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Journal articles on the topic 'Highly correlated electrons'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Schlottmann, P. "Exact Results for Highly Correlated Electron Systems in One Dimension." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 04n05 (February 20, 1997): 355–667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297000368.

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One-dimensional conductors are a long-standing topic of research with direct applications to organic conductors and mesoscopic rings. The discovery of the ceramic high-temperature superconductors has revitalized the interest in low-dimensional charge and spin fluctuations of highly correlated electron systems. Several mechanisms proposed to explain the high-T c superconductors invoke properties of the two-dimensional Hubbard model, but probably also some one-dimensional aspects are relevant. Numerous one-dimensional models for correlated electrons have been studied with various approximate, asymptotically exact and exact methods. These results lead to the concept of Luttinger liquid for interacting electron gases without excitation gaps (metallic systems). Characteristic of Luttinger liquids are the charge and spin separation, marginal Fermi liquid properties, e.g. the absence of quasiparticles in the vicinity of the Fermi surface, nonuniversal power-law singularities in the one-particle spectral function and the related absence of a discontinuity in the momentum distribution at the Fermi level, the power-law decay of correlation functions for long times and large distances, persistent currents in finite rings, etc. Due to the peculiarities of the phase space in one dimension some of the models have sufficient conserved currents to be completely integrable. We review exact results derived within the framework of Bethe's ansatz for integrable one-dimensional models of correlated electrons. The Bethe-ansatz method is presented by explicitly showing the steps leading to the solution of the N-component electron gas interacting via a δ-function potential (repulsive and attractive interaction), which is probably the simplest model of correlated electrons. Emphasis is given to the procedure to extract the groundstate properties, the classification of states, the excitation spectrum, the thermodynamics and finite size effects, such as critical exponents of correlation functions and persistent currents. The method is then applied to numerous other models, e.g. (i) a two-band model involving attractive and repulsive potentials and crystalline fields splitting the bands, (ii) the traditional Hubbard chain with attractive and repulsive U, (iii) the degenerate Hubbard model with repulsive U, which displays a metal–insulator transition at a finite U, (iv) a two-band Hubbard model with repulsive U, (v) the traditional supersymmetric t–J model (vi) a two-band supersymmetric t–J model with band-splitting and (vii) the N-component supersymmetric t–J model. Finally, results for models with long-range interactions, in particular r-2 and sinh -2(r) potentials, are briefly reviewed.
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2

Matsumoto, H., M. Sasaki, and M. Tachiki. "A new narrow band of highly correlated electrons in oxide superconductors." Solid State Communications 71, no. 10 (September 1989): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(89)90206-8.

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3

Kajita, Koji, Yutaka Nishio, and Wataru Sasaki. "Electrical conductivity of highly correlated 2D electrons formed on solid neon." Surface Science Letters 170, no. 1-2 (April 1986): A221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(86)90533-5.

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4

Kajita, Koji, Yutaka Nishio, and Wataru Sasaki. "Electrical conductivity of highly correlated 2D electrons formed on solid neon." Surface Science 170, no. 1-2 (April 1986): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(86)90943-x.

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5

Honecker, A., O. Derzhko, and J. Richter. "Ground-state degeneracy and low-temperature thermodynamics of correlated electrons on highly frustrated lattices." Physica B: Condensed Matter 404, no. 19 (October 2009): 3316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.07.092.

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6

Long, M. W. "A sensible itinerant description for systems including highly correlated electrons: the intermediate valence state?" Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 1, no. 51 (December 25, 1989): 10321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/1/51/007.

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7

Chiappe, G., E. Louis, and E. V. Anda. "Hubbard Hamiltonian: Highly correlated electrons from the perspective of the theory of disordered systems." Physical Review B 51, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.326.

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8

Schmidt-Böcking, H., V. Mergel, R. Dörner, H. Bräuning, M. Achler, L. Spielberger, O. Jagutzki, et al. "Cold Target Helium Recoil Ion Momentum Imaging: Understanding Correlated Electron Motion in the Double Ionisation Process." Australian Journal of Physics 52, no. 3 (1999): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph99020.

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Novel imaging techniques enable a highly efficient detection of ions and electrons from ionising multi-fragmentation processes of atoms and molecules induced by photons and charged particles. From position and time-of-flight measurements the vector momenta of these fragments are determined. These devices combine 4Π solid angle with high resolution in momentum space. They deliver multi-dimensional images of the multi-particle break-up processes. These fully differential cross sections unveil the physical processes dominating the reaction. We discuss double ionisation of He induced by photons and fast protons, which is one of the most fundamental two-electron systems. New results are presented. In a speculative manner the future perspectives with respect to the investigation of dynamical electron– electron correlation are discussed.
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9

Krasinkova, M. V. "Highly Correlated State of π Electrons, Self-organization at Doping, and Superconductivity in Doped Picene." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 24, no. 5 (September 16, 2010): 1419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-010-0845-2.

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10

Hanaoka, Takehiro, Yasuhide Inoue, and Yasumasa Koyama. "Possible Orbital-Ordered State in the Highly-Correlated Electronic Material Sr1-xCexMnO3." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.230.

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The simple perovskite manganite Sr1-xCexMnO3 (SCMO) has a highly-correlated electronic system with a three-dimensional character. Because the presence of orbital-ordered states of eg electrons can be expected in SCMO, the crystallographic features of SCMO samples with 0.09 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 have been investigated mainly by transmission electron microscopy. In addition to fundamental reflections due to the simple perovskite structure, their electron diffraction patterns at room temperature exhibited both the presence of superlattice reflections at k = ()c in the cubic notation and the splitting of fundamental and superlattice reflections. The careful analysis of these reflections indicated that the superlattice reflections originated from the R25-type rotational displacement of oxygen octahedra about one of the <100>c directions. On the other hand, the splitting of the reflections was found to be due to a {110}c banded structure consisting of two tetragonal bands with different c/a values. Because one of two tetragonal bands had the c/a value of about 1.028, the splitting reflects the introduction of the Jahn-Teller distortion as a response of a lattice system to orbital ordering. It is thus understood that the C-type orbital ordering of eg electrons should be involved in the state at room temperature for 0.09 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 in SCMO.
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11

Prassides, Kosmas, Yasuhiro Takabayashi, and Takeshi Nakagawa. "Mixed valency in rare-earth fullerides." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1862 (September 7, 2007): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2147.

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Mixed-valence phenomena associated with the highly correlated narrow-band behaviour of the 4f electrons in rare earths are well documented for a variety of rare-earth chalcogenides, borides and intermetallics (Kondo insulators and heavy fermions). The family of rare-earth fullerides with stoichiometry RE 2.75 C 60 (RE=Sm, Yb, Eu) also displays an analogous phenomenology and a remarkable sensitivity of the rare-earth valency to external stimuli (temperature and pressure) making them the first known molecular-based members of this fascinating class of materials. Using powerful crystallographic and spectroscopic techniques which provide direct indications of what is happening in these materials at the microscopic level, we find a rich variety of temperature- and pressure-driven abrupt or continuous valence transitions—the electronically active fulleride sublattice acts as an electron reservoir that can accept electrons from or donate electrons to the rare-earth 4f/5d bands, thereby sensitively modulating the valence of the rare-earth sublattice.
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12

Dynes, R. C. "LOCALIZATION AND THE METAL–INSULATOR TRANSITION — EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 12n13 (May 20, 2010): 2072–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064708.

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This article describes a series of experiments, mostly performed by the author and his collaborators over a period of 15 years, attempting to understand with the increase of disorder, the evolution from a Fermi liquid, to a state of localized electrons. During this period we relied heavily on theoretical advances, and the experiments were designed to test those theoretical models and challenge them in the regime of a highly correlated system. Experimentally, we were able to continuously tune through this regime into the insulating state and this allows measurements all the way from weak localization in two dimensions to strong localization and the insulating state. My efforts were focused mainly on electron transport and tunneling and will be described in this article. For this author, the work of my colleagues (and myself) during this period changed the way I think about electron transport.
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13

Wang, Yu, Danielle M. Hamann, Dmitri Leo M. Cordova, Jihan Chen, Bo Wang, Lang Shen, Zhi Cai, et al. "Enhanced Low-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance in (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)1 Heterostructures due to Highly Correlated Electrons in Charge Density Waves." Nano Letters 20, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 8008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02882.

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14

Fisk, Z., and J. R. Schrieffer. "Highly Correlated Electron Systems." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 8 (August 1993): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400037738.

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The study of materials which have electronic phase transitions is a very active area. Such phase transitions include charge and spin density formation, as well the superconducting condensation in a rapidly expanding variety of materials. It is now common to lump these phenomena under the heading of correlated electron physics, involving as they do the essential role of electron-electron interactions in their occurrence. There are also materials in which there is found no electronic phase transition, but whose properties indicate strong electron-electron effects, such as a number of the so-called heavy fermion compounds. The part of condensed matter theory which addresses the particular physics of such materials is generally known as many-body physics. How to effectively treat strong electronic interactions theoretically is very much an unsolved problem, and theory does not give much more than limited guidance to the experimental research in this area. External magnetic fields have proved to be effective experimental probes of the properties of such systems, and the advent of increasingly strong pulsed fields is opening new possibilities for exposing and pulling apart the underlying electronic ground state of many such materials.
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15

Katsiyannis, Athanassios C., Marie Dominique, Viviane Pierrard, Graciela Lopez Rosson, Johan De Keyser, David Berghmans, Michel Kruglanski, Ingolf E. Dammasch, and Erwin De Donder. "The detection of ultra-relativistic electrons in low Earth orbit." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 8 (2018): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2017041.

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Aims. To better understand the radiation environment in low Earth orbit (LEO), the analysis of in-situ observations of a variety of particles, at different atmospheric heights, and in a wide range of energies, is needed. Methods. We present an analysis of energetic particles, indirectly detected by the large yield radiometer (LYRA) instrument on board ESA's project for on-board autonomy 2 (PROBA2) satellite as background signal. Combining energetic particle telescope (EPT) observations with LYRA data for an overlapping period of time, we identified these particles as electrons with an energy range of 2 to 8 MeV. Results. The observed events are strongly correlated to geo-magnetic activity and appear even during modest disturbances. They are also well confined geographically within the L = 4–6 McIlwain zone, which makes it possible to identify their source. Conclusions. Although highly energetic particles are commonly perturbing data acquisition of space instruments, we show in this work that ultra-relativistic electrons with energies in the range of 2–8 MeV are detected only at high latitudes, while not present in the South Atlantic Anomaly region.
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16

DING, HANQIN, and JUN ZHANG. "EFFECT OF CORRELATED-HOPPING INTERACTION ON A ONE-DIMENSIONAL EXTENDED HUBBARD MODEL WITH SPIN-EXCHANGE INTERACTION." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 07 (March 20, 2012): 1150044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911500448.

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By using the field-theoretical techniques combining bosonization with renormalization group, we study a one-dimensional (1D) model of interacting electrons with on-site repulsion (U > 0), nearest-neighbor (nn) exchange (J) and correlated-hopping (t2, t3) interactions at weak coupling. In the case of a half-filled band, the two-body interaction t2 does not influence phase diagram of the model, while the presence of three-body interaction t3 makes the physics of the system highly non-trivial. By a Hartree–Fock decoupling, the effects of t3 bring about hopping of pairs, V-like (nn Coulomb interaction) and isotropic exchange terms in the reduced model Hamiltonian. Interestingly, a negative t3 provides a possibility for the occurrence of the triplet superconductivity in 1D system with purely repulsive interactions (U, J > 0). The ground state phase diagram including the insulating and superconducting phases is discussed analytically.
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17

Jungen, Ch, M. Jungen, and S. T. Pratt. "The Jahn–Teller effect in the 3 pe ′ Rydberg state of H 3 : review of experimental and ab initio determinations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1978 (November 13, 2012): 5074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0103.

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The dissociative recombination (DR) of H ions with electrons, producing neutral atomic and molecular fragments, is driven primarily by the vibronic Jahn–Teller (JT) interaction between the electronic components of the pe ′ e − –H collision (Rydberg) channel. The JT parameters characterizing this interaction are therefore of great interest as they are required for the theoretical predictions of the DR cross section. In this contribution, we review various determinations of these quantities that have been made previously, based both on spectroscopic studies of 3 pe ′ Rydberg-excited H 3 states, and on the analysis of the corresponding ab initio H 3 Rydberg potential surfaces near the conical intersection (D 3h symmetry) for n =3−5. The highly correlated theoretical 3 pe ′ potential surfaces of Mistrík et al. are used for a new determination of both the linear and quadratic JT terms.
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18

Shimasaki, Rina, Ayumi Shiratani, Hiroki Sato, Yasuhide Inoue, and Yasumasa Koyama. "Features of Electronic States in the Highly-Correlated Electronic System Sr1-xNdxMnO3 around x = 0.50." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1766.

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In the highly-correlated electron system Sr1-xNdxMnO3 (SNMO) having the simple perovskite structure, there are interesting electronic states, which are related to degrees of charge, orbital, and spin freedoms for eg electrons in Mn ions. Among these states, in the case of SNMO, the C-, A-and CE-type antiferromagnetic states were reported for 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.38, for 0.38 ≤ x ≤ 0.48, and for 0.48 ≤ x ≤ 0.52, respectively. The points to note here are that these antiferromagnetic states are directly associated with corresponding orbital orderings, and that the CE-type state also accompanies charge ordering. Because of these features, we were interested in the (A → CE) state change in SNMO. The crystallographic features of prepared SNMO samples with 0.46 ≤ x ≤ 0.50 have thus been investigated mainly by means of a transmission electron microscope equipped with a low-temperature holder. As a result, the state around 100 K for x = 0.48 was first understood to be identified as the Imma state, which includes a large number of orbital-modulated (OM) regions with an average size of about 10 nm. The feature of such regions is that the orbital modulation has an incommensurate periodicity and a charge modulation is absent in them. On the other hand, the CE-type state having the commensurate orbital and charge modulations was also confirmed to be present for x = 0.50. In addition to these two states, the state around 100 K for x = 0.46 was found to be characterized by the coexistence state consisting of the C-type orbital-ordered state and the Imma states including OM regions. In other words, the presence of the A-type orbital-ordered state could not be confirmed in the temperature range between 300 K and about 100 K for 0.46 ≤ x ≤ 0.50 in this study.
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19

Zong, Alfred, Xiaozhe Shen, Anshul Kogar, Linda Ye, Carolyn Marks, Debanjan Chowdhury, Timm Rohwer, et al. "Ultrafast manipulation of mirror domain walls in a charge density wave." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaau5501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau5501.

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Domain walls (DWs) are singularities in an ordered medium that often host exotic phenomena such as charge ordering, insulator-metal transition, or superconductivity. The ability to locally write and erase DWs is highly desirable, as it allows one to design material functionality by patterning DWs in specific configurations. We demonstrate such capability at room temperature in a charge density wave (CDW), a macroscopic condensate of electrons and phonons, in ultrathin 1T-TaS2. A single femtosecond light pulse is shown to locally inject or remove mirror DWs in the CDW condensate, with probabilities tunable by pulse energy and temperature. Using time-resolved electron diffraction, we are able to simultaneously track anti-synchronized CDW amplitude oscillations from both the lattice and the condensate, where photoinjected DWs lead to a red-shifted frequency. Our demonstration of reversible DW manipulation may pave new ways for engineering correlated material systems with light.
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20

Azam, Sikander, Zeesham Abbas, Banat Gul, M. Shoaib Khan, Muhammad Irfan, M. Sohail, Saleem Ayaz Khan, et al. "First-principles calculations of optoelectronic properties of CaO: Eu+2 (SrO: Eu+2) for energy applications." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 30 (December 10, 2018): 1850333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218503332.

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We have performed the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and DFT[Formula: see text]U calculations on the electronic and optical properties of CaO: Eu[Formula: see text] (SrO: Eu[Formula: see text]) phosphors compounds. Herein, we have focused on the polarization of the electronic structures, i.e., the energy bandgap and the density of states. All electrons were treated within the most common exchange and correlation functional called generalized gradient approximation plus optimized effective Hubbard parameter U as GGA[Formula: see text]U. GGA[Formula: see text]U is a very effective tool for describing the electronic band energy upto considerable accuracy. Hence, we have opted for the arbitrary values of U as 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 7.0 eV to treat the strongly correlated electrons for obtaining the matching result with the experimental one. However, GGA[Formula: see text]U is highly expensive in terms of computation due to interaction of d or f electrons. The result shows that the appearance of Eu-4f states at the valance band maximum of the spin-up causes a substantial impact on the electronic properties of the studied compounds. The value of energy bandgap is smaller in case of spin up as compared to spin down case. In case of majority spin, the energy gap of 2.224 (2.14) eV belongs to the Eu-4f orbitals and governs the CBM. The partial densities of states (PDOS) structure displays a strong hybridization that may be pointed to the formation of covalent bonds. The calculated and the measured values are in good agreement with each other. In the study of optical properties of the compound, the optical spectral structure shows a lossless region and uniaxial anisotropy. The value of uniaxial anisotropy is positive at static limit and its value is negative above this value.
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21

RAMAKANTH, A., W. NOLTING, G. G. REDDY, D. MEYER, and S. SCHWIEGER. "LOCAL MOMENT ORDERING IN PERIODIC ANDERSON MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 19n20 (August 10, 2001): 2583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201006434.

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Strongly correlated electron systems are studied with the help of periodic Anderson model (PAM). The PAM in which highly correlated nondegenerate localized states form a subsystem is considered and the focus of study is on magnetic ordering of electrons in these localized states. In order to study the PAM, which is not amenable to exact solution, two approximate schemes are proposed. The first one is called the spectral density approximation (SDA). Guided by the atomic limit, a two-pole ansatz is made for the localized electron spectral density. The spectral weights and the quasiparticle energies are determined by a moment method. From the spectral density, the spin and energy dependent self-energy is evaluated. A principal limitation of this method is that per ansatz, the quasiparticles are of infinite lifetime. To introduce a finite lifetime, a second approximation scheme is proposed where coherent potential approximation (CPA) is applied to PAM. In order to do CPA, an alloy analogy (AA) is required. In the conventional AA, the concentrations α and the atomic levels E of the fictitious alloy are taken from the atomic limit. Since the interest is in the magnetic properties, this AA is not appropriate. Therefore, a modified AA (MAA) is proposed. In MAA, α and E are obtained using the high energy expansion of the Green's function and the self-energy. In both the approximations, the density of states and the magnetization are selfconsistently evaluated and a phase diagram is obtained. Comparison of the results of the two schemes brings out the effect of quasiparticle damping on the magnetic properties.
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22

Leon, Christopher C., Anna Rosławska, Abhishek Grewal, Olle Gunnarsson, Klaus Kuhnke, and Klaus Kern. "Photon superbunching from a generic tunnel junction." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaav4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4986.

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Generating time-correlated photon pairs at the nanoscale is a prerequisite to creating highly integrated optoelectronic circuits that perform quantum computing tasks based on heralded single photons. Here, we demonstrate fulfilling this requirement with a generic tip-surface metal junction. When the junction is luminescing under DC bias, inelastic tunneling events of single electrons produce a stream of visible photons of plasmonic origin whose superbunching index is 17 (improved to a record of 70 by the authors during publication) when measured with a 53-ps instrumental resolution limit. The effect is driven electrically, rather than optically. This discovery has immediate and profound implications for quantum optics and cryptography, notwithstanding its fundamental importance to basic science and its ushering in of heralded photon experiments on the nanometer scale.
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23

Hargreaves, J. K., M. J. Birch, and D. S. Evans. "On the fine structure of medium energy electron fluxes in the auroral zone and related effects in the ionospheric D-region." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 5 (May 10, 2010): 1107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1107-2010.

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Abstract. This study is based on measurements of trapped and precipitated electrons of energy >30 keV and >100 keV observed by polar orbiting environmental satellites during overpasses of the imaging riometer at Kilpisjärvi, Finland. The satellites are in sun-synchronous orbits of about 850 km altitude, recording the electron fluxes at 2-s time resolution. The riometer measures the radiowave absorption at 38.2 MHz, showing the spatial pattern within a 240 km field of view. The analysis has focussed on two areas. Having found a close correlation between the radiowave absorption and the medium-energy electron fluxes during satellite overpasses, empirical relationships are derived, enabling one quantity to be predicted from the other for three sectors of local time. It is shown that small-scale variations observed during a pass are essentially spatial rather than temporal. Other properties, such as the spectra and the relation between precipitated and trapped components, are also considered in the light of the theory of pitch angle scattering by VLF waves. It is found that the properties and behaviour depend strongly on the time of day. In the noon sector, the precipitated and trapped fluxes are highly correlated through a square law relationship.
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24

Kojima, Kentaro, Yasuhide Inoue, and Yasumasa Koyama. "Crystallographic features of orbital ordering related to the C-type antiferromagnetic state in the simple perovskite manganite Ca1-xPrxMnO3." MRS Advances 1, no. 9 (2016): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.143.

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ABSTRACTIn the highly-correlated electronic system Ca1-xPrxMnO3 having the simple perovskite structure, it has been reported that there exists the C-type orbital-ordered (COO) state accompanying an antiferromagnetic ordering for 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.25. According to the previous studies concerning orbital-ordered states in simple perovskite manganites, the COO state was understood to be characterized by a spatial array of (3z2-r2)-type orbitals for 3d electrons in Mn ions. The notable feature of the COO state in Ca1-xPrxMnO3 is that the state with the monoclinic-P21/m symmetry appears as a result of the structural transition from the disordered state with the orthorhombic-Pnma symmetry. Compared with the COO-state formation from the cubic-Pm$\overline 3$m state, however, the formation from the disordered-Pnma state has not been understood yet. We have thus examined the crystallographic features of the formation of the COO state in Ca1-xPrxMnO3, mainly by x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In the case of x = 0.16, for instance, the COO state was found to appear from the disordered-Pnma state around 90 K on cooling. The notable feature of the formation is that, in the Pnma state just before the COO-state formation, characteristic diffuse scattering appeared around each reflection in electron diffraction patterns, together with the splitting of the 200c reflection in x-ray powder diffraction profiles in the pseudo-cubic notation. Based on these experimental data, it is understood that the formation of the COO state in Ca1-xPrxMnO3 accompanies remarkable fluctuations of the C-type orbital ordering in the disordered-Pnma state.
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Watanabe, Daiki, Kaori Sugii, Masaaki Shimozawa, Yoshitaka Suzuki, Takeshi Yajima, Hajime Ishikawa, Zenji Hiroi, Takasada Shibauchi, Yuji Matsuda, and Minoru Yamashita. "Emergence of nontrivial magnetic excitations in a spin-liquid state of kagomé volborthite." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (July 20, 2016): 8653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524076113.

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When quantum fluctuations destroy underlying long-range ordered states, novel quantum states emerge. Spin-liquid (SL) states of frustrated quantum antiferromagnets, in which highly correlated spins fluctuate down to very low temperatures, are prominent examples of such quantum states. SL states often exhibit exotic physical properties, but the precise nature of the elementary excitations behind such phenomena remains entirely elusive. Here, we use thermal Hall measurements that can capture the unexplored property of the elementary excitations in SL states, and report the observation of anomalous excitations that may unveil the unique features of the SL state. Our principal finding is a negative thermal Hall conductivity κxy which the charge-neutral spin excitations in a gapless SL state of the 2D kagomé insulator volborthite Cu3V2O7(OH)2⋅2H2O exhibit, in much the same way in which charged electrons show the conventional electric Hall effect. We find that κxy is absent in the high-temperature paramagnetic state and develops upon entering the SL state in accordance with the growth of the short-range spin correlations, demonstrating that κxy is a key signature of the elementary excitation formed in the SL state. These results suggest the emergence of nontrivial elementary excitations in the gapless SL state which feel the presence of fictitious magnetic flux, whose effective Lorentz force is found to be less than 1/100 of the force experienced by free electrons.
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Yamagata, Misato, Ayumi Shiratani, Yasuhide Inoue, and Yasumasa Koyama. "Formation of the C-type Orbital-Ordered State in the Simple Perovskite Manganite Sr1-xSmxMnO3." MRS Advances 1, no. 9 (2016): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.217.

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ABSTRACTThe simple perovskite manganite Sr1-xSmxMnO3 (SSMO) has been reported to have a highly-correlated electronic system for eg-electrons in a Mn ion. According to the previous studies, the C-type orbital-ordered (COO) state with the I4/mcm symmetry was found to be formed from the disordered-cubic (DC) state on cooling. The feature of the COO state is that its crystal structure involves both the Jahn-Teller distortion to orbital ordering and the R25-type rotational displacement of oxygen octahedra. Because of the involvement of both the distortion and the displacement, their competition should be expected in the formation of the COO state. However, the detailed features of the competition have not been understood yet. Thus, the crystallographic features of the COO state in SSMO have been examined by x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that, when the Sm content increased from x = 0 at room temperature, the DC state changed into the COO state with the tetragonal symmetry around x = 0.13. The notable feature of the COO state is that the state is characterized by a nanometer-scaled banded structure consisting of an alternating array of two tetragonal bands. One tetragonal band consisted of the COO state involving both the Jahn-Teller distortion and the R25-type rotational displacement. But, there was only the latter displacement in the other, the state of which could be identified as a disordered tetragonal (DT) state. Based on this, it is understood that the COO-state formation from the DC state should take place via the appearance of the DT state, which may involve fluctuations of the C-type orbital ordering.
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27

Tanaka, Y. M., M. Ishii, Y. Murayama, M. Kubota, H. Mori, M. Y. Yamamoto, A. Kadokura, D. Lummerzheim, J. Desrochers, and D. S. Evans. "Comparison between CNA and energetic electron precipitation: simultaneous observation by Poker Flat Imaging Riometer and NOAA satellite." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 5 (July 27, 2005): 1555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1555-2005.

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Abstract. The cosmic noise absorption (CNA) is compared with the precipitating electron flux for 19 events observed in the morning sector, using the high-resolution data obtained during the conjugate observations with the imaging riometer at Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR; 65.11° N, 147.42° W), Alaska, and the low-altitude satellite, NOAA 12. We estimate the CNA, using the precipitating electron flux measured by NOAA 12, based on a theoretical model assuming an isotropic pitch angle distribution, and quantitatively compare them with the observed CNA. Focusing on the eight events with a range of variation larger than 0.4dB, three events show high correlation between the observed and estimated CNA (correlation coefficient (r0)>0.7) and five events show low correlation (r0<0.5). The estimated CNA is often smaller than the observed CNA (72% of all data for 19 events), which appears to be the main reason for the low-correlation events. We examine the assumption of isotropic pitch angle distribution by using the trapped electron flux measured at 80° zenith angle. It is shown that the CNA estimated from the trapped electron flux, assuming an isotropic pitch angle distribution, is highly correlated with the observed CNA and is often overestimated (87% of all data). The underestimate (overestimate) of CNA derived from the precipitating (trapped) electron flux can be interpreted in terms of the anisotropic pitch angle distribution similar to the loss cone distribution. These results indicate that the CNA observed with the riometer may be quantitatively explained with a model based on energetic electron precipitation, provided that the pitch angle distribution and the loss cone angle of the electrons are taken into account. Keywords. Energetic particles, precipitating – Energetic particles, trapped – Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions
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28

Peguero-Pina, José Javier, Domingo Sancho-Knapik, Fermín Morales, Jaume Flexas, and Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín. "Differential photosynthetic performance and photoprotection mechanisms of three Mediterranean evergreen oaks under severe drought stress." Functional Plant Biology 36, no. 5 (2009): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08297.

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The ability of three Mediterranean oaks (Quercus coccifera L., Quercus ilex ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp and Quercus suber L.) to cope with intense drought was investigated. Water stress reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in these species. Drought-mediated changes in photosynthetic-related parameters allowed the characterisation of the specific photo-protective mechanisms. Specifically, Q. suber downregulated photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) closing PSII reaction centres (i.e. decreasing photochemical quenching) and through an antheraxanthin (A) + zeaxanthin (Z)-mediated diminished intrinsic PSII efficiency (Φexc.). These changes were lower in Q. coccifera and Q. ilex ssp. ballota, which decreased further ETR photo-inactivating PSII centres (evidenced by their low predawn Fv/Fm ratios at high water stress). The predawn Fv/Fm ratio decreased in Q. coccifera largely due to Fm decreases, whereas in Q. ilex ssp. ballota Fv/Fm decreases were due to F0 increases, below –4 MPa. These Fv/Fm decreases were well correlated with increases in the A + Z photo-protective pigments. An analysis of dark respiration and photorespiration as alternative electron sinks under intense drought stress also revealed interspecific differences. The largest imbalance between electrons generated and consumed increased potentially oxidative damage in Q. suber. Subsequently, only Q. suber showed loss of chlorophyll, which is one of the main targets of oxidative damage. Data suggest that Q. coccifera and Q. ilex ssp. ballota seem more able than Q. suber to withstand highly xeric conditions. Therefore, our results question the consideration of Mediterranean evergreen oaks as a homogeneous physiological group.
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29

Sobacchi, Emanuele, Joonas Nättilä, and Lorenzo Sironi. "A fully kinetic model for orphan gamma-ray flares in blazars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab562.

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ABSTRACT Blazars emit a highly variable non-thermal spectrum. It is usually assumed that the same non-thermal electrons are responsible for the IR-optical-UV emission (via synchrotron) and the gamma-ray emission (via inverse Compton). Hence, the light curves in the two bands should be correlated. Orphan gamma-ray flares (i.e. lacking a luminous low-frequency counterpart) challenge our theoretical understanding of blazars. By means of large-scale two-dimensional radiative particle-in-cell simulations, we show that orphan gamma-ray flares may be a self-consistent by-product of particle energization in turbulent magnetically dominated pair plasmas. The energized particles produce the gamma-ray flare by inverse Compton scattering an external radiation field, while the synchrotron luminosity is heavily suppressed since the particles are accelerated nearly along the direction of the local magnetic field. The ratio of inverse Compton to synchrotron luminosity is sensitive to the initial strength of turbulent fluctuations (a larger degree of turbulent fluctuations weakens the anisotropy of the energized particles, thus increasing the synchrotron luminosity). Our results show that the anisotropy of the non-thermal particle population is key to modelling the blazar emission.
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30

Matsumoto, Hideki, and Masashi Tachiki. "Highly Correlated Electron State in Oxide Superconductors." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 106 (1991): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.106.31.

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31

Matsumoto, H., and M. Tachiki. "Highly Correlated Electron State in Oxide Superconductors." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 106 (May 16, 2013): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.106.31.

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32

Shaginyan, V. R. "Magnetoresistance of a highly correlated electron liquid." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters 77, no. 4 (February 2003): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1571877.

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33

Eisenstein, J. P., L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West. "Tunneling between highly correlated 2D electron systems." Surface Science 305, no. 1-3 (March 1994): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)90923-7.

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34

Oomi, Gendo, Tomoko Kagayama, Fuminori Honda, Keijiro Honda, Nobuo Mori, Paul C. Canfield, Vladimir Sechovský, and Alexander V. Andreev. "Highly correlated electron systems under multi-extreme conditions." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 10, no. 49 (December 14, 1998): 11531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/10/49/039.

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35

Kawakami, Norio, and Sung-Kil Yang. "Conductivity in one-dimensional highly correlated electron systems." Physical Review B 44, no. 15 (October 15, 1991): 7844–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.44.7844.

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36

Aihara, M., A. Takahashi, and H. Gomi. "Photogenerated States in a Highly Correlated Electron System." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 18n20 (August 10, 2003): 3370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203021010.

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We study the properties of photogenerated states of strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) with using the 'excited-state' t-J Hamiltonian. The lowest energy state in the two-photon excited manifold is calculated for the 20 site two-dimensional square lattice at half filling. The analysis of the off-diagonal order suggests that the d-wave superconducting state is photogenerated. We propose an optical method using the virtual transition to avoid the temperature growth arising from the optical excitation. We also investigate the transient behavior of the photoexcited state in SCES, which distinctively reflects the spin-charge separation in SCES.
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37

Julian, S. R., A. P. Mackenzie, G. J. McMullan, C. Pfleiderer, F. S. Tautz, I. R. Walker, and G. G. Lonzarich. "Low energy excitations of highly correlated electron systems." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 95, no. 1-2 (April 1994): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00754921.

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38

Awaga, Kunio, Kenji Nomura, Hideo Kishida, Wataru Fujita, Hirofumi Yoshikawa, Michio M. Matsushita, Laigui Hu, Yoshiaki Shuku, and Rie Suizu. "Electron-Transfer Processes in Highly-Correlated Electron Systems of Thiazyl Radicals." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 87, no. 2 (February 15, 2014): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20130248.

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39

Irkhin, Valentin Yu, and Alexander V. Zarubin. "Ferromagnetism in the Highly-Correlated Hubbard Model." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.469.

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The Hubbard model with strong correlations is treated in the many-electron representation of the Hubbard's operators. The regions of stability of saturated and non-saturated ferromagnetism in the n–U plane for the square and simple cubic lattices are calculated. The role of the singularities of bare density of states for the magnetic phase diagram is discussed. A comparison with the results of previous works is performed.
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40

Chen, Cai, Han Zhang, Arshid M. Ali, and Hui Zhang. "Correlation Between Tunable Oxygen Defects in TiO2 Nanoflower and Its Photocatalytic Performance for the Degradation of Organic Waste." Nano 15, no. 02 (February 2020): 2050018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500186.

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Oxygen defects of nanoflower TiO2 photo-catalyst was fabricated at the presence of hydrogen at different temperatures (100–600∘C) and the concentrations of oxygen defects were firstly quantitatively analyzed by hydrogen programmed temperature reduction techniques (H2-TPR). Total oxygen defect concentration and surface oxygen defect concentration were consistent with XPS and EPR results, respectively. Even at the hydrogen thermal temperature of 600∘C, the shape of TiO2 was still kept as nanoflower structure as characterized by SEM. However, the rutile and anatase coexist in the composition of crystal phase when hydrogen reduction temperature of the TiO2 catalyst reached 400∘C to 600∘C as proved by Raman and XRD results. TiO2 sample with oxygen defects shows excellent photo-catalytic activity for degradation of Direct Blue 78(DB) regardless of ultraviolet light (the maximum degradation rate achieved within 100[Formula: see text]min was 93.27%) or visible light (the maximum degradation rate achieved within 100[Formula: see text]min was 88.25%). The photo-catalytic activity seems to be highly correlated with the surface oxygen defects of TiO2 catalyst. With surface oxygen-defect concentrations increase, the degradation ability on DB was significantly enhanced, while bulk oxygen defects had negligible effect on the photo-catalytic activity. The enhanced photo-catalytic performance of TiO2 with a fixed amount of oxygen defects was attributed to the strong capturing capability of the photo-generated electrons. In addition, the surface defects could also improve the photo-catalytic reaction efficiency.
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41

ANDREEV, BORIS V., and YURY N. KOSTRUBOV. "DOSE-RATE EFFECT IN HIGHLY CORRELATED SOLIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 13 (August 10, 1991): 2271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000882.

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The concept of the dose-rate effect in highly correlated solids (HCS) is presented. The effect consists in the experimentally observed dependence of efficiency of processes stipulated by excitations of electron subsystem of solids upon the dose rate of high-energy radiation. Results of the dose-rate effect investigations in soft-mode (ferroelectric) crystals and chalcogenide glassy semiconductors are presented and discussed. A possibility of revealing the dose-rate effect in such HCS as high-temperature superconductors and compounds with metal-insulator (semiconductor) transition is also discussed.
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42

FISK, Z., D. W. HESS, C. J. PETHICK, D. PINES, J. L. SMITH, J. D. THOMPSON, and J. O. WILLIS. "Heavy-Electron Metals: New Highly Correlated States of Matter." Science 239, no. 4835 (January 1, 1988): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4835.33.

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43

Shiba, H., and H. Yokoyama. "Variational Monte Carlo studies of highly correlated electron systems." Physica B+C 148, no. 1-3 (December 1987): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(87)90206-3.

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44

Hu, Gong-Jia, Nicholas Kioussis, Amitava Banerjea, and Bernard R. Cooper. "Resonant band-electron–f-electron scattering theory for highly correlated actinide systems." Physical Review B 38, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 2639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.38.2639.

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45

Posthumus, J. H., P. Lukey, and R. Morgenstern. "Double electron capture into highly charged ions: correlated or independent?" Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 21, S1 (March 1991): S285—S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01426325.

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46

Bradshaw, L. A., S. H. Allos, J. P. Wikswo, and W. O. Richards. "Correlation and comparison of magnetic and electric detection of small intestinal electrical activity." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 272, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): G1159—G1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.5.g1159.

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The small intestinal basic electrical rhythm (BER) was detected simultaneously with serosal electrodes and a transabdominal superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer in anesthetized rabbits. We induced mesenteric ischemia to correlate serosal electrode recording of changes in BER with the SQUID magnetometer. The BER frequency was obtained by spectral analysis of the data using Fourier and autoregressive techniques. There was a high degree of correlation (r = 0.96) between the BER frequency determined using the serosal electrodes and the BER frequency ascertained from SQUID data. Additionally, the effects of an electrical insulator on the external electric and magnetic fields were studied in the rabbit model. The presence of an insulator profoundly attenuates external electric potentials recorded by cutaneous electrodes but does not significantly affect external magnetic fields or serosal potentials. We conclude that SQUID magnetometers could noninvasively record small intestinal BER that was highly correlated with the activity recorded by invasive serosal electrodes. The advantages of magnetic field measurements have encouraged us to investigate clinical applications.
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47

Shiga, M., H. Imai, H. Mitamura, and T. Goto. "Metamagnetic transition in BaVS3: a highly correlated electron system with frustration." Physica B: Condensed Matter 294-295 (January 2001): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00629-3.

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48

Boehm, M., P. Steffens, J. Kulda, M. Klicpera, S. Roux, P. Courtois, P. Svoboda, J. Saroun, and V. Sechovsky. "ThALES—Three Axis Low Energy Spectroscopy for highly correlated electron systems." Neutron News 26, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10448632.2015.1057050.

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49

Monarkha, Yuri P., Shin-ichiro Ito, Keiya Shirahama, and Kimitoshi Kono. "Inelastic Quantum Magnetotransport in a Highly Correlated Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid." Physical Review Letters 78, no. 12 (March 24, 1997): 2445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.78.2445.

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50

Gazza, C. J., A. E. Trumper, and H. A. Ceccatto. "The triangular-lattice Hubbard model: a frustrated highly correlated electron system." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 6, no. 41 (October 10, 1994): L625—L630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/6/41/001.

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