Academic literature on the topic 'Highest Prevalence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Highest Prevalence"
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Borges, Ana Camilla das Neves, Lucianna Machado Almeida de Arquino, Erick Santana de Souza, et al. "PREVALENCE OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ACCORDING TO SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION IN BRAZILIAN ADULTS." REVISTA FOCO 17, no. 12 (2024): e7372. https://doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v17n12-198.
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Introduction: Physical activity contributes to the prevention and treatment of various pathologies. However, part of the world's population remains inactive. Socioeconomic position is an essential determinant in adherence to active leisure behavior. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity according to the socioeconomic situation of Brazilian adults. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 National Health Survey, containing 40,573 individuals with an average age (39.8±10.5). Leisure-time physical activity was assessed using a dichotomous question from the last 12 months as a reference. Socioeconomic position was evaluated by family income, education, occupation, and geographic location. Prevalences were described according to socioeconomic position stratified by sex, age, and confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Regarding family income, the highest prevalence was in individuals with income greater than five minimum wages, 67.2% (95%CI=64.9-69.4). Regarding education, the highest prevalence was among individuals with complete secondary education, 62.6% (95%CI=60.5-64.7). In occupation, the highest prevalences were among the military, 77.2% (95%CI=68.5-84.5). The highest prevalence was in the Central-West region, 46.8% (95%CI=45.3-48.4). Conclusion: Individuals with a higher socioeconomic position tend to perform more physical activity during leisure time. In this way, it is possible to affirm that social and economic factors guide this behavior.
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Chen, Hanyi, Lude Lin, Jieyi Chen, and Fang Huang. "Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Primary Dentition, 2010–2024: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 12, no. 13 (2024): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131321.
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The present review was aimed to describe the prevalence and the regional distribution of malocclusion among preschool children worldwide. Two independent reviewers performed a systematic literature search to identify English publications from January 2010 to May 2024 using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Embase. Search MeSH key words were “malocclusion”, “primary dentition” and “child, preschool”. The reporting quality was assessed by the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We identified 2599 publications and recruited 47 articles. Fourteen of the included studies were conducted in Asia, four in Europe, twenty-eight in South America and one in Africa. The prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 28.4% to 83.9%, and half of the reported prevalences were higher than 50%. The highest percentage was in Asia (61.81%), followed by Europe (61.50%), South America (52.69%) and Africa (32.50%). Statistically significant differences existed in deep overbite, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship and distal step between continents (p < 0.05). Europe showed the highest prevalence (33.08%) of deep overbite. Africa showed the highest prevalence (18.60%) of anterior open bite. Europe showed the highest prevalence (15.38%) of posterior crossbite. The most common malocclusion traits were increased overjet and deep overbite. To conclude, malocclusion remained prevalent in the primary dentition and varied between countries.
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Dehghani-Samani, Azam, Yaser Pirali, Samin Madreseh-Ghahfarokhi, and Amir Dehghani-Samani. "Parasitic infection status of different native species of Columbidae family in southwest of Iran." Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2020.09.00277.
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In current investigation, for the first time, prevalence of parasites in different native members of columbidae family were studied carefully in Shahrekord, located in southwest of Iran. Totally 220 birds from 4 different species were examined for presence of every ectoparasites and endoparasites by use of identification keys for parasites. After preparation of blood smears, oral cavity and crop wet smears, feces samples and their direct smears, flotation of feces and evisceration of examined birds, isolation and identification of parasites were done via laboratory methods and identification keys. Results of current study show the occurrence and prevalence of different parasites in examined groups. The common blood parasite with highest prevalence is Haemoproteous columbae in Rock pigeons (27.27%). The highest prevalence of Leukocytozoon marchouxi is for Rock Pigeons (5.54%). Columbicola columbae is the common ectoparsite with highest prevalence in Rock pigeons (56.36%), the highest prevalence of Menopon gallinae is for Rock Pigeons (21.81%), also the highest prevalence of Pseudolynchia canariensis and Lipeurus caponis are for Rock pigeons (36.36% and 16.36% respectively). The highest prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae is for Rock pigeons (67.27%). The highest prevalence of Eimeria labbeana is for Laughing Doves (30.90%). Highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis is for Rock pigeons (3.63%) and the highest prevalence Echinostoma revolutum is for Rock Pigeons (20%). Ascaridia columbae has the highest prevalence in Domestic Pigeons (25.45%). The highest prevalence of Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona are for Rock Pigeons (7.27%, 18.18% and 12.72% respectively). Results of current study for the first time show the considerable level of parasitic infections in the examined groups in this area.
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Dehghani-Samani, Azam, Yaser Pirali, Samin Madreseh-Ghahfarokhi, and Amir Dehghani-Samani. "Parasitic infection status of different native species of Columbidae family in southwest of Iran." Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2020.09.0027.
Full textAbstract:
In current investigation, for the first time, prevalence of parasites in different native members of columbidae family were studied carefully in Shahrekord, located in southwest of Iran. Totally 220 birds from 4 different species were examined for presence of every ectoparasites and endoparasites by use of identification keys for parasites. After preparation of blood smears, oral cavity and crop wet smears, feces samples and their direct smears, flotation of feces and evisceration of examined birds, isolation and identification of parasites were done via laboratory methods and identification keys. Results of current study show the occurrence and prevalence of different parasites in examined groups. The common blood parasite with highest prevalence is Haemoproteous columbae in Rock pigeons (27.27%). The highest prevalence of Leukocytozoon marchouxi is for Rock Pigeons (5.54%). Columbicola columbae is the common ectoparsite with highest prevalence in Rock pigeons (56.36%), the highest prevalence of Menopon gallinae is for Rock Pigeons (21.81%), also the highest prevalence of Pseudolynchia canariensis and Lipeurus caponis are for Rock pigeons (36.36% and 16.36% respectively). The highest prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae is for Rock pigeons (67.27%). The highest prevalence of Eimeria labbeana is for Laughing Doves (30.90%). Highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis is for Rock pigeons (3.63%) and the highest prevalence Echinostoma revolutum is for Rock Pigeons (20%). Ascaridia columbae has the highest prevalence in Domestic Pigeons (25.45%). The highest prevalence of Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona are for Rock Pigeons (7.27%, 18.18% and 12.72% respectively). Results of current study for the first time show the considerable level of parasitic infections in the examined groups in this area.
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Márquez-Pérez, Kenia, Cecilia Mónica Zúñiga-López, Rafael Torres-Rosas, and Liliana Argueta-Figueroa. "[Reported prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and teenagers]." Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social 61, no. 5 (2023): 653–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8316465.
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<strong>Abstract </strong> Dental caries is a serious multifactorial oral disease that causes demineralization of the tooth’s hard tissues and affects more than half of the world's population. The objective of this exploratory systematic review was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and adolescents, as well as related factors such as sex, nutritional status, type of dentition, education, living conditions, socioeconomic level, and the type of demographic area. The eligibility criteria to be considered were observational studies whose sample included Mexicans 0-15 years of age in which the prevalence or an index of dental caries had been evaluated. Eligible studies were identified through the search carried out in 6 databases and manual search, without publication time restriction. Fifty-four studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. In these included studies it was observed that, in the last decades, the prevalence of caries in Mexican children and adolescents exhibits a tendency to decrease this disease. In the 1980s, caries prevalences of up to 92.8% were reported; between 1990-1999, the highest reported prevalence was 97%; from 2000-2009, the highest reported prevalence was 95%; from 2010 to 2019 the highest prevalence was 94.6%; and from 2020 and 2021, prevalences of up to 88.5% were reported. Although there has been a decrease in the prevalence of caries in Mexican children, this disease continues to be linked to biological, behavioral and socioeconomic determinants. <strong>Resumen </strong> La caries dental es una enfermedad bucodental multifactorial grave que provoca la desmineralización de los tejidos duros del diente y afecta a más de la mitad de la población mundial. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática exploratoria fue determinar la prevalencia de caries dental en niños y adolescentes mexicanos, así como los factores relacionados como el sexo, el estado nutricional, el tipo de dentición, la educación, las condiciones de vida, el nivel socioeconómico y el tipo de área demográfica. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron estudios observacionales cuya muestra incluyera mexicanos de 0 a 15 años en los que se hubiera evaluado la prevalencia o un índice de caries dental. Los estudios elegibles fueron identificados mediante la búsqueda realizada en 6 bases de datos y de manera manual, sin restricción de tiempo de publicación. Se encontraron 54 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En estos estudios incluidos se observó que en las últimas décadas la prevalencia de caries en niños y adolescentes mexicanos exhibe una tendencia a la baja. En la década de 1980, se reportaron prevalencias de caries de hasta 92.8%; entre 1990-1999, la mayor prevalencia reportada fue de 97%; de 2000-2009, la prevalencia más alta reportada fue de 95%; de 2010 a 2019 la mayor prevalencia fue de 94.6%; y de 2020 y 2021, se reportaron prevalencias de hasta 88.5%. Aunque ha habido un decremento en la prevalencia de caries en niños mexicanos, esta enfermedad continúa vinculada a determinantes biológicas, conductuales y socioeconómicas.
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Kagira, John Maina, Paul Njuki Kanyari, Ndicho Maingi, Samuel Maina Githigia, Chege Ng'ang'a, and John Gachohi. "Relationship between the Prevalence of Ectoparasites and Associated Risk Factors in Free-Range Pigs in Kenya." ISRN Veterinary Science 2013 (July 24, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/650890.
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A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites and possible risk factors in free-range pigs from 135 farms of Busia District, Kenya. Three hundred and six pigs were examined for presence of external parasites using standard parasitological methods. Data on management practices including housing and history of acaricide spraying were also collected. The ectoparasites found in the pigs were Haematopinus suis (96.1%), Sarcoptes scabiei (63.7%), and ticks (29.7%). The tick species included Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (70%), Boophilus decoloratus (31%), and Amblyomma variegatum (12%). The occurrence of the infestations was associated with age, being highest in sows (S. scabiei) and finishers (ticks and H. suis). Male pigs had highest prevalences of H. suis and ticks, while female pigs had highest prevalence of S. scabiei. The prevalence of the parasitic infestations was significantly () associated with their origin being either lower (H. suis and S. scabiei) or higher (ticks) in pigs originating from divisions with high rainfall. Housed pigs had significantly () lower prevalence of H. suis and ticks than those from households without pig housing. It is concluded that the free-range pigs have high prevalence of ectoparasites, and effective control strategies focussing on improved animal husbandry and acaricide use should be implemented.
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Khan, R. A. "Prevalence of trypanosome infections in the marine leech Johanssonia arctica off eastern Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-170.
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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trypanosomal stages, indistinguishable from Trypanosoma murmanensis, in the marine leech Johanssonia arctica off eastern Newfoundland, Canada, from 1972 to 1990. Prevalence of the infection was highest between May and October, with a peak in July, and lowest during winter. The highest prevalences were also associated with a high percentage of engorged leeches in summer–autumn. Prevalence of infection in recently emerged leeches, following their first blood meal, was greater in July than at other times of the year. Similarly, the percentage of infection increased with age of the leech and was greater in summer than in winter. The number of leeches, as well as the prevalence of infection, decreased offshore. Prevalence of infection was observed to be substantially lower in saliva than in gut contents. A study of host preference on J. arctica indicated that a greater percentage of blood meals was taken from flatfish in summer; in winter, as the latter became submerged in sediment, there was a shift in feeding to eelpouts and wolffish. The prevalence of the infection was greater in fish, especially flatfish, closer to shore than in offshore areas and corresponds to the abundance of the vector. Results from the present study suggest that infections in the leech reach a peak during summer–autumn and are acquired mainly from flatfish, in which prevalence of the infection adjacent to the coast is highest.
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Agana-Nsiire, Patrick, Ekow Kaitoo, Emmanuel Erasmus Akurugu Agongo, et al. "Yaws Prevalence, Lessons from the Field and the Way Forward towards Yaws Eradication in Ghana." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (December 31, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/910937.
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Despite past WHO/UNICEF led global yaws eradication efforts, the disease seems to persist. The true burden is however not known for comprehensive action. Ghana’s data showed significant increase in notified cases since the 1970s. Recognizing limitations in routine data, we carried out a yaws treatment survey in 2008 in three purposively selected districts to establish the prevalence and learn lessons for renewed action. Of 208,413 school children examined, 4,006 were suspected yaws cases (prevalence 1.92 (95% CI: 1.86–1.98) percent). Of 547 schools surveyed, 13% had prevalence between 5% and 10% while 3% had prevalence above 10%. The highest school prevalence was 19.5%. Half of the schools had cases. The large sample allowed aggregating the school results by administrative levels. The lowest aggregated prevalences of 0.23%, 0.40%, and 0.64% were in the urban sub-districts of Asamankese, Oda, and Achiase, respectively, while the highest of 8.61%, 3.69%, and 1.4% were in rural Akroso, Mepom, and Aperade, respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of yaws is high in some schools in rural, hard-to-reach areas of Ghana. Considering past global eradication efforts, our findings suggest yaws may be resurging for which programmatic action is needed.
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ZOLER, MITCHEL L. "U.S. Prevalence of ADHD at Highest in 2007–2008." Pediatric News 44, no. 12 (2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(10)70538-5.
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Short, Robert. "Black Africans have highest prevalence of tuberculosis in UK." BMJ 333, no. 7576 (2006): 988.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39024.660949.db.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Highest Prevalence"
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Estes, Sandra Ambrose. "The Prevalence of Prescription Stimulant Use in a Sample of Nursing Students." Thesis, The University of Alabama, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10260176.
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<p> Substance use and abuse has been studied for years and has been proven to be a problem among college students and there is a growing number of students who abuse prescription stimulants, despite increased campaigns to educate, raise awareness and prevent this health epidemic. The rate for prescription type drug abuse among nurses is more than twice that of the general population. Additionally, nurses have particular risk factors specific to the occupation. Despite these overwhelming statistics, prevalence studies for nursing students with legitimate prescriptions who use appropriately, or misuse their prescription are very scarce.</p><p> A quantitative approach was used to examine use and misuse of prescription stimulant medications among nursing students who were members of a professional nursing organization within Alabama. Investigate predictive risk factors and motives for any illicit use were examined as well. Of the 1,111 members, a response rate of 9.2% was obtained (n = 102). Of the 102 respondents, 3 were ineligible, 11 declined participation of did not progress past the informed consent document. There were 88 participants with usable data. This study found 54.5% who reported no use at all. Legitimate use was found to be 14.8%. Illicit use was found to be 30.7% of participants. There was a statistically significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in grade point averages between the groups that is consistent with prior findings. However, this study did not yield significant findings for age, time in extracurricular activities, or PanHellenic membership. Motivations for illicit prescription stimulant abuse were similar to those in previous studies.</p><p> These findings have importance in the field of nursing education and substance abuse prevention. By increasing our knowledge base, faculty can be better equipped to educate their nursing students on the dangers of self-medication, diverting medications and the harm that eventually comes from this illegal activity.</p><p>
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Reed, Jerilyn Jean. "The Impact of Substance Use on the Prevalence of Sexual Misconduct at Institutions in the Midwest." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10746774.
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<p> Sexual assault has been an issue facing institutions of higher education for many years (Office of Civil Rights, 2011). Alcohol plays a role in both who have been victims of sexual assault and who have perpetrated the crime of sexual assault (Crawford, Wright, & Birchmeier, 2008). The purpose of this study was to look at sexual misconduct at institutions of higher education and to determine if substance use, such as alcohol or drugs, is a factor in the incidence of sexual misconduct happening to students on college campuses. The quantitative data section of the study reviewed three years of data from the Survey of College Health and Behavior. Baseline data were reviewed to show the rate of individuals experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact. Almost 6% of students reported they were taken advantage of sexually due to alcohol use. Over 16% reported they had engaged in risky sexual behavior due to alcohol use, and over 3% had been taken advantage of sexually due to alcohol use by others. Over 1% of students reported they had taken advantage of someone due to their alcohol use. More than 18% of students reported using alcohol or drugs to feel more comfortable with a sexual partner. Half of the 12 survey questions asked had an average of over 70% of respondents who had utilized protective factors. For the qualitative portion of the study, seven interviews were conducted with Title IX Coordinators at higher education institutions in the Midwest with experience ranging from one year to 15 years of working with sexual misconduct in the collegiate setting. Four themes emerged from the interviews: consent, communication, programming, and promotion. Based on the findings from this study, students need to be aware of the connection between substance use and sexual misconduct.</p><p>
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Maroto, Maya E. "Food insecurity among community college students| Prevalence and relationship to GPA, energy, and concentration." Thesis, Morgan State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3587788.
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<p> The latest U.S. government surveys indicate that one in six Americans suffer from food insecurity, which means they have trouble affording adequate food. Previous research has shown that food insecurity affects adult cognitive ability, energy levels, ability to concentrate as well as child academic success. Food insecurity has been studied in college students at 4-year institutions; however, research on the community college population is sparse. This study aimed to better understand the extent and implications of food insecurity among community college students attending two community colleges in Maryland. </p><p> The research was carried out using a survey that collected data related to student food insecurity, demographics, along with self-reported Grade Point Average (GPA), energy, and concentration levels in 301 community college students. Approximately half of the students attended a suburban community college (n=151) and half of the students attended an urban community college (n=150). Data from each school were compared to examine issues affecting students attending each institution. </p><p> The study revealed that over half of the community college student respondents were food insecure and that food insecurity was slightly less prevalent among respondents at the suburban community than those from the urban community college. African American students and multiracial students were more likely to experience food insecurity than White students. Students who lived alone, with roommates or with spouses/partners were more likely to experience food insecurity than students who lived with parents or relatives. Single parents were also more likely to be food insecure than students who were not single parents. </p><p> Food insecurity was significantly associated with student GPA, energy, and concentration in the overall student sample. Food insecure students were more likely to fall into a lower GPA category than they were to fall into the highest GPA category. Food insecure students were also more likely to report lower energy and concentration levels and the degree of food insecurity appeared to affect the probability of low energy or difficulty concentrating. When considering each community college separately, food insecurity was significantly associated with GPA at the suburban community college but not at the urban community college. Also, food insecurity had a stronger association with energy and concentration at the urban community college than at the suburban community college.</p>
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Kim, Myo-Kyoung. "PEER-REPORTING OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY IN CLASSROOM AND ONLINE EXAMINATIONS: PREVALENCE, EXPERIENCES, PERCEPTIONS, AND BELIEFS OF PHARMACY STUDENTS." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3723.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate pharmacy students’ experiences, perceptions, and beliefs regarding peer-reporting of academic dishonesty by adopting a cross-sectional anonymous survey to pharmacy students in the United States. In addition, this study identified factors that may affect pharmacy students’ likelihood of reporting peers’ academic dishonesty including the relationship between the cheater and their observer, the severity of the punishment on the reported cheating, and the reporting systems. Fifty-six out of 271 respondents (20.7%) reported their engagement of academic dishonesty. One hundred forty-four respondents (53.1%) reported that they directly observed someone else’s cheating behavior. One hundred eighty-nine respondents (69.7%) reported that they indirectly heard about someone else’s cheating behavior from others who directly observed cheating; yet, only 25 respondents (9.2%) peer-reported their classmates’ cheating.The current study shows that although the majority of participants believe that peer-reporting is ethical, they have not reported the cheating they observed due in part to fear of retaliation and no information (or clear direction) on who they should report to or how to report. Additionally, the current study shows that if an innovative system to anonymously report cheating (e.g., a specific peer-reporting website or hotline to protect confidentiality) is adopted, the likelihood to report in the innovative system is higher than in the current system across all types of student-student relationships and all levels of punishment. The current study also demonstrated a statistically significant inverse relationship between likelihood to report and punishment severity. Peer-reporting can be an effective method when well-established polices protect peer-reporters from retaliation and when transparent and reasonable punishments are assigned to those who engage in academic dishonesty. It is imperative that pharmacy schools consider these findings, review their policies regarding academic integrity and its peer-reporting, and modify practices so that professionalism is encouraged and expected.
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Fernandes, Luís Filipe Macedo da Cunha. "Bullying e cyberbullying no ensino superior." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10317.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia<br>O objetivo deste estudo consiste em investigar a prevalência do fenómeno bullying e do cyberbullying no ensino superior. Quanto à metodologia a ser utilizada é a quantitativa, com a aplicação de um questionário a alunos do ensino superior das universidades do Porto (N=500). Num primeiro momento, torna-se imperativo estudar a conceptualização do bullying, do cyberbullying e suas causas. Já o segundo momento, consiste na aplicação do questionário e na análise dos resultados, para assim, dar lugar a futuros planos de prevenção e controlar o fenómeno. Simultaneamente, procura-se perceber se a comunidade académica está familiarizada com os conceitos do bullying e do cyberbullying, permitindo assim entender a perceção dos inquiridos sobre o seu grau de envolvimento nos fenómenos.<br>The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in higher education. The methodology to be used is quantitative, with the application of a questionnaire to higher education students at universities in Porto (N=500). In a first moment, it is imperative to study the conceptualization of bullying, cyberbullying and its causes. The second moment consists of the application of the questionnaire and the analysis of the results, in order to give way to future plans for the prevention and control of the phenomenon. At the same time, we seek to understand if the academic community is familiar with the concepts of bullying and cyberbullying, thus allowing us to understand the perception of respondents about their degree of involvement in the phenomena.<br>N/A
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Hart, Nigel David. "The stroke offspring study : do people with a parental history of stroke have a higher prevalence of modifiable risk factors?" Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437535.
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Haynes, Robert Michael. "A Predictive Model of Hispanic Participation in Texas Higher Education: Inferences Drawn from Institutional Data in Prevalent Hispanic States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11036/.
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In Texas, Hispanic populations (people of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race) have increased from 6.7 million in 2000 to 7.4 million in 2005, or by approximately 10.5%. This growth trend is expected to continue with estimates that Hispanics will represent approximately 37% of the state's population by 2015. The problem this research addressed is that participation in higher education by Texas Hispanics is not keeping pace with the growth in the Texas Hispanic population. If allowed to continue, the state could be in danger of realizing devastating economic and societal consequences. The present study utilized regression analysis to determine how well four institutional characteristics explained the variance in Hispanic enrollment and graduation percentages of students attending public 4-year institutions in states with prevalent Hispanic populations. Findings indicate that while local Hispanic population is a strong, positive predictor of Hispanic enrollments, it has a negative impact on Hispanic graduation rates. The independent variables of average cost of attendance and average financial aid package are the strongest predictors of Hispanic graduation percentages. Implications for the state of Texas include stress on public 4-year institutions in coping with Hispanic population increases, possible enrollment overflows at the community college level, and need for additional allocations to state and institutional financial aid programs.
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Haynes, Robert Michael Bush V. Barbara. "A predictive model of Hispanic participation in Texas Higher Education inferences drawn from institutional data in prevalent Hispanic states /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11036.
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Xu, Shuhang [Verfasser]. "17ß-estradiol stimulates growth and inhibits function of thyroid stem/progenitor cells : a clue to understand the higher prevalence of thyroid nodules in females / Shuhang Xu." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042658358/34.
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Khangala, Busisiwe Nobuhle. "An investigation into the prevalence of knowledge management practices within the libraries of two institutions on the verge of a merger : Cape Technikon and Peninsula Technikon." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16363.
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Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In terms of the Higher Education Act, 1997 (Act No. 101 of 1997: Notice no: 1700), the Cape
Technikon and the Peninsula Technikon will merge on 1 January 2005 to become a single
institution known as the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. This merger is part of the
South African government’s effort to streamline education spending priorities, whilst evening
out the differences between historically white and historically black institutions. During the
apartheid era the Peninsula Technikon was established mainly for black (i.e. Coloured and
African) students and the Cape Technikon for white students.
There are a number of problems and challenges that can be expected by these institutions
before, during and after the merger. These include, among others, identity crises that might
result from the clash of different cultures because of the different backgrounds of these two
institutions. If the merger is not handled properly, especially where human and cultural issues
are concerned, it might not be successful. Higher education institutions are recognized as being
in the knowledge business, and libraries play a central role in this regard. Academic librarians
specifically have a significant knowledge management role to play in their institutions. In the
case of the Cape Technikon and Peninsula Technikon libraries, it would thus be very important
to understand each institution’s culture and what their existing knowledge management
practices are, so that by the time of the actual merger they will know how to cooperate
productively and effectively.
Given the complexity of mergers and their wide ranging ramifications, as well as potential
problems that might hamper the smooth operations of the institutions, the aim of this study was
to investigate the knowledge management practices of the libraries of these two institutions.
Thereafter recommendations were made, based on the findings, as to how to apply knowledge
management practices to increase the capabilities of the two institutions’ libraries and enhance
their operational efficiency. The methods of investigation were qualitative in nature and
comprised questionnaires which were filled in by the librarians of both institutions as well as
in-depth interviews with senior staff members of both libraries. The study also made other
observations which related to the feel of the environments and people’s attitude which were
also quite revealing. Although both libraries displayed knowledge management practices, the
Cape Technikon was found to be more advanced in some regards than the Peninsula
Technikon. Finally, recommendations were made on how to apply certain specific knowledge management
practices successfully after the merger. These included a recommendation that both institutions
ensure that there are processes in place to ensure that knowledge is recorded on an ongoing
basis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In terme van die Wet op Hoër Onderwys, 1997 (Wet Nr 101 van 1997: Kennisgewing Nr:
1700), sal die Kaapse Technikon en die Skiereiland Technikon op 1 Januarie 2005 saamsmelt
om ’n enkele instelling te word, naamlik die Kaapse Skiereiland Universiteit van Tegnologie.
Hierdie samesmelting is deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se poging om die prioriteite op
opleidingsuitgawes te stroomlyn, terwyl die verskille tussen wat histories wit en swart
instellings was, uitgestryk word. Gedurende die Apartheid era was die Skiereiland Technikon
veral vir swart studente (m.a.w. Gekleurdes en Afrikane), en die Kaapse Technikon vir wit
studente.
Daar is talle probleme en uitdagings wat verwag kan word by hierdie instellings voor,
gedurende en na die samesmelting. Hierdie sluit in, onder andere, identiteitskrisisse wat dalk
kan opduik as gevolg van die verskillende agtergronde van hierdie twee instellings. As die
samesmelting nie behoorlik hanteer word nie, veral wat menslike en kulturele kwessies betref,
kan dit onsuksesvol wees. Instellings vir hoër onderwys word erken as in die besigheid van
kennis, en biblioteke speel ‘n sentrale rol in hierdie opsig. Spesifiek akademiese bibliotekarisse
het ’n rol om te speel in die behandeling, of bestuur, van kennis. In die geval van die Kaapse
Technikon en Skiereiland Technikon se biblioteke, sou dit dus baie belangrik wees om elke
instelling se kultuur te verstaan, en om hulle huidige metodes van kennisbestuur te ken, sodat
dit teen die tyd van die samesmelting moontlik is om produktief en effektief saam te werk.
Aangesien samesmeltings kompleks is met verreikende vertakkings, sowel as potensiële
probleme wat dalk die gladde werking van die instellings kan verhinder, is die doel van hierdie
studie om die praktyke van kennisbestuur in die biblioteke van hierdie twee instellings te
ondersoek. Daarna, gebaseer op die bevindings, is voorstelle gemaak met verwysing na die
toepassing van kennisbestuurspraktyke, sodat die twee instellings se biblioteke se
bekwaamhede kan vermeerder en hul doeltreffendheid verhoog kan word. Die metodes van
ondersoek is kwalitatief en bestaan uit vraelyste, ingevul deur senior personeellede van albei
instellings. Die studie het ook ander waarnemings gemaak in verband met die atmosfeer of
gevoel van die omgewings en mense se houdings, wat ook veelseggend was. Alhoewel beide
instellings kennisbestuurspraktyke getoon het, is bevind dat die Kaapse Technikon in sekere
opsigte meer gevorderd as die Skiereiland Technikon is. Ten laaste is voorstelle gemaak met verwysing na hoe om sekere spesifieke
kennisbestuurspraktyke na die samwsmelting toe te pas. Hierdie het ’n aanbeveling ingesluit
dat albei instellings seker moet maak dat prosesse onderweg is om op ’n voortdurende basis
boek te hou van kennis.
Books on the topic "Highest Prevalence"
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International Conference on AIDS (16th : 2006 : Toronto, Ont.), ed. Botswana, high prevalence, highest response: XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, 13-18 August, 2006 : AIDS 2006. ACHAP, 2006.
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Dadalko, Vasiliy, Vladimir Avdiyskiy, and Nikolay Sinyavskiy. The shadow economy and economic security of the state. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24758.
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The manual is prepared according to the program of the same name. The origins and conditions of formation of the shadow economy structures, the reasons for their widespread prevalence in the current economic conditions are considered. Methods for assessing the scale of this phenomenon are given,
 Complex methods of control over the shadow economy and its control.
 The appendices contain data on the state of crime in recent years, a number of normative documents, as well as materials for practical exercises.
 It meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation.
 For students of higher educational institutions, studying in the direction of &#34;Economics&#34;. It is of interest to specialists in the field of economic security of the state.
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Hartmann, Andrea S., and Ulrike Buhlmann. Prevalence and Underrecognition of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0005.
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Large epidemiologic studies across Western countries that used DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria have found a point prevalence rate of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) of 1.7% to 2.9%. The prevalence of BDD is higher in clinical samples. Gender ratios in epidemiologic studies show a slight preponderance of females, which is confirmed in most convenience and clinical samples. Prevalence rates appear to be highest in younger (adolescent) subsamples. Other demographic correlates include a lower likelihood of being in a committed relationship, less education, lower household income, and higher unemployment rates. Key clinical correlates from epidemiologic studies are greater depression, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms and more frequent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Reasons for the underrecognition of BDD include shame, fear of not being understood by the clinician, lack of readiness for treatment, skepticism about treatment or belief in the superiority of other forms of treatment (such as cosmetic treatment), and lack of financial coverage for treatment.
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Virdi, Sundeep, and Robert L. Trestman. Personality disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0036.
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Personality disorders are highly prevalent and highly problematic in jails in prisons. Personality disorders, by definition, are associated with significant functional impairment of the affected individual and may negatively impact those around them. That impairment results from the way these individuals think and feel about themselves and others. Patients with personality disorder are often challenging to manage in the community. The difficulties associated with their care are accentuated in the confines and highly structured environments presented by jails and prisons. Inmates with personality disorders often require a disproportionate level of attention from correctional staff and their behavior can contribute to a dangerous environment inside a facility. Additionally, when compared to offenders with other psychiatric disorders or non-mentally disordered offenders, offenders with personality disorders have higher rates of violence, criminality, and recidivism. There are 4 personality disorders that are of particular clinical relevance to the correctional psychiatry setting: borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and paranoid personality disorder. Research also reflects that these disorders have the highest correctional prevalence rates among the personality disorders. For each of these four disorders, this chapter presents in turn a description and some management concerns and challenges, data on correctional prevalence, appropriate psychotherapy, and potential psychopharmacologic interventions.
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Ajithkumar, Thankamma, Ann Barrett, Helen Hatcher, and Natalie Cook. Genito-urinary cancer. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235636.003.0009.
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2% of cancer diagnosis worldwide. It has the highest mortality of any urological cancer. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) is the commonest RCC. CC-RCC has the highest prevalence in Eastern Europe and is the fifth commonest solid tumour in the UK. Incidence of primary CC-RCC rises after the age of 40 years old and there is a 2:1 male to female ratio....
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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Helicobacter pylori infection, peptic ulceration, and Meckel's diverticulum. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0026.
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Helicobacter pylori194Other causes of antral gastritis and peptic (gastric and duodenal) ulceration 196Meckel's diverticulum 197•H. pylori is a Gram-negative organism. It is a very common infection worldwide. Infection is usually acquired in childhood, but prevalence rates are variable, being highest in developing countries. Most individuals infected with ...
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Kitahara, Cari M., Arthur B. Schneider, and Alina V. Brenner. Thyroid Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0044.
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Thyroid cancer, once considered relatively uncommon in the general population, is now the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and the third most common cancer among women under 45 years of age. The incidence is substantially higher in women than men (3:1 ratio); this differential is highest between ages 15 and 39 and declines with age. Nearly all thyroid cancers derive from the follicular epithelium, and the most common histological type is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in many countries since the early 1980s. This trend appears to be attributable to a combination of diagnostic changes, improvements in the detection and diagnosis of smaller PTCs, and changes in the prevalence of environmental factors. While less common, the incidence of larger, more advanced-stage PTCs has increased at a similar rate to that of smaller PTCs.
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Goossens, Maria E., Frank Buntinx, and Maurice P. Zeegers. Bladder and upper urinary tract cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0070.
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Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence. The most common histological type in Western countries is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), while in Africa, a substantial proportion of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are observed related to the prevalence of infection with Schistosoma haematobium (bilharziasis). UBC has the highest per-patient lifetime cost for cancer in terms of healthcare expenditure compared to all other types of cancer. It is more frequent in men than in women and age is now widely accepted as the greatest single risk factor for developing UBC. The median age at diagnosis is 70 years. Cigarette smoking and specific occupational exposures, such as carcinogenic dyes for painters, are the main known causes of UBC.
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Prentice, Michael B. Yersiniosis and plague. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0028.
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Disease in humans is caused mostly by Y.enterocolitica belonging to serotypes 03, 05, 27, 08 and 09 and by Y.pseudotuberculosis (Skurnik et al 2002, Perry and Fetherston, 2006). The clinical presentations include fever, diarrhoea, abdominal pain that may mimic appendicitis, and chronic arthritis. There are typically lesions of enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Yersiniosis occurs in all European countries, with highest prevalence in northern countries and Scandinavia, as well as Canada, the United States, Australia, and Japan. Transmission is mainly from contaminated animal products such as pork and milk, and rarely from person to person spread by the faecal-oral route. Control of yersiniosis can be achieved by careful handling and cooking of meats and by pasteurization of milk and other dairy products.
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Martinez, Martha. Neighborhood Impacts of the Foreclosure Crisis. Edited by Larry Bennett, Roberta Garner, and Euan Hague. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040597.003.0010.
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Near universal homeownership has been a cornerstone of neoliberal urban policy. However, policies that concentrate on making mortgage credit available rather than affordable precipitated the financial crisis and ensured that the most vulnerable populations, ethnic minorities and lower income groups, suffered the most from the collapse of the housing market in late 2007. Because of a prevalence of expensive subprime loans, Black and Latino neighborhoods suffered the highest levels of foreclosure filings and REOs in Chicago. A tightening of credit policies after the crisis also disproportionally affected Blacks and Latinos. The dynamics of the foreclosure crisis indicates that credit markets favoring expensive but easy mortgage loans are not a substitute for government intervention to face housing challenges in global cities.
Book chapters on the topic "Highest Prevalence"
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Iennaco, Joanne DeSanto, Elizabeth Molle, Christian Lauvrud, Tom Palmstierna, Henk Nijman, and Roger Almvik. "Measurement and Prevalence of Aggression." In Coercion and Violence in Mental Health Settings. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61224-4_5.
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AbstractViolence in the healthcare setting is a complex issue, with many different types of violence that impact patients, workers, and the clinical environment. Violence is also a common problem in the healthcare workplace, with rate and severity dependent upon the setting, and the highest rates are typically found in psychiatric settings. Many aspects of patient care are impacted by aggression and violence, including patient safety, quality of care and outcomes, and therapeutic relationships with caregivers. Measuring the prevalence and severity of violence is difficult because there are many characteristics of the phenomenon in clinical settings. Many settings have active programmes to reduce the use of coercive interventions and have reduced rates of use of restraint and seclusion. This chapter offers insight into this complex field of research as well as an overview of scales typically used for this purpose.
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Savage, Kelley B., Terence A. Palmer, Paul A. Montagna, and Jennifer Beseres Pollack. "Effects of Climate-Driven Salinity Regimes on Disease Dynamics of the Eastern Oyster, a Key Estuarine Resource and Bioindicator." In Estuaries of the World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70882-4_12.
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AbstractThis chapter addresses the connections between long-term trends in climate variability, freshwater inflow dynamics, and salinity patterns and their effects on Perkinsus marinus infection of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) at local and regional scales in Texas estuaries. Salinities were highest during droughts compared to normal and wet climatic conditions. At the local, within-estuary scale, salinities increased longitudinally from reefs closest to the freshwater inflow source to reefs closest to the Gulf of Mexico inlet. At the regional scale, salinities increased latitudinally moving from estuaries in the northeast to the southwest. Relationships between salinity and P. marinus infection levels were strongest for market size (≥76 mm) oysters. At the local scale, mean salinity had positive relationships with infection prevalence and severity of infection (= weighted prevalence) for market-sized oysters; salinity explained 94% of the variance in infection prevalence and 82% of the variance in severity of infection. Relationships at the regional scale were less strong; salinity was positively correlated with infection severity but not infection prevalence in market-sized oysters; salinity explained 64% of the variation in infection prevalence and 71% of variation in infection severity. Results were used to develop salinity recommendations of between 21.0 and 24.9 for maintaining low (≤50%) prevalence of P. marinus-infected oysters and low severity of infection (≤1.0) in order to support development of water resource management plans that account for variability in climate patterns.
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Reckendorf, Anja, Ursula Siebert, Eric Parmentier, and Krishna Das. "Chemical Pollution and Diseases of Marine Mammals." In Marine Mammals. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06836-2_5.
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AbstractMan-made persistent pollutants (such as PCBs, pesticides and trace metals) reach aquatic organisms through the food chains. Pollutants are ingested and assimilated by smaller organisms, and their concentration in tissues increases from prey to predators. Being at the top of the food chains, marine mammals accumulate some of the highest environmental contaminant levels of all wildlife. They are good sentinel species for monitoring long-term environmental pollution. Exposure to contaminants may have large consequences, both on an individual and a population level. The prevalence and severity of diseases of aquatic wildlife has recently increased in many species. Scientists use new methods to understand how pollutants affect the immune system of marine mammals. Learning about contaminants may also contribute to our understanding of outbreaks of infectious diseases in marine mammals.
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Ghojazadeh, Morteza, Majid Mobasseri, Fatemeh Pournaghi Azar, and AliReza Lotfi. "Prevalence and Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in the World." In Type 1 Diabetes - Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007015.
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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. The global prevalence of T1D is estimated to range from 0.8 to 4.6 per 1000 population. In most cases, the prevalence is higher, at 1–1.5 per 1000. In terms of incidence, variations have been noted based on geographical location, ethnicity, diagnostic criteria, birth season, age, and gender. Additionally, disease incidence exhibits differences across specific age groups and between sexes. The prevalence of this condition is higher among children than adults. The highest incidence occurs within the 10–14-year age group, followed by a gradual decline in prevalence as individuals age. In 2021, approximately 6% of adults reported receiving a physician’s diagnosis of diabetes. It is notable that physician-diagnosed diabetes is more prevalent in men (7%) than in women (5%). Furthermore, it is clear that the prevalence of T1D increases with age. In adults under 35, it is 1%. In adults aged 75 and older, it is 16%. There is a growing incidence and prevalence of T1D worldwide. Insulin scarcity and its associated high costs will disproportionately affect underdeveloped and developing nations. Consequently, it becomes imperative for international organizations and individual countries to proactively implement preventive measures in response to these concerning trends.
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Celumd, Connie L., and Heather Watts. "HIV and Women." In The HIV Manual. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100365.003.0012.
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Abstract As of December 31, 1994, women accounted for approximately 13 percent of the total AIDS cases reported in the United States, with the total cumulative number of women with AIDS estimated at 58,500. Within the United States, the northeastern region has the highest prevalence of HIV-infected women. African-American and Hispanic women have a higher prevalence of HIV infection than white women.
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Shirai, Kokoro. "Social Determinants of Health on the Island of Okinawa." In Health in Japan. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848134.003.0019.
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This chapter discusses how island of Okinawa achieved the highest longevity in the world and why it then came to have high premature death rate in Japan. Okinawa returned to Japanese control in 1972 and for 20 years from 1975 to 1995 had the highest life expectancy and the highest number of centenarians per 100,000 population in the country. These days, Okinawa has a higher prevalence of obesity and higher mortality rates among 40-65 years-old than mainland Japan. This chapter seeks to understand the reasons for the health changes, from historical and cultural perspectives as example of social determinants of health.
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Saal, Howard M. "Classification and Description of Nonsyndromic Clefts." In Cleft Lip And Palate. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139068.003.0005.
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Abstract Cleft lip (CL) with or without cleft palate (CUP) and isolated cleft palate (CP), collectively termed oral clefts (OCs), are among the most common birth defects, with a prevalence that ranges between 1 case in every 500 to 1000 newborns. The prevalence of CUP varies according to ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic factors (Croen et al., 1998; Bender, 2000). Native Americans have the highest reported prevalence at birth, with 3.6 CLIP cases per 1000 births. Asians have the second highest prevalence at birth for CUP, with 2.1 cases per 1000 Japanese and 1.7 cases per 1000 Chinese live births (Croen et al., 1998). Gender seems to play a role in the etiology of CUP since males predominate by a 2:1 ratio (Tolarova, 1987). Also, population studies have shown that individuals born in more rural, lower socioeconomic conditions have a higher risk for CLIP compared to ethnically similar groups with a higher socioeconomic status (Chung et al., 1987; Cembrano et al., 1995). The incidence of CP is much less dependent on racial and ethnic factors, being approximately 1 in 2000 live births (Vanderas, 1987; Gorlin et al., 1990). In contrast to CLP, however, there is a female predominance of CP, the ratio being approximately 3:2 females to males (Cohen, 2000).
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Mohanty, Sanjay K., and Anshul Kastor. "Occupational class and chronic diseases in India." In Work and Health in India. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447327363.003.0007.
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This chapter studies the differentials in chronic diseases among occupational classes in India. The results of the 60th round of National Sample Survey conducted from January to June 2004 show that those who are engaged as own-account workers in a household enterprise have the highest rate of reported disorders in joints and bones, respiratory illnesses including ear, nose, and throat ailments, and bronchial asthma during the last 15 days of the survey. Meanwhile, the leading diseases among employers are diabetes, cardiovascular disease, disorders of the joints and bones, hypertension, and gastritis. Furthermore, the higher reported prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) resulting from higher prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases among richer groups could have contributed to the greater burden of illness among them.
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Pinto-López, Ingrid N., Cynthia Maria Montaudon- Tomas, and Alicia L. Yáñez-Moneda. "Gender Violence in Mexico Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Whole Person Promotion, Women, and the Post-Pandemic Era. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2364-6.ch008.
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This chapter analyzes gender-based violence in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various indicators related to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 5, “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls,” are analyzed. The fuzzy ordering method of Subjective Preferences is used to perform two multidimensional analyses, a global analysis that identifies the position of Mexico with regards to other countries in the American continent and an analysis that identifies the position of each of the states of the Mexican Republic. The results allow the authors to identify the countries with the lowest and highest prevalence of gender-based violence as well as the states of the Mexican Republic with the lowest and highest prevalence of gender-based violence.
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Costello, E. Jane, Sarah Mustillo, Gordon Keeler, and Adrian Angold. "Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence." In Mental Health Services. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195153958.003.0006.
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Abstract From a public health perspective, epidemiologists focus on a number of important questions about diseases, including these: How important is a particular disease? Which group in the population is at highest risk for specific diseases? Are there characteristics of certain environments that increase the risk of particular diseases? What are the most effective methods of preventing or controlling the spread of specific diseases? Encompassed within these central questions are numerous other issues related to prevalence (i.e., how many people have a particular disease at any one time), incidence (i.e., how many new cases of this disease will occur during a defined period), and overall burden to society in terms of mortality, morbidity, economic costs, functional impairments, and need for treatment.
Conference papers on the topic "Highest Prevalence"
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Law, Andrew, Heather E., Jocelyn Keillor, and Viresh Wickramasinghe. "Pilot Head and Neck Response to Helicopter Whole Body Vibration and Head-Supported Mass." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12044.
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Given the prevalence and severity of neck pain among helicopter pilots, the effects of helicopter whole body vibration (WBV) and pilot head-supported mass (HSM) on neck muscle strain and fatigue need to be understood to establish effective mitigating solutions and/or countermeasure protocols. The present study provides a preliminary assessment of pilot head and neck responses under different WBV conditions (i.e. Engines Off, Ground Idle, Hover, and Cruise) and HSM conditions (i.e. Helmet-only, Helmet+NVG) during flight operations on a Bell 412 helicopter. For both pilots, average neck electromyography (EMG) amplitudes were highest during the maximum WBV condition (Cruise) and the maximum HSM condition (Helmet+NVG). This indicates that helicopter WBV and HSM conditions jointly contribute to higher neck muscle loading, which may coincide with elevated neck muscle discomfort, strain, and fatigue. Therefore, effective mitigating solutions (e.g. vibration exposure limits, operational guidelines) must account for the combined effects of WBV and HSM to reduce or prevent neck pain among helicopter pilots.
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Borelli, Wyllians, Carolina Formoso, Andrei Bieger, Eduardo Zimmer, Marcia Chaves, and Raphael Castilhos. "DISTINCT PREVALENCE OF SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG DIFFERENT BRAZILIAN REGIONS, SEX AND GENDER." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda033.
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Background: Subjective Cognitive Decline may represent the earliest clinical manifestation of the Alzheimer’s continuum. A continental-size country like Brazil demands regionalized strategies to provide adequate public health strategies. Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of SCD in Brazilian regions, sex and genders. Methods: Data was gathered from a complex-sample epidemiological study named ELSI (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde de Idosos). SCD criteria was applied within the dataset. Weighting for complex-sampling was performed. Data was analyzed according to national region, sex and gender. Results: Overall nationwide prevalence of SCD was 15.48%. Prevalence of SCD was the highest in Midwest (19.9%), followed by Northeast (17%), North (16.9%), South (14.6%) and Southeast (14.2%, p <0.0001). Among adults, males in the North showed the highest prevalence of SCD (27.5%), while the lowest prevalence was in females in the Southeast (14.4%). Among older adults, the highest prevalence was in females in the North (19.2%), while females in the Southeast showed the lowest (11.2%). Prevalence of SCD was statistically similar in females and males (15.6% vs. 16.1%, p=0.6). Conclusions: Brazil exhibits distinct profiles of SCD according to regions, sex and genders that should be analyzed by policymakers in public health. The Midwest presented the highest prevalence of SCD. Individually, male adults and female older adults in the North presented the highest prevalence in Brazil.
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Hedman, Linnea, Helena Backman, Caroline Stridsman, and Linda Ekerljung. "Highest prevalence of respiratory symptoms among smokers who also use e-cigarettes." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa4485.
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Shurrab, Farah, Hadeel Al-Jighefee, Salma Younes, et al. "Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov2 in Qatar: A Longitudinal Epidemiological study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0292.
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In Qatar, the first COVID-19 cases were reported on the 29th of February 2020, and the numbers increased dramatically within few months. Primary Health Care Corporation in collaboration with Qatar University’s Biomedical Research Centre initiated a three-phase longitudinal epidemiological study to obtain precise estimates of point and period prevalence by age, gender and nationality. The first phase of the study is done and included 2084 individuals. The results showed that the overall prevalence was 11.1%. However, the point prevalence and the period prevalence of SARS-CoV2 was 1.6 and 9.5 % resp. IgG prevalence was higher amongst 18-39- year old (10 %) and ≥ 60 (11.9 %), and higher in males (11.6 %) compared with females (6.2 %), and higher incidences were reported among Highest amongst North African (10.9 %) and Southern Asian (15.1 %) nationalities.
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Ilić, Vanja. "Research on the prevalence of smoking among staff of Leskovac general hospital." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24140i.
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Introduction: Smoking remains a significant threat to public health globally, acknowledged as an epidemic by health experts. In Serbia, tobacco use has long been a major health risk factor. The 2019 study showed 31.9% of individuals aged 15 and above regularly or occasionally smoked tobacco, including heated products, with higher rates in men (33.9%) than women (30.1%). Daily smoking prevalence was 27.1%, slightly down from 2013, and electronic cigarette usage was 3.3%. The highest tobacco use was among 45-54-year-old, at 41.3%. This study aims to assess smoking habits among intensive care unit staff at Leskovac General Hospital, their sensitivity to tobacco smoke, and the need for more aggressive public health initiatives. Objectives and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed intensive care unit employees in October 2023, using the Institute of Public Health of Serbia's questionnaire and analyzing data descriptively. Results: Of 100 respondents, 56% had secondary education, 36% had a university degree, and 8% had higher education. Smoking prevalence varied by role: 12% among doctors, 23% among technicians, and 3% among non-healthcare staff. Daily cigarette consumption averaged 39.5 for women and 44.5 for men. Regarding smoking in healthcare facilities, 18% of doctors advocated for a complete ban, while 26% of technicians suggested designated smoking areas. Non-smokers were highest in the Coronary Unit (11%), while smokers were evenly distributed in orthopedics, gynecology, and surgery (7-10%). Conclusions: Addressing smoking prevalence is critical for improving public health.
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Lima, Rebeca Menezes de Oliveira, Caio Lopes Pereira Santos, Gabriela Malta Coutinho, Natalia Guerreiro Costa Neeser, and Tauá Vieira Bahia. "Epidemiological profile of neurological diseases in Brazil from 2011 to 2020." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.240.
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Background: Studying the epidemiology of neurological diseases is important to improve the Public System. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of neurological diseases in Brazil between 2011 and 2020. Design and setting: Ecological study in Brazil. Methods: Data was collected from the Ministry of Health, through DATASUS. The period analyzed was between 2011 and 2020. The data collected were region, age, deaths, mortality rate, and average stay due to neurological diseases. Results: 1,833,363 hospitalizations were recorded, with 89,046 deaths. The age group from 50 to 54 years old was the most hospitalized (147,832 cases) and the 80 years and over had the highest mortality rate (14.9). The average stay averages were 13.1 days and the average lethality rates were 4.9. Furthermore, the highest average prevalence of cases per 100,000 inhabitants occurred in the South (142), while the lowest was in the North (49). However, there was a higher mortality rate in the North (6.2) than in the South (4.2). Conclusions: The highest mortality rate in the age of 80 years and over may be associated whit the effects of old age. Moreover, the lowest prevalence of cases and the highest mortality rate in North is possibly related to a deficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of this diseases in that location.
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Vieira, Amanda Cristina de Souza, Bianca Borges Martins, Matheus Nascimento Duarte, et al. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND FNA RESULTS BY THE REGIONS OF BRAZIL." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2091.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze a prevalence relationship between the results of breast cytopathological examinations and the regions of Brazil. Methodology: This is a retrospective, epidemiological, and cross-sectional study, where the data were obtained from the Breast Cancer Information System, regarding the results of breast cytopathological examinations performed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), from January 2009 to July 2015. The Brazilian North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest regions were selected. The FNA result variables selected were as follows: benign negative malignancy processes, compatible undetermined malignancy, suspect for malignancy, positive for malignancy, and inconsistent information. The collected data were tabulated and treated statistically to determine the absolute prevalence, analyzing the percentage relationship between the results of the FNA and social conditions of the regions. Results: In total, 63,240 cytopathologies were reported by FNA in Brazil, the region with the highest prevalence of this examination was the Southeast, with 39% (n=24,618), followed by the Northeast, with 30.3% (n=19,162), being the North, the lowest prevalence of notifications, 2.6% (n=1,665). Among the results of the FNA, the highest frequency of the examinations resulted in a benign result, representing 88% of the total (n=55,685). The highest incidence of biopsies positive for malignancy was in the Southeast, 8.3% (n=2,056). Conclusion: The Southeast has greater socioeconomic development, which contributes to an increase in risk factors for women in the region, such as a lower number of pregnancies, as well as postponing it. The results found leave room for further investigation, given that populous regions, such as the North, and with significant population aging, such as the Midwest and the South of Brazil, reported a very small number of biopsies performed, which may reflect failures in public health policy, difficulty in accessing the test or underreporting of this procedure.
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Malyutina, N. N., and O. U. Shilkova. "SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, CAUSES AND MECHANISMS (REVIEW)." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-296-300.
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The article presents materials on the relevance and the prevalence of sudden cardiac death with the description of epidemiological data, risk factors, causes and the mechanisms of its development. Purpose: To analyze the reported data on the prevalence, causes, risk factors and the main pathogenetic mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. Conclusion: Sudden cardiac death is a global problem of modern medicine.This issue is particularly relevant for the workers of the working age. Cardiovascular mortality in Russia is one of the highest in the world. Therefore, we have identified and summarized the data on its distribution, causes and risk factors, as well as generalized pathogenetic mechanisms of its development for the reproduction of its patterns and creation of the prognosis concerning the various occupational groups.
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Couto, Luiz Felipe da Cruz, Helielton Júnior Martins Polesca, Josué Silva Aguiar, and César Augusto da Silva. "Analysis of epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in municipalities in the interstate health care network of the mid-São Francisco valley, Brazil." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-028.
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The text deals with tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with varied forms of manifestation and prevalence mainly in the lungs. It discusses the TB situation in Brazil, highlighting the country as one of those with a high burden of the disease. The study analyzes epidemiological aspects of TB in the Interstate Health Care Network of the Middle São Francisco Valley (PEBA Network), investigating factors such as ethnicity, gender, schooling and age group of individuals, as well as correlation with HIV co-infection. Data was collected from 2001 to 2023 from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and analyzed in relation to the incidence and prevalence of the disease in the study area. The PEBA Network, established in 2011, aims to facilitate access to health care in the municipalities that make it up, serving around 2 million users. The analysis shows an increase in the number of TB cases in Brazil between 2001 and 2022, with the Southeast Region having the highest prevalence. In the PEBA Network, there was a slight decrease in cases over the same period, with the health regions of Petrolina/PE and Juazeiro/BA showing the highest number of cases.
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Baroš, Slađana, Danijela Simić, and Biljana Kilibarda. "Prevalence of anxiety and depression among men who have sex with men in Serbia." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24087b.
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Background: Sexual minorities including men who have sex with men (MSM), face higher rates of poor mental health compared to the general population. In Europe, 18.4% of MSM report moderate or severe anxiety/depression, with 7.7% experiencing severe symptoms. Methods and Objectives: We conducted a respondent-driven sampling bio-behavioral study involving 1,300 MSM in Serbia-400 from Belgrade and 300 each from Novi Sad, Nis, and Kragujevac. Aiming to assess anxiety and depression prevalence, we used the Patient Health Questionnaire, version 4 (PHQ-4). We used translation from the validated Serbian PHQ-9 for two question, and for the other two adapted Serbian pilot version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder, version 7 (GAD-7) scale. Results: Participants had a mean age of 31.1 years (±8.7), with Niš respondents being significantly younger (28.8 ± 8.4) compared to Belgrade, Novi Sad, and Kragujevac (31.5 ± 8.0, 31.9 ± 8.5, 32.2 ± 9.5, respectively; p < 0.001). Overall, 19.2% of MSM reported moderate or severe anxiety/depression, with highest rate in Nis (32%) compared to Belgrade (15.5%), Novi Sad (12.3%), and Kragujevac (18.3%; p < 0.001). Severe symptoms were reported by 5.6% of MSM, with highest prevalence in Nis (10.0%) compared to Belgrade (4.0%), Novi Sad (3.0%), and Kragujevac (6.0%; p < 0.001). Anxiety was reported by 24.9% of MSM, significantly more in Nis (48.7%) than in Belgrade (16.3%), Novi Sad (15.3%), and Kragujevac (22.3%; p < 0.001). Depression was reported by 19.2% of MSM, significantly more in Nis (29.3%) compared to Belgrade (12.5%), Novi Sad (14.3%), and Kragujevac (23%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the PHQ-4 is not a diagnostic tool and may overestimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, it indicates significant mental health concerns among MSM, particularly in Nis. There is a clear need for targeted behavioral and structural interventions to improve mental well-being of MSM.
Reports on the topic "Highest Prevalence"
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Towne Jr, Samuel D., Timothy H. Callaghan, Alva O. Ferdinand, Marvellous Akinlotan, Kristin Primm, and Jane Bolin. Prevalence and Mortality of Heart Disease and Related Conditions: Disparities affecting the South, Rural Areas, and American India, and Alaska Natives. Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/1969.1/201262.
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Across the U.S., major health inequities persist across several social and structural determinants of health. In this brief, we explored the intersection of these social and structural determinants across major diseases and disease-related mortality. The likelihood of stroke, angina or coronary heart disease, and heart attack (myocardial infarction) was significantly higher in the South and for American Indian or Alaska Native individuals as compared to White individuals. Rural areas of the South experienced high rates of mortality for multiple years related to congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke and cerebrovascular disease. Stroke and cerebrovascular disease mortality were highest in the South as compared to all other regions. Major declines were identified in mortality rates for ischemic heart disease over time (2006-2016). Both region and rurality were critical in assessing mortality with major variation in rates of mortality across each. Major inequities identified in this brief can serve as targets for policymakers in terms of providing additional resources to help reduce the burden of disease facing at-risk populations, particularly rural residents, residents of the South, and American Indians and Alaska Natives.
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Ferdinand, Alva O., Marvellous Akinlotan, Timothy H. Callaghan, Samuel D. Towne Jr, and Jane Bolin. Diabetes-Related Hospital Mortality in Rural America: A Significant Cause for Concern. Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/1969.1/201259.
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It has been reported that diabetes prevalence is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Other studies have shown that rural persons with diabetes have higher morbidity from diabetes-related complications than urban persons with diabetes. This study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009-2014) to examine hospital-based diabetes-related mortality and whether there were urban-rural differences across census regions. On average 2.63% of all diabetes-related urban hospital admissions resulted in death, while 2.73% of all diabetes-related rural hospital admissions resulted in death (p<0.001). Mortality rates were highest within rural areas of the South and Midwest (21.0 and 15.1 deaths per 100,000 population, respectively) compared to other areas in both regions. The noncore, micropolitan, and small metropolitan areas of the South had the highest average diabetes-related hospital mortality rates (21.0, 20.3, and 14.0 deaths per 100,000 population, respectively) compared to corresponding areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and West regions. Results suggest that substantial differences exist between rural and urban diabetes-related hospital mortality. Furthermore, the burden is especially pronounced for rural residents in the South and Midwest census regions.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.
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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.
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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Brown, Antoinette Y. Improving delirium management in hospitalized elderly patients. University of Missouri - Columbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/106341.
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Delirium is the leading complication in hospitalized older adults associated with increased mortality, adverse inpatient outcomes, and decreased functionality (McCusker et al., 2003). Delirium is a syndrome with various presentations, it can occur over a brief period, and patients may exhibit hallucinations or violence unpredictably (Tomlinson et al., 2017). Prevalence of delirium varies greatly secondary to patient demographics and comorbidities; the elderly and individuals with multiple chronic disease processes have an increased risk for inpatient delirium (Fuchs et al., 2020). Prevalence rates are highest in the ICU setting at 83.3%; however, the prevalence of developing delirium in intermediate care areas is 39.8% for elderly (age [greater than] 65 years) patients (Fuchs et al., 2020). The incidence rate of delirium for post-operative elderly (age [greater than] 60) patients is close to 19% (Ospina et al., 2018). With the increased length of stay (LOS), adverse outcomes, and risk for hospital-acquired infections, delirium-associated costs are exorbitant. In 2019 the U.S. spent over 82 billion dollars on delirium-associated hospital expenses (Kinchin et al., 2022). According to Rohatgi et al. (2019), early detection of delirium can be ascertained by thorough nursing assessments reducing the duration of acute episodes and limiting the severity of accompanying symptoms. Failure to thoroughly screen for and detect delirium can impact the clinical management of the hospitalized patient and negatively impact patient outcomes (Tomlinson et al., 2016). It is paramount that nursing staff providing direct patient care can accurately assess and implement appropriate interventions for older hospitalized patients with delirium to promote optimal patient outcomes.
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Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1002.
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The majority of sexually active girls aged 15–19 in developing countries are married, and married adolescent girls tend to have higher rates of HIV infection than their sexually active, unmarried peers. Married adolescent girls represent a sizable fraction of adolescents at risk and experience some of the highest rates of HIV prevalence of any group. Nonetheless, married adolescents have been marginal in adolescent HIV/AIDS policies and programs and have not been the central subjects for programs aimed at adult married women. This paper offers a partial explanation for why married adolescents have so often been overlooked, the reasons why marriage might bring elevated risk of HIV, initial analytic tools to assist policymakers in determining how to accord appropriate levels of priority to the marriage process, five brief case studies, and a menu of potential policy interventions and actions to make married adolescents an integral part of reproductive health and HIV-prevention initiatives.
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Gáfaro, Margarita, Ana María Ibáñez, Daniel Sánchez-Ordoñez, and María Camila Ortiz. Farm Size and Income Distribution of Latin American Agriculture New Perspectives on an Old Issue. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005088.
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Latin American and Caribbean countries have historically been known for their rates of land inequality, highest in the world. However, these countries also exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity in their patterns of land concentration and average farm sizes. These cross-country differences play a determining role in productivity of farms and the distribution of agricultural income. Constructing a new data-set matching agri- cultural census and household survey data, we provide suggestive evidence on the positive relationship between farm size and farm income and wages. We identify the prevalence of small farms and the resulting low agricultural incomes as an important mechanism contributing to high income inequality in agricultural regions. Low labor productivity in small farms appears as a key explanatory factor.
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Douglas-Hall, Ayana, Naomi Li, and Megan L. Kavanaugh. State-Level Estimates of Contraceptive Use in the United States, 2019. Guttmacher Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32465.
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Nearly all women in the United States who have ever had sexual intercourse have used a contraceptive method at some point during their reproductive years. Estimates presented in this report, which come from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), highlight differences in the most effective contraceptive method used at last sex among U.S. women aged 18–49 who are at risk of pregnancy (i.e., those who are sexually active with one or more male partners, are not pregnant or postpartum, and have not had a hysterectomy). In every state, the majority of women of reproductive age are using some form of contraception. Use estimates for primary methods show wide variability across the states, especially for female sterilization, IUDs, oral contraceptive pills and condoms. Among states with available data, Oregon and Utah have the highest levels of contraceptive use among women at risk of pregnancy, with more than half of women at risk of pregnancy in these two states reporting use of a highly or moderately effective method at last sex. The BRFSS offers an opportunity to explore basic indicators of reproductive health among resident women in each U.S. state. A previous report examining contraceptive use prevalence with BRFSS data from 2017 represented the most comprehensive documentation of contraceptive use at the state level since 2004.2 This analysis builds from that report to provide updated state-level estimates of contraceptive use prevalence among women of reproductive age across the United States.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2020 and 2021 field seasons. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294094.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 moni-toring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From June 5 to July 29, 2020, and May 30 to June 2, 2021, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24 monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 834 patches of 11 priority IEP species along 67.9 kilometers (42.2 miles) of three monitoring routes. There were more patches of tamarisk along State Route 24, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified IEP patches have expanded and grown. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) along State Route 24 have both increased in prevalence since monitoring began. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp.) was the most prevalent prior-ity IEP species on all three routes. On Oak and Pleasant creeks, there were fewer than three patches of all other IEPs. On State Route 24, there were 30 or more patches of Russian olive, quackgrass (Elymus repens), field bindweed, and blue mustard (Chorispora tenella). IEP prior-ity species were found on 71%, 47%, and 62% of transects along Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. Yellow sweet-clover (Melilotus officinalis) was the most fre-quently observed IEP on Oak Creek and Pleasant Creek. Percent cover was highest for yellow sweet-clover, Russian thistle (Salsola sp.), and tamarisk on Oak Creek, Pleasant Creek, and State Route 24, respectively. The NCPN plans to return to Capitol Reef in 2023 to continue the fourth rotation of invasive plant monitoring.