Academic literature on the topic 'HIghway 23'

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Journal articles on the topic "HIghway 23"

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Shr, Jin-Fang, Benjamin P. Thompson, Jeffrey S. Russell, Bin Ran, and H. Ping Tserng. "Determining Minimum Contract Time for Highway Projects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1712, no. 1 (January 2000): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1712-23.

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An increasing number of state highway agencies (SHAs) are using A (cost) + B (time cost) bidding ( A + B bidding) for highway construction. The A + B bidding concept is designed to shorten the total contract time by allowing each contractor to bid the number of days in which the work can be accomplished, in addition to the traditional cost bid. The SHA is then presented with the problem of determining a reasonable range of contract time submitted by the bidders. Most SHAs do not currently restrict the range of B. However, several problems may arise from an unrestricted range of B. First, if no minimum is set for B, a bidder may inflate the cost bid and submit an unreasonably low B, using the excess cost bid to cover the disincentives charged for exceeding the time bid. Second, if no maximum is set for B, then a bidder with a high B and a low-cost bid may be awarded the job and make an unreasonable amount of money from incentive payments. This study develops a quantified model of the price-time bidding contract. A construction cost-versus-time curve is developed from Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) data. The contractor’s price-versus-time curve is then combined with the road-user cost to determine the optimum lower limit to be set on B. Finally, several projects completed by the Florida DOT will be used to illustrate this model.
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Honegger, G. "NATIVE PLAYWRIGHT: TOMSON HIGHWAY." Theater 23, no. 1 (December 1, 1992): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-23-1-88.

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Tighe, Susan, Ralph Haas, and Ningyuan Li. "Overlay Performance in Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program’s Long-Term Pavement Performance Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1778, no. 1 (January 2001): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1778-23.

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Esch, Gregory, Michael H. Scott, and Eugene Zhang. "Graphical 3D Visualization of Highway Bridge Ratings." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 23, no. 6 (November 2009): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2009)23:6(355).

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Bing, Xue, Quanlun Wei, Jian Lu, Chaoyang Li, and Yi Zhang. "Sustainable Highway Design: Disentangling the Effects of Geometric-Related and Traffic-Related Factors on Urban Highway Traffic Emissions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 16, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7514612.

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Reducing highway traffic emissions, which is a major part of China's total transportation-related emissions, is a key to China's sustainable development. However, the effects of geometric-related and traffic-related factors on highway traffic emissions are rarely studied in China. Employing data collected from Cao'an Highway in Shanghai, China, and Traffic Software Integrated System (TSIS) as a simulation tool, this paper analyzed the effects of three geometric-related factors and one traffic-related factor on three traffic emissions (HC, CO, and NOx). The geometric-related factors are lane width, number of vehicle lanes, and intersection lane configuration, and the traffic-related factor is free-flow speed. The results indicated that (1) widening the lane width may cause the increase of CO emissions, (2) increasing the number of vehicle lanes may result in the decrease of all three emissions, (3) intersection lane configuration has significant influence on traffic emissions, and (4) the average speed of 23-24 mph is associated with the lowest traffic emissions. The research findings will facilitate the understanding on effects of various factors on highway traffic emissions and provide insights for policy-makers, scholars, and engineers into the improvement of sustainable highway design and management.
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Yeau, Kyong Y., Halil Sezen, and Patrick J. Fox. "Load Performance of In Situ Corrugated Steel Highway Culverts." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 23, no. 1 (February 2009): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2009)23:1(32).

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Lee, Yong-Seon, Won-Suk Jang, and Miroslaw J. Skibniewski. "Noise Evaluation for Pavement Maintenance in Metropolitan Highway Bridges." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 23, no. 3 (June 2009): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2009)23:3(181).

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Zhao, Tong, Satheesh K. Sundararajan, and Chung-Li Tseng. "Highway Development Decision-Making under Uncertainty: A Real Options Approach." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 10, no. 1 (March 2004): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0342(2004)10:1(23).

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Han, Y. H., S. L. Lau, M. Kayhanian, and M. K. Stenstrom. "Correlation analysis among highway stormwater pollutants and characteristics." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.057.

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Stormwater runoff from highway land use is a common non-point source of pollutants. A large quantity of highway stormwater runoff characteristics were collected in California during the past three years. Correlations among various water quality parameters and constituents were performed using data sets collected over the 2000–2001, 2001–2002, and 2002–2003 wet seasons for 18, 21 and 23 storm events at three highway sites in west Los Angeles, California. In addition, statistical and graphical correlation analysis of the mass first flush ratio (MFF) with storm characteristics was made to determine if the first flush is related to site or storm characteristics. The results and analyses performed indicate that (1) TSS correlates well with most particulate-bound metals. However, TSS was poorly correlated with most other pollutants. (2) Strong correlations were also observed among dissolved and total metals; DOC, COD, TKN and oil and grease; conductivity and Cl. (3) Total metals, COD and DOC were generally well correlated with mass first flush, suggesting that BMPs that treat the early portion of runoff have an opportunity to remove high concentrations of these pollutants. Keywords Correlation analysis; highway stormwater runoff; mass first flush; storm characteristics
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Bayraktar, Alemdar, Ahmet Can Altunişik, Bariş Sevim, Temel Türker, Arman Domaniç, and Yavuzhan Taş. "Vibration Characteristics of Kömürhan Highway Bridge Constructed with Balanced Cantilever Method." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 23, no. 2 (April 2009): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2009)23:2(90).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIghway 23"

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Roslan, Norsyafina. "Landslide at Chainage 23+800 of Simpang Pulai-Lojing Highway,Malaysia: the observations and datainterpretation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014371.

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Lam, Yu-wang, and 林裕宏. "Limit equilibrium analyses of the cut slope at chainage 23+800 Pos Selim highway Malaysia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49770445.

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The slope instability occurred in Pos Selim since 1997. Several cut back of the slope had been carried out, however, the instability of the slope was still occurred. In 2006, the head of the slope was moved for 2m. This raises the concern on the failure mechanism of the slope. In this study, slope stability analysis with Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) was carried out. In view of the interslice shear could play an important role to the overall slope stability, SARMA’s method was adopted in the study. In associate with the ground model develop for the slope stability analysis, analysis of raingauge record and groundwater monitoring record also included in the study.
published_or_final_version
Applied Geosciences
Master
Master of Science
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Roslan, Norsyafina. "Landslide at Chainage 23+800 of Simpang Pulai-Lojing Highway, Malaysia : the observations and data interpretation /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36762830.

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Lin, Kuan-Ming, and 林冠銘. "Studies of Highway Slop Landslide:Focusing of Tai 23 Highway." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52972591051038196848.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
96
The purpose of the thesis is to figure out the corrrelation among the inherent and initiating causes, which result in or induce highway slope landslides, focusing on one section of Tai-23 Highway from 0k+000 to 45k+965. The software Back-propagation Network (BPN) of PC Neuron 4.0 is the method to analyze the collected 201 sets of data on highway slope landslides, happening at 125 sites during the recent 10 years. Choose the following six factors as input variants of the Network: rainfall, slope, altitude, shape, formation and characteristics; failed and non-failed slope as the output variants. Here are the BPN optimization referents constructed for this research: one hidden layer, five processing elements, learning rate η=0.5, momentum factor 0.6, train circle 4000 times, test period 10, and the ratio 1:1 between the numbers of training examples and testing examples. Through the training and testing of BPN, the result shows that the error rate of training examples is 21.605% and that of testing examples 36.421%. The accuracy rate of the two kinds of examples is both higher than 60%, which tells that the Network analysis model and optimization referents constructed for this research is feasible. According to the experimental testing of Confusion Matrix, the accuracy rate is 81.79%, which indicates it’s for certain and valuable to use BPN as a method to analyze the cases of slope landsides. Based on the analysis result of Weight Sensitivity Matrix , the research concludes that the six factors which affect the slope landslides are put in the order of influential strength from high to low: formation, slope, altitude, rainfall, shape and characteristics.
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Books on the topic "HIghway 23"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure. National Highway System Designation Act of 1995: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on S. 440, a bill to amend Title 23, United States Code .... Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Infrastructure, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Transportation and. National Highway System Designation Act of 1995: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on S. 440, a bill to amend Title 23, United States Code .... Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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International Conference on ITS Telecommunications. 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications proceedings : June 21-23 2006, Chengdu, China : ITST 2006. Edited by Wen Guangjun and Dian zi ke ji da xue (Chengdu, China). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2006.

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US GOVERNMENT. Compilation of selected surface transportation laws: Title 23, U.S.C.--Highways ... Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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US GOVERNMENT. Compilation of selected surface transportation laws: Title 23, U.S.C.--Highways ... Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Fusco, Gaetano. Models and technologies for intelligent transportation systems: Proceedings of the international conference (Rome, 2009, June 22-23). Roma: Aracne, 2010.

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S, Sharma R., and Indian Roads Congress, eds. Seminar on High Speed Road Corridors, Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, 23-24 September, 2005. New Delhi: Indian Roads Congress, 2006.

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US GOVERNMENT. Compilation of selected surface transportation laws: Title 23, United States code, miscellaneous highway provisions, Urbn Mass Transportation Act of 1964. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Plenum, T͡SKPS na rabotnit͡site ot transporta (Bulgaria). Spazvaneto na rezhima na rabotnoto vreme--faktor za bezopasnostta na dvizhenieto: Osmi Plenum na T͡SKPS na rabotnit͡site ot transporta, proveden na 23 noemvri 1985 g. Sofii͡a: T͡Sentr. kom-t na profsŭi͡uza na rabotnit͡site ot transporta v Bŭlgarii͡a, 1985.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. Highway bridge inspections: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 23, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIghway 23"

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Kern, P., R. D. Horstmann, and M. Dietrich. "CLINICAL RESOLVEMENT OF MALARIA INFECTION PARALLELS DECREASE OF HIGHLY ELEVATED SERUM NEOPTERIN LEVEL." In February 23–March 2, 1985, St. Christoph, Arlberg, Austria, edited by Helmut Wachter, H. Ch Curtius, and W. Pfleiderer, 341–46. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110860566-031.

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Garstka, Jens, and Gabriele Peters. "Highly Parallelizable Algorithm for Keypoint Detection in 3-D Point Clouds." In Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics 12th International Conference, ICINCO 2015 Colmar, France, July 21-23, 2015 Revised Selected Papers, 267–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31898-1_15.

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"Afterword:." In Highway Robbery, 216–28. University Press of Kansas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1tqcxrq.23.

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"Latin and South American History." In The History Highway, 165–76. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315289618-23.

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Zukas, Alexander. "The Cold War." In The American History Highway, 203–12. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003059554-23.

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"Investing in Off-Highway Plant Operator Development." In Management of Off-Highway Plant and Equipment, 226–41. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482289152-23.

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"What is Home Highway and how does it work?" In The Essential Guide to the Internet for Health Professionals, 222. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203426920-23.

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"The road construction tender price index." In Spon's Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2014, 80. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482264340-23.

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"CLASS D: DEMOLITION AND SITE CLEARANCE." In Spon's Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2009, 214–15. Spon Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482266306-23.

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"GUIDANCE NOTES." In Spon's Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2004, 231–32. Spon Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482265408-23.

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Conference papers on the topic "HIghway 23"

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Khattak, Mohammad J., Zhanping You, and Vikram Kyatham. "On the Mechanical Modeling of Asphalt Matrix and Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures." In Airfield and Highway Pavements 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41005(329)23.

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Brar, H. S., E. Tutumluer, M. R. Thompson, L. Gosain, and R. Anderson. "Characterizing Subgrade Soils and Establishing Treatment Needs for a New Runway at the Chicago's O'Hare Airport." In Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40838(191)23.

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Li, Xiugang, Lei Yu, and Virender Garg. "Evaluation of the Overall Effectiveness of Highway Safety Improvement Projects at the National Level." In Eighth International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering (AATTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40730(144)23.

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Stacy K Luell, William F Hunt, and Ryan J Winston. "Improving Water Quality and Hydrology Associated with Highway Bridge Deck Runoff Using Bioretention and a Swale." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29784.

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Lewis, Toby, Lan Doan, Tom Robins, Stuart Batterman, Bhramar Mukherjee, Graciela Mentz, Xiaodan Ren, Sonya Grant, and Edith Parker. "Asthma Control In Detroit Children Is Associated With Exposure To Highway Traffic." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2474.

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Nisumanti, Sartika, Febryandi Febryandi, and Yunita Mentari. "Black Spot Analysis on National Highway in Palembang." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021182n2.

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In the last five years, the number of accidents that have been occurred in Palembang, South Sumatra Province reached 7.016 incidents. This research aims to discover the characteristics of traffic accidents and accident-prone (black spot) locations. The characteristic of a traffic accidents will be analyzed by questionnaire, while the black spot analysis will be investigated based on the frequency (death, seriously injured), INDII Aus-Aid and AEK. The result of the components of accidents presented that the road users was the main factor of traffic accidents with around 83 %, 87% of incidents happened less than 3 (three) every month, and 47 % of the sacrifice of seriously injured, in which the highest gender victims was male (83%). The Black Spot analysis outcome at Soekarno Hatta Street located at STA 23 + 500, in which Soekarno Hatta Street experienced the most common traffic disaster with 110 of the circumstances were 31 casualty who passed away, 39 heavily wounded, and the material loss gained Rp. 10.439.901.000.
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O'Donnell, Jonathan, Craig H. Benson, Tuncer B. Edil, and Sabrina L. Bradshaw. "Trace Element Leaching from Recycled Pavement Materials Stabilized with Fly Ash." In Green Streets and Highways Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41148(389)23.

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Bocutoğlu, Ersan, and Emre Bulut. "An Investigation of Potential Effects of Opening of Turkish-Armenian Border on the Turkish and Armenian Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00116.

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Turkish-Armenian border has been closed due to Nagorno-Karabagh question since 1993. The fact that the 20% of Azerbaijan territory is under Armenian invasion has prevented investigation of potential economic effects of Turkish-Armenian border on related parties so far from being a research agenda. In this study a descriptive approach is adopted since statistical data in hand is inappropriate for an econometric investigation. Long run advantages that an open border brings to Turkey are alternative highway, railway and pipeline routes to Caspian Sea basin and Central Asia while short run advantages are economic gains to Turkish border provinces and port cities connected with Armenia. The long run and short run benefits are vital for Armenia whose economy is agrarian, dependant heavily on foreign trade and foreign aids, experienced high transportation costs, unstable, poor and loosing population although the population data does not reflect the real situation. For Armenia, an open border means a direct territorial connection to European Union (EU), new employment opportunities, up to 23% fall in transportation costs, trans-border pipeline benefits, a flourished foreign trade, and increasing material well being. Consequently the opening of Turkish-Armenian border is strongly advised for it is beneficial to the related parties under the assumption that a resolution on Azeri-Armenian conflicts is reached
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Hwang, Jeffrey T., Seamus P. Kane, and William F. Northrop. "Hydrous Ethanol Steam Reforming and Thermochemical Recuperation to Improve Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Emissions and Efficiency." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9753.

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Dual-fuel strategies can enable replacement of diesel fuel with low reactivity biofuels like hydrous ethanol. Our previous work has shown that dual-fuel strategies using port injection of hydrous ethanol can replace up to 60% of diesel fuel on an energy basis. However, they yield negligible benefits in NOx emissions, soot emissions, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) over conventional single fuel diesel operation. Pretreatment of hydrous ethanol through steam reforming before mixing with intake air offers the potential to both increase BTE and decrease soot and NOx emissions. Steam reforming can upgrade the heating value of the secondary fuel through thermochemical recuperation (TCR) and produces inert gases to act as a diluent similar to exhaust gas recirculation. This study experimentally investigated a novel thermally integrated steam reforming reactor that uses sensible and chemical energy in the exhaust to provide the necessary heat for hydrous ethanol steam reforming. An off-highway diesel engine was operated at three speed and load settings with varying hydrous ethanol flow rates reaching fumigant energy fractions of up to 70%. The engine achieved soot reductions of close to 90% and minor NOx reductions; however, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions increased. A first law energy balance using the experimental data shows that efficient TCR effectively upgraded the heating value of the secondary fuel. Overall, hydrous ethanol steam reforming using TCR can lead to 23% increase in fuel heating value at 100% conversion, a limit approached in the conducted experiments.
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Leach, Felix, Andrew Lewis, Sam Akehurst, James Turner, and David Richardson. "Sub-23 nm Particulate Emissions from a Highly Boosted GDI Engine." In 14th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0153.

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Reports on the topic "HIghway 23"

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Adsit, Sarah E., Theodora Konstantinou, Konstantina Gkritza, and Jon D. Fricker. Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317280.

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As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
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Hirschon, A. S., R. B. Wilson, and O. Ghaly. Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Phase 1 final report, August 23--November 22, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/132655.

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Hirschon, A. S., and R. B. Wilson. Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 5, August 23, 1992--November 22, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138985.

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Hirschon, A. S., and R. B. Wilson. Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 4, May 23, 1992--August 22, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104811.

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Hirschon, A. S., and R. B. Wilson. Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10157664.

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Hirschon, A. S., and R. B. Wilson. Highly dispresed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 10, November 23, 1993--February 22, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10162740.

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Hirschon, A. S., and R. B. Wilson. Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 6, November 23, 1992--February 22, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172416.

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Hirschon, A. S., and R. B. Wilson. Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 8, May 23, 1993--August 22, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146895.

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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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10

Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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