Academic literature on the topic 'Higher state authorities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Higher state authorities"
1
Dobkowski, Jarosław. "Actions by administrative authorities justified by a state of higher necessity." Journal of Modern Science 59, no. 5 (2024): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/192847.
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This article deals with the actions of the administrative proceeding authorities justified by a state of higher necessity. In Poland, the state of higher necessity does not constitute a title for the encroachment of public administration bodies on the rights and obligations of persons without a legal basis. In terms of its essence, the state of force majeure under the Administrative Procedure Code is not uniformly understood. It may be treated narrowly or broadly. However, regardless of its treatment, it conditions the application of special and very often inherently exceptional solutions. This includes issuing decisions with the application of special regulations in matters of peace, security and public order, and sometimes in situations dictated by an even differently understood state of higher necessity. This article deals with the actions of the administrative proceeding authorities justified by a state of higher necessity. In Poland, the state of higher necessity does not constitute a title for the encroachment of public administration bodies on the rights and obligations of persons without a legal basis. In terms of its essence, the state of force majeure under the Administrative Procedure Code is not uniformly understood. It may be treated narrowly or broadly. However, regardless of its treatment, it conditions the application of special and very often inherently exceptional solutions. This includes issuing decisions with the application of special regulations in matters of peace, security and public order, and sometimes in situations dictated by an even differently understood state of higher necessity.
2
Grynchak, Alla, and Serhii Grynchak. "Features of the Functioning of Higher State Bodies in the State of Emergency (Martial Law) in European Countries: Constitutional and Legal Regulation." Problems of legality 2, no. 158 (2022) (2022): 6–28. https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990X.158.262854.
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The relevance of this topic is determined by the study of problematic issues related to the optimization of the activities of national state authorities in the conditions of martial law. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal regulation of the functioning of the public power mechanism of European states in the conditions of martial law based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific works and constitutional and legal acts regarding the content of special legal regimes that are introduced during crisis situations. To achieve the specified goal, a set of methods was used: dialectical (for the objectivity and comprehensiveness of knowledge of state-legal phenomena in foreign countries, taking into account various factors, in development), systemic approach (when considering public authorities as a whole ordered system), formal-legal method (for establishing the content of legal norms and analyzing the practice of their application) and others. The comparative legal method was used as the leading method (to compare the legal and organizational aspects of the functioning of authorities and to develop practical recommendations for improving the activities of public authorities in Ukraine). The constitutional and legal norms regulating the special legal regime (in particular, the martial law regime) in European countries are analyzed, and the key features of the mechanism of public power functioning in emergency conditions are highlighted. It is emphasized thatthe study of European experience is relevant and appropriate from the point of view of possible further implementation in national legislation. It is noted that special legal regimes are introduced when a certain situation of an extraordinary nature arises in the state, threatening the development of the state and society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. The constitutional and legal institution of the emergency regime is a system of legal norms that establish the grounds and procedure for its introduction, the state authority authorized to introduce it. A special mode of activity of state authorities and local self-governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations is also established. The limits of the special legal regime in time and space are fixed. In the states, temporary changes in the demarcation of competence between the authorities of different levels are usually foreseen. As a rule, executive authorities are temporarily granted certain powers that normally belong to the legislative body, on a clear legal basis. Four variants of implementation of the procedure for the introduction of special legal regimes (in particular, martial law) in the practice of European states are distinguished, which are differed by the degree of involvement of the parliament. The possible ways and methods of optimizing the activities of the higher state authorities of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law are proposed.
3
Morozova, Olena. "Peculiarities of Teaching PR in Public Administration at Higher Education Institutions." Digital Platform: Information Technologies in Sociocultural Sphere 5, no. 2 (2022): 255–60. https://doi.org/10.31866/2617-796X.5.2.2022.270128.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of teaching PR in public administration to students who master advertising and public relations. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientific and pedagogical research and pedagogical observation. Analytical and theoretical methods were used to generalize the features of PR in public administration and to systematize the competencies of PR specialists who will work in public authorities. The scientific novelty consists in identifying ways to form the competencies necessary for PR professionals who will work in the public sector. Conclusions. Public communications of public authorities are still an area requiring serious theoretical understanding and training of professionals capable to participate in the development and implementation of the state information policy. Specialists in communication who understand the specifics of state authorities’ work and possess PR tools for establishing a constructive dialogue with target audiences (individual subjects, social groups, public organizations, political parties and leaders, and the people as a whole) are the key to the effective work of press services and communication units of state administration bodies.
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Morozova, Olena. "Peculiarities of Teaching PR in Public Administration at Higher Education Institutions." Digital Platform: Information Technologies in Sociocultural Sphere 5, no. 2 (2022): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2617-796x.5.2.2022.270128.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of teaching PR in public administration to students who master advertising and public relations.
 The research methodology is based on the principles of scientific and pedagogical research and pedagogical observation. Analytical and theoretical methods were used to generalize the features of PR in public administration and to systematize the competencies of PR specialists who will work in public authorities.
 The scientific novelty consists in identifying ways to form the competencies necessary for PR professionals who will work in the public sector.
 Conclusions. Public communications of public authorities are still an area requiring serious theoretical understanding and training of professionals capable to participate in the development and implementation of the state information policy. Specialists in communication who understand the specifics of state authorities’ work and possess PR tools for establishing a constructive dialogue with target audiences (individual subjects, social groups, public organizations, political parties and leaders, and the people as a whole) are the key to the effective work of press services and communication units of state administration bodies.
5
Мамитова, Н. В. "AMEWORK OF STATUS POWERS OF THE HIGHER BODIES OF STATE AUTHORITIES: NEW READING." Теория государства и права, no. 2(22) (June 25, 2021): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.47905/matgip.2021.22.2.014.
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Аннотация. В рецензии на монографию доцента Елены Алексеевны Осавелюк показано, что автор работы, в результате анализа научных исследований, посвященных содержанию и классификации полномочий высших органов государственной власти, обращает особое внимание на то, что статусные полномочия в наибольшей степени способствуют раскрытию особенностей правового положения каждого из указанных органов, их взаимодействия и придают ему системный характер. Annotation. In the review of the monograph by Associate Professor Elena Alekseevna Osavelyuk, it is shown that the author of the work, as a result of the analysis of scientific research devoted to the content and classification of the powers of the highest bodies of state power, draws special attention to the fact that status powers are most conducive to disclosing the features of the legal status of each of these organs, their interactions and give it a systemic character.
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Grynchak, Alla, and Serhii Grynchak. "Features of the Functioning of Higher State Bodies in the State of Emergency (Martial Law) in European Countries: Constitutional and Legal Regulation." Problems of legality, no. 158 (September 30, 2022): 6–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.158.262854.
Full textAbstract:
Topicality. The relevance of this topic is determined by the study of problematic issues related to the optimization of the activities of national state authorities in the conditions of martial law. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal regulation of the functioning of the public power mechanism of European states in the conditions of martial law based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific works and constitutional and legal acts regarding the content of special legal regimes that are introduced during crisis situations. Research methods. To achieve the specified goal, a set of methods was used: dialectical (for the objectivity and comprehensiveness of knowledge of state-legal phenomena in foreign countries, taking into account various factors, in development), systemic approach (when considering public authorities as a whole ordered system), formal-legal method (for establishing the content of legal norms and analyzing the practice of their application) and others. The comparative legal method was used as the leading method (to compare the legal and organizational aspects of the functioning of authorities and to develop practical recommendations for improving the activities of public authorities in Ukraine). Results. The constitutional and legal norms regulating the special legal regime (in particular, the martial law regime) in European countries are analyzed, and the key features of the mechanism of public power functioning in emergency conditions are highlighted. It is emphasized that the study of European experience is relevant and appropriate from the point of view of possible further implementation in national legislation. It is noted that special legal regimes are introduced when a certain situation of an extraordinary nature arises in the state, threatening the development of the state and society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. The constitutional and legal institution of the emergency regime is a system of legal norms that establish the grounds and procedure for its introduction, the state authority authorized to introduce it. A special mode of activity of state authorities and local self-governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations is also established. The limits of the special legal regime in time and space are fixed. In the states, temporary changes in the demarcation of competence between the authorities of different levels are usually foreseen. As a rule, executive authorities are temporarily granted certain powers that normally belong to the legislative body, on a clear legal basis. Four variants of implementation of the procedure for the introduction of special legal regimes (in particular, martial law) in the practice of European states are distinguished, which are differed by the degree of involvement of the parliament. The significance of the results. The possible ways and methods of optimizing the activities of the higher state authorities of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law are proposed.
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Tarasov, S. V., та A. O. Kravtsov. "Pedagogical Higher Education Institutions and Regional Education Authorities: Towards Developing an Effective Interaction Model". University Management: Practice and Analysis 28, № 1 (2024): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umpa.2024.01.001.
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The issues of interaction between pedagogical higher education institutions and regional education authorities are insufficiently developed in modern pedagogical theory. The aim of the study is to identify the current state of interaction between pedagogical higher education institutions and regional education systems, as well as to identify problematic areas of this interaction and develop approaches to designing a model of this interaction. The research is based on data obtained from 38 regions, reflecting the positions of 47 representatives of state authorities responsible for educationmanagement and 27 employees of pedagogical higher education institutions. As a result of the study, the features of building interaction between pedagogical higher education institutions and education management authorities have been identified, as well as growth points that allow this interaction to become a factor in the development of the regional educational system. Approaches to building an effective model of interaction between a pedagogical higher education institution and regional education management authorities are also proposed, and the main directions of joint activities of a pedagogical higher education institution and education management authorities are defined in the context of multilevel and multifunctional interaction. Prospective directions for further research include the development of a system of indicators and indicators based on the proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of interaction between pedagogical higher education institutions and regional education authorities.
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PUPYSHEVA, T., M. ZHETPISBAYEVA та A. KUZNETSOVA. "Қазақстандағы жоғары оқу орындарының қызметін стратегиялық жоспарлауды жетілдірудегі мемлекеттік органдардың рөлі". Вестник Карагандинского экономического университета, № 1(68) (26 березня 2023): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52445/bkeu.2023.68.1.005.
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The article discusses the role of state authorities in improving the strategic planning of the activity of higher educational institutions in Kazakhstan. The main research methods were SWOT-analysis and the method of document analysis, which showed that in the strategic planning of Kazakhstani higher educational institutions, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats can be identified. At the same time, there are several more weaknesses in it than strengths, therefore this activity needs to be improved. The success of its modernization depends on the efforts of the higher educational institutions themselves, as well as on the support of the authorized state authorities, for whose activity recommendations have been proposed aimed at improving their work in this matter. Мақалада Қазақстандағы жоғары оқу орындарының қызметін стратегиялық жоспарлауды жетілдірудегі мемлекеттік органдардың рөлі талқыланады. Негізгі зерттеу әдістері SWOT-талдау және құжаттарды талдау әдісі болды, бұл қазақстандық университеттердің стратегиялық жоспарлауында күшті және әлсіз жақтарын, мүмкіндіктер мен қауіптерді анықтауға болатынын көрсетті. Сонымен қатар оның күшті жақтарынан гөрі бірнеше әлсіз жақтары бар, сондықтан бұл белсенділікті жақсарту қажет. Оны жаңғыртудың табыстылығы университеттердің өздерінің күш-жігеріне, сондай-ақ қызметі бойынша осы мәселедегі жұмысын жақсартуға бағытталған ұсынымдар ұсынылатын уәкілетті мемлекеттік органдардың қолдауына байланысты. В статье рассматривается роль государственных органов в совершенствовании стратегического планирования деятельности высших учебных заведений Казахстана. Основными методами исследования послужили SWOT-анализ и метод анализа документов, показавшие, что в стратегическом планировании казахстанских вузов можно выделить сильные и слабые стороны, возможности и угрозы. Вместе с тем слабых сторон в нем несколько больше, чем сильных, потому данную деятельность необходимо совершенствовать. Успех ее модернизации зависит от усилий самых вузов, а также от поддержки уполномоченных государственных органов, для деятельности которых предложены рекомендации, направленные на совершенствование их работы в этом вопросе.
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Omarov, M. "Assessment of the Higher Education System of Kazakhstan and Issues of Its Quality Management." Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series 147, no. 2 (2024): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2024-147-2-57-81.
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This article compares the systems of local state government and local self-government in Ukraine and the Republic of Kazakhstan. A review of the formation and development of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine since 2014 has been carried out. A content analysis of the legal acts of both states is carried out in order to determine the legal status of local state government and local self-government of the two countries. A comparison is made of the main elements of local state government and self-government according to four parameters: administrative-territorial structure, status of local authorities, scope of powers of local authorities, budget system at the local level. The similarities and differences between the systems of the two countries were identified, and the revenue side of the budget of two administrative-territorial units of the 3rd (basic) level with a similar population was compared. The main advantages of one system of local state government and self-government over another are identified. Recommendations for the further development of the system of local government and self-government in Kazakhstan are formulated.
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Belousova, Tatiana. "Internationalization of Higher Education in Kerala: A Performance Audit." Higher Education for the Future 6, no. 1 (2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347631118802647.
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The article aims at investigating the current scenario of internationalization of higher education (IoHE) in Kerala, particularly in the area of inbound student mobility. It analyses the issues of foreign students enrolled in different programmes across the state. The study includes the in-depth analysis of the current challenges faced by Kerala in the era of growing internationalization trends worldwide. Notably, these challenges encapsulate a larger picture of IoHE in India which makes this article relevant in a broader context. The conducted study enables further policy suggestions which may prove to be useful for the state authorities and lawmakers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Higher state authorities"
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Кравчук, М. Ю. "Адміністративно-правове забезпечення протидії біотероризму". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80347.
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Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню проблем адміністративно-правового забезпечення протидії біотерористичним загрозам в Україні. Здійснено аналіз термінологічного апарату антитерористичного законодавства на предмет визначення суспільно-правової сутності біотероризму, а також подано систематизацію доктринальних положень. Особливу увагу приділено механізму практичної протидії можливим загрозам біотерористичної діяльності з боку вищих органів державної влади. Доведено, що факт існування біологічного тероризму як глобальної проблеми світової спільноти вимагає консолідації зусиль усіх держав, а участь України у цьому процесі здійснюється у відповідності до міжнародних договорів. Обгрунтовано висновки і пропозиції щодо ліквідації юридичних дефектів у законодавчих актах, які регулюють суспільні відносини в сфері боротьби з біотероризмом, й розроблення національних програм з біобезпеки та запобігання проявам біологічних загроз.<br>Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию проблем административно-правового обеспечения противодействия биотеррористически угрозам в Украине. Осуществлен анализ терминологического аппарата антитеррористического законодательства на предмет определения общественно- правовой сущности биотерроризма, а также представлено систематизацию доктринальных положений. Особое внимание уделено механизму практической противодействия возможным угрозам биотеррористической деятельности со стороны высших органов государственной власти. Доказано, что факт существования биологического тероризма как глобальной проблемы мирового сообщества требует консолидации усилий всех государств, а участие Украины в этом процессе осуществляется в соответствии с международными договорами. Обоснованы выводы и предложения по ликвидации юридических дефектов в законодательных актах, регулирующих общественные отношения в сфере борьбы с биотерроризмом, и разработка национальных программ по биобезопасности и проявлений биологических угроз.<br>The thesis is devoted to the complex study of the problems of administrative and legal support for counteraction to bioterrorist threats in Ukraine. The terminological apparatus of anti-terrorist legislation has been analysed to determine the socio-legal nature of bioterrorism, as well as the systematization of doctrinal provisions declared by the representatives of legal and other social sciences. Biosafety, counteraction to bioterrorism has been found to be an integral part of national security, but any guidance on issues of threat of technogenic, including nuclear and biological, terrorism; the impact of harmful genetic effects in populations of living organisms, genetically modified organisms, biotechnologies, etc., unfortunately, are absent. Moreover, the current national legislation of Ukraine does not contain a clear and justified definition of the term "bioterrorism". In the aspect of consideration of the issue of regulatory acts of counteraction to bioterrorism, it is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine "On Counteraction to Terrorism" in terms of consolidating the concept of "biological terrorism". The author substantiates the principle of legitimacy of administrative and legal support of counteraction to biological terrorism as a specific element of the complex social-negative category of "terrorism", which will make it possible to draw the attention of the legislator to the need for further detailing at the level of laws and regulations of the system of regulatory legal acts, aimed at preventing and counteraction to bioterrorism. The analysis of international legal acts on the issues of counteraction to bioterrorism is carried out. Indeed, in its complex interaction, the reproduction of norms of national law in the norms of international law, and vice versa, serves to achieve effective results in the field of counteraction to bioterrorism and overcoming its negative consequences. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons and on Their Destruction (CBTC), of which Ukraine is a fully legitimate party, has been determined to play a significant role. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of practical counteraction to the possible threats of bioterrorist activity by the higher bodies of state power. The main administrative and legal measures for countering bioterrorism are described, namely: measures of administrative prevention, measures of administrative termination, measures of administrative responsibility. The role of public in the prevention and counteraction of bioterrorism has been noted. The role of the main institutions in the administrative and legal support of counteraction to bioterrorism through the analysis of organizational and legal bases of their activity is clarified. The main institutions of administrative and legal support for counteraction to bioterrorism include: the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the State Emergency Antiepizootic Commission under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Energy and Environment Protection of Ukraine and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. These institutions at various levels carry out coordination, control and surveillance activities, law enforcement intelligence operations, covert investigative procedures, etc., in accordance with their competence, in order to counteract to the manifestation of bioterrorism. The role of introduction of administrative and legal regime of emergency ecological situation as an organizational and legal instrument of counteraction to bioterrorism is investigated. It is found that today there are a number of provisions in the current legislation of Ukraine concerning both general measures to counteraction to bioterrorist manifestations and introduction of administrative and legal regime of emergency environmental situation. It is established that in practice the introduction of administrative and legal regime of emergency environmental situation in Ukraine has been carried out in order to neutralize the consequences of catastrophes and accidents of anthropogenic nature. It is determined that the administrative regime of the environmental situation involves the introduction of a complex system of rules aimed at neutralizing the effects of environmental catastrophe, which is caused by both objective and subjective factors. The act of biological terrorism is a subjective factor, although the strains of viruses, used for illegal criminal purposes, occur naturally. It is concluded that the importance of administrative and legal regime in counteraction to biological terrorism is secondary, since its introduction is already a consequence of committing a bioterrorist act. The primary role in counteraction to the manifestation of biological terrorism is played by measures to prevent this phenomenon. It is proved that the existence of threats of biological terrorism as a global problem of the world community requires consolidation of efforts of all states, and Ukraine’s participation in this process is carried out in accordance with international treaties and effective cooperation both at universal and regional (with NATO, CIS, EU) and two-sided levels. There are substantiated conclusions and proposals for the development of national biosafety programs and the prevention of biological terrorism in Ukraine.
Books on the topic "Higher state authorities"
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Massachusetts. Office of the Inspector General., ed. A review of the Commonwealth's higher education building authorities. The Office, 1995.
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Europe, Council of, ed. The legitimacy of quality assurance in higher education: The role of public authorities and institutions. Council of Europe, 2007.
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3
Mironov, Rinat, Sergey Zubarev, and Marsel' Valeev. Law enforcement and judicial authorities. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1891021.
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The textbook has been prepared on the basis of updated Russian legislation, which is important for the organization and functioning of law enforcement and judicial authorities, ensuring the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, organizations and associations for the period of long-term socio-economic development of the country.
 The main directions, goals and objectives of law enforcement activities, powers and competencies of the judicial authorities, prosecutor's supervision, preliminary investigation, law enforcement, detective, security and human rights organizations to ensure security and law and order in the territory of the Russian Federation are presented.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
 For students of secondary vocational and higher educational institutions studying in the specialty and field of training "Jurisprudence", as well as for teachers and practitioners.
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Akmalova, Al'fiya, and Vladimir Kapicyn. State and municipal administration system. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/981344.
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The textbook discusses the concept of the state and municipal management system, its formation and development in Russia, scientific, legal, organizational, competence and information bases of the activities of state and municipal management bodies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the General principles of state and municipal administration and the specifics of their implementation in certain territories and under special legal regimes, the role of control and Supervisory bodies in ensuring the legality and responsibility of public authorities and officials.
 Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 For bachelors and masters of higher education organizations studying in the direction 38.03.04 "State and municipal management", as well as all those who study the basics of the organization of state and municipal management and are interested in the problems of development of the state and society.
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Lebedeva, Tamara. Educational migration to the Russian Federation: the role in the development of the higher education system. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2086355.
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The monograph assesses the role of educational migration in the development of the higher education system in the Russian Federation. The characteristics of the modern system of Russian higher education, functioning in the conditions of internationalization of the educational environment, are presented. The modern features of the export of Russian educational services are described in detail. It is noted that international educational migration contributes to the preservation and expansion of the contingent of students in Russian universities, maintaining and expanding the employment of teaching staff, obtaining direct cash income from tuition fees and social services for foreign students. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of negative manifestations from the point of view of Russia's national security. On the basis of the research, the problems of the development of the higher education system of the Russian Federation in the context of an increase in the volume of international educational migration were identified, and measures were proposed, the implementation of which will contribute to the formation of a positive image of Russian universities in the global educational services market and attract new groups of foreign citizens to study.
 The materials of the monograph may be of interest to a wide range of readers: sociologists, demographers, economists, representatives of state authorities whose interests include the management of educational migration and the development of the Russian higher education system, as well as students, graduate students, young scientists and university professors.
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Epifanceva, Tat'yana, Marina Zagvokina, Ol'ga Zaharova, et al. Legal studies. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1212235.
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The textbook in an accessible form examines the basic concepts of the theory of state and law, the main provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the structure of the highest state authorities, the legal status of the individual in the Russian Federation, an overview of the judicial system and the system of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the basics of constitutional, civil, family, labor, land law, as well as the basic provisions of criminal and criminal procedure law.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. 
 For students of non-legal specialties of higher educational institutions of all forms of education. The accessibility of the presentation of the material also allows the textbook to be used in secondary vocational educational institutions.
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Fedotova, Yuliya. Constitutional and legal provision of national security of the Russian Federation. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/986734.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook is devoted to the constitutional-legal framework (the concept, historical features of formation and development of constitutional system of Russia, its political, socio-economic and spiritual foundations, the concept, essence, content and purpose of the constitutional security as a legal expression of national security) and the system of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation, expressed in the state (consisting of activities of public authorities and other state authorities in ensuring national security) and private (characterized by the participation of citizens and their associations and other organizations in ensuring national security) of its subsystems.
 Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
 For students, graduates, teachers, professionals in the field of constitutional law and national security practitioners as well as for a wide circle of readers interested in issues of national security.
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Marceva, Tat'yana, Ol'ga Berezhnaya, and Vladimir Berezhnoy. Risk management system in customs. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1913591.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook gives a general idea of risk in management theory, reveals the legal and organizational foundations of the activities of customs authorities carrying out customs control using risk profiles, and also examines the practice of implementing a risk management system in customs.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 For students of higher educational institutions specializing in Customs, teachers, as well as anyone interested in the practice of risk management in foreign economic activity.
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Bratanovsky, Sergey, Yuliya Kapitanec, and Mihail Vulah. Administrative Law of Russia, 2nd edition. 2nd ed. Publishing Center RIOR, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01927-6.
Full textAbstract:
In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the course program, the textbook systematically outlines administrative and legal institutions, as well as problems in the theory and practice of organizing and exercising executive power in Russia. In the second edition, the authors took into account the changes that have occurred in recent years in the public administration system and in the field of administrative legislation. Addressed to students, graduate students, teachers of law schools and other higher educational institutions. The textbook can also be recommended to employees of state authorities and local self-government if questions arise related to the application of administrative law in practice.
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Bratanovsky, Sergey, Yuliya Kapitanec, and Mihail Vulah. Administrative Law of Russia, 3rd edition. 3rd ed. Publishing Center RIOR, 2025. https://doi.org/10.29039/01977-1.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook, in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the course program, systematically presents administrative and legal institutions, as well as problems of the theory and practice of organizing and implementing executive power in Russia. In the third edition the authors took into account the changes that have occurred in recent years in the public administration system, in the field of administrative legislation. It is addressed to students, postgraduates, teachers of law schools and other higher educational institutions. The textbook can also be recommended to employees of state authorities and local governments in the event of questions related to the application of administrative law in practice.
Book chapters on the topic "Higher state authorities"
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Laffin, Martin, and Patrick Diamond. "Local Government in England: An Existential Crisis?" In New Perspectives on Intergovernmental Relations. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61790-4_2.
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AbstractEnglish local government is currently facing an existential crisis over its future purpose and capacity which is analysed in terms of three underlying crises. (1) A fiscal crisis created by over a decade of financial austerity imposed by successive Conservative-led and Conservative governments since 2011, the consequences of which have been intensified by rising inflation and consequent higher service costs. (2) A governing crisis reflecting the gradual re-engineering of local authorities from their original, post-war high discretion role in welfare state service delivery towards a role closer to that as agents of the centre. (3) A policy role crisis as local authorities have lost entire services and major parts of other services through governance changes, and their capacity to sustain, let alone enact, a policy role has been seriously eroded. Moreover, the Mayoral Combined Authorities (MCAs) recently created in the main city sub-regions are further complicating the role of local government. The MCAs have ill-defined and limited powers mainly focussed on economic development are imposed on top of the existing LAs.
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Sychikova, Yana, Maryna Nesterenko, Hanna Mytsyk, Kristina Petryk, and Serhii Kovachov. "Building the future through STEM education: a catalyst for sustainable development and national revival of Ukraine." In REDEFINING HIGHER EDUCATION: INNOVATION, INCLUSION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DURING WARTIME. TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15587/10.15587/978-617-8360-07-8.ch4.
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This section of the monograph highlights the role of STEM education in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and their impact on the national revival of Ukraine. Methods of integration of STEM education to help solve global challenges are analyzed. Thanks to a carefully planned research, conducted among teachers and future teachers of various specialties of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University, the work analyzed the different views of the interviewees on the key STEM skills necessary to achieve the SDGs and their practical application in real conditions. According to the results of the study, special attention was paid to the importance of technological skills and literacy, critical and problem-solving thinking, creativity, communication skills, as well as the ability for pedagogical innovations and interdisciplinary integration. In addition, the chapter of the monograph emphasizes the decisive role of higher education institutions in promoting sustainable development through strengthening their social responsibility and partnership with other stakeholders. The research findings point to the need to update educational programs and teaching methods in accordance with the requirements of the modern world, with the aim of training future teachers of various specialties who are able to contribute to solving global challenges to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. The author's team offers strategic recommendations regarding the integration of STEM education and the SDGs at the level of higher education institutions in order to train highly qualified specialists capable of contributing to the sustainable development of society in Ukraine and the world. The results of the study become especially relevant in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine and its post-war recovery, emphasizing the need for quick and balanced steps to adapt the educational system to modern challenges. Emphasizing the importance of STEM education for national revitalization and sustainable development, the research encourages discussions and practical actions among educators, scientists, state authorities, and representatives of business and industry. It becomes a call for the necessary changes in education, aimed at the formation of a new generation of specialists capable of offering solutions to society's problems by combining natural sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics, and contributing to the restoration of Ukraine as a strong, independent and innovative state.
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Alexander, Nicola A., and Karen Seashore Louis. "Minnesota, USA: Minnesota: Finance and Policy in a High Performing U.S. State." In Educational Authorities and the Schools. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38759-4_15.
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Beuve, Jean, and Stéphane Saussier. "Contracting with Public Authorities: Recent Developments." In Handbook of New Institutional Economics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50810-3_26.
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Abstract Recent theoretical and empirical developments suggest that public contracts are characterized by intrinsic differences from private contracts, due to significant oversight and control by political opponents and interest groups, who have an interest in challenging and disrupting the contractual relationship. As a result, public contracts are more rigid and more frequently renegotiated than private contracts. This chapter provides a brief progress report on these recent studies and highlights the need to improve the tools currently available to public procurement departments by introducing more flexibility at the award stage (e.g., negotiation, discretion at the award stage) and at the execution stage (e.g., renegotiation of contracts). The appropriate utilization of this higher flexibility is contingent upon the quality of the institutional framework, as well as the integrity and competencies of public officials.
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Del Tredici, Federico. "Signorie rurali e poteri superiori in Italia settentrionale (secoli XIV-XV)." In La signoria rurale nell’Italia del tardo medioevo. 4. Quadri di sintesi e nuove prospettive di ricerca. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0187-2.13.
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The essay focuses on the relationship between states and rural lordships in northern Italy in the late Middle Ages. Two main questions lie at the core of the investigation: on the one hand, the influence exerted by central authorities on how seigneurial power was performed, legitimised, and transmitted; on the other hand, the role acquired by rural lordships in the organisation of the various states. In both cases the highest attention is paid to the different origins of seigneurial experiences, which still played a crucial part at the end of the Middle Ages in determining the chances of survival of lordships, the lords’ political role, and their prerogatives over subjects.
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Taylor, Linnet. "There Is an App for That: Technological Solutionism as COVID-19 Policy in the Global North." In The New Common. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_30.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic took high-income countries entirely by surprise. Despite funding pandemic preparedness programs in Asia for more than 20 years, donor countries had not experienced an uncontrolled pandemic since HIV in the 1980s. When Ebola, Zika, SARS, and MERS threatened, countries outside the immediate geographic neighborhood or income level of those diseases’ places of origin were left largely untouched. In contrast to the swift, comprehensive response of South-East Asian countries, authorities in Europe and the United States assumed this coronavirus would behave like its predecessors SARS and MERS.What happened next around the world was both harrowing and illuminating. Lacking protective material resources, the human capacity for contact tracing or understanding of the disease, policymakers in higher-income countries turned to technology for a miracle. The technology sector responded with history’s most extensive hackathon, illuminating the mutual shaping of technology and public health policy. The most striking feature of the technological response to the pandemic has been the degree of what Morozov has called solutionism driving it—the belief that complex problems can be solved by technological intervention alone.
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Thalberg, Karin, and Camille Defard. "Building Trust Through Energy Citizenship? The Developing Landscape of Energy Citizenship in France." In Energy Citizenship Across Europe. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70157-3_9.
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AbstractIn 2020, France was the only European Union Member State unable to meet its renewable energy targets. At the same time, the country strives to be a leader in the climate and energy transition and has recently launched an ecological planning strategy to accelerate its pace. In a highly centralised energy and political system, characterised by a stark polarisation between renewables and nuclear energy, what route will the energy transition take, and which roles do citizens, local authorities, civil society, and other stakeholders play now and in the future? This chapter sketches the current French landscape for energy citizenship, understood as citizen engagement and involvement in the energy production, consumption, and governance. Through three case studies across France, it portrays burgeoning engagement and cooperation among local and regional authorities, citizen-led energy initiatives, and the private sector. Notably, these advancements occur within a societal context where trust in the national government is low. For France to realise its aspiration of leading in the energy transition, building trust and bolstering collective mobilisation towards a shared vision of a carbon-neutral future appear crucial. Could energy citizenship be the way forward?
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Seibel, Wolfgang. "Conclusion: Strategic Learning and Situational High Reliability." In Collapsing Structures and Public Mismanagement. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67818-0_6.
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AbstractPublic authorities are not high reliability organizations per se but they need to act as one as soon as safety issues are at stake. When it comes to construction and public infrastructure, however, responsibility for human safety may compete with the perceived necessity to respond to quests for accelerated licensing, fostering the local economy and general urban development, cooperative relations with contractors and consultants, compromises in local politics and similar types of legitimate expectations of clientele and the general public. Strategic learning for the sake of sustainable prevention requires to realize the responsiveness versus responsibility trade-off in the first place and to acknowledge the consequences for personal conduct in office under specific situational conditions. In the essence, it is about the strength and strengthening of professional and institutional integrity for the sake of human safety as an integral part of good governance and mindful public management.
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Weber, Urs. "Funeral Reforms in Taiwan: Insights on Change from a Discourse Analytic Perspective." In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_11.
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AbstractThis chapter examines how Taiwan’s written media justified the state’s introduction of funeral reforms in the second half of the twentieth century. Situating this case study within the broader sociopolitical context of contemporary Taiwan, it illustrates how discourse analysis can be used as a tool for studying change. The state-led reforms induced changes in a field in which religious rituals play an important role, as state authorities operated with priorities differing from ritual practice. Instead, they were concerned with measures for land saving and popularized practices such as cremation or natural burials. The discourse analysis reveals that the justifications brought forward for reforms appeared with a high degree of consistency starting from the late 1970s in Taiwanese press articles. Following Michel Foucault’s understanding of discursive formations, four sub-formations can be distinguished, which all have in common that they are aimed at problematizing ritual practices prevalent at funerals. These sub-formations consisted of considerations concerning the quantitative limits of available cemetery land for graves, arguments referring to the economic advantages of cremation, articulations of the ideal of green cemeteries designed in a park-like fashion, and a critique of geomancy in labeling it superstitious. The discursive voices emerging in the sub-formations were state and local authorities, as well as experts and journalists commenting on reform measures. These priorities and justifications for reforms appeared to be incompatible with religious funeral rituals and are analyzed as changes in terms of a secularization process of Taiwan’s funerary practice. An important finding is that the secular reform measures were, to a large extent, inspired by similar reforms in other regions in the world, and are as such part of a global pattern.
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Miller, Tracy. "1 Invoking Higher Authorities: Song Taizong’s Quest for Imperial Legitimacy and Its Architectural Legacy." In State Power in China, 900-1325. University of Washington Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780295998480-004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Higher state authorities"
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Alybaeva, G. D., S. T. Alybaev, A. N. Tadzhibaev, and D. Ch Imanberdiev. "Innovations in Digitalization of Customs Procedures: Current State and Development Prospects." In International scientific and practical conference “Smart cities and sustainable development of regions” (SMARTGREENS 2024). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63550/iceip.2025.1.1.149.
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The article reveals the features and current state of digitalization of customs procedures for the movement of goods and vehicles crossing the state border and subject to customs declaration. In particular, there is a need to introduce modern digital technologies to serve citizens and enterprises, which will significantly change the attitude of entities engaged in foreign economic activities to assessing the activities of the customs system of Kyrgyzstan. The state of implementation of modern electronic services for automation of customs control is analyzed and the directions of its improvement are determined. In particular, the analysis of tasks to improve the efficiency of customs authorities in the field of process automation by concentrating all efforts on creating favorable conditions for all entities engaged in foreign economic activities, the development of e-customs and testing positive foreign experience in the introduction of innovative information systems and technologies in the management of customs relations, was carried out. It was noted that today an important step in global trade is the automation of all processes of declaring goods during customs clearance of export, import, transit operations and the transition to full electronic document management. The priority of digitalization of customs clearance mechanisms, simplification of customs control mechanisms, the formation of an effective system of analysis and management of customs risks and the introduction of a higher level of responsibility for violations of customs and tax legislation by both entities engaged in foreign economic activities and employees (officials) of customs authorities themselves was noted. Also, the article notes that the role of government authorities in the decision-making process on the passage of goods and vehicles across the customs border should be minimized, which will minimize corruption risks in the work of public administration bodies and impartially identify violations of customs legislation by entities engaged in foreign economic activities.
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Moreeva, Elena, and Julia Shestun. ""COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT" FOR EMPLOYEES OF PRESS-SERVICES OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES (CASE STUDY OF DISTANCE LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS)." In eLSE 2018. ADL Romania, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-060.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the experience of distance learning of specialists of the press-services of government bodies. Distance course "communication management" is aimed at training of press for the under-secretaries of state and municipal authorities, departments, agencies, district administrations and other structures. Despite the fact that professional activity in the field of public relations (including public sector) provides Federal State educational standard of higher education with respect to the "Advertising and public relations", for many practitioners in this area the most relevant is short-term (up to 6 months) program for retraining and improvement of professional skill. In this connection, it became necessary to develop such a course. This article provides review of the implementation of course "Communication management" for employees of press services of state and municipal authorities. Training program, technical means, methodical and didactic technologies and techniques, indicators of satisfaction of trainees according to program results, self-assessment of effectiveness course by instructors and organizers of learning are considered. The experience of the implementation of the distance course "Communication Management" made it possible to analyze the strengths and weaknesses in the training of press officers of state authorities, revise and update its content, improve the technical and technological part, improve the learning process as a whole.
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Sieber, Jakub. "Environmental Aspect of Investment in Solar System in Example of Business Providing Public Services. Case from Slovak Republic." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.431-442.
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This paper focus on environmental investment made in small firm in solar system. Based on literature review and recently introduced financial mechanism of European Union for membership states to recover and help countries to become more efficient, digitalized, and face climate changes after COVID-19 crisis, it becomes crucial to point out that not all “green solutions” might yield sustainable advantages. Case from Slovak Republic shows that investment in solar system made in 2017 is dropping its competitive advantage when we calculate Life Cycle Assessment. Paper is dealing with national policies declared by state authorities in Slovak Republic and also European Union with tendency to lower emissions of CO2. When assuming that goals of state authorities and EU are reachable in field of energetic mix, in this particular case the firm will be leaving higher carbon footprint 10 years after investment in solar panels as it did not invest in solar system. In 2017, the savings in the carbon footprint of the surveyed company in LCA in absolute terms amounted to 1551 tons, or 0.03 tons per kWh, but by assumptions, in 2027 carbon footprint will be higher by 0,005 ton per kWh despite operating own solar system.
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Ghonim, Omar Khaled, Deepti Muley, Mohamed Kharbeche, Yousef Mohamed, and Ahmed Madkoor. "Effect of Pedestrian Penalty on Pedestrian Behavior in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0205.
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Crashes involving pedestrians are a major concern for authorities in many developed and developing countries. To refrain pedestrians from illegal or unsafe road behavior, authorities introduced three pedestrian penalties in the State of Qatar from August 2019. This paper assesses the awareness, perception, and adaptive intentions of the new amendment to the pedestrians’ law. A questionnaire survey, designed in three languages, was distributed online using Qatar University contacts and Twitter account of the General Directorate of Traffic at the Ministry of Interior, State of Qatar. A sample of 521 complete responses was obtained and used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that only 32 % of the respondents were aware of the law amendment before taking this survey. Further, the higher score for perception, adaptive intentions and awareness showed that the respondents were aware of the risks and the law amendment will have a positive effect on their behavior on road as pedestrians. The outcomes of the analysis show the efficacy of the law amendment. However, the actual behavior changes need to be studied by analyzing the pedestrian crash data and conducting a before and after study. Moreover, the study of the effects on pedestrians’ behavior, through empirical observations, is proposed to get insight into actual behaviors after law amendment as a part of future work on the topic.
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Montuori, Lina, Manuel Alcázar-Ortega, Carlos Vargas-Salgado, and Paula Bastida-Molina. "Methodology for the implementation of e-learning class during the COVID-19." In INNODOCT 2020. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2020.2020.11877.
Full textAbstract:
The serious situation caused by the coronavirus has forced Authorities to take drastic decisions that have affected the normal functioning of the entire society. One of the most impactful measures taken has been the self-discipline of the social distancing as the entire society has been obliged to stay at home. At the education level, restrictions ordered by the Authorities have limited the access to all professors and students at the academic centers. In Spain, the state of alarm decreed by the Government has affected the entire Academic course and therefore, in order to be able to preserve the public service, the Polytechnic University of Valencia, in just a week, has been asked to revise the entire programs and settle on-line courses for more than 35.000 students in multiples disciplines. Within this framework, a methodology has been developed for the implementation of on-line learning courses in a period of crisis within a short time. On-line learning has been demonstrated to be effective as face-to-face education, becoming one of the most popular higher education alternatives. However, students engaged in on-line classes result to be less engaged in collaborative learning, student-faculty interactions, and discussions with their classmates if compared to the traditional system. In this context, the barriers of on-line teaching classes have been investigated and tools to overcome them have been proposed. Finally, a real application to the Polytechnic University of Valencia is presented.
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Georgiev, Lazar, and Stoyan Ivanov. "Exploitation problems with particular road and railway composite bridges in Bulgaria." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0660.
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<p>Composite steel-concrete bridges are having wide implementation in the present bridge practice due to their advantages. On the other hand, composite bridges have complex time dependent behaviour due to long term processes in concrete – creep and shrinkage. Stress strain state is a function of the sequence of their construction. In general, building an effective composite bridge needs relatively higher level of knowledge, precision and responsibility from designers, contractors, and relevant authorities. Implementation of composite bridge superstructures in Bulgaria is discussed in this paper. The influence of some problems related with design and construction of particular road and railway bridges on their behaviour during exploitation are analysed. Exploitation problems of three bridges are discussed. Conclusions for reasons leading to these problems and variants for avoiding them in future projects are analysed.</p>
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Georgiev, Lazar, and Stoyan Ivanov. "Exploitation problems with particular road and railway composite bridges in Bulgaria." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0660.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Composite steel-concrete bridges are having wide implementation in the present bridge practice due to their advantages. On the other hand, composite bridges have complex time dependent behaviour due to long term processes in concrete – creep and shrinkage. Stress strain state is a function of the sequence of their construction. In general, building an effective composite bridge needs relatively higher level of knowledge, precision and responsibility from designers, contractors, and relevant authorities. Implementation of composite bridge superstructures in Bulgaria is discussed in this paper. The influence of some problems related with design and construction of particular road and railway bridges on their behaviour during exploitation are analysed. Exploitation problems of three bridges are discussed. Conclusions for reasons leading to these problems and variants for avoiding them in future projects are analysed.</p>
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Singh, Ankit Kumar, V. Naren, R. S. Thillak, and G. Paavai Anand. "Real-Time Car Sharing and Car Rental Portal." In International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ttawzq.
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This portal represents the implementation of a car rental & pooling system. High traffic congestion is one of the issue which is faced by people in their day to day life. Carpooling system may help in reducing unnecessary traffic on roads. Sometime higher authorities encourages people to use carpool system during the period whenever there is a hike in the prices of petroleum products or when the pollution level of that state is going beyond the maximum limits. The main objective of this carpooling system will to enable different persons living in an area to use this system to minimize monthly expenses, no tension of hiring a car at higher cost. The portal aims to create a hybrid link between Car sharing services and Car rental services under the same roof. The car-sharing service enables you to connect and organize passengers for a shared ride in a very short time. Arrangements to combine cars among 2 or even more unrelated people traveling to work or school have not changed in the past. Real-Time Carpooling is based on the use and integration of multiple technologies and provides for more flexible shared trips by allowing riders and drivers to agree on sharing journeys in advance or in the short term. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm have been used in a separate route tab.
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Ahmad, Tayyab. "Performance Criteria Priorities in Green Buildings: A Proof-of-Concept Study." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0188.
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Green Buildings (GBs) are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to resource-intensive traditional buildings. Like any other construction project, GB projects are subject to project management-related criteria, including cost, quality, and schedule performance. In addition to these criteria, GBs also include sustainability performance criteria. As a GB is being developed, some criteria may be prioritized over others. To understand the development and sustainability performance of GB projects, it is necessary to understand the priorities given to different performance criteria and the factors resulting in such priorities. Using the findings from an online survey of 46 GB professionals based in Australia and some Asian countries, it is realized that project management criteria are typically ranked higher in GB projects compared to sustainability performance criteria. The survey has also revealed that these priorities of performance criteria are driven by the choice of owner/developer, obligations from state development authorities, developer's market position, investor requirements, etc. Performance criteria priorities in GBs are also found to be associated with regional factors such as climate, availability of natural resources, regulations, and culture. The findings of this study will support the theoretical development in the field of GB project management by leading to in-depth inquiries in this area.
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Schulcz, Patrik, and Gizella Szabómihály. "A Minority Language in the Shadow of the State Language: Bilingual Communication of Mayor’s Office." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.8-1.
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This paper presents some of the results of a research that was carried out in 2019–2022 in municipal councils in southern Slovakia, in order to dtermine the required competencies, including language skills, of administrative staff. There are a number of municipalities in southern Slovakia where the proportion of the Hungarian minority is higher compared to the proportion of population of Slovak nationality. In such settlements, the dominant language of municipality officers is usually the minority (Hungarian) language, as it is used more often by their clients, compared to the state language. The presentation points out the language-related difficulties encountered from the minority position in the daily work of municipal officers. During oral administration, the officers use translanguaging (or code switching) due to which state language loanwords (mainly the words of administrative terminology) are included in the minority language. This ‘occasionally created’ language, at times when officers use their whole linguistic repertoire, contributes to efficient oral administration, as this language is understood by the administrative officers and the clients as well. However, it is different when the administration is extended to written communication. In this case, the administrative officers must be able to translate texts received from the state or public authorities so that they can be communicated in the language of the minority. Most of the employees have not received training in professional translation, moreover, the municipal officers are not thoroughly familiar with the special administrative terminology in the minority language, and therefore, they do not have the appropriate vocabulary to translate the state language texts into the minority language (Szabómihály 2002). This presentation examines the Hungarian language competence of the officers working at the mayor’s office in one southern Slovakian village and in one town, on the basis of official statements posted online, translated and created by the employees. The presentation examines only those posts where the source text is written in the Slovak state language, and the target language is the language of the minority (Hungarian), and which meet the following criteria: 1. are related to COVID-19 virus and epidemic 2. information related to the local government office (local taxes, opening hours of local government institutions, etc.) 3. are shared in the first half of 2020 The results show that the Hungarian target written texts are usually simplified (compared to the texts in the state language) due to a lack of knowledge of minority terminology, and contain contact-induced phenomena that characterize the contact variety of the Hungarian language in Slovakia.
Reports on the topic "Higher state authorities"
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van den Boogaard, Vanessa, and Fabrizio Santoro. Explaining Informal Taxation and Revenue Generation: Evidence from south-central Somalia. Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.003.
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Most people in low-income countries contribute substantially to the financing of local public goods through informal revenue generation (IRG). However, very little is known about how IRG works in practice. We produce novel evidence on the magnitude and regressivity of IRG and its relationship with the state in a fragile context, Somalia. We rely on original data from surveys with over 2,300 households and 117 community leaders in Gedo region, as well as on extensive qualitative research. We first show that IRG is prevalent. Over 70 per cent of households report paying at least one informal tax or fee in the previous year, representing on average 9.5 per cent of annual income. We also find that, among households that contribute, poorer ones contribute larger amounts than richer ones, with higher incidence in relation to their income. Further, in line with theory and expectations, informal payments have inequitable community-level effects, with individuals in wealthier communities making more informal payments than in poorer ones and, correspondingly, having access to a greater number of public goods. We then consider four explanations for the prevalence of IRG. First, IRG clearly fills gaps left by weak state capacity. Relatedly, we show that IRG can bolster perceptions and legitimacy of the state, indicating that sub-national governments may actually benefit from informal taxation. Second, informal taxing authorities are more effective tax collectors than the state, with informal taxing authorities having greater legitimacy and taxpayers perceiving informal payments to be fairer than those levied by the state. Third, dispelling the possibility that informal payments should be classified as user fees, taxpayers overwhelmingly expect nothing in return for their contributions. Fourth, in contrast to hypotheses that informal payments may be voluntary, taxpayers associate informal payments with punishment and informal institutions of enforcement. Our research reinforces the importance of IRG to public goods provision in weak formal institutional contexts, to everyday citizens, and to policymakers attempting to extend the influence of the federal state in south-central Somalia. Foremost, informal tax institutions need to be incorporated within analyses of taxation, service delivery, social protection, and equity. At the same time, our findings of the complementary nature of IRG and district-level governance and of the relative efficiency of revenue generation by local leaders have important implications for understanding statebuilding processes from below. Indeed, our findings suggest that governments may have little incentive to extend their taxing authority in some fragile contexts.
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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Michael Kull, John Moodie, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Public service delivery in the Nordic Region: An exercise in collaborative governance. Nordregio, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:4.1403-2503.
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Nordic welfare states are world renowned for providing high quality public services. Nordic municipal and regional authorities, in particular, play a central role in the delivery of key public services in areas, such as, health, education, and social care. However, in recent years, public authorities have faced several challenges which have reduced capacity and resources, including long periods of austerity following the 2008 financial crash, rapid demographic changes caused by an ageing population, and the COVID-19 health crisis. In response to these challenges many public authorities have looked to inter-regional, inter-municipal and cross-border collaborations to improve the quality and effectiveness of public service delivery (OECD 2017; ESPON 2019). Indeed, collaborative public service delivery is becoming increasingly prominent in the Nordic Region due to a highly decentralized systems of governance (Nordregio 20015; Eythorsson 2018).
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Belafi, Carmen. Where There’s a Will There’s a Way: The Role of Political Will in Creating/Producing/Shaping Education Systems for Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/043.
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This Insight Note argues that political will is a decisive factor in explaining both the homogeneity in the expansion of schooling and the heterogeneity in the expansion of learning, and introduces three takeaways as necessary conditions for a meaningful and sustained prioritisation of learning: The highest authorities of a country have the political will to prioritise learning. The highest authorities of a country want to get every child learning (as they define learning goals as universal goals). The highest authorities of a country adopt a long-horizon view to reap the benefits of a learning-oriented system for the long haul. That said, there are good reasons why many disdain appeals to ‘political will’ and why political will is described as “the slipperiest concept in the policy lexicon” (Hammergren 1998: 12).1 My purpose is not to invoke political will as a deus ex machina or an exogenously given characteristic of a country like its latitude. I explore what political will is (and who needs to have it), how one can identify it, and how it arises in different political regime types. To make “because they wanted it” a workable and useful insight, we need to dig deeper into questions such as: “How do some countries come to want to and others not?” and “What, if anything, can be done to foment the wanting to?” As will be shown, the standard RISE Systems Framework is only partially capable of explaining how the political willof the highest authorities of a state is formed. Therefore, an additional typology of political regimes is introduced to distinguish between different modalities of rule and state-society relations. This typology not only helps in separating different ways in which political will is formed, but also outlines different pathways for how political will may be fostered, depending on the type of regime. The Insight Note is structured as follows: Section 2 defines the term ‘political will’. Section 3 hones in on the three key points and offers empirical examples of political will and prioritisation of learning. Section 4 discusses the formation of political will in different political contexts and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the RISE Systems Framework in capturing the different modalities of political will formation. Section 5 introduces a typology of political regimes that can help guide analysis on how political will is formed in different regime types and how interventions to create political will may have to look different depending on the type of political system. Section 6 concludes.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Tax Transparency for an Effective Tax System. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.070.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the transparency in the tax system and its benefits; e.g. rising revenue, strengthen citizen/state relationship, and rule of law. Improvements in tax transparency can help in strengthening public finances in developing countries that are adversely affected by COVID-19. The current context (i.e. a global pandemic, widespread economic slowdown/recessions, and declining tax revenues) engenders the urgency of improving domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) and the fight against illicit financial flows (IFFs). Even before the advent of COVID-19, developing countries’ tax systems were facing several challenges, including weak tax administrations, low taxpayer morale and “hard-to-tax” sectors. The presence of informational asymmetry (i.e. low tax transparency) between taxpayers and tax authorities generates loopholes for abuse of the tax system. It allows the hiding of wealth abroad with a limited risk of being caught. Cases of such behaviour that are exposed without proper penalty may result in a decline in the morale of citizens and a lower level of voluntary compliance with tax legislation. A number of high-profile tax leaks and scandals have undermined public confidence in the fairness of tax systems and generated a strong demand for effective counteraction and tax transparency. One of the key contributing factors to lower tax revenues in developing countries (that is linked to low tax transparency) is a high level of IFFs. These flows, including international tax evasion and the laundering of corruption proceeds, build a major obstacle to successful DRM efforts. Research has also identified an association between organisational transparency (e.g. transparency by businesses and tax authorities) and stakeholder trust (e.g. between citizens and the state). However, the evidence is mixed as to how transparency in particular influences trust and perceptions of trustworthiness.
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Ingvarson, Lawrence, and Hilary Hollingsworth. HALT Certification: Reducing the workload, increasing the rigour and cutting the cost. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-723-6.
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In December 2022, federal, state and territory education ministers released a National Teacher Workforce Action Plan to improve teacher supply and retention in the profession. While recognising the important role that Highly Accomplished and Lead Teacher (HALT) certification could play, the plan also recognised that the current approach to certification was cumbersome for teachers and called for it to be ‘streamlined’. At the request of the education ministers, the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (AITSL) has produced a revised Framework for the Certification of HALT Teachers. Guided by the Framework, certifying authorities across state and territory school systems will be responsible for ‘less onerous, while being rigorous’ processes for assessing applications. This paper is based on a project called the Portfolio Project conducted by ACER between 2015 and 2018 to develop methods to reduce the application workload for teachers and assessors while increasing the validity and reliability of the certification process. These methods were trialed with positive results. Based on lessons learned during the Project, this paper suggests ways to strengthen the efficiency and credibility of the HALT certification process, while also making it a more satisfying and effective vehicle for teachers’ professional development.
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Baxter, Sasha, Mariana Salazni, Cherran O'Brien, et al. The Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 2: Issue 4: October 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008092.
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The Caribbean Region Quarterly Bulletin discusses recent economic developments and analyzes the topic of energy for the 6 IDB-member Caribbean countries, as well as the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The countries are: The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. This issue highlights fiscal developments for 2013, which may outperform expectations in Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. In contrast, high fiscal deficits have forced the governments of The Bahamas, Barbados and Jamaica to adopt further expenditure cuts and new tax regimes. In Suriname, authorities remain committed to reducing the fiscal deficit, despite falling gold prices. This issue also assesses debt sustainability under different gold prices in Suriname. It also analyzes the existing energy structure in each of the Caribbean countries and discusses possible alternatives to resolve the high cost of energy and import dependency for the region as a whole.
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Chandra, Shailesh, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Princeton Wong. Evaluating Innovative Financing Mechanisms for the California High-Speed Rail Project. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2047.
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Millions of dollars are involved in high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure construction and maintenance. Large-scale projects like HSR require funding from a variety of avenues beyond those available through public monies. Although HSR serves the general public’s mobility needs, any funds (whether State or Federal) flowing from the public exchequer usually undergo strict review and scrutiny. Funds from public agencies are always limited, making such traditional financing mechanisms unsustainable for fulfilling HSR’s long-term operational and maintenance cost needs—on top of initial costs involved in construction. Therefore, any sustainable means of financing HSR projects would always be welcome. This research presents an alternate revenue generation mechanism that could be sustainable for financing HSR’s construction, operation, and maintenance. The methodology involves determining key HSR stations, which, after development and improvement, could significantly add value to businesses and real estate growth. Any form of real estate taxes levied on properties surrounding such stations could substantially support the HSR project’s funding needs. In this research, a bi-objective optimization problem is posed in conjunction with a Pareto-optimal front framework to identify those key stations. With 28 California HSR stations used as an example, it was observed that the four proposed HSR stations in Fullerton, Millbrae-SFO, San Francisco Transbay Terminal, and San Diego would be excellent candidates for development. Their development could increase the economic vitality of surrounding businesses. The findings could serve as valuable information for California HSR authorities to focus on developing key stations that would generate an alternate funding source for an HSR project facing funding challenges.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2030.
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Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2030.
Full textAbstract:
Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.
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Fernández de la Reguera Ahedo, Alethia. Working paper PUEAA No. 17. Asylum seeking African families in transit through Mexico: between border controls and international protection. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.002r.2023.
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African migrants in Mexico are migratory flows that have been less studied than migration from Latin America (Cinta Cruz, 2020). In the last five years, migrants from 35 different African countries were detained in Mexico. Although arrests of African persons are much lower than in the case of Central American countries, on average, between 6 and 19 African persons are detained per day. It is essential to know their mobility patterns, identify their international protection needs, and the main obstacles they face, whether to cross into the United States or to remain in Mexico as refugees (Narváez Gutiérrez, 2015). In addition, these populations are often highly stigmatized and exposed to face racism and institutional violence when they contact Mexican authorities (Immigration, 2021). In this working paper, my objective is to present some data on the migration of African people in Mexico after the arrival of caravans in 2018 and to reflect on the impact of a global discourse that stereotypes migrants as criminals or sick people in the access to human rights of African asylum seekers in Mexico and on the effects of a growing tendency to treat migrants as beneficiaries of temporary humanitarian aid rather than as subjects of rights.