flexible DC transmission system, the stability control method of flexible DC transmission system based on DC circuit breaker protection is studied. Taking support vector machine as the basic classifier, the two parameters of support vector machine classifier and support vector machine classifier are optimized by bird swarm algorithm, The sample weight is adjusted in real time according to the classification error of support vector machine classifier; The corresponding kernel function is selected and the bird swarm algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters; Through the fault location method of flexible DC transmission system based on wemtr, the fault location of flexible DC transmission line is realized; According to the fault location of flexible DC transmission system, the optimal coordination strategy of DC circuit breaker based on protection line is adopted to realize the stability control of flexible DC transmission system. The simulation results show that this method can realize the stability control of flexible DC transmission in a short time. Under the control of this method, the fluctuation amplitude of voltage and current of flexible DC transmission system becomes smaller, which has application value.

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Erat, Abdurrahim, and Ahmet Mete Vural. "DC/DC Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Interconnection: A Comprehensive Review." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2687243.

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High voltage direct current (HVDC) technology is a key component in power systems owing to huge benefits such as long-distance power transmission, lower losses, asynchronous grid interconnections, controllability, system availability, and limited short-circuit currents. HVDC transmission is a cost-effective method of transporting huge amounts of power across long distances with little loss. It can also link asynchronous alternative current (AC) networks while balancing the grid. DC/DC converters are one of the most important components for HVDC power transmission, and DC/DC modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are the backbone of HVDC grid interconnections. The DC/DC MMC is a highly regarded converter architecture for medium/high-voltage DC grid interconnection. DC/DC MMC topologies play a key role in modern HVDC networks with varying voltage levels. This paper’s fundamental aim is to offer a recent comprehensive review of HVDC topologies, current DC/DC modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies for HVDC interconnection, and DC/DC MMC control techniques.

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Li, Yuye, Kaipei Liu, Xiaobing Liao, Shu Zhu, and Qing Huai. "A Virtual Impedance Control Strategy for Improving the Stability and Dynamic Performance of VSC–HVDC Operation in Bidirectional Power Flow Mode." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153184.

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It is a common practice that one converter controls DC voltage and the other controls power in two-terminal voltage source converter (VSC)–based high voltage DC (HVDC) systems for AC gird interconnection. The maximum transmission power from a DC-voltage-controlled converter to a power-controlled converter is less than that of the opposite transmission direction. In order to increase the transmission power from a DC-voltage-controlled converter to a power-controlled converter, an improved virtual impedance control strategy is proposed in this paper. Based on the proposed control strategy, the DC impedance model of the VSC–HVDC system is built, including the output impedance of two converters and DC cable impedance. The stability of the system with an improved virtual impedance control is analyzed in Nyquist stability criterion. The proposed control strategy can improve the transmission capacity of the system by changing the DC output impedance of the DC voltage-controlled converter. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy has better dynamic performance than traditional control strategies.

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Ndlela, Nomihla Wandile, and Innocent Ewean Davidson. "Network Coordination between High-Voltage DC and High-Voltage AC Transmission Systems Using Flexible AC Transmission System Controllers." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197402.

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The strategic intent of the African Union is to develop a “Smart Integrated African Electric Power Super Grid” driven by modern tools and advances in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) engineering and flexible alternating current technology systems (FACTS), which is central in supporting Africa’s sustained economic growth and development. The southern African region, including South Africa, is beset by the critical challenges of perennial load-shedding, which impedes economic growth and aggravates unemployment. This has led to the insecurity of electricity supplies and degraded the quality of life. The parallel operation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and flexible AC technology systems (FACTS) controllers is gaining traction as system conditions become more complex, such as weak power networks which requires increased stability requirements, resulting in load-shedding and power outages. These adversely affect business productivity and adversely affect GDP and economic growth. Thus, the application of innovative technologies such as HVDC links can stabilize weak power systems. It is established that HVDC delivery systems reduce losses in long transmission lines transporting bulk power compared with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission lines for power wheeling. This paper evaluates the parallel operation of the Cahora Bassa 1414 km bipolar HVDC link and a weak parallel 400/330 kV alternating current (AC) link. It demonstrates the use of FACTS controllers to enhance the technical performance of an existing network, such as voltage control, and technical loss reduction. It combines an HVDC line commutated converter (LCC) and HVAC transmission lines, in hybrid notation to increase the voltage stability of the system by controlling the reactive power with a Static Var Compensator (SVC). These modern tools can increase the transmission power controllability and stability of the power network. In this study, HVDC–LCC was used with a setpoint of 1000 MW in conjunction with the 850 MVAr SVC. The results show that the technical losses were reduced by 0.24% from 84.32 MW to 60.32 MW as Apollo 275 kV SVC was utilized for voltage control. The network analysis was performed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software that is manufactured by DIgSILENT GmbH at Gomaringen, Germany

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Zhou, Shijia, Fei Rong, Zhangtao Yin, Shoudao Huang, and Yuebin Zhou. "HVDC Transmission Technology of Wind Power System with Multi-Phase PMSG." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123294.

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The high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission technology of wind power system, with multi-phase permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) is proposed in this paper. Each set of three-phase winding of the multi-phase PMSG was connected to a diode rectifier. The output of the diode rectifier was connected by several parallel isolated DC–DC converters. Each DC–DC converter was connected to a sub-module (SM). All SMs and two inductors were connected in a series. The proposed wind power system has several advantages including, transformerless operation, low cost, low voltage stress, and high fault tolerance. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and energy balance of the DC–DC converters were achieved by controlling the duty cycles of the DC–DC converters. The HVDC transmission was achieved by the nearest level control (NLC) with voltage sorting. The simulation model with 18-phase PMSG was established. Experimental results were also studied based on RT-Lab.

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Meridji, Tayeb, Frida Ceja-Gomez, Jose Restrepo, and Ramy Azar. "High-Voltage dc Conversion: Boosting Transmission Capacity in the Grid." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 17, no. 3 (May 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2019.2896689.

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Li, Hui. "Impact of variable DC reactors in voltage-source converter based multi-terminal high-voltage DC transmission systems." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 16 (March 1, 2019): 1816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8686.

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Zhou, Jenny Zheng, and Aniruddha M. Gole. "Rationalisation and validation of dc power transfer limits for voltage sourced converter based high voltage DC transmission." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 6 (April 21, 2016): 1327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0801.

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Yao, Xue Ling, Tian Yu Lin, and Jing Liang Chen. "Research for High-Voltage Nanosecond Rectangular Pulse Generator." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1691.

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In order to calibrate the response characteristic of voltage dividers, the article presents a potable high-voltage nanosecond rectangular pulse generator based on the transmission-line theory. The generator consists of DC high-voltage source, pulse forming line (PFL), special high-voltage switch, pulse transmission line (PTL), resistive load and coaxial voltage divider. The compact charging and discharging circuit is developed coaxially and the interference proof performance is excellent. The voltage amplitude and the pulse width can vary from the output of the DC high-voltage source and the length of PFL respectively. In the article the theory of pulse forming process, the design and the key devices of the generator are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results demonstrate that the generator can meet the measurement demands and export well-defined rectangular pulses with the rise time less than 751.738ps and the voltage amplitude up to 2kV.

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He, Xing Qi. "Blocking Analysis of HVDC Caused by DC Voltage Divider with OPDL System." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.993.

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A blocking accident was described which was caused by the architectural design bug of high-voltage direct current voltage divider. The bug of DC voltage divider architecture design was pointed out through the analysis, and the appropriate solutions for the similar bug or hidden trouble in high-voltage DC transmission system was proposed.

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Kharal, Kumail, Chang-Hwan Kim, Chulwon Park, Jae-Hyun Lee, Chang-Gi Park, Se Lee, and Sang-Bong Rhee. "A Study for the Measurement of the Minimum Clearance Distance between the 500 kV DC Transmission Line and Vegetation." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102606.

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High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is being widely implemented for long-distance electrical power transmission due to its specific benefits over high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission. Most transmission lines pass through forests. Around the HVDC lines, an arc to a nearby tree may be produced. Thus, there should be a minimum possible clearance distance between a live conductor and a nearby tree, named the minimum vegetation clearance distance (MVCD), to avoid short-circuiting. Measurement of minimum clearance distance between the conductor and trees is a significant challenge for a transmission system. In the case of HVAC transmission, a large amount of research has been undertaken in the form of the Gallet equation for the measurement of this distance, whereas for HVDC transmission no substantial work has been done. An equivalent AC voltage value can be derived from the DC voltage value in order to use the Gallet equation. This paper presents an experimental measurement technique for determining the MVCD at 500 kV to verify the results obtained from the Gallet equation in the case of DC voltage. Performing the experiment with a 500 kV DC line is not possible in the laboratory due to safety concerns. Therefore, an experiment up to 60 kV is conducted to measure the MVCD for DC voltage. The measured results achieved from the experiment are then extrapolated to calculate the MVCD at 500 kV.

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Han, Zhilu, Guangzhu Wang, Yuhui Liu, and Wenjie Guo. "High Step-Up Resonant DC–DC Converter With Resonant Network for Electrical Collection Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012012.

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Abstract The efficiency of renewable energy electrical collection can be effectively improved by adopting the high voltage direct current (HVDC) electrical collection method. The low-voltage DC power is stepped up to the high-voltage level for HVDC transmission by one-stage step-up type, which can reduce the cost of high-voltage large-capacity DC-DC converters. However, the high cost of DC-DC converters which can achieve high step-up ratio, such as modular multilevel converter (MMC), limits the development of the one-stage step-up type. In this paper, a low-cost DC-DC converter with high step-up ratio which can realize the bidirectional flow of energy is proposed. The total step-up ratio is the product of high-frequency transformer ratio, resonant network gain and step-up ratio of voltage doubler rectifier circuit. Meanwhile, the direct power factor control (DPFC) strategy is proposed based on the idea of controlling active power to achieve the goal of controlling output voltage. Finally, the step-up ratio of the DC-DC converter can reach 160 times, and realize zero-voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on of the switches and zero-current switching (ZCS) turn-off of the diodes.

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Ju, Chang Bin, Wei Feng, Huan Wang, and Hong Hua Xu. "Research on the High Voltage DC Grid-Connected Converter Based on Photovoltaic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1897.

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With the rapid development of the VSC-HVDC Power transmission and distribution grid demonstration projects, the technology of the DC transmission once again becomes a research focus. In order to meet the needs of accessing VSC-HVDC power grid of Photovoltaic power generation, the topologies suitable for photovoltaic high voltage DC grid-connected converter was analyzed, the program based on the dual-module combination of full-bridge topology structure was proposed, a detailed control strategy using dual-loop of voltage and current loops was given, and finally a 12kW simulation model to verifying the system topology and control strategy was constructed using PSIM. The simulation results show that the PV high voltage DC grid-connected converter has a good dynamic response and steady state performance.

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Seenivasan, Dr S. "Step response of Rectifier DC Current Controller and Inverter DC Current-Voltage-Extinction Angle Controllers in a Current Source Converter Based HVDC Transmission Link Connected to a Strong Inverter Side AC system." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39998.

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Abstract: Transmission of electrical energy with High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) has provided the electric power industry with a dominant means to transmit huge quantity of electricity over very long distances. To investigate the performance, a welldeveloped current source converter based HVDC transmission system model is projected, in which the AC system represented as damped LLR equivalent and is equipped with double tuned harmonic filter to mitigate the AC-DC harmonics and the DC system is secured with rectifier current control, inverter current control, voltage control and inverter extinction angle control. The MATLAB/Simulink based simulation results validate the step response of HVDC transmission system with various controllers. Keywords: HVDC transmission systems, double tuned filter, Rectifier DC Current Control, Inverter DC Current-Voltage - Extinction Angle Control, Step response.

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Hasanzadeh, Saeed, Seyed Salehi, Ehsan Najafi, and Farinaz Horri. "High voltage gain resonant DC-DC converter with vm cells for renewable sources applications." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2201001h.

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Due to the widespread impact of renewable energy resources on high power density grids, transmission at the DC regime has been considered more useful than AC transmission systems. The findings of this study suggest the application of a ripple-free input current resonant DC-DC converter possessing high voltage gain and high efficiency as being more suitable for renewable energy systems. Applying variable switching frequency control systems, the proposed converter discussed here is generally operated at the critical conduction mode for soft switching of the semiconductor switches. Using the resonance mechanism, the proposed converter causes a decrease in the turn-on loss of the power switch without needing additional semiconductor gadgets. It leads to a reduction in the reverse-recovery losses of the rectifying diodes. Also, analysis and design consideration of the proposed converter are presented with excellent performance.

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D.Srinivasa Rao & Dr. Anupama A. Deshpande. "DAB Based DC-DC High Frequency Link PET for Interconnecting MVDC-LVDC Grids." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 05 (May 27, 2021): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0705028.

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This paper proposes dual active bridge (DAB) based high frequency power electronic transformer (PET) for interconnecting medium voltage dc (MVDC) and low voltage dc (LVDC) grids for dc power distribution. The above proposed concept works on dual active phase shift principle and square wave HF modulation technique for bidirectional power transfer. Compared to the traditional dc transformer scheme, The proposed power electronic transformer (PET) can disconnect from LVDC distribution grid effectively as a dc breaker when a short circuit fault occurs in the distribution grid. The isolated DC-DC PET topology with a wide range of voltage conversion ratio is useful for High Voltage DC tapping. The DAB based on switched capacitor is connected to the medium voltage DC side and acts as an inverter. The proposed topology has the ability to transfer higher power, and lower circulating power, lower high frequency link voltage, and RMS current and peak values with the same transmission power in the MVDC side. This paper analyzes the topology, voltage and power characterization, control strategy in detail. Increase in the intermediate AC frequency will reduce the size of the transformer and other passive elements significantly in the circuit. The theoretical analysis is supported by MATLAB simulation.

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Yang, Zhichao, Bingtuan Gao, and Zeyu Cao. "Optimal Current Allocation Strategy for Hybrid Hierarchical HVDC System with Parallel Operation of High-Voltage and Low-Voltage DC Lines." Processes 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030579.

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For long-distance and bulk-power delivery of new energy, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) is a more effective way than high-voltage alternative current (HVAC). In view of the current capacity disparity between line commutated converter (LCC) and voltage source converter (VSC), a hybrid hierarchical HVDC topology with parallel operation of 800 kV and 400 kV DC lines is investigated. The optimal current allocation method for hybrid hierarchical HVDC is proposed distinct from the same rated current command configuration method of high-voltage and low-voltage converters in traditional topology. Considering the transmission loss reduction of the HVDC system, a multi-order fitting function of transmission loss including LCC converter stations, VSC converter stations and DC lines is established. To minimize the transmission loss and the voltage deviation of key DC nodes comprehensively, a multi-objective genetic algorithm and maximum satisfaction method are utilized to obtain the optimal allocation value of rated current command for high-voltage and low-voltage converters. Through the optimization model, an improved constant current controller based on the current allocation strategy is designed. The hybrid hierarchical HVDC system model is built in PSCAD software, and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology and optimal current allocation strategy.

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Roy, Shalini, and Rahul Pandey. "High Conversion Ratio Converter Using Half-Bridge Sub-Modules." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences 4, no. 5 (September 28, 2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2020.v04i05.020.

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An appreciable and significant assess of consideration and mindset is currently growing up for power dc-dc converters and its further more consideration is taken towards adoption of Modular-Multilevel Converters (MMC). The paper presents a transformer less MMC by the means of superior and advanced conversion ratio for higher dc-dc power conversion. This converter is being capable of utilized mutually for both the Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) transmission systems and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, due to its some remarkable distinctive attributes such as modular design, scalability, consistency, tolerance of failures, larger step up and step down ratio and lowers filtering requirements. The MMC idea connects N low voltage sub-modules in sequence to produce a high voltage output. Thus there is no complex control algorithm necessary to stabilize or balance the voltages in every sub-module. Thus the simulation and analysis of a MMC design connected with stray inductances in order to reduce losses is done with an instance of 11-times stepping up ratio.

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Lee, Chun-Kwon, Gyu-Sub Lee, and Seung-Jin Chang. "Solution to Fault of Multi-Terminal DC Transmission Systems Based on High Temperature Superconducting DC Cables." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051292.

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In this paper, we developed the small-signal state-space (SS) model of hybrid multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems and fault localization method in a failure situation. The multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system is composed of two wind farm side voltage-source converters (VSCs) and two grid side line-commutated converters (LCCs). To utilize relative advantages of the conventional line-commutated converter (LCC) and the voltage source converter (VSC) technologies, hybrid multi-terminal high-voltage direct-current (MTDC) technologies have been highlighted in recent years. For the models, grid side LCCs adopt distinct two control methods: master–slave control mode and voltage droop control mode. By utilizing root-locus analysis of the SS models for the hybrid MTDC system, we compare stability and responses of the target system according to control method. Furthermore, the proposed SS models are utilized in time-domain simulation to illustrate difference between master–slave control method and voltage droop control method. However, basic modeling method for hybrid MTDC system considering superconducting DC cables has not been proposed. In addition, when a failure occurs in MTDC system, conventional fault localization method cannot detect the fault location because the MTDC system is a complex form including a branch point. For coping with a failure situation, we propose a fault localization method for MTDC system including branch points. We model the MTDC system based on the actual experimental results and simulate a variety of failure scenarios. We propose the fault localization topology on a branch cable system using reflectometry method. Through the simulation results, we verify the performance of fault localization. In conclusion, guidelines to select control method in implementing hybrid MTDC systems for integrating offshore wind farms and to cope with failure method are provided in this paper.

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Hussain, Mukhtar, and Tayyab Imran. "Simulation of Pulsed High Voltage DC Source And Blumlein Transmission Line." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 09, no. 01 (January 2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4861-0901013033.

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Wei, Xiong, Zhang Bihua, Zou Yu, and Ren Qiaolin. "High-voltage DC Transmission System Model Research Based on SIMULINK Software." International Journal of Control and Automation 9, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.7.01.

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Majumder, R., C. Bartzsch, P. Kohnstam, E. Fullerton, A. Finn, and W. Galli. "Magic Bus: High-Voltage DC on the New Power Transmission Highway." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 10, no. 6 (November 2012): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2012.2212605.

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Fan, Rui, Jianming Lian, Karanjit Kalsi, and Marcelo Elizondo. "Impact of Cyber Attacks on High Voltage DC Transmission Damping Control." Energies 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11051046.

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Elizondo, Marcelo A., Rui Fan, Harold Kirkham, Malini Ghosal, Felipe Wilches-Bernal, David Schoenwald, and Jianming Lian. "Interarea Oscillation Damping Control Using High-Voltage DC Transmission: A Survey." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 33, no. 6 (November 2018): 6915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2832227.

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V.Sudarsan, M., Ch Saibabu, and S. Satyanarayana. "Modeling and analysis of a hybrid boost DC-DC converter for distributed generation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.9978.

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As the power generating stations are located very far from the load centers, there is a necessity to transmit the power through the long transmission lines. The transmission efficiency and voltage profile are poor, due to the large amount of line losses and voltage drop. Thus to improve its performance, the generation of the power has to be done at the vicinity of load centers and is possible through the distributed generation (DG). The DG system consists of a boost converter which increases the dc input voltage obtained from an array of PV cells arranged on the solar panels.In this paper, the hybrid boost converter which is a high gain step-up dc-dc converter is modeled and analyzed for DG applications. The gain of this hybrid converter is D (duty ratio) times more than the normal boost converter and posses the advantages like less ripple current and high efficiency. Also the dynamic performance of the converters is compared in both open and closed loops from the simulation work carried out in MATLAB / Simulink environment.

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Chen, Xiaolong, Xiaoqing Qi, Yongli Li, Bin Li, and Botong Li. "A Calculation Method of DC Current Reference Value for Suppressing Commutation Failure in LCC-HVDC System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2301, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2301/1/012024.

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Abstract Line commutated converter based high voltage direct current (LCC-HVDC) transmission system is prone to suffer commutation failure, which can lead to the increase of DC current and the interruption of DC transmission power. Furthermore, the increase of DC current might lead to subsequent commutation failure. Based on the reactive power balance of the inverter AC bus, this paper studies the functional relationship between DC current and commutation voltage. The DC current reference value is obtained by using the DC current acquired from the above functional relationship, and combining with the DC current order given by voltage dependent current order limiter (VDCOL). This calculation method can adjust the DC current reference value in time according to the commutation voltage, thus limiting the increase of DC current. In order to verify the commutation failure suppression ability of the proposed method, several simulations are conducted based on CIGRE benchmark HVDC model in PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only suppress commutation failure successfully, but also improve the fault recovery performance of the LCC-HVDC system.

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Filipović-Grčić, Dalibor, Božidar Filipović-Grčić, Igor Žiger, Danijel Krajtner, Danijel Brezak, and Rajko Gardijan. "Temperature rise and DC current capability tests of star-point reactor used in HVDC transmission." Journal of Energy - Energija 67, no. 2 (June 2, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/201867281.

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Star-point reactors are grounding devices installed in HVDC stations between the converter transformer secondary side and AC side of converter arms to provide a reference to ground. Such reactors are used as high-impedance grounding on the converter side of power transformers, providing high impedance path for the fundamental harmonic (i.e. 50 or 60 Hz) and a low impedance path for DC current, eliminating DC current flowing through the transformer windings. Temperature rise and DC current capability tests of 420 kV star-point reactor are presented in this paper. The purpose of temperature rise test is to verify that temperatures that can damage the insulation of star-point reactor will not be reached with the specified service conditions. The temperature rise test was carried out according to the requirements of the IEC 61869-3 standard and client’s request which included simultaneous application of fundamental, 3rd harmonic voltage and DC excitation. The inclusion of 3rd harmonic excitation of an amplitude up to 15% simulates voltage harmonic distortion which may appear in the power system at the location of star-point reactor installation. Prior to temperature rise test, DC current capability test was performed. The goal of this test is to determine the value of DC current at which the saturation point is reached. DC current is injected through star-point reactor while AC voltage is applied. Two different cases are considered regarding AC voltage: test with fundamental voltage harmonic and test with fundamental voltage harmonic with superimposed third voltage harmonic. Test circuit is proposed which is suitable for generation of complex voltages composed of fundamental harmonic and superimposed third harmonic with amplitudes up to 15% of the applied fundamental harmonic. The proposed test circuit was also used during the temperature rise test and it is applicable for testing of HV equipment with rated voltage up to 420 kV.

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Tao, Ran, Jingpeng Yue, Zhenlin Huang, Ranran An, Zou Li, and Junfeng Liu. "A High-Gain DC Side Converter with a Ripple-Free Input Current for Offshore Wind Energy Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 11574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811574.

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Considering that the distance between offshore wind farms and onshore converters is getting farther and farther, dc transmission becomes increasingly more applicable than conventional ac transmission. To reduce the transmission loss, a feasible solution is using a high-gain dc/dc converter to boost the rectified output voltage to thousands of volts. Thus, a novel single-switch high-gain dc/dc converter with a ripple-free input current is presented in this paper. The structure consists of two cells—a coupled-inductor cell and a switched-capacitor cell. The coupled-inductor cell in the proposed converter provides a ripple-free input current. The switched-capacitor cell provides a high voltage gain. The converter has a simple control strategy due to the use of a single switch. Moreover, the output capacitor is charged and discharged continuously by a 180° phase shift to eliminate the output voltage ripple. A steady-state analysis of the converter is proposed to determine the parameters of the devices. In addition, a 240 W, 40/308 V laboratory prototype at 35 kHz switching frequency has been developed, in which the input current ripple is only 1.1% and a peak efficiency of 94.5% is reached. The experimental results verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed topology.

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Musasa, Kabeya, Nnamdi I. Nwulu, Michael N. Gitau, and Ramesh C. Bansal. "Review on DC collection grids for offshore wind farms with high‐voltage DC transmission system." IET Power Electronics 10, no. 15 (December 2017): 2104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0182.

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Guo, Yanxun, Zhuang Xu, Yaoqiang Wang, Xiaomei Yao, and Jun Liang. "A nonunit two-stage protection scheme for DC transmission lines in high-voltage DC grids." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 146 (March 2023): 108742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108742.

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Ayiad, Motaz, Helder Leite, and Hugo Martins. "State Estimation for Hybrid VSC Based HVDC/AC Transmission Networks." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184932.

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As the integration of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems on modern power networks continues to expand, challenges have appeared in different fields of the network architecture. In the Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) field, software and toolboxes are expected to be modified to meet the new network characteristics. Therefore, this paper presents a unified Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation algorithm suitable for hybrid HVDC/AC transmission systems, based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The mathematical formulas of the unified approach are derived for modelling the AC, DC and converter coupling components. The method couples the AC and DC sides of the converter through power and voltage constraints and measurement functions. Two hybrid power system test cases have been studied to validate this work, a 4-AC/4-DC/4-AC network and Cigre B4 DC test case network. Furthermore, comparison between the fully decentralized state estimation and the unified method is provided, which indicated an accuracy improvement and error reduction.

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Zhang, Feng, Zhifeng Zhang, Sa Xiao, Kai Xie, Jiawei Ni, Haolun Gu, Yong Wu, Yang Ning, and Qingchao Xia. "Design and Implementation for the High Voltage DC-DC Converter of the Subsea Observation Network." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070712.

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The subsea observation network has become an indispensable means of ocean exploration worldwide. However, the scale of the subsea observation network is limited by the power supply voltage and power level. Hence, to promote the development of a subsea observation network, this paper investigates the underwater high voltage DC-DC converter (HVC), which greatly improves the voltage and power level of the subsea observation network. The traditional series-parallel converter based on multi-module is faced with many technical problems, such as difficult transformer isolation, many fault points, low power density under higher input voltage level, and higher output power. The subsea HVC of this paper adopts a modular multilevel resonant DC-DC converter. The main circuit of HVC is designed in detail, including a module circuit, a resonant circuit, and a control scheme. Through the combination of the sub-module removal voltage regulation and closed-loop control, the converter can still output a stable voltage of 375 V when the input voltage changes. The modular sub-module and centralized transformer structure enables the converter to isolate high voltage easily, small volume, and high power density. The simulation and experiment results show the proposed HVC meets the design requirements and has good application prospects. It can be applied to submarine power transmission and distribution needs because of its wide range, large transformation ratio, and high efficiency.

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Ardhenta, Lunde, and Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto. "Application of direct MRAC in PI controller for DC-DC boost converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp851-858.

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<p>Almost all electronic components require a DC power supply at present days. The needs of DC power supplies from low voltage scales, medium voltages such as generators, to high voltage scales for high voltage electricity transmission. The improvement of PI controller performances is presented in this paper. The adaptation gains improve transient response of DC-DC Boost Converter several operating conditions. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) rule is applied as an adaptive mechanism to determine the optimal control parameters in some conditions. The used adaptive control technique is Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC), this method as able to control system in some various input voltage. The proposed method has a stable response and able to reach the model reference smoothly. However, the response of the system has instantaneously overshoot and follows the response back of model reference. The responses of proposed controller have short period of rise time, settling time, and overshoot.</p>

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He, Guoxin, Hongshui Lu, Dongmei Yang, Yonghua Chen, and Wei Du. "Simulation of large-scale energy storage to improve high-voltage DC stability." E3S Web of Conferences 107 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910702008.

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Study on large-scale electrochemical energy storage simulation is carried out in this paper to discuss its feasibility in enhancing the stability of HVDC power transmission, thus providing a reference for large-scale energy storage planning and design in the background of global energy internet. The paper introduces the development status quo of the large-scale energy storage technology, and provides an analysis of the active and inactive power features after HVDC commutation failure by establishing a large-scale energy storage model and a HVDC power transmission system commutation failure model, thereby exploring the configuration feasibility of the large-scale energy storage technology; Then, a simulation analysis is given on the effect of large-scale energy storage on HVDC power transmission fault features; Finally, a prospect was expected towards the application tendency of large-scale energy storage in global energy internet.

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Rafiq, Usman, Ali Faisal Murtaza, Hadeed A. Sher, and Dario Gandini. "Design and Analysis of a Novel High-Gain DC-DC Boost Converter with Low Component Count." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151761.

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In this paper, a novel high-gain DC-DC boost converter with reduced component count is proposed. The converter that is proposed in this paper provides high DC voltage gain, while keeping the overall component count significantly lower in comparison to some similar high voltage gain DC-DC converters presented recently. The proposed converter uses only one power switch, two inductors, two capacitors, and three didoes to achieve high-voltage gain, without a significant compromise on the efficiency. In addition, the proposed design uses small passive component sizes compared to other similar designs of the same power rating. Due to the reduced component count, and hence the small physical size, the proposed converter will find applications in several practical domains, ranging from industrial control embedded systems to the DC transmission bus bars in fully electrical vehicles and renewable energy distribution grids. A 250 Watts prototype of this newly proposed DC-DC boost converter was implemented and simulated using the PSIM simulation tool. The promising simulation results proved the reliable performance of the proposed DC-DC boost converter design.

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Chen, Ping, Lei Wu, and Zhan Tao Zhang. "Study of DC System of UHV Converter Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.531.

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Base on the conclusion of the DC system configuration of UHV (Ultra-high Voltage) converter substation. Analysis the settings of the 3rd DC power circuit, research on selection of automatic switching device. Provide valuable reference for the design of DC system of substation in DC transmission projects.

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Bae, Jongseok, Sang-Hwa Yi, Woojin Choi, Hyungmo Koo, Keum Cheol Hwang, Kang-Yoon Lee, and Youngoo Yang. "5.8 GHz High-Efficiency RF–DC Converter Based on Common-Ground Multiple-Stack Structure." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153257.

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This paper presents a 5.8 GHz RF–DC converter for high conversion efficiency and high output voltage based on a common-ground and multiple–stack structure. An RF isolation network (RFIN) for the multiple-stack RF–DC converter is proposed to combine the DC output voltage of each stack without separating its RF ground from the DC ground. The RFIN is designed using micro-strip transmission lines on a single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) with a common ground for the bottom plate. A 4-stack RF–DC converter based on a class-F voltage doubler for each stack was implemented to verify the proposed RFIN for the multiple-stack and common-ground structure. The performances of the implemented 4-stack RF–DC converter were evaluated in comparison to the single-stack converter that was also implemented. The size of the implemented 4-stack RF–DC converter using bare-chip Schottky diodes is 24 mm × 123 mm on a single-layer PCB. For an input power of 21 dBm for each stack of the RF–DC converter with a load resistance of 4 kΩ, a high efficiency of 73.1% and a high DC output voltage of 34.2 V were obtained.

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Wang, Xiao Ming, Qi Zhang, and Bin Qian. "Reactive Power Compensation Method of HVDC Commutation Failure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1510.

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In the high-voltage direct current transmission system, the difference value between the landing phase voltage and DC transmission system commutation failure of the critical voltage drop value, as system occurred in the critical value of commutation failure. When commutation voltage lower than the critical value would reduce arc Angle, caused by commutation failure。Therefore, by using the method of reactive power compensation to keep converter bus voltage stability, can avoid commutation failure.

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Eladawy, Mohamed, Ibrahim A. Metwally, and Naser G. Tarhuni. "DC‐presaturated fault current limiter for high voltage direct current transmission systems." High Voltage 6, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/hve2.12093.

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Hirase, Yuko, Tomoya Takeda, and Kazuki Ohuchi. "Virtual synchronous generator based pole control in high-voltage DC transmission systems." Energy Reports 8 (April 2022): 1073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.11.050.

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Yang, Shihai, Gan Zhou, and Zhinong Wei. "Influence of High Voltage DC Transmission on Measuring Accuracy of Current Transformers." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 72629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2874624.

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Liu, Zehong, Fuxuan Zhang, Jun Yu, Keli Gao, and Weimin Ma. "Research on key technologies in ±1100 kV ultra‐high voltage DC transmission." High Voltage 3, no. 4 (December 2018): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/hve.2018.5023.

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Xia, Xiangyang, Yun Zhou, Chunhui Fu, Zhen Zhou, and Yunjiu He. "Research on high voltage DC transmission system optimal control based on MMC." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 82 (November 2016): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.050.

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Song, Sen, Wei Li, Kai Ni, Hui Xu, Yihua Hu, and Jikai Si. "Modular Multi-Port Ultra-High Power Level Power Converter Integrated with Energy Storage for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102711.

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To connect renewable energy sources (RESs) with a unity-grid, energy storage (ES) systems are essential to eliminate the weather fluctuation effect, and high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is preferred for large-scale RESs power plants due to the merits of low cost and high efficiency. This paper proposes a multi-port bidirectional DC/DC converter consisting of multiple modules that can integrate ES system and HVDC transmission. Thanks to the adoption of three-port converters as submodules (SMs), ES devices, for example, batteries, can be decentralized into SMs and controlled directly by the SMs. Additionally, SMs are connected in a scalable matrix topology, presenting the advantages of flexible power flows, high voltage step-up ratios and low voltage/current ratings of components to satisfy the requirements of HVDC transmission. Furthermore, the control flexibility and fault tolerance capability are increased due to the matrix topology. In this paper, the analysis of the novel modular multi-port converter is introduced, and its functions are verified by the simulation results in PSIM.

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Bai, Xuefeng, Yan Zhang, Chang Xu, Zhuyu Zhao, and Jun Wang. "Two-Stage Research on AC/DC Hybrid High-Voltage Distribution Network Based on Network Reconfiguration and SOP Coordinated Control." Journal of Sensors 2022 (August 27, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2401475.

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DC power grid has the advantages of large power supply capacity, easy access to clean energy, low loss, and easy power control. With the increasing penetration rate of distributed generation and DC load in low-voltage transmission network, the traditional radial AC distribution form develops into AC-DC hybrid form. Large-scale distributed energy access is an important feature of future distribution system. Aiming at the AC-DC hybrid distribution system with soft tie-in switch and voltage source converter, considering the network congestion caused by large-scale access of distributed energy, a two-stage congestion management mechanism is proposed. This strategy solves the congestion problem of AC/DC hybrid transmission network with the help of the power flow control ability of AC/DC transmission network’s own optimization control means and congestion management services provided by distributed energy sources. According to the experiment, the total distributed generation power of DC link is 15 MW, and the load power is 10 MW, that is, the remaining power of DC link is 5 MW, the total distributed generation power of AC link is 8 MW, and the load power is 15 MW, that is, the power shortage of AC link is 7 MW. In the first stage, the tie-in switch, SOP and VSC are coordinated and optimized, and in the second stage, the flexible adjustment ability provided by distributed energy makes up for the deficiency of the adjustment ability of direct control means in some periods of severe congestion and meets the requirements of congestion management of AC-DC hybrid transmission network under high-permeability distributed generation.

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Yang, Mingkai, Yuanyuan Li, Baomin Fang, Xin Zhang, and Chunmeng Chen. "Power grid practice of suppressing transient overvoltage of sending-end system by ultra high voltage direct current control parameters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2310, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2310/1/012036.

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Abstract The transient overvoltage off-grid problem of new energy in the sending-end network has become an important factor limiting the ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission capacity. In this paper, the causes of transient overvoltage during the DC fault process is analysed firstly, then from the perspective of adjusting the reactive power consumption of the converter, taking the Qingyu UHVDC project in China as an actual simulation example, the influence of the DC control mode and current control parameters at the rectifier side on the transient overvoltage is deeply studied. Combined with the transient voltage evaluation results of the actual power grid, guiding suggestions for DC control strategies are given to improve the transmission capacity. The research results have important reference significance for improving the consumption of new energy and the transmission capacity of UHVDC projects.

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Jovcic, Dragan, Guangfu Tang, and Hui Pang. "Adopting Circuit Breakers for High-Voltage dc Networks: Appropriating the Vast Advantages of dc Transmission Grids." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 17, no. 3 (May 2019): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2019.2897408.

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Journal articles on the topic 'High-voltage DC transmission'

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