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Borges, Ana Camilla das Neves, Lucianna Machado Almeida de Arquino, Erick Santana de Souza, et al. "PREVALENCE OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ACCORDING TO SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION IN BRAZILIAN ADULTS." REVISTA FOCO 17, no. 12 (2024): e7372. https://doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v17n12-198.
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Introduction: Physical activity contributes to the prevention and treatment of various pathologies. However, part of the world's population remains inactive. Socioeconomic position is an essential determinant in adherence to active leisure behavior. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity according to the socioeconomic situation of Brazilian adults. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 National Health Survey, containing 40,573 individuals with an average age (39.8±10.5). Leisure-time physical activity was assessed using a dichotomous question from the last 12 months as a reference. Socioeconomic position was evaluated by family income, education, occupation, and geographic location. Prevalences were described according to socioeconomic position stratified by sex, age, and confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Regarding family income, the highest prevalence was in individuals with income greater than five minimum wages, 67.2% (95%CI=64.9-69.4). Regarding education, the highest prevalence was among individuals with complete secondary education, 62.6% (95%CI=60.5-64.7). In occupation, the highest prevalences were among the military, 77.2% (95%CI=68.5-84.5). The highest prevalence was in the Central-West region, 46.8% (95%CI=45.3-48.4). Conclusion: Individuals with a higher socioeconomic position tend to perform more physical activity during leisure time. In this way, it is possible to affirm that social and economic factors guide this behavior.
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Chen, Hanyi, Lude Lin, Jieyi Chen, and Fang Huang. "Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Primary Dentition, 2010–2024: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 12, no. 13 (2024): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131321.
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The present review was aimed to describe the prevalence and the regional distribution of malocclusion among preschool children worldwide. Two independent reviewers performed a systematic literature search to identify English publications from January 2010 to May 2024 using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Embase. Search MeSH key words were “malocclusion”, “primary dentition” and “child, preschool”. The reporting quality was assessed by the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We identified 2599 publications and recruited 47 articles. Fourteen of the included studies were conducted in Asia, four in Europe, twenty-eight in South America and one in Africa. The prevalence of malocclusion ranged from 28.4% to 83.9%, and half of the reported prevalences were higher than 50%. The highest percentage was in Asia (61.81%), followed by Europe (61.50%), South America (52.69%) and Africa (32.50%). Statistically significant differences existed in deep overbite, anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship and distal step between continents (p < 0.05). Europe showed the highest prevalence (33.08%) of deep overbite. Africa showed the highest prevalence (18.60%) of anterior open bite. Europe showed the highest prevalence (15.38%) of posterior crossbite. The most common malocclusion traits were increased overjet and deep overbite. To conclude, malocclusion remained prevalent in the primary dentition and varied between countries.
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Dehghani-Samani, Azam, Yaser Pirali, Samin Madreseh-Ghahfarokhi, and Amir Dehghani-Samani. "Parasitic infection status of different native species of Columbidae family in southwest of Iran." Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2020.09.00277.
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In current investigation, for the first time, prevalence of parasites in different native members of columbidae family were studied carefully in Shahrekord, located in southwest of Iran. Totally 220 birds from 4 different species were examined for presence of every ectoparasites and endoparasites by use of identification keys for parasites. After preparation of blood smears, oral cavity and crop wet smears, feces samples and their direct smears, flotation of feces and evisceration of examined birds, isolation and identification of parasites were done via laboratory methods and identification keys. Results of current study show the occurrence and prevalence of different parasites in examined groups. The common blood parasite with highest prevalence is Haemoproteous columbae in Rock pigeons (27.27%). The highest prevalence of Leukocytozoon marchouxi is for Rock Pigeons (5.54%). Columbicola columbae is the common ectoparsite with highest prevalence in Rock pigeons (56.36%), the highest prevalence of Menopon gallinae is for Rock Pigeons (21.81%), also the highest prevalence of Pseudolynchia canariensis and Lipeurus caponis are for Rock pigeons (36.36% and 16.36% respectively). The highest prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae is for Rock pigeons (67.27%). The highest prevalence of Eimeria labbeana is for Laughing Doves (30.90%). Highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis is for Rock pigeons (3.63%) and the highest prevalence Echinostoma revolutum is for Rock Pigeons (20%). Ascaridia columbae has the highest prevalence in Domestic Pigeons (25.45%). The highest prevalence of Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona are for Rock Pigeons (7.27%, 18.18% and 12.72% respectively). Results of current study for the first time show the considerable level of parasitic infections in the examined groups in this area.
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Dehghani-Samani, Azam, Yaser Pirali, Samin Madreseh-Ghahfarokhi, and Amir Dehghani-Samani. "Parasitic infection status of different native species of Columbidae family in southwest of Iran." Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research 9, no. 2 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2020.09.0027.
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In current investigation, for the first time, prevalence of parasites in different native members of columbidae family were studied carefully in Shahrekord, located in southwest of Iran. Totally 220 birds from 4 different species were examined for presence of every ectoparasites and endoparasites by use of identification keys for parasites. After preparation of blood smears, oral cavity and crop wet smears, feces samples and their direct smears, flotation of feces and evisceration of examined birds, isolation and identification of parasites were done via laboratory methods and identification keys. Results of current study show the occurrence and prevalence of different parasites in examined groups. The common blood parasite with highest prevalence is Haemoproteous columbae in Rock pigeons (27.27%). The highest prevalence of Leukocytozoon marchouxi is for Rock Pigeons (5.54%). Columbicola columbae is the common ectoparsite with highest prevalence in Rock pigeons (56.36%), the highest prevalence of Menopon gallinae is for Rock Pigeons (21.81%), also the highest prevalence of Pseudolynchia canariensis and Lipeurus caponis are for Rock pigeons (36.36% and 16.36% respectively). The highest prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae is for Rock pigeons (67.27%). The highest prevalence of Eimeria labbeana is for Laughing Doves (30.90%). Highest prevalence of Cryptosporidium meleagridis is for Rock pigeons (3.63%) and the highest prevalence Echinostoma revolutum is for Rock Pigeons (20%). Ascaridia columbae has the highest prevalence in Domestic Pigeons (25.45%). The highest prevalence of Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona are for Rock Pigeons (7.27%, 18.18% and 12.72% respectively). Results of current study for the first time show the considerable level of parasitic infections in the examined groups in this area.
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Márquez-Pérez, Kenia, Cecilia Mónica Zúñiga-López, Rafael Torres-Rosas, and Liliana Argueta-Figueroa. "[Reported prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and teenagers]." Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social 61, no. 5 (2023): 653–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8316465.
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<strong>Abstract </strong> Dental caries is a serious multifactorial oral disease that causes demineralization of the tooth’s hard tissues and affects more than half of the world's population. The objective of this exploratory systematic review was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and adolescents, as well as related factors such as sex, nutritional status, type of dentition, education, living conditions, socioeconomic level, and the type of demographic area. The eligibility criteria to be considered were observational studies whose sample included Mexicans 0-15 years of age in which the prevalence or an index of dental caries had been evaluated. Eligible studies were identified through the search carried out in 6 databases and manual search, without publication time restriction. Fifty-four studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. In these included studies it was observed that, in the last decades, the prevalence of caries in Mexican children and adolescents exhibits a tendency to decrease this disease. In the 1980s, caries prevalences of up to 92.8% were reported; between 1990-1999, the highest reported prevalence was 97%; from 2000-2009, the highest reported prevalence was 95%; from 2010 to 2019 the highest prevalence was 94.6%; and from 2020 and 2021, prevalences of up to 88.5% were reported. Although there has been a decrease in the prevalence of caries in Mexican children, this disease continues to be linked to biological, behavioral and socioeconomic determinants. <strong>Resumen </strong> La caries dental es una enfermedad bucodental multifactorial grave que provoca la desmineralización de los tejidos duros del diente y afecta a más de la mitad de la población mundial. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática exploratoria fue determinar la prevalencia de caries dental en niños y adolescentes mexicanos, así como los factores relacionados como el sexo, el estado nutricional, el tipo de dentición, la educación, las condiciones de vida, el nivel socioeconómico y el tipo de área demográfica. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron estudios observacionales cuya muestra incluyera mexicanos de 0 a 15 años en los que se hubiera evaluado la prevalencia o un índice de caries dental. Los estudios elegibles fueron identificados mediante la búsqueda realizada en 6 bases de datos y de manera manual, sin restricción de tiempo de publicación. Se encontraron 54 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En estos estudios incluidos se observó que en las últimas décadas la prevalencia de caries en niños y adolescentes mexicanos exhibe una tendencia a la baja. En la década de 1980, se reportaron prevalencias de caries de hasta 92.8%; entre 1990-1999, la mayor prevalencia reportada fue de 97%; de 2000-2009, la prevalencia más alta reportada fue de 95%; de 2010 a 2019 la mayor prevalencia fue de 94.6%; y de 2020 y 2021, se reportaron prevalencias de hasta 88.5%. Aunque ha habido un decremento en la prevalencia de caries en niños mexicanos, esta enfermedad continúa vinculada a determinantes biológicas, conductuales y socioeconómicas.
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Kagira, John Maina, Paul Njuki Kanyari, Ndicho Maingi, Samuel Maina Githigia, Chege Ng'ang'a, and John Gachohi. "Relationship between the Prevalence of Ectoparasites and Associated Risk Factors in Free-Range Pigs in Kenya." ISRN Veterinary Science 2013 (July 24, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/650890.
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A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites and possible risk factors in free-range pigs from 135 farms of Busia District, Kenya. Three hundred and six pigs were examined for presence of external parasites using standard parasitological methods. Data on management practices including housing and history of acaricide spraying were also collected. The ectoparasites found in the pigs were Haematopinus suis (96.1%), Sarcoptes scabiei (63.7%), and ticks (29.7%). The tick species included Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (70%), Boophilus decoloratus (31%), and Amblyomma variegatum (12%). The occurrence of the infestations was associated with age, being highest in sows (S. scabiei) and finishers (ticks and H. suis). Male pigs had highest prevalences of H. suis and ticks, while female pigs had highest prevalence of S. scabiei. The prevalence of the parasitic infestations was significantly () associated with their origin being either lower (H. suis and S. scabiei) or higher (ticks) in pigs originating from divisions with high rainfall. Housed pigs had significantly () lower prevalence of H. suis and ticks than those from households without pig housing. It is concluded that the free-range pigs have high prevalence of ectoparasites, and effective control strategies focussing on improved animal husbandry and acaricide use should be implemented.
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Khan, R. A. "Prevalence of trypanosome infections in the marine leech Johanssonia arctica off eastern Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (1991): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-170.
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A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trypanosomal stages, indistinguishable from Trypanosoma murmanensis, in the marine leech Johanssonia arctica off eastern Newfoundland, Canada, from 1972 to 1990. Prevalence of the infection was highest between May and October, with a peak in July, and lowest during winter. The highest prevalences were also associated with a high percentage of engorged leeches in summer–autumn. Prevalence of infection in recently emerged leeches, following their first blood meal, was greater in July than at other times of the year. Similarly, the percentage of infection increased with age of the leech and was greater in summer than in winter. The number of leeches, as well as the prevalence of infection, decreased offshore. Prevalence of infection was observed to be substantially lower in saliva than in gut contents. A study of host preference on J. arctica indicated that a greater percentage of blood meals was taken from flatfish in summer; in winter, as the latter became submerged in sediment, there was a shift in feeding to eelpouts and wolffish. The prevalence of the infection was greater in fish, especially flatfish, closer to shore than in offshore areas and corresponds to the abundance of the vector. Results from the present study suggest that infections in the leech reach a peak during summer–autumn and are acquired mainly from flatfish, in which prevalence of the infection adjacent to the coast is highest.
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Agana-Nsiire, Patrick, Ekow Kaitoo, Emmanuel Erasmus Akurugu Agongo, et al. "Yaws Prevalence, Lessons from the Field and the Way Forward towards Yaws Eradication in Ghana." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (December 31, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/910937.
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Despite past WHO/UNICEF led global yaws eradication efforts, the disease seems to persist. The true burden is however not known for comprehensive action. Ghana’s data showed significant increase in notified cases since the 1970s. Recognizing limitations in routine data, we carried out a yaws treatment survey in 2008 in three purposively selected districts to establish the prevalence and learn lessons for renewed action. Of 208,413 school children examined, 4,006 were suspected yaws cases (prevalence 1.92 (95% CI: 1.86–1.98) percent). Of 547 schools surveyed, 13% had prevalence between 5% and 10% while 3% had prevalence above 10%. The highest school prevalence was 19.5%. Half of the schools had cases. The large sample allowed aggregating the school results by administrative levels. The lowest aggregated prevalences of 0.23%, 0.40%, and 0.64% were in the urban sub-districts of Asamankese, Oda, and Achiase, respectively, while the highest of 8.61%, 3.69%, and 1.4% were in rural Akroso, Mepom, and Aperade, respectively. In conclusion, the prevalence of yaws is high in some schools in rural, hard-to-reach areas of Ghana. Considering past global eradication efforts, our findings suggest yaws may be resurging for which programmatic action is needed.
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ZOLER, MITCHEL L. "U.S. Prevalence of ADHD at Highest in 2007–2008." Pediatric News 44, no. 12 (2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(10)70538-5.
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Short, Robert. "Black Africans have highest prevalence of tuberculosis in UK." BMJ 333, no. 7576 (2006): 988.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39024.660949.db.
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Mehta, H. K., Mahima ., RK Bagherwal, and R. Chaurasia. "Prevalence of Haemoprotozoan Diseases in Canines." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 03 (2020): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.3.18.
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The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in dogs at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College of Veterinary Science, Mhow (M.P.) during July 2018 to March 2019. Blood sample of 3500 suspected cases of haemoprotozoans affected dogs on the basis of clinical history were microscopically examined after Giemsa stain. The overall prevalence of haemoprotozoan disease was 2.48%. The highest prevalence of Ehrlichiosis (1.342%) was observed followed by Babesia (1.028%), Anaplasmosis (0.057%) and mixed infection (0.057%). The highest prevalence (4.03%) was found in the month of March followed by 3.52% in the month of August. Age wise study showed that the highest prevalence (3.57%) was found in above 18 months age, followed by (2.85%) 7 to 18 months. Sex wise prevalence revealed that males were more susceptible as compared to females.
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Dr., Hafiza Numrah Fatima Dr. Adina Ayesha Dr. Iqra Naeem. "FACTOR CAUSING DEPRESSION AMONG MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 08 (2018): 7519–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344179.
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<strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>This study is based to assess the prevalence of clinical depression among the students of medicine to treat and to improve their output and focus towards their career.</em> <strong><em>Methodology: </em></strong><em>450 students from class 1<sup>st</sup> year to 5th year were included.</em> <strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>The study shows that the depression and anxiety is highly prevalent among the students of medicine. The level of psychological stress in medical students is quite higher as compared to the students of other fields. The study reveals that the female students suffer more as compared to male proportion of the students. And the prevalence of depression increases in the first 3 years of study.</em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>The depression and psychological stress among health professionals and medical students across globe is increasing in order to alleviate unnecessary stress among students, serious measures should be taken to ensure support service delivery to the students on institutional and on government level. </em> <strong>Key words: </strong><em>Depression, Mental Disorder, Demotivation, Highest Prevalence, </em>
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Dalhat, Mudassiru, Abdulhadi Bawa Jibia, Dahiru Mohammed, and Samaila Abdullahi. "Intensity of urinary schistosomiasis on gender-aged group of primary schools children in Sokoto South and Kware Area, Sokoto State, Nigeria." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 7 (2017): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.040718.
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Study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in three selected primary schools around Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 375 samples of urine examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni using standard filtration technique. The prevalence and parasite load of S. haematobium were 60.80% and 43.85/10 mL of urine. The prevalence varied among schools, age of children, gender and water contact. The highest prevalence of 75.20% was recorded in Basansan Model Primary School. Age group 9-12 years had the highest (71.42%) prevalence of infection. Males with the prevalence of 79.57% were more infected than females with prevalence of 29.28%. Based on occupation and water contact activities, the result showed that children of farmers had the highest prevalence of 71.50% and 84.87%, children whose source of drinking water is from Dam, had the highest prevalence of 75.24%. The study area is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis with high significant variation (P < 0.01) between the prevalence of the infections in almost all the primary schools. Health Education Campaign, treatment of infected individuals, provision of safe water for domestic uses and control of snails’ vector should be encouraged.
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Anaebonam, Emeka, Chinwe Catherine Eze, Chimaobi Emenike Okeke, Kenneth Emeka Nweze, and Chimaobi Okemadu Okemadu. "Prevalence and intensity of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Anambra State, Nigeria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 7, no. 3 (2021): 030–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5542971.
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The present study aimed at understanding the dynamics of malaria infection in Anambra State, Nigeria using socio-demographic risk factors, haematological and biochemical profile as well as knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents towards control of both infections. Participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique and a total of 2,550 subjects were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of malaria was determined using gold-standard – microscopy. The results revealed that 1,891 (72.4%) out of the total subjects studied were malaria positive. The highest prevalence of malaria was recorded in Anambra North senatorial zone (75.0%). Females presented with a higher rate of malaria infection with 77.9% prevalence than males with 70.0%. Individuals who are 31 - 40 years old had the highest malaria prevalence of 93.4%. Traders and farmers had the highest malaria prevalence of 83.4%. Participants with non-formal education had the highest malaria prevalence of 83.0%. The prevalence of haematological and biochemical abnormalities were obtained from those infected with malaria only and were as followed: PCV 7.0%, WBC 94.0%, neutrophil 47.9%, lymphocyte 33.7%, eosinophil 56.6%, monocyte 58.1%, platelets 44.2%, AST 23.1%, ALT 31.7%, ALP 26.6%, glucose 37.8%, protein 23.3%, nitrite 14.7% and bilirubin 16.7%. The highest drug of choice of the respondents was artemisinin combined therapy (ACT) (55.8%). The four most important herbal remedies were: <em>Azadiracta indica</em> (71.7%), <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (45.0%), <em>Allium sativum</em> (44.0%) and <em>Zingibe officinale</em> (40.0%). The results highlight the need to prioritize educating the populace in future public health campaigns to increase knowledge and reduce misperception.
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Cyril, Ali Imakwu, Athanasius Ubaka Uchenna, Chiamaka Blessing Muojeke, et al. "Prevalence of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Adazi-Enu, Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS) 10, no. 4 (2023): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071345.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Adazi-Enu, Anaocha Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and two (202) individuals from five villages which make up Adazi Enu were examined from October to December, 2021 and the prevalence of malaria was determined using gold-standard microscopy. A total of 121 individuals representing 59.9% were infected. Individuals who are 11-15 years old had the highest malaria prevalence of 81.8%. Females had higher prevalence of 67.2% than males with 48.8%. Farmers had highest malaria prevalence of 79.0%. Individuals in nursery level of education had the highest malaria prevalence of 72.7%. Participants from Akwankwo village had the highest malaria prevalence of 66.7%. The prevalence of malaria in each of the above demographic variables had no significant difference statistically except for Occupation which had significant difference (P = 0.000). Individuals who properly screened their houses had the highest malaria prevalence of 64.1%. Those that use containers for water storage had the highest prevalence of 87.0%. Prevalence was highest (75.8%) for those that had vegetation around their homes and participants who rarely use LLINs had the highest prevalence of 79.2%. There is no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05) among the group of individuals in relation to malaria prevalence in each of the above factors except for 'water storage' and 'presence of vegetation' factors where the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). The high malaria prevalence in this study demonstrates that the disease remains a significant concern to the populations in the study area. There is immense need to prioritize educating the populace in public health campaigns to reduce misperception and increase knowledge.<strong>Keywords:</strong> Malaria infection, Prevalence, Risk factors, Adazi-Enu, Anambra State.<strong>Title:</strong> Prevalence of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Adazi-Enu, Anambra State, Nigeria<strong>Author:</strong> Cyril Ali Imakwu, Uchenna Athanasius Ubaka, Muojeke Chiamaka Blessing, Elijah Sunday Okwuonu, Chibumma Immaculata Nzeukwu, Obiageli Anthonia Okeke, Festus Chizoba Eze, Patra Chisom Ezeamii<strong>International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)</strong><strong>ISSN 2349-7823</strong><strong>Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023</strong><strong>Page No: 47-53</strong><strong>Paper Publications</strong><strong>Website: www.paperpublications.org</strong><strong>Published Date: 04-November-2023</strong><strong>DOI: </strong><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071345</strong><strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong><strong>https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Prevalence%20of%20malaria%20infection-04112023-4.pdf</strong>
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Mannan, I., T. Akter, AFM Shahriar, and S. Ahmad. "Prevalence of Veterinary Ectoparasites in Brahmanpara, Burichong and Debidwar Upazilas in Comilla District, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 50, no. 2 (2022): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v50i2.62053.
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The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of veterinary ectoparasite of cattle and goats in Brahmanpara, Burichong and Debidwar upazila of Comilla district. In total 560 animals (335 cattle and 225 goats) were examined; among them 373 animals (217 cattle and 156 goats) were found to be infested with several species of ectoparasites. Veterinary animals (cattle and goats) in Brahmanpara upazila showed the highest prevalence (71.80%) and lowest intensity (6.19). Debidwar upazila showed lowest prevalence (55.47%) and highest intensity (12.20). Cattle in Brahmanpara showed highest prevalence (78.50%) and lowest intensity (5.59) and Debidwar upazila showed lowest prevalence (43.00%) and highest intensity (13.66). Goats in Debidwar upazila showed highest prevalence and intensity (100% and 9.97, respectively). Burichong upazila showed lowest prevalence (64.22%) and Brahmanpara showed lowest intensity (6.84). The study of ectoparasites is important, not only for livestock but also for humans, since fleas, lice and ticks also parasitize humans, especially those who work in close contact with the affected animals. Therefore, more studies are needed to estimate the economic losses and control measures of veterinary animal parasitic diseases that are caused by ectoparasites. Bangladesh J. Zool. 50 (2): 201-215, 2022
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Pindar, W., J. M. Manu, and G. Chessed. "PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN GOMBE, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 4 (2023): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0704-1920.
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Hepatitis B are endemic in tropical and sub-Saharan Africa. The Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria was carried out on 1521 patients reporting for their first antenatal clinic in hospitals and clinics, in Gombe, Gombe State. The serum/plasma test for hepatitis B using strip was done with their socio-demographic parameters were determined. Most of the participants were between 21-30years (56.34), while those with secondary education (49.85%) and housewives (99.41%). The prevalence of hepatitis B was 1.51% with the highest prevalence among age group 21-30years with (63.57%), while the highest prevalence was among those in second trimester (2.29%) and those in primigravidea (3.70%). Those that had secondary education had the highest prevalence of hepatitis B (1.85%), while the business-oriented women had the highest prevalence of hepatitis B (7.84%), and the highest prevalence of hepatitis B was among the married (1.51%). The prevalence of hepatitis B was statistically significant with age group. We advise that measures encouraging personal and environmental hygiene should be encouraged as well as blood screening for hepatitis B should be done.
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Haleh Zokaee, Maedeh banki, Amir Hossein Akbari Zahmati, and Gholamreza Roshandel. "Prevalence of oral premalignant lesions in the area with the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal cancer." Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (2023): 008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2023.8.2.0024.
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Objective: According to research conducted in Iran, from 141450 cases of reported cancer between 2003-2006, 1896 cases of oral and lip cancer have been reported. The timely and prompt diagnosis of this disease reduces mortality, increases longevity, reduces damage to adjacent structures, reduces financial costs, and unwanted side effects. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral premalignant lesions in the oral cavity and the factors related to it in Golestan province. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 1900 Iranian subjects living in Golestan province, regardless of gender, aged 40 and above, participated voluntarily and randomly. Initially, a questionnaire containing demographic information, assessment of habits and risk factors was completed for each patient in an interview form, followed by oral examination on all patients. Statistical analysis of data was done by SPSS 22. Results: The mean age of these individuals was 49.5 ± 10.3 years and the highest premalignant lesions were observed in the age range of 70-80 years. Of the 1900 participants, 69 (3.6%) had pre-malignant lesions. Among the pre-malignant lesions, the prevalence of lichen planus was 49.28%, leukoplakia was 14.49%, and the suspected malignancy was 18.8%. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the use of tobacco with the development of pre-malignant lesions (p <0.01). Cigarette alone showed the highest association with the development of pre-malignant lesions. Conclusions: In this study, there was a significant relationship between risk factors such as age, ethnicity and smoking with the development of premalignant lesions in people. However, risk factors such as alcohol consumption and family history did not show a significant relationship.
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O, Olaniran, Olaniran OO, Adenekan NP, et al. "Prevalence and co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among women of child-bearing age in Osun state Nigeria." International Clinical Pathology Journal 9, no. 1 (2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2022.09.00206.
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This study assessed the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Human immunodeficiency Virus and their co-infection infection in women of child-bearing age in communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study also determines the factors that facilitate the organisms among the studied groups and possible interaction between the prevalence of infection and the risk factors. These were done with a view to providing baseline information on the mode of T. gondii and HIV transmission. Sera were analyzed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Demeditec Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) conducted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The optical densities of wells were measured by a photometer at a wavelength of 450 nm and the detection of HIV was done using (Determine) rapid immunochromatographic (IC) test which are in strip form. Determination of the blood groups of the donors was done using commercially prepared Anti sera A, B, AB and anti D that determine the Rhesus blood group. The overall prevalence of T. gondii among the women of child-bearing age in selected six communities in Osun state was 74.2%, while the overall prevalence of HIV among the women was 2.6% and co-infection of T. gondii and HIV was 1.5%. The prevalence of T. gondii was lowest (57.8%) among women from Ile Ife, a peri-urban community and highest (100%) in women residing in Alajue, a rural community. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly higher (p= 0.001) among Islamic women (85.9%) than in Christian women (68.2%) while the prevalence of HIV (2.7%) in Christianity and co-infection of T. gondii and HIV (2.3%) was higher among Islam. The highest prevalence of T. gondii (83.6%) was recorded in women with primary education while the lowest of (58.7%) was recorded in women with tertiary education (p =0.037) while the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 2.9% and co-infection of 1.8% was recorded in secondary school level. The highest prevalence of T. gondii (78.5%) was recorded in women that reside in rural area and the lowest (67.5%) was recorded in women that reside in peri-urban area (p=0.016) and also the prevalence of HIV (4.5%) (p= 0.045) and co-infection of T. gondii and HIV (3.2%) (p=0.025) was higher in peri-urban area. The highest prevalence of 84.0% of T. gondii was recorded in house wives while the lowest value of 59.3% was recorded in civil servant and the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 7.7% in house wives and co-infection of 3.3% was recorded in trading. The highest prevalence of T. gondii infection of 100.0% was recorded in women with blood group AB negative while the lowest prevalence of 30.0% was recorded in women with blood group A negative and the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 6.3% was recorded in women with blood group B negative and O negative each. Co-infection has highest prevalence of 6.3% in blood group B negative. The highest prevalence of 77.1% of T. gondii was recorded in women with one miscarriage while the lowest value of 73.3% was recorded in women with two miscarriages and the highest prevalence of HIV infection of 5.7% was recorded in women with one miscarriage while the lowest prevalence of 2.5% was recorded in women with no miscarriage. The highest prevalence of 100.0% of T. gondii and 2.7% of HIV infection was recorded in women with no pregnancy and the co-infection 1.6% was recorded in women no pregnancy. The study concluded that there was high prevalence of T. gondii infection (74.2%) and also implicates HIV (2.6%) and co-infection of both (1.5%) in the studied population. Hence, there is the need for health education and create awareness of the diseases and its transmission to women of reproductive age group in general and pregnant women in particular to reduce the risk of T. gondii and HIV in pregnant women.
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Asmatullah, Khan Muhammad Rizwan Abdul Samad Farah Sabeen Bugti* Muhammad Akram Khan Safiullah Khan Achakzai Muhammad Naeem Hafsah Sanya Waseem Akhtar2 Sania Ashraf5 Nazia Irum Gulmakia Shakoor. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PREVALENCE AND ROLE OF RISK FACTORS IN THE MAJOR GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN THE WORKING EQUINES." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 10 (2017): 3923–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1035243.
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A study was conducted in 2015 to assess prevalence of common gastrointestinal parasites in 186 working horses and donkeys in Lahore, Gujranwala, Multan and Peshawar Districts of Pakistan. Fresh faecal samples were collected from the ground and examined for gastrointestinal worms using McMaster Technique. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was non-significant higher in Peshawar (95%) followed by Gujranwala (85.7%), Lahore (84.3 %) and Multan (51.3%) respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence of parascaris equourum among the four districts whereas no significant difference was observed in strongyle and oxyuris equi infection among the four districts. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in strongylus spp and Parascaris equourum between horses and donkeys. Donkeys have significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence (92.8%) of GIT parasitic infection than horses (78.3%). Among age groups, younger animals (1-5 years) have the highest significant prevalence 93.7% followed by 76% and 84.6% for 10-15 and 15 -20 years old animals respectively. It is concluded that working equine in Pakistan has highest gastrointestinal parasitic load of Strongylus spp and Parascaris equorum. Raising awareness regarding gastrointestinal parasites and improved management practices are recommended to control GIT parasites. Key Words: Working equine, Prevalence, Parasites
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Springer, Andrew E., Deanna M. Hoelscher, and Steven H. Kelder. "Prevalence of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in US High School Students by Metropolitan Status and Geographic Region." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3, no. 4 (2006): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.4.365.
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Background:Geographic differences in the prevalence of physical activity (PA) have been found among adults in the US; similar studies have not been conducted among adolescents.Methods:Using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the CDC’s 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we estimated the prevalence of PA and sedentary behaviors by metropolitan status and geographic region.Results:The prevalence of PA was lowest and prevalence of sedentary behavior highest for urban students. Students from the South reported the lowest prevalence of PA and the highest prevalence of TV watching, while students from the West generally reported the highest PA prevalence and lowest sedentary behavior prevalence. Prevalence differences ranged from < 1.0% to > 15%, with most differences falling between 5% and 10%.Conclusions:Findings mirror regional variations previously observed in adult PA. We need to understand factors that contribute to lower PA in youth living in the South and in urban settings.
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Palay, Joshua, Tamara L. Taillieu, Tracie O. Afifi, et al. "Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Suicidality in Canadian Provinces." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 11 (2019): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743719878987.
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Objective: There is limited information to guide health-care service providers and policy makers on the burden of mental disorders and addictions across the Canadian provinces. This study compares interprovincial prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol use disorder, substance use disorders, and suicidality. Method: Data were extracted from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health ( n = 25,113), a representative sample of Canadians over the age of 15 years across all provinces. Cross tabulations and logistic regression were used to determine the prevalence and odds of the above disorders for each province. Adjustments for provincial sociodemographic factors were performed. Results: The past-year prevalence of all measured mental disorders and suicidality, excluding GAD, demonstrated significant interprovincial differences. Manitoba exhibited the highest prevalence of any mental disorder (13.6%), reflecting high prevalence of MDD and alcohol use disorder compared to the other provinces (7.0% and 3.8%, respectively). Nova Scotia exhibited the highest prevalence of substance use disorders (2.9%). Quebec and Prince Edward Island exhibited the lowest prevalence of any mental disorder (8.5% and 7.7%, respectively). Manitoba also exhibited the highest prevalence of suicidal ideation (5.1%); however, British Columbia and Ontario exhibited the highest prevalence of suicidal planning (1.4% and 1.3%, respectively), and Ontario alone exhibited the highest prevalence of suicide attempts (0.7%). Conclusions: Significant interprovincial differences were found in the past-year prevalence of mental disorders and suicidality in Canada. More research is necessary to explore these differences and how they impact the need for mental health services.
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Hazim Mahmoud, Hiba, and Eman Daham Hadi Al-Mola. "Diagnosis and Distribution of Hard Ticks in Cows in Mosul City-Iraq." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (2021): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05247.
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The present study included the diagnosis of three species of hard ticks belong to the family Ixodidae parasitizing 72 cows out of a total of 145 cows examined, with a total distribution ratio of 49.6% in the eastern and western regions of Mosul city. Tick species were diagnosed according to morphological and standard characteristics such as palps, capitulum, coxa, scutum, anus, and spiracles. Ticks of H. anatolicum anatolicum recorded the highest prevalence and distribution ratio in cows of 48.6%, followed by both B. annulatus and R. turanicus with 34.7%, 16.7% respectively. As for specifying the patterns of ticks’ distribution on cows, it was observed that a pattern of single infestation recorded the highest distribution ratio of 51%, followed by a double-infestation of 19.4%, while a mixed infestation pattern recorded the lowest ratio of 9.7%. With regard to the distribution of tick species on the body areas per tick species, the results showed the prevalence and distribution of H. anatolicum anatolicum tick species on the back was 44.1%, B. anaulatus recorded the highest prevalence ratio of 29% in the ear, while R. truanicus recorded the highest prevalence in the ear, back, and Axillary of 37.1%, 28.5%, and 20% respectively. The results concerning the distribution of tick species in each area of the body showed the prevalence of H. anatolicum anatolicum in the ear area by 51.1%, both H. anatolicum and anatolicum recorded the highest prevalence ratio in the tail by 51.6% and 43.6% respectively, and the highest prevalence of H. anatolicum and anatolicum species was found in the back by 72%, while the highest prevalence of B.annaulatus was found in the udder and Axillary of 57.9% and 56.4% respectively. Nevertheless, the results illustrated that no significant difference had been found regarding the distribution and prevalence of tick species in the eastern and western regions of the city of Mosul.
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Adhikari, Arjun, Ranjana Gupta, and Ganesh Raj Pant. "Prevalence and Identification of Coccidian Parasite (Eimeria Spp) in Layer Chicken of Ratnanagar Municipality, Chitwan District, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 23 (June 4, 2009): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1838.
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Five different species of Eimeria viz. E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella and E. brunetti were identified. The highest percentage (50%) was found with mixed infection. Specieswise infection with E. tenella was recorded in the present study. Monthwise highest prevalence rate (50%) was observed in March and the lowest (10%) in the months of April and September. Seasonwise prevalence showed the highest prevalence rate (33%) in the summer and spring, and the least (14%) in the autumn. The agewise prevalence was the highest (48%) in the 31-45 days age group and the least (6%) in 0-15 days age group of layers. The coccidiosis was found highly prevalence in mud/mud+brick type floor than in concrete type floor farms.Key words: Coccidiosis; Eimeria; infection; layers; percentage; summer; springJournal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 45-50
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Mbong, Erica Malla, Khan Payne Vincent, and Murkwe Mercy. "Coinfection prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and ticks of small ruminants in Bui and Donga-Mantung Divisions, North West Region of Cameroon." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 3 (2023): 277–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12739720.
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<strong>Background:</strong> This study was conducted to determine the coinfection prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and tick infestation of small ruminants in Bui and Donga-Mantung Divisions. <strong>Methods:</strong> 704 animals were physically examined for tick infestation and stool samples collected for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites, of which 383 were goats and 321 sheep. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of this number of animals examined, 378 were infected with one or more gastrointestinal parasite and ticks, giving an overall prevalence of 53.7% with the highest prevalence recorded in goats (P>0.05). The most common mixed infections recorded were <em>Haemonchus </em>sp<em>/Eimeria </em>sp/ticks,<em> strongyloides </em>sp<em>/ trichostrongylus </em>sp<em>/</em>ticks. Generally, the overall prevalence of these parasites and tick infestation among the different age groups showed that, adults had the highest overall prevalence (64.4%) while the young recorded the lowest prevalence (33.2%). It was however observed that females were the most infected (57.4%) compared to males (49.7%) (P>0.05). Locality based prevalence revealed that Bui Division was the most infected, with goats recording the highest prevalence (55.4%) while in Donga Mantung Division, the highest prevalence was recorded in sheep (50.4%) (P>0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study provides an important step to reduce animal infection and infestation and minimize economic losses in small ruminants. it also provides information that will help farmers of these areas to use strategic treatment methods and medicinal plants to reduce parasite infestations on the animals and also to practice the right traditional management techniques.
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Lee, Jooyoung, Arum Choi, Sukil Kim, and Il Han Yoo. "Trends in Prevalence and Incidence of Epilepsy and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea." Neurology International 16, no. 4 (2024): 880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16040066.
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Population-based data on drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) are lacking. This retrospective study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of pediatric epilepsy and DRE in South Korea using health insurance claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2013–2022). Epilepsy and DRE prevalence and incidence in children <18 years old were estimated over time and by age and sex. Results showed that the age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates of epilepsy increased. The age-standardized prevalence rate of DRE increased, while the age-standardized incidence rate remained unchanged. The standardized prevalence rate of DRE was 0.26 per 1000 persons, and the average standardized incidence rate of DRE was 0.06 per 1000 persons. The prevalence rate of DRE gradually increased with age, with age 0 demonstrating the highest incidence rate. The prevalence of generalized DRE was the highest across all ages, and incidence was the highest at 0 years. Conversely, the incidence of focal DRE did not change with age. Our study revealed a stable incidence rate of DRE in Korea, despite increased prevalence. DRE incidence was the highest in the first year of life, with the generalized type being the most prevalent.
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Rasheed, Marwan, Hala Ali, and Ashraf Mahmood. "Prevalence of Liver Flukes in Some Areas of Salahalddin Province." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 3 (2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.19.3.5.
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The present study aimed to diagnosis liver flukes in sheep in Tikrit and Balad districts and compare between prevalence of liver flukes that infect sheep through prevalence of infection and severity of infection. The present study included examination of 951 sheep of both sexes, and aged ranges between less than 1 year and more than 2 years through December 2017 to the end of June 2018. Flukes were isolated directly from liver of sheep. Infected sheep in Tikrit was 97 sheep with prevalence of infection 17.54% and in Balad there was 35 infected sheep with prevalence of infection 8.79%. The highest prevalence of infection in Tikrit recorded in January30.58% and the lowest prevalence of infection recorded in June10% while highest severity of infection was in December it was 2.3 and the lowest severity of infection was in January 1.07 . In Balad discrete highest prevalence of infection recorded in December 13.33% and the lowest prevalence of infection recorded in June 3.84% while highest severity of infection was in December 2.75 and the lowest severity of infection was in January 1.75. The statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference in infection rate between Tikrit and Balad. 
 
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Westergaard, Maria Lurenda, Cathrine Juel Lau, Karen Allesøe, Signe Thorup Gjendal, and Rigmor Højland Jensen. "Monitoring chronic headache and medication-overuse headache prevalence in Denmark." Cephalalgia 40, no. 1 (2019): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102419876909.
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Objectives To study chronic headache and medication-overuse headache (MOH) prevalence; to identify groups with high prevalence of these conditions; and to identify the most frequently used pain medications among respondents with chronic headache. Background Chronic headache and MOH prevalence in Denmark were last estimated in 2010. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 104,950 individuals aged ≥16 years were randomly sampled for the 2017 Danish Capital Region Health Survey. Responses to questions about headache and use of acute pain medications were linked to demographic registries. MOH was defined as headache ≥15 days/month plus self-report of use of pain medications ≥10 or 15 days/month, in the last three months. Weighted prevalence proportions were calculated. Results Among 55,185 respondents, chronic headache prevalence was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.3–3.2) and MOH prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.8–2.1). Both conditions were more common among females and the middle-aged. Respondents on social welfare or receiving early retirement pensions had the highest prevalences. Among those with chronic headache, 44.7% overused over-the-counter analgesics for headache; paracetamol 41.5%; a combination of different pain relievers 25.3%; ibuprofen 21.9%; opioids 17.0%; combination preparations 14.3%; and triptans 9.1%. Conclusions The highest prevalence of chronic headache and MOH was seen among people with low socioeconomic position. Overuse of paracetamol was most common. Reported opioid use was higher than expected. Groups with high prevalence of MOH should be the focus of public health interventions on rational use of OTC and prescription pain medications.
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ANGELUCCI, GIULIA, MAURO MELONI, PAOLO MERELLA, et al. "Prevalence of Anisakis spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. Larvae in Teleosts and Cephalopods Sampled from Waters off Sardinia." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 10 (2011): 1769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-482.
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A study was carried out on the presence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae in fish and cephalopods caught in Sardinian waters. A total of 369 specimens of 24 different species of teleosts and 5 species of cephalopods were collected from different fishing areas of Sardinia. Larvae were detected and isolated by both visual inspection and enzymatic digestion. These methods allowed Anisakis type I and type II third-stage larvae and Hysterothylacium third- and fourth-stage larvae to be detected. The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance were calculated. The results obtained showed the highest prevalence of Anisakidae in Zeus faber (100%) and of Anisakis in Micromesistius poutassou (87.5%). The highest prevalence of Anisakis type I larvae was in M. poutassou (81.2%), and that of Anisakis type II larvae was in Todarodes sagittatus (20%). The highest values for prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance for Hysterothylacium were found in Z. faber. These prevalences and the mean intensity and abundance were higher than those reported by different authors in other Mediterranean areas. This may be because the enzymatic digestive method used in this research resulted in higher recovery levels. The data suggest that Sardinia may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases and that measures such as information campaigns, aimed at both sanitary service personnel and consumers, should be employed to limit the spread of such zoonosis.
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Azhar, Naufaldi Saputra, Malik Ibrahim Sutan, and Wiweko Ardianto Ferdi. "Prevalence of Appendicitis at Surgery Inpatient Department of a Secondary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Study." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 02, no. 10 (2022): 1059–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7190130.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Appendicitis is an acute inflammation that occurs in the vermiform appendix. The incidence of appendicitis in Indonesia was reported at 5 per 1000 population with the number of cases reaching 10 million annually and was the highest incidence in ASEAN. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Appendicitis in RST Tk.III Wijayakusuma Purwokerto. <strong>Method:</strong> This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that determine the prevalence of appendicitis at RST Tk.III Wijayakusuma Purwokerto during January 2020 – December 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed for age, sex, chief complaints, complications, laboratory tests of blood leucocytes, patient conditions on hospital discharge, and patient length of hospital stays (LOS). <strong>Result: </strong>The highest incidence in persons aged 10 – 19 (29.03%), that females had higher rates (51.61%), the most common presenting complain was pain in right lower abdomen with 93.54% , that 61.29% were developed the complications, the highest proportion were in the group of blood leucocytes ≥10.000/mm3 about 83.87%, patients were planned for continuing in outpatient care with 87.09%, and the highest proportion were belonged to the LOS group of 4 – 5 days that 35.48%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our Study concluded that female were affected more by appendicitis, most common age for appendicitis was 10-19 years, the most presenting complain was pain in right lower abdomen that more developed in to complications with highest propotion were blood leucocytes ≥10.000/mm3 with patients were planned for continuing in outpatient care and the most LOS was 4-5 days
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H. A, Madukwe, Gyar, S. D, and Ekeleme I. K. "Molecular Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium Species, in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Microbiology Archives, an International Journal 7, no. 1 (2025): 40–45. https://doi.org/10.51470/ma.2025.7.1.40.
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Cryptosporidium infection is transmitted through the faecal oral route, mostly through the consumption of contaminated water. The current study was aimed at detecting Cryptosporidium species in Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients attending selected Hospitals in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and ten stool samples were collected from HIV patients attending selected hospitals in study area. Faecal samples were analyzed using formal diethylacetateusing the cheesbrough vortex and polymerase chain reaction technique to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium species. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium species among HIV patients attending selected Hospitals in Nasarawa state was 29 (26.4%) Cryptosporidium parvum (25.5%) and Cryptosporidium hominis (11.8%). Prevalence in relation to health care centers was highest in OLHA (24.0%) and lowest in DASH (17.1%). In relation to gender, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum was higher in males (35.7%) than females (19.1%) and Cryptosporidium hominis was higher in males (11.9%) than in females (11.8%). The Prevalence in relation occupation showed that Cryptosporidium parvumwas highest among the business class (40.0%) and lowest among students (14.8%) while Cryptosporidium hominis had high prevalence among civil servants (18.8%), but low among others (17.14%). The prevalence in relation to age shows that Cryptosporidium parvumhad the highest prevalence at age 31-45 years (38.0%) and lowest at age 16-30 years (12.0%). While Cryptosporidium hominis had the highest prevalence at ages of 0-15 years (22.0%) and the lowest at age 16-30 years (7.5%). There was no significant difference between the different age groups at P > 0.05. The prevalence in relation to education shows Cryptosporidium parvumhad the highest prevalence among the uneducated (37.5%) and lowest among primary education (20%), while Cryptosporidium hominis, the highest prevalence was among the uneducated (18.8%) and lowest was among primary education (17.4%). The prevalence in relation to livestock farming shows Cryptosporidium parvum had a prevalence of 58.0% amongst livestock farmers and 10.0% among non-livestock farmers. Cryptosporidium hominis had 25.0% among livestock farmers and 7.0% among non-livestock farmer. It is interesting to note the high prevalence rate of cryptosporidium infection in the study area. This study establishes that Cryptosporidiasis is a coinfection amongst HIV infection individuals thereby further predisposing such patients to more health hazards. Cryptosporidiasis is therefore a contaminant disease.
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Silas, Sarah, Lynn Maori, Maikudi Haruna, et al. "Prevalence of Malaria Parasitemia among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic at Bingham University Teaching Hospital Plateau State." Greener Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health 7, no. 2 (2019): 18–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3406404.
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<strong>In this study a prevalence of 29.1% malaria parasitemia among pregnant women attending Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) was recorded. The study also showed that multigravidae had the highest prevalence of malaria parasitemia 18.8%, followed by primigravidae who had the lowest prevalence of 10.3%. The age group of 26 to 30 years had the highest prevalence of 11.5% followed by the age group of 31 to 35 years (8.5%) while the least prevalence of 0.6% was in the age group of 41 to 45 years. Women in their first trimester had 2.4% prevalence followed by women in their second trimester who had the prevalence of 12.1% and those in their third trimester had the prevalence rate of 14.9%. The study also shows the result of pregnant women who use long-lasting insecticide treated nets had the highest prevalence of 17.0% while those who do not use the long-lasting insecticide treated nets had the lowest prevalence of 12.1%. At the end of the study the result showed the prevalence rate of 29.1% of malaria parasitemia. Pregnancy is among other factors affecting the prevalence of malaria in pregnant women which is due to low immunity during pregnancy.</strong>
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Abo-Shehada, M. N., L. Sharif, S. N. El-Sukhon, N. Abuharfeil, and R. F. Atmeh. "Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis antibodies in humans in northern Jordan." Journal of Helminthology 66, no. 1 (1992): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00012608.
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ABSTRACTSera of 699 individuals, aged between 5–24 years, from the Irbid area. Jordan, were tested for Toxocara canis antibodies using an ELISA-IgG test. Crude prevalence was 10·9% (76 of 699) but age-adjusted prevalence was 14·3%. The highest prevalence was observed in females aged 5–9 years. 23·3% (7 of 30). and males of 15–19 years of age. 19·5% (16 of 82). The lowest prevalence was observed in females aged 20–25 years. 5·2% (8 of 155). Significant differences (P<0·05) between the prevalences of the toxocaral antibodies in males and females were observed in the age groups 5–9, 15–19 and 20–24 years. The trend of prevalence in relation to age was different according to sex.
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Amin, Mohammad Rohul. "Prevalence of common parasitic and infectious diseases of goat at Babugonj upazilla, Barisal, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 3 (2016): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26453.
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This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of common parasitic and infectious diseases of goat at Babugonj upazilla, Barisal, Bangladesh. The study was performed in Veterinary Clinic, ANSVM, PSTU and Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Babugonj, Barisal during June, 2014 to May, 2015. The diseases were diagnosed on basis of clinical signs, owners statement, general clinical examinations and laboratory diagnosis. A socio-economic survey of 200 destitute women and marginal/poor farmers of Barisal district was also done using a semi-structured questionnaire on their household. 70% of the respondents were females while 30% were males. 65% respondents were involved in agriculture, 13% in own business, 3% in shared business, 2% in govt. service and 17% in non-govt. service. 39% respondents had knowledge about signs of health of goat followed by management (74%), goat diseases (24%), veterinary drugs (20%), animal vaccine (14%) and biosecurity (13%). 53% animal houses were kacha followed by tin (41%) and pukka (2%). Goat received feed from own fodder areas (52%), purchase concentrate (5%) and both (43%). Respondents used tube-well (24%), river (18%), canal (26%) and ponds (32%) as the source of water for their goat. The prevalence of parasitic diseases was 41.33% followed by infectious diseases (39.34%) in goat. The prevalence of parasitic diseases was highest in rainy season 51.28% followed by autumn (41.61%), summer (40.37%) and winter (27.98%). The prevalence of infectious diseases was highest in winter 52.60% followed by autumn (37.55%), summer (37.47%) and rainy season (32.42%). Among viral diseases, prevalence of PPR was highest 8.52% followed by FMD (6.81%), goat pox (2.68%), contagious ecthyma (1.76%) and rabies (0.25%). The prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was highest in winter (15.86%). The prevalence of pneumonia was highest 8.71% in whole year among the bacterial diseases. The prevalence of fungal disease (ringworm) was 1.44% in goat. The prevalence of trematodiasis was 12.60% followed by nematodiasis (11.27%), babesiosis (2.18%), tape worm infection (2.03%) and coccidiosis (1.19%). The prevalence of ecto-parasitic diseases was 12.06% .The prevalence of trematodiasis was highest in rainy season (18.01%). The prevalence of babesiosis was highest in summer (3.81%) and coccidiosis in winter (3.81%). The prevalence of ecto-parasitic diseases was lowest in winter (8.88%). The results of the present study will be helpful for scientists, extension service providers and veterinary practitioners for designing appropriate control measures for such diseases of goat.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 449-456
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Khodjaeva, N. A. "PREVALENCE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE IN BUKHARA REGION." Oriental Journal of Medicine and Pharmacology 02, no. 01 (2022): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojmp-02-01-13.
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We analyzed the frequency of occurrence of various types of strokes and studied data on the epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes using the example of one neurological department. The most common was the atherothrombotic type of ischemic stroke, the least common was the hemodynamic type. The highest risk of ischemic stroke of various types are people with hypertension, tobacco users and overweight, the likelihood of ischemic stroke is higher in autumn and spring.
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Fatima Shihab Al-Nasiri. "Prevalence of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis in Tikreet city, Salah Al-Deen province." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, no. 3 (2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i3.1179.
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During the period from November 2008 till the end of February 2009, the present study was carried on. A total of 105 vaginal and uterine specimens, of married females attended Tikreet teaching Hospital and private laboratories in Tikreet city, was collected and examined. The examination results revealed that 24 women were infected (22.86%). The highest prevalence of infection (35.00%) was in the age group 16-20, with absence of infection in the women aged more than 41 year. It has been observed that the highest prevalence of infection (13.33%) was recorded in the illiterate women, and recorded lower prevalence of infection (0.95%) in women with higher academic achievement. Also, recorded the highest prevalence of infection in rural women (15.24%) compared with women in urban (7.62%). Also, in the present study noted a relationship between the infection with pregnancy and the number of children, the results show that the highest prevalence of infection (7.62%) were in the women without children, whereas the lower prevalence of infection (3.80%) were among the women have six children. Also, the highest prevalence of infection (20.00%) were in the women has not use contraception, compared with women used contraceptive materials. It has been observed the irritation and inflammation in the sites of infection with thick, yellowish-green and foul smell secretions with red blood cells, pus and epithelial cells.
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King, Michael, Irwin Nazareth, Gus Levy, et al. "Prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees across Europe." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 5 (2008): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039966.
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BackgroundThere is evidence that the prevalence of common mental disorders varies across Europe.AimsTo compare prevalence of common mental disorders in general practice attendees in six European countries.MethodUnselected attendees to general practices in the UK, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia, Estonia and The Netherlands were assessed for major depression, panic syndrome and other anxiety syndrome. Prevalence of DSM–IV major depression, other anxiety syndrome and panic syndrome was compared between the UK and other countries after taking account of differences in demographic factors and practice consultation rates.ResultsPrevalence was estimated in 2344 men and 4865 women. The highest prevalence for all disorders occurred in the UK and Spain, and lowest in Slovenia and The Netherlands. Men aged 30–50 and women aged 18–30 had the highest prevalence of major depression; men aged 40–60 had the highest prevalence of anxiety, and men and women aged 40–50 had the highest prevalence of panic syndrome. Demographic factors accounted for the variance between the UK and Spain but otherwise had little impact on the significance of observed country differences.ConclusionsThese results add to the evidence for real differences between European countries in prevalence of psychological disorders and show that the burden of care on general practitioners varies markedly between countries.
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BRUNK, DOUG. "Hepatitis C Prevalence in Injecting Drug Users Highest in U.S." Internal Medicine News 44, no. 13 (2011): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(11)70691-6.
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Hayakawa, Kayoko, Dror Marchaim, Celine Vidaillac, et al. "Growing Prevalence of Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus faecalisin the Region with the Highest Prevalence of Vancomycin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 9 (2011): 922–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661599.
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Wu, D., X. Wu, J. Wu, L. S. Tam, and J. Gu. "FRI0552 GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL BURDEN OF LOW BACK PAIN, 1990-2019: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY 2019." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 877.1–878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2602.
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Background:Low back pain (LBP) has become a major public health problem worldwide although the burden and underlying causes differ across locations and demographic groups.Objectives:To report the distribution, trend and risk factor in the burden of LBP from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019).Methods:Based on GBD 2019, decomposition analyses were performed according to gender, age, geography and sociodemographic index (SDI). The number and age standardized rate of incidence, prevalence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) were calculated.Results:In 2019, female patients have a slightly higher number of prevalence (17%), incidence (15%) and DALYs (16%) than male patients. Out of twenty 5-year age group, the number of incidences, prevalence, DALYs peak at 50-54 age group, while the rate of incidence, prevalence, DALYs peaked at 80-84 age group. From 5 SDI regions, the highest number and age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, DALYs were observed in middle and high SDI region, respectively. Considering 21 GBD regions, the highest number of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs were observed in East Asia, while the highest age standardized rate of incidence, prevalence and DALYs all found in Central Europe, High-income North America, High-income North America, respectively. In 204 countries and territories, the top 3 highest number of incidence, prevalence and DALYs were from China, India, United States of America. The top 3 highest age-standardized rate of prevalence, and DALYs were Georgia, United States of America, Denmark, while top 3 highest age-standardized rate of incidence were Poland, Vanuatu, Romania.From 1990 to 2019, globally, the number of incidence, prevalence, DALYs increased by 50%, 47%, 47% to 223,738,363 (95%UI 197,935,799-253,300,243), 569,089,727 (95% UI 505,632,980-641,256,710), 63,533,528 (95%UI 44,883,714-84,975,210), while age standardized rate of incidence, prevalence and DALYs decreased by 13%, 16%, 16% to 2,750 (95%UI 2,427-3,108), 6,974 (95%UI 6,192-7,862), 778 (95%UI 548-1,043). In 5 SDI regions, low SDI region has the highest percentage increases in number of incidence, prevalence and DALYs, the highest percentage decrease in age standardized rate of incidence, prevalence and DALYs were observed in High-middle SDI. In 21 GBD regions, the highest percentage increase in number of incidence, prevalence and DALYs were found in Central Sub-Saharan Africa, while East Asia has the highest percentage decrease in age standardized rate of incidence, prevalence and DALYs. In 204 countries and territories, the greatest percentage increase in number rate of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs were observed in Qatar, while the greatest percentage decrease in age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs were found in China.In 2019, three risk factors account for 40% (95%UI:36%, 40%) DALYs due to LBP, including smoking (16%, 95%UI:12%, 20%), high body-mass index (7%,95%UI: 4%, 10%), occupational ergonomic factors (24%, 95%UI:22%, 26%).Conclusion:There is significant varied and increased disease burden of LBP by gender, age and geography, partly due to population growth and ageing. The age-standardized rate of prevalence, incidence and DALYs are decreasing, especially in countries such as China and India. Cost effective interventions targeted risk factors are required to minimize the ongoing burden of this condition.References:[1] Hoy D, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(6):968–974.[2] Maher C, et al. Lancet. 2017;389(10070):736–747.[3] GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789–1858.[4] GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1923–1994.Disclosure of Interests:Dongze WU: None declared, Xinyu WU: None declared, Jialing Wu: None declared, Lai-Shan Tam Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Sanofi, Jieruo Gu: None declared
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Baihaqi, Zein Ahmad, Irkham Widiyono, and Wisnu Nurcahyo. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal worms in Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep on the slope of Mount Sumbing, Central Java, Indonesia." November-2019 12, no. 11 (2019): 1866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1866-1871.
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Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) worms in Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep from the slope of Mount Sumbing. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (n=305) were collected directly from the rectum of Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep during the dry and rainy seasons in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The presence of GI helminth eggs in the fecal samples was assessed using the modified McMaster egg counting technique. The identification of the eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of their morphology and size. Results: The highest prevalence of GI worms was observed in male thin-tailed sheep (76.47%) during the rainy season, whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in female Wonosobo sheep (47.36%) during the dry season. The types of GI nematodes observed in these two types of sheep were Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Bunostomum spp., Trichuris spp., and Moniezia spp. The GI worms with the highest prevalence were of Haemonchus spp. and were observed in male thin-tailed sheep. The prevalences of the two types of sheep assessed at an altitude of 1150 m above sea level were higher than those observed at the altitude of 1586 m. The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical parasites infestation in Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep in Kwadungan village was significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that two types of local sheep on the slope of Mount Sumbing are infected with various GI worms during the dry and rainy seasons. The highest prevalence of GI worms was found in thin-tailed sheep at an altitude of 1150 m above sea level during the rainy season, with H. contortus being the most prevalent GI parasites.
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Rustom, Sonia, Rimi Farhana Zaman, Priyanka Barua, and Hamida Khanum. "Urinary tract infection among the outpatients of a diagnostic center in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 2 (2021): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i2.52374.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common bacterial infections occurring in the community and in hospitals of Bangladesh. A total of 300 urine samples were tested for UTI among which 100 were from children (age 1-15 years), 100 from adult female (16-75 years) and 100 from adult male (16-75 years). Out of 300, 126 samples were found positive for UTI (42%). The highest prevalence was observed among adult female (64%) followed by male and children (31% each). According to age groups, the highest prevalence was observed in female aged 16-35 years (70.73%) followed by female of 36-55 years (62.5%) and 56-75 years (52.63%). The highest prevalence for children was observed in age group 11-15 years (33.33%) and for adult male, it was 16-35 years (34.88%). The highest prevalence for adult female and male was observed in summer (66.67% and 38% respectively). The current study confirmed that Bangladeshi women and children are more vulnerable to UTI than Bangladeshi men. Regardless of age, women were more prone to UTI and the prevalence was highest in summer.
 Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 347-356, 2020
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Ritesh, Telavekar* Harshad Patil Umesh Kolap Dr. Shobharaj Malavi Dr. Pratik Maske. "Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence and Diagnostic Advances." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2025): 2851–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15271477.
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This review examines the diabetes mellitus epidemic across various geographic regions, highlighting significant disparities in prevalence rates. The Western Pacific region reports the highest number of adults diagnosed with diabetes, with a staggering prevalence rate of 37.5%, while the Middle East and North Africa exhibit the highest prevalence of adult diabetes at 10.9%. A comparative analysis of the different types of diabetes mellitus—namely type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes—emphasizes their genetic underpinnings, etiological factors, and diagnostic criteria. Recent advancements in molecular genetics have provided insights into the early identification of type 1 diabetes (T1D), which can be detected up to two years prior to the onset of abnormal insulin secretion, while the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by the impairment of insulin secretion in response to fluctuating insulin sensitivity. Additionally, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as hyperglycemia occurring during pregnancy, is highlighted, with an estimated 7% of pregnancies affected, typically diagnosed in the second and third trimesters. This comprehensive review underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and research to address the evolving landscape of diabetes mellitus globally.
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I., Abdullahi, H. Yeldu M., M. Hamid K., Y. Saidu A., Nafiu F., and K. Mustapha U. "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-natal Clinic at General Hospital Argungu, Kebbi State Nigeria." Asian Journal of Biology 3, no. 1 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJOB/2017/33246.
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Hepatitis B virus infection is caused by Hepatitis B virus, and the virus can be transmitted from infected mother to her new born child during pregnancy. This research work was aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic (ANC) in General Hospital Argungu. 300 serum samples were assayed using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Rapid Test Strip manufactured by Lab ACON Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co., Ltd. 38 (12.7%) of the participants have antibodies to HBV. From the research the highest prevalence of HBsAg was found among the age group 20 – 29 years and lowest among the age group of 30 – 39 years. 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester (4 – 6 months) had the highest prevalence rate of 11.3%, followed by 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester (7 – 9 months) with 1.3%, while the 1<sup>st</sup> trimester (1 – 3 months) had zero prevalence (0%). Those that shared sharp objects had the prevalence of 4.6%. Those that had blood transfusion had prevalence of 1.0% while those that are unvaccinated had the highest prevalence of 12.3%. The family type or status i.e. monogamy or polygamy, from the three hundred subjects screened, two hundred and thirty nine family type of the subjects were monogamous and sixty one were polygamous which represent 11.2% and 18.0% respectively. It was observed that fifty had primary education, two hundred and thirty six had secondary education, twenty had tertiary education and ninety four had informal education. Those that had secondary education had the highest prevalence of 7.0% while those with primary education have the least prevalence with 1.0%. This study shows that there are tendencies of vertical transmission from these infected mothers to their new born babies. It is therefore recommended that more studies with advance technology such as PCR should be encouraged and more research should be conducted on a large population in other states of the country so as to establish the endemicity of HBV.
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Wells, J. Elisabeth, John A. Bushnell, Andrew R. Hornblow, Peter R. Joyce, and Mark A. Oakley-Browne. "Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part I: Methodology and Lifetime Prevalence for Specific Psychiatric Disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (1989): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909068289.
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In 1986 the Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study obtained interviews with a probability sample of 1498 adults aged 18 to 64 years. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to enable DSM-III diagnoses to be made. This paper describes the methodology of the study and reports the lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders. The highest lifetime prevalences found were for generalised anxiety (31%), alcohol abuseldependence (19%) and major depressive episode (13%). Men had higher rates of substance abuse whereas women had higher rates of affective disorders and most anxiety disorders. Compared with results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, Puerto Rico and Edmonton, Christchurch has the highest rates for major depression and is among the highest for alcohol abuse/dependence.
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Wells, J. Elisabeth, John A. Bushnell, Andrew R. Hornblow, Peter R. Joyce, and Mark A. Oakley-Browne. "Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study, Part I: Methodology and Lifetime Prevalence for Specific Psychiatric Disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (1989): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486748902300318.
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In 1986 the Christchurch Psychiatric Epidemiology Study obtained interviews with a probability sample of 1498 adults aged 18 to 64 years. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) was used to enable DSM-III diagnoses to be made. This paper describes the methodology of the study and reports the lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders. The highest lifetime prevalences found were for generalised anxiety (31%), alcohol abuse/dependence (19%) and major depressive episode (13%). Men had higher rates of substance abuse whereas women had higher rates of affective disorders and most anxiety disorders. Compared with results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, Puerto Rico and Edmonton, Christchurch has the highest rates for major depression and is among the highest for alcohol abuse/dependence.
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Ogbeibu, Anthony Ekata, Christopher Ehighaukho Okaka, and Blessing Julius Oribhabor. "Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites Community of Fish Species in a Niger Delta Tidal Creek, Nigeria." Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (January 12, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246283.
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A pool of fish species in a Niger Delta tidal creek, Buguma Creek, Nigeria, collected monthly from November 2004 to June 2006, at flood tides, were examined for gastrointestinal helminth parasites. The fish species were caught with hooks and lines and cast nets. Only nematode parasites were encountered in the study. Of the 1,149 fish specimens examined, 213 (representing 18.5%) were infected with various nematodes parasites. Dasyatis margarita had the highest prevalence rate of 66.7% (2 infected out of 3 examined), followed by Pseudotolithus (Pseudotolithus) senegalensis with a prevalence of 41.7% (10 infected out of 24), while the least infected were Arius gigas and Pomadasys jubelini with prevalence of 3.8% and 1.4%, respectively. No infection was recorded in Elops lacerta, Gobius sp., Lutjanus agennes, L. goreensis, Argyrosomus regius, Sphyraena guachancho, S. sphyraena, Cynoglossus senegalensis, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Tilapia guineensis, Liza falcipinnis, Mugil cephalus, and M. curema. The nematode parasites, Capillaria zederi, and Aplectana hamatospicula had the highest prevalence of 33.3% in D. margarita. Laurotravassoxyuris sp. also had the same prevalence in Trichiurus lepturus. Goezia sigalasi had the second highest prevalence of 12.5% in P. (Fonticulus) elongatus which had the highest number examined, due to its high dominance in the water.
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Abdullahi, MM, MS Okaku, JD Tongjura, and ZR Sani. "Prevalence of Gastro- intestinal Parasites of Sheep slaugtered at Keffi Abattoir, Nasarawa Sate, Nigeria." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.160.
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This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep slaughtered in Keffi main abattoir conducted from June to July 2019. One hundred and fifty (150) fecal samples comprising of 60 Yankasa, 18 West African dwarf (WAD), 33 Balami and 39 Uda breed were collected from the abattoir. The samples were taken to the Laboratory to examine the intestinal helminthes eggs and protozoan oocysts using sodium chloride floatation and sedimentation techniques. Out of 150 samples examined, 84(56.0%) had gastrointestinal parasites. The Yankasa breed had the highest prevalence of 32(38.1%), while the WAD breed had the lowest prevalence of 12(14.3%). Female had the highest prevalence of 54(64.3) than male which have 30(35.7%). Young sheep had the highest prevalence of 52(61.9%) than adults which had prevalence of 32(38.1%) respectively. The gastrointestinal parasites encountered were Strongyles edentates sp., Coccidian spp., Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongyles spp and Fasciola spp. Trichostrongyles spp., had the highest prevalence of 23(27.3%) while coccidian had the lowest prevalence of 4(4.7%). Chi-square statistical analysis revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) among the breed, age, and sex of the sheep. The result of the study shows that high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among the sheep breed, therefore with good management practice, prompt diagnosis, treatment with antihelminthes drugs and mass education of farmers on the importance of hygiene and sanitation will reduce the risk of the disease and increase productivity.
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Mbong Erica Malla, Vincent Khan Payne, and Mercy Murkwe. "Coinfection prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and ticks of small ruminants in Bui and Donga-Mantung Divisions, North West Region of Cameroon." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 3 (2023): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2434.
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Background: This study was conducted to determine the coinfection prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and tick infestation of small ruminants in Bui and Donga-Mantung Divisions. Methods: 704 animals were physically examined for tick infestation and stool samples collected for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites, of which 383 were goats and 321 sheep. Results: Out of this number of animals examined, 378 were infected with one or more gastrointestinal parasite and ticks, giving an overall prevalence of 53.7% with the highest prevalence recorded in goats (P>0.05). The most common mixed infections recorded were Haemonchus sp/Eimeria sp/ticks, strongyloides sp/ trichostrongylus sp/ticks. Generally, the overall prevalence of these parasites and tick infestation among the different age groups showed that, adults had the highest overall prevalence (64.4%) while the young recorded the lowest prevalence (33.2%). It was however observed that females were the most infected (57.4%) compared to males (49.7%) (P>0.05). Locality based prevalence revealed that Bui Division was the most infected, with goats recording the highest prevalence (55.4%) while in Donga Mantung Division, the highest prevalence was recorded in sheep (50.4%) (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study provides an important step to reduce animal infection and infestation and minimize economic losses in small ruminants. it also provides information that will help farmers of these areas to use strategic treatment methods and medicinal plants to reduce parasite infestations on the animals and also to practice the right traditional management techniques.
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Saha, Bashudeb Kumar, I. M. Hashim Reza, and Md Iqbal Hossen. "Experience of Prevalence of Thyroid Carcinoma in Thyroid Swelling." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 11 (2023): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2023.v09i11.003.
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Objective: In this study our main goal is to observe the experience of prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in thyroid swelling. Method: This retrospective study was carried out at tertiary hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh from July, 2021 to December 2022. Total 95 patients with thyroid swelling with normal thyroid hormone profile undergoing thyroidectomy were included as a sample population. Results: Among the 95 patients highest 23 (24.21%) patients age was (31-40) years. highest 55 (58%) patients were female and 40 (42%) patients were male. highest 42 (44%) patients had Only thyroid swelling and similar 42 (44%) patients had both thyroid+Lymph node enlargement. patients highest 90 (95%) patients had local metastatic and only 5 (5%) had distant metastatic. 58.95% had no complication on surgery. Conclusion: From our study we can say that, both the initial treatment and follow-up should be individualized according to prognostic indicators and any subsequent evidence of disease.