Academic literature on the topic 'Higher heating value'
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Journal articles on the topic "Higher heating value"
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Malucelli, L. C., G. F. Silvestre, J. Carneiro, E. C. Vasconcelos, M. Guiotoku, C. M. B. F. Maia, and M. A. S. Carvalho Filho. "Biochar higher heating value estimative using thermogravimetric analysis." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 139, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 2215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08597-8.
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Jayaraman, Pavalavana Pandian, Sendhil Kumar Natarajan, and M. Pugazhvadivu. "Estimation of Higher Heating Value of Waste Frying Oil from its Chemical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2432.
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Vegetable oils are considered as substitute for energy production. In this paper, a correlation was developed based on iodine and saponification values of the waste frying oil to estimate its higher heating value. Five samples of waste frying oil were collected, its iodine value and saponification value were measured and the heating values were measured. A correlation by linear regression method was developed and compared with the heating value obtained experimentally. A Comparison was made with other correlations available in the literature. The comparison of higher heating value obtained from new correlation and experiments gave a R2 value of 0.97, error of standard deviation is 0.06 and an average error of 1.86%.
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Mateus, Maria Margarida, João Carlos Bordado, and Rui Galhano dos Santos. "Potential biofuel from liquefied cork – Higher heating value comparison." Fuel 174 (June 2016): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.01.081.
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Wnetrzak, R., D. J. M. Hayes, L. S. Jensen, J. J. Leahy, and W. Kwapinski. "Determination of the Higher Heating Value of Pig Manure." Waste and Biomass Valorization 6, no. 3 (January 30, 2015): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-015-9350-y.
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Górnicki, Krzysztof, Agnieszka Kaleta, and Radosław Winiczenko. "Estimating the higher heating value of forest and agricultural biomass." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015401002.
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The objectives of study were to investigate the ash content, carbon content and the higher heating value and modelling of HHV of forest and agricultural biomass. Five types of biomass were used for the experiments: sunflower husk pellets, wood pellets, straw and hay briquettes, and forest chips. The investigated biomass properties (their average values) change: for ash content between 1.3% (woods pellets) and 7.3% (hay briquettes), for carbon content between 37.4% (forest chips) and 52.0% (wood pellets), for HHV between 14.8 kJ/kg (forest chips) and 20.1 kJ/kg (sunflower husk pellets). Two mathematical models from literature and model proposed by the authors were used to the HHV calculation. The model proposed by the authors gave the best results in determination of sunflower husk pellets HHV.
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Dirgantara, Made, Karelius Karelius, and Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba. "Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat." Risalah Fisika 4, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35895/rf.v4i1.166.
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Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate
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Nakawajana, Natrapee, Jetsada Posom, and Jaruwat Paeoui. "The Prediction of Higher Heating Value, Lower Heating Value and Ash Content of rice Husk Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy." Engineering Journal 22, no. 5 (September 30, 2018): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2018.22.5.45.
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Zhu, Mao Kui, De Fan Qing, and Ai Rui Chen. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Higher Heating Value Biomass Gas Gasifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.38.
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With dry woody particles as fuel and air-steam as gasification agent, the higher heating value biomass gas gasifier used software to simulate the height position h of the steam from the entrance in the gasifier, the steam inlet flow rate Vs and the air inlet flow rate V0. These three parameters impact on the volume concentration of CO, H2 and CH4 and its gas calorific value were analyzed. The orthogonal test were used for design parameters h, Vs and V0, the optimization values of these three parameters were carried out, and test its volume concentration and gas calorific values. Numerical simulation and experimental results showed that when the height position h=180mm, air inlet flow rate V0=0.94m3/h, and steam inlet flow rate Vs=1.30m3/h, the combustion of biomass gas calorific value arrives its top, the value is Q=10.98MJ/m3, which is 114.87% higher than when single gas agent is used.
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Zeng, Qi. "Research on the Heating Value Measurement of Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1884.
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Research has been done on the heating value of ethanol, biodiesel and diesel, and their heating values were measured with oxygen bomb calorimeter, by means of GB/T384-81 national standard. All errors are limited in the range of national standard. Research and calculation results indicate that the heating value of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel decreases with the increasing ratio of ethanol and biodiesel. The calculation value through experimental formula of low heating value is higher than that of experimental measuring. The higher percentage is in the range of 5.7%~7.6%.
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Dirgantara, Made, Novi Kristian, Karelius, and Karelius. "Evaluasi Prediksi Nilai Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Ultimate." Jurnal Jejaring Matematika dan Sains 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jjms.v1i2.218.
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Biomassa merupakan energi terbarukan yang sangat penting, dimana keberadaannya dapat menggantikan bahan bakar fosil baik padat maupun cair. Sebagai bahan bakar tentu perlu adanya analisis-analisis untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kualitas biomassa sehingga kita dapat mengklasifikasikan biomassa yang potensial digunakan sebagai bahan bakar. Nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV) merupakan sifat terpenting dari suatu bahan bakar. Pada umumnya pengukuran nilai kalori menggunakan bomb calorimeter, akan tetapi pengukuran ini memerlukan waktu dan biaya sehingga tidak efektif jika yang dianalisis dalam jumlah banyak. Dalam makalah ini akan dibahas persamaan untuk memprediksi nilai HHV biomassa berdasarkan analisis ultimate yang di dapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Empat prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan 15 data komposisi kimia biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan ketepatan untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Persamaan P1 dan P4 terbaik dalam memprediksi nilai HHV berdasarkan data analisis ultimate, dimana masing-masing memprediksi terbaik di lima biomassa. Berdasarkan sumber biomassa, persamaan P1 baik dalam memprediksi hasil perkebunan dan pertanian yang berupa serabut/serat tinggi dengan kadar karbon dan oksigen yang tinggi dan tidak memiliki sulfur. P4 baik dalam memprediksi biomassa hasil sampingan kehutanan dengan karakter tinggi kadar karbon dan oksigen, rendah hydrogen dan oksigen serta memiliki sulfur.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Higher heating value"
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Mikluš, Michal. "Spalné teplo čistírenských kalů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229119.
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The thesis is focused on problems of thermal treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants. The main objective is to establish a formula for calculating higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) of sludge based on its chemical analysis. The work is divided into two main parts: The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of sludge, thermal treatment of sludge, it isn´t omitted higher heating value and lower heating value. The main topic of a practical part is formulation of eguations for HHV and LHV calculation. Chemical analysis of sludge samples were supplied by TÜV NORD Czech s.r.o., together with the values of HHV and LHV. The calculations were verified by the program MINITAB.
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Spadim, Emanuel Rangel. "Desenvolvimento de dispositivo automático para determinação do índice de combustão de briquetes /." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192569.
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Orientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião GuerraResumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento dos briquetes durante a queima, considerando a possibilidade de se aprimorar o índice de combustão de briquetes de biomassa (aqui denominado ICOMa) com o uso de um aplicativo de computador, de forma que esta nova proposta fosse mais sensível às variações dos dados que o ICOM (já existente na literatura), bem como determinar sua taxa de perda de massa em função do tempo de queima. Com esta nova proposta, também era esperado que se percebesse uma correlação entre o ICOMa e o poder calorífico superior da biomassa ensaiada, possibilitando estimar esta grandeza, ainda que de forma aproximada, sem o uso de uma bomba calorimétrica. A fabricação do dispositivo para obtenção do ICOMa foi baseada em trabalhos prévios obtidos na literatura, usando uma balança com porta de comunicação em protocolo RS 232, um termopar tipo K para medição da temperatura e um dispositivo para aquisição automática dos dados, feita por um aplicativo computacional também desenvolvido neste trabalho. Os briquetes usados nos ensaios foram de casca de algodão, toco de eucalipto, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e madeira de pinus, e foram produzidos especificamente para a determinação do ICOMa. O aplicativo atendeu às necessidades do ensaio para obtenção das variáveis relacionadas aos índices de combustão. O ICOMa foi mais sensível que o ICOM na observação da relação entre consumo de massa e geração de calor, e permitiu observar diferenças estatisticamente signific... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the behavior of briquettes during burning, considering the possibility of improving the combustion index of biomass briquettes (here called ICOMa) using a software, so that this new proposal to be more sensitive to data variations than ICOM (already existing in the literature), as well as to determine its mass loss rate as a function of burning time. It was also expected with this new proposal, that a correlation between the ICOMa and the higher heating value of the tested biomass could be perceived, making it possible to estimate this magnitude, albeit approximately, without the use of a bomb calorimeter. The manufacture of the device for obtaining the ICOMa was based on previous work obtained in the literature, using a RS 232 communication port scale, a type K thermocouple for temperature measurement, and a device for automatic data acquisition by a computational application, this one developed in this work. The briquettes used in the tests were cotton bark, eucalyptus stump, sugarcane bagasse, and pinewood, and produced specially for the determination of ICOMa. The computational application met the needs of the test to obtain the variables related to the combustion indexes. The ICOMa was more sensitive than the ICOM in observing the relationship between the mass consumption and heat generation, and show a statistical difference between different temperature curves of the materials, unlike the ICOM. The biggest ICOMa found was 0.97 K.h.g-1, and t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Jones, Alexander M. "Fuel Yield Potential of Field Grown Agave americana L. Based on Water Soluble Carbohydrates, Acid Extractable Carbohydrates, and Enzymatic Digestibility Compared to Other Advanced Biofuel Feedstocks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501173804378294.
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Nakashima, Gabriela Tami. "Use of sugarcane trash for solid biofuel production: physicochemical characterization and influence of storage time." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8955.
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In the sugarcane plantation it was common to use fire to facilitate the cutting and harvesting of sugarcane. However, Law 11,241 / 02 in São Paulo State provides the gradual elimination of this straw burning of sugarcane. The largest producer of sugarcane in Brazil is the São Paulo State, which has about 4.7 million hectares of planted area. It is estimated that one hectare produces about 14 tons of trash. Therefore, the mills have been trying to incorporate this trash in burning with the bagasse for power generation. However, high concentrations of mineral impurities are impossible its use for energy purposes. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of storage time and particle size in the physicochemical characterization of the sugarcane trash. It was used the sugarcane trash inside and outside of the bale collected at different storage time (0, 1 and 2 years). The collected material was separated into four different particle sizes (> 0.420mm, 0.250-0.420mm, < 0.250mm and mix). The analyzes involved particle size distribution, proximate analysis, the high heating value (HHV), the chemical analysis of the components of the ashes, the images in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the Klason lignin content, the holocellulose content and extractives. There were variations in the results of the ash content with different particle sizes. It was observed a higher concentration of mineral impurities in smaller particles (< 0.250mm). The HHV varied from 15.9 to 18.3 MJ.kg-1 and showed no statistical difference for the treatments. The results indicate that the sugarcane trash presents problems related to mineral impurities which constrain its use as a solid fuel in the industry. The particle size interferes in their physicochemical characteristics. The trash can be stored in field and the time storage did not affect the quality for use as solid biofuel.
No manejo da cana-de-açúcar era comum a utilização do fogo para facilitar o corte e colheita da cana. No entanto, a Lei 11.241/02 do estado de São Paulo prevê a eliminação gradual da queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar. O maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do Brasil é o estado de São Paulo, que possui aproximadamente 4,7 milhões de hectares de área plantada. É estimado que 1 hectare produza cerca de 14 toneladas de palha. Logo, as usinas vêm tentando incorporar esta palha na queima para geração de energia, juntamente com o bagaço. Porém, as altas concentrações de impurezas minerais estão impossibilitando seu uso para fins energéticos. O trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da influência do tempo de estocagem e da granulometria na caracterização físico-química do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar. Foi utilizado o palhiço de canade-açúcar da superfície e do interior do fardo coletados em diferentes períodos de estocagem, 0, 1 e 2 anos. O material coletado foi separado em 4 granulometrias diferentes (> 0,420mm, 0,250-0,420mm, < 0,250mm e mix). As análises realizadas foram a distribuição granulométrica, a análise imediata, o poder calorífico superior (PCS), a análise química dos componentes das cinzas, as imagens no Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV), o teor de lignina Klason, a holocelulose e os extrativos. Houve variações nos resultados do teor de cinzas com as diferentes granulometrias. Observou-se maior concentração de impurezas minerais nas partículas mais finas (< 0,250mm). O PCS variou entre 15,9 a 18,3 MJ.kg-1 e não apresentou diferença estatística para os tratamentos. Os resultados indicam que a palha de cana-de-açúcar apresenta problemas relacionados às impurezas minerais, que dificultam e restringem seu uso como combustível sólido na indústria. A granulometria da palha interferiu nas suas características físico-químicas. O palhiço pode ser estocado no campo e o tempo de estocagem não interferiu na qualidade para o uso como combustível sólido.
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Hansted, Ana Larissa Santiago. "Biomassa para fins energéticos em uma indústria de painéis de madeira." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9165.
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The bark is a residue that can be used as fuel by industry. One of the problems of the use is the contamination. The purpose of this paper was the physico-chemical characterization of eucalyptus bark used as a fuel in a wood panel industry, relating the high heating value (HHV) with the ash content. Six treatments were provided according to the particle size: T1 (850µm to 425 µm / unwashed), T2 (250 µm / unwashed), T 3 (<150 µm / unwashed), T4 (850µm to 425 µm / washed), T5 (250 µm / washed), T6 (<150 µm / washed). The material was assessed regarding moisture content. The treatments were subjected to HHV and proximate analysis. The ashes were analyzed under SEM - EDS in order to identify the components/contaminants. The data obtained in this study were statistically analyzed using the software R. The material presented moisture content of 70% on a dry basis, which is considered high for use in bioenergy. Contaminants comp onents such as calcium and silica were identified in the ash material. The proximate analysis showed a significant difference among treatments, the ash content presented values from 2.63% (T1) to 13.86% (T3). The process of washing the bark was efficient f or the reduction in ash content only in the particle size <150 µm. The separation in particle size extracts of the bark presented a good technique to reduce the contaminants.
A casca de eucalipto é um resíduo que pode ser usado como combustível pela indústria. Um dos problemas da utilização deste resíduo é a contaminação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização físico - química da casca do eucalipto utilizada como combustível em uma indústria de painéis de madeira reconstituída. Para diminuir os contaminantes, foi feita uma lavagem da casca em água corrente. Foram realizados seis tratamentos de acordo com o tamanho de partícula e processo de lavagem: T1 (850µm a 425µm / não lavado), T2 (250µm / não lavado), T3 (<150µm / não lavado), T4 (850µm a 425µm / lavado), T5 (250µm / lavada), T6 (<150µm / lavada). O material foi avaliado quanto ao teor de umidade no momento da coleta. Os tratamentos foram submetidos a análise química imediata e determinado o poder calorífico superior (PCS). As cinzas foram analisadas em MEV - EDS, a fim de identificar os componentes/contaminantes. Os dados obtidos neste estudo foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o software R. O material apresentou teor de umidade de 70% em base seca, o que é considerado elevado para utilização na bioenergia. Componentes contaminantes, tais como o cálcio e sílica foram identificados nas cinzas do material. A análise química imediata mostrou uma diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, o teor de cinzas apresentou valores de 2,63% (T1) a 13,86% (T3). O processo de lavagem da casca foi eficiente para a redução do teor de cinzas apenas no tamanho de partícula <150µm. A separação da casca em diferentes tamanhos de partículas forneceu resultados satisfatórios para redução dos contaminantes.
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Boumová, Markéta. "Energetické využití netradiční biomasy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229148.
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Tato diplomová práce se zabývá netradičními druhy biomasy využitelnými v České republice a Španělsku a jejich srovnáním. V prvních kapitolách jsou popsány netradiční druhy biomasy, mezinárodní projekty, smlouvy a legislativa. V následujích kapitolách je rozbor netradičních druhů biomasy zejména vznikajících z potravinářského průmyslu každé země s detailním rozborem a srovnáním zbytků z průmyslového zpracování slunečnice a oliv. V závěru je uděláno celkové srovnání těchto druhů biomasy České republiky a Španělska z aspektů výkupních cen, výhřevností, vlhkosti a množství popelovin.
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Thanapal, Siva Sankar. "Gasification of Low Ash Partially Composted Dairy Biomass with Enriched Air Mixture." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8927.
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Biomass is one of the renewable and non-conventional energy sources and it includes municipal solid wastes and animal wastes in addition to agricultural residue. Concentrated animal feeding operations produce large quantities of cattle biomass which might result in land and water pollution if left untreated. Different methods are employed to extract the available energy from the cattle biomass (CB) which includes co-firing and gasification. There are two types of CB: Feedlot biomass (FB), animal waste from feedlots and dairy biomass (DB), animal waste from dairy farms. Experiments were performed in the part on gasification of both FB and DB. Earlier studies on gasification of DB with different steam-fuel ratios resulted in increased production of hydrogen. In the present study, dairy biomass was gasified in a medium with enriched oxygen percentage varying from 24% to 28%. The effect of enriched air mixture, equivalence ratio and steam-fuel ratio on the performance of gasifier was studied. Limited studies were done using a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen as the gasification medium and also a methodology was developed to determine the gasification efficiency based on mass and heat contents of gas. The results show that the peak temperature within the bed increases with increase in oxygen concentration in the gasification medium. Also carbon dioxide concentration in the mixture increases with corresponding decrease in carbon monoxide with increase in oxygen concentration of the incoming gasification medium. The peak temperature increased from 988°C to 1192°C as the oxygen concentration increased from 21% to 28% at ER=2.1. The upper limit on oxygen concentration is limited to 28% due to high peak temperature and resulting ash agglomeration. Higher heating value (HHV) of the gases decreases with increase in equivalence ratio. The gases produced using carbon dioxide and oxygen mixture had a higher HHV when compared to that of air and enriched air gasification. Typically the HHV of the gases increased from 2219 kJ/m³ to 3479 kJ/m³ when carbon dioxide and oxygen mixture is used for gasification instead of air at ER=4.2 in the absence of steam.
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SEDLÁKOVÁ, Aneta. "Potenciál energetického využití odpadu pocházejícího ze sklizně a zpracování minoritních druhů Triticum L. pěstovaných v režimu ekologického zemědělství." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-395257.
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Growing minority cereal crops, including spelt wheat, einkorn wheat and emmer wheat, has seen significant development in recent years, mainly due to the development of organic farming. In the processing of these cereals, the amount of waste material in the form of plows, chaff and spindles fragments, which account for 23-35% of the gross yield, can be used as a material for energy production through direct combustion. In this respect, the higher heating value (Qsr) and the lower heating value (Qu) of spelt wheat was achieved. Spelt wheat also produced the highest gross yield (26,41 GJ ha-1) and the highest amount of waste material (33,23 %).
Books on the topic "Higher heating value"
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White, Robert H. Effect of lignin content and extractives on the higher heating value of wood. Madison, WI: [U.S. Forest Service, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Higher heating value"
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Sen, Arijit, and Amin Al-Habaibeh. "A Novel Approach for U-Value Estimation of Buildings’ Multi-layer Walls Using Infrared Thermography and Artificial Intelligence." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 35–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_5.
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AbstractEstimating the U-value of walls of buildings is a key process to evaluate the overall thermal performance. Low U-value in buildings is desired in order to keep heat within the envelop and consume less energy in heating. Addressing the limitations in the currently used U-value estimation techniques, this paper proposes a novel approach for estimating the U-value of the envelop of buildings using infrared thermography and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the application of a point heat source. The novel system is calibrated by training the ANN in a lab environment using a wide range of samples with multi-layers to be able to estimate the in situ U-value of walls in real buildings during field work with relatively high accuracy.
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Kiang, Yen-Hsiung. "Estimate higher heating value from elementary analysis." In Fuel Property Estimation and Combustion Process Characterization, 171–89. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813473-3.00005-2.
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Kiang, Yen-Hsiung. "Estimate elementary analysis from higher heating value." In Fuel Property Estimation and Combustion Process Characterization, 191–234. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813473-3.00006-4.
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Lam, Pak Sui, Pak Yiu Lam, Shahab Sokhansanj, Xiaotao T. Bi, C. Jim Lim, and Staffan Melin. "Effect of Steam Explosion Pretreatment on Size Reduction and Pellet Quality of Woody and Agricultural Biomass." In Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management, 27–53. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8711-0.ch002.
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Steam explosion is a thermo-chemical pretreatment widely used to disrupt the ultra-structure of the cell wall of the ligno-cellulosic fiber to improve the fractionation of the major ligno-cellulosic components of the biomass for biochemical conversion. In recent years, steam explosion pretreatment has been applied on the fibers for improving the pellet quality of woody and agricultural biomass for thermo-chemical conversion. The improved qualities include high bulk density, low equilibrium moisture content, higher heating value, mechanical strength and moisture resistance. All of these desirable properties allow the steam exploded pellets to be handled and stored outdoors safely, similar to coal. This also raises lots of interests in considering pellets as preferable feedstock for the thermal power plant or bio-refinery facilities. In this chapter, the state of art of research findings on the effect of steam explosion on size reduction and pellet quality of woody and agriculture biomass will be discussed.
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"Design of Adsorptive Heat Storage Devices." In Technology Development for Adsorptive Heat Energy Converters, 89–123. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4432-7.ch004.
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The chapter is devoted to prospects of application of adsorptive heat storage devices, principles of operating the adsorptive heat storage systems, design of adsorptive storage devices and main factors determining the design of adsorptive heat storage unit. Perspectives of application of adsorptive heat storage devices in heat supply systems were analyzed. Basic principles of operating of heat storage devices were considered. Adsorptive heat storage units operating in close and open modes were compared. Constructions of adsorptive heat storage units operating in open and close mode were described. An efficient algorithm for calculating the volume of the adsorptive thermal energy storage device for a decentralised heat supply system of a private house is suggested by authors. The following procedure of computation is proposed to involve: calculation of thermal load for heating including the determination of thermal losses through external fences, thermal losses due to infiltration and internal heat dissipation, the evaluation of maximal adsorption, adsorption heat, and determination of adsorbent mass and adsorbent volume. The maximal adsorption value is suggested to be calculated by the characteristics of the adsorbent, that is, its maximal adsorption or in the absence of data for a composite adsorbent, as a linear superposition for a mechanical mixture. The adsorbent mass is suggested to calculate as a ratio of a thermal load for heating and heat of adsorption. The adsorbent volume is calculated as ratio of mass and density of adsorbent. An evaluative calculation of the heat load for a private house was carried out with the proposed algorithm. Mass and volumes of conventional silica gels were compared with composite adsorbents ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate' and ‘silica gel – sodium acetate' obtained by sol gel method developed by authors. Mass and volume of silica gels occur to surpass the suggested composite at least by 1.5 – 5 times. This is shown to result from higher maximal adsorption and heat of adsorption of suggested composite adsorbents. The optimal composition of the composite adsorbents ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate' and ‘silica gel – sodium acetate' was determined according to the minimal volume of the layer of heat storage material. Both the lowest volume values and the highest efficiency of a composite adsorbents with a mass ratio of silica gel and Na2SO4 or CH3COONa 20: 80 are explained by the maximum value of adsorption heat. Suggested composite adsorbent ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate' and ‘silica gel – sodium acetate' are shown to be promising for heat supply systems.
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Emdadul Hoque, Md, and Fazlur Rashid. "Gasification Process Using Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier for Different Feedstock." In Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96227.
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The use of conventional fuels is decreasing globally due to its limited reserves and negative impact on the environment. The associated cost of conventional fuels is increasing owing to the higher demand for conventional fuels. Hence, utilization methods of biomass to generate energy are of growing interest. Among different biomass feedstocks, rice husks, waste plastics, and sawdust are significantly available in the global environment. The annual generation amount of rice husk is approximately 120 million tons worldwide, with an annual energy generation potential of 109 GJ with a heating value of 15 MJ/kg. The gasification process is assumed to be the most effective biomass conversion method that can generate synthetic gas to operate IC engines, fuel cells, and boilers. Synthetic gas production from biomass using a gasification process is a significant source of future energy. Downdraft fixed-bed gasifiers are considered as a feasible option of biomass conversion in the gasification process. By optimizing the operating conditions of downdraft fixed-bed gasifier, such as reaction zone temperature, combustion zone temperature, intake air temperature, airflow rate, the humidity of intake air, a significant amount of synthetic gas can be produced from rice husks, waste plastic material, and sawdust.
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Berk, Cem, and Mustafa Dilmen. "The Valuation of a Firm With Alternative Projects." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 253–67. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1086-5.ch014.
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The value of a firm is equal to the value of all projects in its assets. Investment decision is taken based on expected costs, knowledge of techniques, and risk perception; all of which are parameters of firm valuation. The research in this chapter is based on a real company in the household appliance industry. The company has a factory storage in Istanbul, Turkey. Two alterative heating projects (infrared and natural gas) are developed for the storage space according to project characteristics and heating requirements. The initial investments and operating costs are determined by market prices. According to the results, electric infrared heating is most of the time more favorable when the ceiling is high. An investment decision specifically for the factory storage is made. A discussion section on results is also available. Heating and cooling is a strategic industry for European Commission. The research can guide academicians and practitioners in this field.
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Oleg Aleksandrovich, Ivanin, Larina Olga Mikhailovna, Lavrenov Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Sinelshchikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Sytchev Georgy Aleksandrovich, and Zaichenko Victor Mikhailovich. "Two-Stage Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomass." In Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96670.
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The widespread adoption of biomass as an energy fuel is hindered by a number of its significant drawbacks, such as low heating value, low ash melting point, low bulk density etc. Technological solutions that allow to fully overcome these shortcomings and ensure high economic performance have not yet been proposed, although there is a significant demand for them. A new technology for thermal processing of biomass into gas fuel, based on the pyrolysis process, has been developed at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS). The degree of energy conversion of the processed raw materials in the proposed technology is about 75%. The gas fuel yield is ∼1.3 m3/kg of biomass, and its heating value, on average, is 11 MJ/m3. The content of the liquid phase in the energy gas obtained by the developed technology is not more than 50 mg/m3. The gas produced by the technology under consideration on average consists of 90% hydrogen and carbon monoxide. According to existing standards, this gas can be used as a fuel for mini-CHP with gas-piston engines. A promising direction for using this gas is the production of liquid motor fuels.
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Nieva, Eduardo G., María F. Peralta, and Diego A. Beltramone. "Home Automation by Brain-Computer Interface." In Advanced Research and Trends in New Technologies, Software, Human-Computer Interaction, and Communicability, 502–10. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4490-8.ch045.
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In the present work, the authors use the Brain Computer Interface technology to allow the dependent persons the utilization of the basic elements of their house, such as turning on and turning off lamps, rolling up and down a roller shutter, or switching on the heating system. For doing this, it is necessary to automate these devices and to centralize its managing in a platform, which constitutes a domotics system. In order to achieve this, the authors have used the MindWave NeuroSky ® commercial device. It is affordable, portable, and wireless, and senses and delivers the computer the electroencephalographic signals produced in the frontal lobe and the levels of attention, relaxation, and blinking to the computer. In order to determine the efficiency of the obtained signals a test software was designed, which verified the operation´s device with different persons. The authors conclude that the easiest way to control the attention levels is concentrating on a certain point, and the way to control the relaxation levels is by closing the eyes. As a second step, the authors develop a software that takes the signal from the EEG (Electro Encephalo Graphy) sensor, processes it, and sends signals via USB to an Arduino board, which is associated with electronics that complies the different tasks. The user chooses the action by managing the attention levels. When they are higher than a particular threshold value, the action is executed. In order to disable this action, the user must lower the threshold level and overcome it again. This is the simplest and fastest way to handle, but it brings several problems: if the user concentrates for any other reason and this signal exceeds the threshold, it causes the activation of an involuntary action. To solve this problem, the authors use a three variables combination that can become independent of each other thru training properly. These variables are attention, meditation, and blink. When you comply with the three simultaneous previously established conditions, the action is executed, and when they return to fulfill the conditions, the action is deactivated. The software also has the feature of personalizing its conditions, so it can be best for any user, even a novice one.
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Yıkmış, Seydi. "Uses of Non-Thermal Treatment Technologies in Liquid Foodstuff." In Novel Technologies and Systems for Food Preservation, 160–73. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7894-9.ch007.
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Heat treatments are the most basic methods used to provide microbiological and enzymatic inactivation of food. However, the applied high temperature affects important parameters such as color, nutritional value, taste, and sensory characteristics of foods in the negative direction. Therefore, in recent years, producers and consumers have sought to obtain healthy food with little deviation in quality parameters, and new techniques of non-thermal emerged from this point. In this chapter, non-thermal food such as accented electric fields, ultrasonic waves, high-pressure application, microfiltration, X-rays, ionizing radiation, high voltage electrical discharge, pulsed light, ultrasound, magnetic field heating, and information on conservation methods are given.
Conference papers on the topic "Higher heating value"
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Thota, Sailaja, Rajashekhar P. Mandi, N. Ramesh, and Shilpa Chaudhari. "Prediction capability of neural network models for higher heating value used for boiler efficiency." In 2017 International Conference On Smart Technologies For Smart Nation (SmartTechCon). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smarttechcon.2017.8358365.
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Battista, Robert A., Alan S. Feitelberg, and Michael A. Lacey. "Design and Performance of Low Heating Value Fuel Gas Turbine Combustors." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-531.
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General Electric Company is developing and testing low heating value fuel gas turbine combustors for use in integrated gasification combined cycle power generation systems. This paper presents the results of a series of combustion tests conducted at the pilot scale coal gasification and high temperature desulfurization system located at GE Corporate Research and Development in Schenectady, New York. Tests were performed in a modified GE MS6000 combustor liner operating at a pressure of 10 bar and over a wide load range (combustor exit temperatures from 760 to 1400°C). The primary objective of these tests was to compare and contrast the performance (emissions, flame stability, and combustor liner temperatures) of six different low heating value fuel nozzle designs, representing three distinct nozzle concepts. With 2200 to 4600 ppmv NH3 in the fuel, the conversion of fuel NH3 to NOx was roughly independent of fuel nozzle type, and ranged from about 70% at low combustor exit temperatures to about 20% at high combustor exit temperatures. For all of the fuel nozzles, CO emissions were typically less than 5 ppmv (on a dry, 15% O2 basis) at combustor exit temperatures greater than 980°C. Significant differences in CO emissions were observed at lower combustor exit temperatures. Some differences in liner temperatures and flame stability were also observed with the different nozzles. In general, nozzles which produced lower CO emissions and greater flame stability had higher fuel swirl angles and resulted in higher combustor liner temperatures. The nozzle with the best overall performance (consisting of concentric axial air and fuel swirlers and an air cooled mixing cup) has been selected for use at a commercial site.
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Khalida, Bousdira, Ziani Mohamed, Sabrina Belaid, Hamid Oudjana Samir, Khadidja Sobhi, and Said Midane. "Prediction of Higher Heating Value HHV of Date Palm Biomass Fuel using Artificial Intelligence Method." In 2019 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera47325.2019.8997113.
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Nam, Hyungseok, Amado Maglinao, and Sergio Capareda. "Fluidized Bed Air Gasification Using Low Heating Value Sand-Bedded Dairy Manure and Sludge Pellets." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50513.
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Solid manure handling is a major environmental issue confronting animal facilities in the United States. One difficulty in using dairy manure as a fuel source is the presence of sand bedding used for lactating dairy cows. More than 30% of dairy farms use sand beds for a dry and clean environment that prevents bacterial growth [1]. In this study, dairy animal manure obtained directly from waste lagoons was used for the air gasification process. The manure was dried to reduce the moisture down to 5% and a sand separating system was designed to remove some sand bedding materials. Preliminary air gasification experiments showed that the direct use of dairy manure containing 75% ash content, that reflect high sand content, reduced the temperature of the reactor. The study is also aimed at handling unprocessed dairy manure and generating electric power for the on-site use. A high heating value manure is needed to run the gasifier and the produced synthesis gas (or syngas) is fed to an engine coupled with a generator. Some dairy manure gasification work were done using fresh dairy manure. The highest heating value from the dairy manure biomass was found to be 4.5MJ/kg in a fixed-bed gasifier [2]. Another gasification study using a fluidized-bed reactor could produce syngas heating value as high as 4.7MJ/m3 from dairy manure [3]. A bench-scale fluidized bed containing a 3-inch diameter reactor tube with a cyclone and a scrubber was used to gasify dairy manure using air at different temperatures. The sand separated dairy manure used in this study contained approximately 45% ash content. The maximum heating value of the synthesis gas was 3.8MJ/m3 at an operating temperature of 750°C. The syngas will need to be upgraded. To upgrade the synthesis gas heating value, sludge pellets of 18.7MJ/kg were mixed with the dairy manure in different ratios of 10% and 30%. The syngas heating values from mixed manure with sludge pellet were increased to 5MJ/m3 with 10% sludge, and 5.7MJ/m3 with 30% sludge. The sludge used has higher heating value resulting in higher gas HV. The cold gasification efficiency was achieved as high as 36±5% with dairy manure mixed with sludge pellet. At a higher operating temperature, higher efficiency was obtained with increased gas composition of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This syngas may then be used for power generation as well as possible input gas for the Fisher Tropsch process for liquid biofuel production. The result of the experiments will be a cornerstone for the widespread application of low heating value animal waste for producing high heating value syngas that may be used for electric power generation as a result of various upgrading processes.
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Terres, Hilario, Sandra Chavez, Raymundo Lopez, Arturo Lizardi, and Araceli Lara. "Evaluation of Heating Process of Apple, Eggplant, Zucchini and Potato by Means of Their Thermal Properties." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7140.
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In this work, the heating process for apple, eggplant, zucchini and potato by means of evaluation of their thermal properties and the Biot number determined in experimental form is presented. The heating process is carried out using a solar cooker box-type as heating device. The thermal experimental properties determined are conductivity (k), density (D), specific heat (C), diffusivity (Dif) and the Biot number (Bi) for each product evaluated. In the experimentation, temperatures for center and surface in each product and water were measured in controlled conditions. For those measures, a device Compact Fieldpoint and thermocouples placed in the points studied were used. By using correlations with temperature as function, k, D and C were calculated, while by using equations in transitory state for the products modeled as sphere and cylinder was possible to estimate the Biot number after calculation of the heat transfer coefficient for each case. Results indicate the higher value for k, C and Dif correspond to zucchini (0.65 W/m °C, 4084.5 J/kg °C, 1.5 × 10−7 m2), while higher value for D correspond to potato (1197.5 kg/m3). The lowest values for k and C were obtained for potato (0.59 W/m °C, 3658.3 J/kg °C) while lowest values for D and Dif, correspond to zucchini (998.2 kg/m3) and potato (1.45 × 10−7 m2/s) respectively. The maximum and minimum values for Bi corresponded to potato (21.4) and zucchini (0.41) in respective way. The results obtained are very useful in applications for solar energy devices, where estimates for properties are very important to generate new results, for example, numerical simulations. Also, results could be used to evaluate the cooking power in solar cookers when the study object is oriented in that direction.
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Liu, Kexin, Pete Martin, Victoria Sanderson, and Phill Hubbard. "Effect of Change in Fuel Compositions and Heating Value on Ignition and Performance for Siemens SGT-400 Dry Low Emission Combustion System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94183.
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The influence of changes in fuel composition and heating value on the performance of an industrial gas turbine combustor was investigated. The combustor tested was a single cannular combustor for Siemens SGT-400 13.4 MW dry low emission (DLE) engine. Ignition, engine starting, emissions, combustion dynamics and flash back through burner metal temperature monitoring were among the parameters investigated to evaluate the impact of fuel flexibility on combustor performance. Lean ignition and extinction limits were measured for three fuels with different heat values in term of Wobbe Index (WI): 25, 28.9 and 45 MJ/Sm3 (natural gas). The test results show that the air fuel ratio (AFR) at lean ignition/extinction limits decreases and the margin between the two limits tends to be smaller as fuel heat value decreases. Engine start tests were also performed with a lower heating value fuel and results were found to be comparable to those for engine starting with natural gas. The combustor was further tested in a high pressure air facility at real engine operating conditions with different fuels covering WIs from 17.5 to 70 MJ/Sm3. The variation in fuel composition and heating value was achieved in a gas mixing plant by blending natural gas with CO2, CO, N2 and H2 (for the fuel with WI lower than natural gas) and C3H8 (for the fuel with WI higher than natural gas). Test results show that a benefit in NOx reduction can be seen for the lower WI fuels without H2 presence in the fuel and there are no adverse impacts on combustor performance except for the requirement of higher fuel supply pressure, however, this can be easily resolved by minor modification through the fuel injection design. Test results for the H2 enriched and higher WI fuels show that NOx, combustion dynamics and flash back have been adversely affected and major change in burner design is required. For the H2 enriched fuel, the effect of CO and H2 on combustor performance was also investigated for the fuels having a fixed WI of 29 MJ/Sm3. It is found that H2 dominates the adverse impact on combustor performance. The chemical kinetic study shows that H2 has significant effect on flame speed change and CO has significant effect on flame temperature change. Although the tests were performed on the Siemens SGT-400 combustion system, the results provide general guidance for the challenge of industrial gas turbine burner design for fuel flexibility.
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Klinghoffer, Naomi, and Marco J. Castaldi. "Deactivation and Energy Analysis of Char Catalysts in Biomass Gasification Systems." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7036.
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One of the major barriers to gasification is the need for elimination of tars that are generated in thermochemical conversion processes. While metal catalysts can be used for tar decomposition, and cheaper alternative is char. Deactivation of char catalysts has been studied and these deactivation rates have been applied to a model for a gasification system. The calculations and experimental data presented here show that if the char from a gasifier is recycled to a tar reformer then some char deactivation will take place, but the activity will not fall below 40% of its initial activity. The energy penalty for diverting char, a potential heat source, to a catalytic reactor has been accounted for. This was done by comparing the heating value of char to the heating value of syngas generated from reforming tar using the char as a catalyst. At high gasification temperatures, when tar production in the gasifier was low, the char had a higher heating value than the syngas that was produced from tar reforming. At low temperatures, the heating value of the syngas exceeded that of the char combustion, which implies an overall energy benefit.
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Ribarov, Lubomir A., and David S. Liscinsky. "Microgrid Viability for Small-Scale Cooling, Heating, and Power." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50045.
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Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) energy systems provide higher fuel efficiency than conventional systems, resulting in reduced emissions and other environmental benefits. Until recently the focus of CHP system development has been primarily on medium-scale commercial applications in a limited number of market segments where clear value propositions lead to short term payback. Small-scale integrated CHP systems that show promise of achieving economic viability through significant improvements in fuel utilization have received increased attention lately. In this paper the economic potential is quantified for small-scale (micro-grid) integrated CHP systems suitable for groups of buildings with aggregate electric loads in the 15 kW–120 kW range. Technologies are evaluated for community building groups (CBGs) consisting of aggregation of pure residential entities and combined residential and light commercial entities. Emphasis is on determination of the minimum load size (i.e. the smallest electric and thermal load for a given CBG that is supplied with electric, heating, cooling power from a CHP) for which a micro-grid CHP system is both technically and economically viable. In this paper, the operation of the CHP system is parallel with the public utility grid at all times, i.e. the grid is interconnected. Evaluations of CHP technology options using simulation studies in a “three-dimensional” space (CHP technology option, CBG load aggregation, and geographical location in the USA) were evaluated based on comparisons of net present value (NPV). The simulations indicated that as electric load increases, the viability of the CHP system (independent of the system’s size) becomes more favorable. Exceeding a system runtime (utilization) of 70% was shown to pass the break-even line in the NPV analysis. Finally, geographic location was found to have a relatively weak effect on the reported trends. These results suggest that micro grid CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable with relative independence of geographic location if adequately sized to match the load requirements.
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Petrov, Andrei Y., Jeanette B. Berry, and Abdolreza Zaltash. "Commercial Integrated Energy Systems Provide Data That Advance Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14932.
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The Department of Energy (DOE), though Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has worked in partnership with industry to develop highly-efficient Integrated Energy Systems (IES) that provide combined cooling, heating, and power (CHP). Equipment configurations and performance have been optimized and system construction has been simplified, resulting in lower design and installation costs. Consequently, government-industry partnerships are achieving the goal of promoting replication of these advanced systems. This paper describes and presents data collected during the operation of on-site power generation systems developed and implemented by DOE/ORNL-industry teams: (1) Burns & McDonnell and (2) Honeywell Labs. The Burns & McDonnell IES is operated by Austin Energy, the municipal utility in Austin, Texas. The gas turbine produces 4.5-MW of electricity, and its exhaust drives a 2,500-ton absorption chiller. The featured project implements a modular system design that is being used to construct a medical district utility at Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas-another government-industry project carried out in partnership with Austin Energy. The Honeywell IES at Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, is anchored by 5.7-MW natural-gas turbine that uses turbine exhaust to drive a 1,000-ton absorption chiller and/or an 80,000-lb/h heat recovery steam generator. An optimization software program provides system operators with hour-by-hour information on system costs associated with various operating scenarios. The project developed reference designs for 1.2-5.7 MW turbine-based systems to better communicate options for system design and facilitate feasibility studies. These systems demonstrate the thermal and economic value of "waste heat" by providing space heating and/or cooling with no additional fuel use. Field data confirms that the fuel use efficiency of these combined cooling, heating and power systems approaches 80% based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas.
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Reinbold, Edward, and James von der Ehe. "Development of the Dresser Waukesha 16V150LTD Engine for Bio-Gas Fuels." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76079.
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Dresser Waukesha released the 16V150LTD engine for operation on pipeline natural gas in 2006. The engine has since been developed for operation on low Btu Bio gas fuels; including landfill and digester applications for both 50 and 60 Hz operation. This paper discusses the development of the engine fuel system, calibration changes, and test results of the Bio-gas 16V150LTD. Fuel system modifications were made for the higher fuel flow rates and calibration changes were necessary to meet performance requirements across the heating value range. Test results are presented which discuss the effects of the lower heating value bio-gas fuels on combustion and engine performance.