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Journal articles on the topic 'Highway planning Roads'
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1
Siewczyński, Borys. "COMPUTER VISUALISATION IN URBAN PLANNING OF HIGHWAY SURROUNDINGS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2004.9636287.
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Computer visualisation is described as useful instrument, that enables to design urban (municipal) surroundings of highways and other main (supralocal) road communication lines in optimal way. Capabilities of visualisation techniques are presented by selected examples of spatial planning and urban spaces design. The presented examples show importance of urban space perception from viewpoint of road traffic participant. The paper also describes aesthetic issues concerning design of urban and suburban spaces, connected with elements of main transit roads, and their technical infrastructure. Some exemplary design processes of wide near‐by highway areas, using architectural and town planning methodology aided by computer visualisation are described too, as the significance of visual presentation quality is in close connection with specific planning tasks. Computer visualisation, visual information is shown as instruments that allow local communities to participate in design, spatial planning, and legislation.
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Marjuki, Bramantiyo, and Iwan Rudiarto. "Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis and Least-Cost Path on The Highway Route Planning: A Case Study of Bawen – Yogyakarta Highway, Indonesia." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.7.2.113-130.
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Infrastructure planning ideally not only considers the geotechnical aspects and physical conditions of the infrastructure development location but also must be able to support regional development. One kind of spatial analysis technique which has capabilities to integrate various regional characteristics associated with its suitability for a particular use is spatial multi-criteria analysis. By using Bawen-Yogyakarta Toll Road Plan as a case study, this research is intended to apply route planning that takes into account regional characteristics, through the involvement of Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Least Cost Path analysis. The analysis results then compared with the government preferred route to see its advantages and disadvantages. The results show that the generated route from the analysis has several advantages over the government preferred route, while also having some shortcomings. The advantages of route analysis results compared to government preference routes include: better able to avoid earthquake and landslide-prone areas, better support to the preservation of protected areas, has more areas with flat to gentle topography, and have smaller additional construction cost as the consequences of intersection with existing roads, rivers and railways, In terms of affected land-use, generated route also has minimum negative impacts on the sustainability of agricultural land in the study area. The shortcomings of the analysis result are: not yet able to avoid flood and volcanic eruptions-prone areas as well as government’s preferences route, higher land acquisition cost estimation, and less support for industrial and tourism activities in the research area. Improvement of analysis methods, data, and cost assessment strategy is needed to obtain better results and more appropriate modeling and analysis, in order to support regional infrastructure planning and development.
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Williams, Huw C. W. L., Dirk Van Vliet, and Kwang Sik Kim. "The Contribution of Suppressed and Induced Traffic in Highway Appraisal, Part 2: Policy Tests." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, no. 7 (July 2001): 1243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33204b.
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In conjunction with the equilibrium model and reference states developed in paper 1 we examine, over the period 2000 – 20, the effect of new roads and highway capacity changes, applied with and without road pricing, on vehicle emissions and economic (user) benefits. In particular, we quantify the elasticity effects on these outputs. By unifying the treatment of emission and economic benefits, we have confirmed that those conclusions of the 1994 report of the Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment relating to the effect of generated traffic on user benefits may be extended to the case of emissions. Specifically, we have shown both theoretically and numerically that, in congested conditions, elasticity effects may significantly undermine the emission benefits from new and expanded roads. With regard to both components of benefit we have drawn particular attention to the contribution of the off-peak period. For demand elasticities as low as −0.25 we also show that, compared with their evaluation under free use, the emission benefits derived from a road scheme may be significantly reduced, and user benefits moderately reduced, under a regime of congestion pricing. We finally address Foster's contention that the inclusion of induced traffic in road investment appraisal may improve the case for building and improving roads to a higher capacity. We discuss the theoretical conditions under which this may occur but suggest that these are unlikely to hold in practice.
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Gardjito, Edy. "STUDY PERENCANAAN GEOMETRIK, PERKERASAN JALAN DAN PERENCANAAN ANGGARAN BIAYA PADA JALAN RAYA KALIDAWIR – Ds. NGUBALAN Kec. KALIDAWIR." UKaRsT 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v1i2.264.
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Kalidawir Highway Ngubalan Vilage which was originally a concrete rebate pavement located in the southern highland of Tulungagung City, is alternative road for local resident to go to the City area. So that the road can be sard to be guite crowded with traffic. So, here the author took the initiative to plane the road using flexible pavement. The hope for future, so it can be use as well as possible for the local Villagers. Even There included connecting roads between several villages.The method use in this planning is a method that is often used lag other planners, namely : Book Of Directorate General of Binamarga, 1970. Regulation Of Road Geometric Planning Directorate General Of Bina Marga, 1997. Procedures for planning geometric the inter city roads, The Center For Research and Development Jakarta, and use of others literature.The conclusion that can be get planning for this is, this way it is ±3.200 meter with width across 7 meter. Is available is 2 aligment horizontal PI 1 With radisius 200 meter as big as 34º33,5’5,82”. PI 2 radisius plan 150 meter as big as 34º4’22,29”. With surface course pavement = 5 cm, base course = 20 cm and sub base course = 15 cm.Keyword : Road Geometric Planning, Flexible Pavement and RAB
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Ficek, Rosa E. "Imperial routes, national networks and regional projects in the Pan-American Highway, 1884–1977." Journal of Transport History 37, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526616654699.
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This article discusses the planning and construction of the Pan-American Highway by focusing on interactions among engineers, government officials, manufacturers, auto enthusiasts, and road promoters from the United States and Latin America. It considers how the Pan-American Highway was made by projects to extend U.S. influence in Latin America but also by Latin American nationalist and regionalist projects that put forward alternative ideas about social and cultural difference—and cooperation—across the Americas. The transnational negotiations that shaped the Pan-American Highway show how roads, as they bring people and places into contact with each other, mobilize diverse actors and projects that can transform the geography and meaning of these technologies.
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Hasan, Mehedi, and Mohd Abdus Sobhan. "Highway Failure and Their Maintenance: A Study of Rajshahi Metropolitan City, Rajshahi, Bangladesh." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Technology 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31427/ijstt.2020.3.2.2.
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Total length of paved road in Rajshahi City is about 186.64 km (2011 census). It shows that about 23% of total road lengths are present in failure condition. This study shows an investigation to compute the flexible pavement’s failure types, to define and identify the causes, and select the best maintenance for that failures of flexible pavement within Rajshahi City. There are many types of failures occur on the roads such as different types of cracks, potholes, raveling, water bleeding, corrugation and shoving, depression, and rutting. The possible causes of flexible pavement failures are improper bituminous mixes with poor quality of materials, heavy traffic loads, heavy rainfall, and bad drainage on pavement. The failures are gradually raised due to lack of proper planning, inspection, and treatment. These failures create different types of disadvantages like traffic jam, discomfort to the passengers as well as drivers, increasing vehicle operating, maintenance cost, etc. This study proves that the authorities practice maintenance procedures to repair the failures of pavement which are about 60% similar to the conventional road maintenance procedures. The authorities as Roads and Highway Department and Rajshahi City Corporation are suggested to do maintenance according to the requirements of urgent maintenance and availability of fund which is found in this investigation.
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Qiu, Kaijin, Kai Sun, Kou Ding, and Zhen Shu. "A FAST AND ROBUST ALGORITHM FOR ROAD EDGES EXTRACTION FROM LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-693-2016.
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Fast mapping of roads plays an important role in many geospatial applications, such as infrastructure planning, traffic monitoring, and driver assistance. How to extract various road edges fast and robustly is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a fast and robust algorithm for the automatic road edges extraction from terrestrial mobile LiDAR data. The algorithm is based on a key observation: most roads around edges have difference in elevation and road edges with pavement are seen in two different planes. In our algorithm, we firstly extract a rough plane based on RANSAC algorithm, and then multiple refined planes which only contains pavement are extracted from the rough plane. The road edges are extracted based on these refined planes. In practice, there is a serious problem that the rough and refined planes usually extracted badly due to rough roads and different density of point cloud. To eliminate the influence of rough roads, the technology which is similar with the difference of DSM (digital surface model) and DTM (digital terrain model) is used, and we also propose a method which adjust the point clouds to a similar density to eliminate the influence of different density. Experiments show the validities of the proposed method with multiple datasets (e.g. urban road, highway, and some rural road). We use the same parameters through the experiments and our algorithm can achieve real-time processing speeds.
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Qiu, Kaijin, Kai Sun, Kou Ding, and Zhen Shu. "A FAST AND ROBUST ALGORITHM FOR ROAD EDGES EXTRACTION FROM LIDAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-693-2016.
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Fast mapping of roads plays an important role in many geospatial applications, such as infrastructure planning, traffic monitoring, and driver assistance. How to extract various road edges fast and robustly is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a fast and robust algorithm for the automatic road edges extraction from terrestrial mobile LiDAR data. The algorithm is based on a key observation: most roads around edges have difference in elevation and road edges with pavement are seen in two different planes. In our algorithm, we firstly extract a rough plane based on RANSAC algorithm, and then multiple refined planes which only contains pavement are extracted from the rough plane. The road edges are extracted based on these refined planes. In practice, there is a serious problem that the rough and refined planes usually extracted badly due to rough roads and different density of point cloud. To eliminate the influence of rough roads, the technology which is similar with the difference of DSM (digital surface model) and DTM (digital terrain model) is used, and we also propose a method which adjust the point clouds to a similar density to eliminate the influence of different density. Experiments show the validities of the proposed method with multiple datasets (e.g. urban road, highway, and some rural road). We use the same parameters through the experiments and our algorithm can achieve real-time processing speeds.
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Abiansyah, Lutfi, and Andri Irfan Rifai. "Analysis Traffic Volume of Rigid Pavement Damage on Roads Badami Karawang." Journal of World Conference (JWC) 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/prd.v2i2.221.
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The road was a means of land transport is very important to the social relations and economic goods and services, and with a population that is increasing in every year to year, increasing the number of vehicles passing on the road that there is, therefore, in need planning a safe way according to the function, volume, and nature of traffic. Road repairs cost a lot and this action is felt not quite right because remedies can not survive by age plans and in kutif of IDN Times in 2019 that the condition damages the highway in the district of Karawang based on data from the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Khanewal district, along with the road status 1937.53 kilometers of district roads in poor condition. (IDN Times, 2019). This study was conducted to assess how much influence the volume of vehicles to the damage occurred on roads Badami karawang at STA 0 + 000-0 + 500 and STA 2 + 250-2 + 750, to examine the above problems by analyzing data from LHR and road damage the method of Highways, then further by looking at the correlation between the volume of vehicles on the road destruction by using SPSS and to increase the strength of rigid pavement using cement concrete road pavement planning 2003 is an additional layer (overlay) using the rigid pavement. From the analysis and discussion get Simultaneous Effect Hypothesis Test results that the Sig. (0,000) <α (0.05) and f count (35.671)> F table (3.89) H0 is rejected. It can be concluded that the simultaneous effect of the Light Vehicle Road damage of 33.8%, the simultaneous effect of the Heavy Vehicle Road damage amounted to 47.7%, Motorcycles simultaneous effect on road damage by 12.1% and the simultaneous effect of Motor Vehicles not to road damage by 14.2%, the result of the identification of the type and class of road damage indicates that the need for administration of additional layer (overlay) as a treatment for damage to roads, based on the analysis of the design used road repair method with a design life of 10 years, namely: (Overlay) Rigid Pavement (Rigid Pavement) as thick as 18 cm .and of analysts earn fees at cost (overlay) Rigid Pavement (Rigid Pavement) Rp. 9,114,626,20 / segments.
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Tsarenkova, I. M. "Economic Fundamentals for Selecting Directions for Modernization of Highway Network." Science & Technique 17, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-4-331-337.
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The paper proposes a methodological approach to selection of rational directions for modernization of highway network while taking into account an increasing requirements of the national economy in a modern transport infrastructure being formed under conditions of the development of national transport and logistics system. The initial data required for variant development of design solutions contain information on existing transport and operational characteristics of the road network, intraand inter regional transport and economic relations, formed logistics supply chains, volume and structure of transportation and possible development stages for certain sections of highways. In this case initial data have a certain degree of uncertainty that requires to take design decisions with due consideration of the possibility to change information in a certain interval. The proposed options to use economic criteria make it possible to assess efficiency of logistics systems and their participants carry out operations pertaining to supply and handling of products and cargoes on specific sections of a road network and these measures are proceeding from common goals based not only on national or regional level, but also on the global level in the context of strategic planning. Study objectives play a significant role in selection of a calculation method, as well as its structure, a degree of its aggregation. Construction of an optimal scheme for modernization of a highway network presupposes to determine such totality of design solutions for construction, reconstruction and repair of motor roads with year-wise distribution for calculation period and certain network sections and such distribution of their freight flows when an amount of the reduced costs for transportation of the entire volume of products and modernization of motor roads would be minimal in accordance with transportation rates.
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Ma, Jianrong, Huan Liu, and Qiang Meng. "Discussion on Management and operation guarantee measures for tourist highway construction in Shanxi Province." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502028.
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With the industrial economy in Shanxi Province showing the pressure of gear shifting and transformation and upgrading, the province’s GDP growth has slowed down significantly. In sharp contrast to this, the tourism industry in Shanxi Province has maintained rapid growth, becoming a new bright spot in the transformation and development of Shanxi Province, and a new driving force for economic development. As one of the pillars of the development of the tourism industry, tourist roads have put forward new requirements for the construction scale, service quality, and operation management of tourist roads. Based on the status of the planning and demonstration construction of tourism roads in Shanxi Province, This paper analyses and discusses the management and management issues that are incomplete in the implementation process, involving too many procedures of management departments, insufficient funds, and unclear operation and profit models. Organizational management and operation guarantee measures for the whole province’s tourist highways.
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Chatterjee, Sudipa, and Sudeshna Mitra. "Safety Assessment of Two-Lane Highway using a Combined Proactive and Reactive Approach: Case Study from Indian National Highways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 7 (May 16, 2019): 709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846479.
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In India, approximately 30% of road accident fatalities occur on two-lane rural roads. Thus research focused on identifying risk factors on this road type is of immense interest to most of the road agencies. Although these highways are more hazardous and account for more severe crashes, there is a lack of scientific safety assessment of such highways compared with multi-lane highways. Proactive approaches, such as road safety audit, have been widely adopted by the government of India to reduce crash frequency and severity on highways. However, an effective road safety management program should exercise an optimal balance between reactive and proactive strategies to identify potential hazards and treat already existing hazardous sites. Through a case study on two two-lane highways, several risk factors were identified using the principles of road safety audit, and were mapped with the available crash data analysis to develop a risk matrix. This risk matrix was found to be helpful in the selection of countermeasure design in a more scientific way, targeting the frequent crash types and severities expected to result at the high crash sites. Finally, it was observed that integrating the findings from reactive analysis with proactive safety management is more beneficial, since they are methodically proven with historical crash records and provide the knowledge of plausible safety hazards at sites where similar features exist. The proposed methodology could be adopted by road agencies in India and other developing countries for effective proactive safety planning.
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Lin, Kun-Chin. "The Politics of Financing the Highway Boom in China." Asian Survey 58, no. 3 (May 2018): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.3.511.
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Fiscal federalism has provided the institutional basis for the rapid highway boom in China for three decades, creating a close linkage between subnational investment and revenue claims on tolled roads. This model of capitalization is financially unsustainable and undermines the standardization of taxation and contracting of public–private partnership projects.
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Zou, Qiang. "Hazard Assessment of Highways Affected by Debris Flows." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2455.
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Roads often run across various drainage basins in mountain areas which include complex geographic and geomorphic conditions. Highways in these areas have been frequently interrupted by debris flows. Without emergency management planning, such debris flows can lead to extensive life and property loss. Through analyzing the hazard effect modes and damage process along highways, we developed three key indexes, scale of debris flows, deposits on highways and river blockage, to describe the highway disasters quantitatively. According to actual investigation, we proposed new methods to determine the value of hazard indexes. Subsequently, we developed the assessment and mapping methods for highways safety by using hazard degree of debris flow. The hazard is graded into 4 grades as extreme low, low hazard, medium and high hazard level. Through applying this method, a case study was carried out on national highway G318 in Xiqu River basin. After analyzing debris flow hazard for the whole highway, the assessment results are consistent with the field surveyed data which indicate actual disaster situation. This hazard method can objectively evaluate the debris-flow hazard along highways, and is useful for highway reconstruction in mountainous areas suffering from active debris flows.
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Montoya-Alcaraz, Marco, Alejandro Mungaray-Moctezuma, and Leonel García. "Sustainable Road Maintenance Planning in Developing Countries Based on Pavement Management Systems: Case Study in Baja California, México." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010036.
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The objective of this research is to develop a useful procedure that allows the collection, analysis, processing and updating of pavement conditions data, with the vision of generating inputs for the implementation of sustainable strategies for maintenance and rehabilitation of roads, based on pavement management systems. The relevance of this proposal lies in the fact that road management agencies in most of the developing countries have limited resources, staff and data to plan the interventions carried out on road networks. The proposed model comes from a work that has been done since 2014 to date, on the Centinela-La Rumorosa Highway, located in the state of Baja California, Mexico. Results integrate data gathered from analyzing the surface and structural conditions of its pavement and the study area, as well as the operating conditions of the road, including a georeferencing process in order to determine critical points in the network, and simulation to determine the effects of maintenance work carried out annually. It is concluded that the proposed planning model contributes to the improvement of highway performance, since it allows planning and administering the allocation of resources in making appropriate maintenance and rehabilitation decisions. Additionally, it allows to generate valuable inputs for pavement management systems implementation. The foregoing allows road management agencies in developing countries to provide a quality transportation system to their users.
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Streiter, R., and G. Wanielik. "The road surveying system of the federal highway research institute – a performance evaluation of road segmentation algorithms." Advances in Radio Science 11 (July 4, 2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-81-2013.
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Abstract. The construction of highways and federal roadways is subject to many restrictions and designing rules. The focus is on safety, comfort and smooth driving. Unfortunately, the planning information for roadways and their real constitution, course and their number of lanes and lane widths is often unsure or not available. Due to digital map databases of roads raised much interest during the last years and became one major cornerstone of innovative Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADASs), the demand for accurate and detailed road information increases considerably. Within this project a measurement system for collecting high accurate road data was developed. This paper gives an overview about the sensor configuration within the measurement vehicle, introduces the implemented algorithms and shows some applications implemented in the post processing platform. The aim is to recover the origin parametric description of the roadway and the performance of the measurement system is being evaluated against several original road construction information.
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Kronprasert, Nopadon, Katesirint Boontan, and Patipat Kanha. "Crash Prediction Models for Horizontal Curve Segments on Two-Lane Rural Roads in Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169011.
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The number of road crashes continues to rise significantly in Thailand. Curve segments on two-lane rural roads are among the most hazardous locations which lead to road crashes and tremendous economic losses; therefore, a detailed examination of its risk is required. This study aims to develop crash prediction models using Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) as a tool to identify the relationship among road alignment, road geometric and traffic conditions, and crash frequency for two-lane rural horizontal curve segments. Relevant data associated with 86,599 curve segments on two-lane rural road networks in Thailand were collected including road alignment data from a GPS vehicle tracking technology, road attribute data from rural road asset databases, and historical crash data from crash reports. Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) for horizontal curve segments were developed, using Poisson regression, negative binomial regression, and calibrated Highway Safety Manual models. The results showed that the most significant parameter affecting crash frequency is lane width, followed by curve length, traffic volume, curve radius, and types of curves (i.e., circular curves, compound curves, reverse curves, and broken-back curves). Comparing among crash prediction models developed, the calibrated Highway Safety Manual SPF outperforms the others in prediction accuracy.
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Puentes, Robert. "All Roads Lead to Congress: The $300 Billion Fight Over Highway Funding." Journal of the American Planning Association 74, no. 2 (April 24, 2008): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944360801940672.
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Rifai, Andri Irfan, Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo, António Gomes Correia, and Paulo Pereira. "Genetic Algorithm Applied for Optimization of Pavement Maintenance under Overload Traffic: Case Study Indonesia National Highway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.369.
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National Road Network which consists of a traditional road structure and modern roads, require planned maintenance and should be in accordance with the needs. The limited choice of available national road network and the deviation of the overloading encourage the government to be more responsive to carry out maintenance management. The institution in charge of road maintenance is often constrained by the limited budget available. A two-objective optimization model considers maximum roughness and minimum maintenance cost for used road network with overload. The study was conducted on the entire national road network in West Java which are paved with flexible pavement. In the proposed approach, data mining model are used for predicting the roughness index over a given period of time. Routine and periodic maintenance are chosen in this study. Multi-objective optimization model was developed based on Genetic Algorithms. Budget constraints and overloading are the two constraints in the developed model. Based on the R-Tools result, the Pareto optimal solutions of the two objective functions are obtained. From the optimal solutions represented by roughness index and cost, an agency more easily obtain the information of the maintenance planning. Results of the developed model has been implemented through the selection of maintenance on the road network scenarios with different levels of overload.
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Rolt, John, Kenneth Mukura, and Andrew Otto. "Development of a Simplified Agency Life-Cycle Costing Tool for Gravel Roads." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114512.
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Understanding how roads behave is necessary both for their design and also to make sure that suitable and appropriate maintenance is programmed and carried out effectively. The problem is that this is not an easy task because there are many variables that affect road performance, and these differ from place to place. This is true of both paved and unpaved roads. Most countries have a large network of rural unpaved roads that require regular maintenance at relatively high total cost over many years. If the performance of such roads can be improved, especially in whole life terms, their costs can be reduced. Decision support tools such as the highway development and management system have been developed based on several studies in different countries. The performance models developed as a result of these studies often contain many variables and require extensive data collection before they can be used. This is often beyond the resources available. To improve this situation and to develop better understanding of the performance of gravel roads, this study was undertaken in six countries. It was found that two material characteristics, namely plasticity product and grading modulus, had a major effect on the performance of gravel roads, and were found to predict the performance of gravel roads to an acceptable level of accuracy. The results of the study were used to develop a simple life-cycle costing model for gravel roads that allows engineers to improve the performance of gravel roads and to reduce whole life costs.
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Pasang, Sangey, and Petr Kubíček. "Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Statistical Methods along the Asian Highway, Bhutan." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110430.
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In areas prone to frequent landslides, the use of landslide susceptibility maps can greatly aid in the decision-making process of the socio-economic development plans of the area. Landslide susceptibility maps are generally developed using statistical methods and geographic information systems. In the present study, landslide susceptibility along road corridors was considered, since the anthropogenic impacts along a road in a mountainous country remain uniform and are mainly due to road construction. Therefore, we generated landslide susceptibility maps along 80.9 km of the Asian Highway (AH48) in Bhutan using the information value, weight of evidence, and logistic regression methods. These methods have been used independently by some researchers to produce landslide susceptibility maps, but no comparative analysis of these methods with a focus on road corridors is available. The factors contributing to landslides considered in the study are land cover, lithology, elevation, proximity to roads, drainage, and fault lines, aspect, and slope angle. The validation of the method performance was carried out by using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic on training and control samples. The area under the curve values of the control samples were 0.883, 0.882, and 0.88 for the information value, weight of evidence, and logistic regression models, respectively, which indicates that all models were capable of producing reliable landslide susceptibility maps. In addition, when overlaid on the generated landslide susceptibility maps, 89.3%, 85.6%, and 72.2% of the control landslide samples were found to be in higher-susceptibility areas for the information value, weight of evidence, and logistic regression methods, respectively. From these findings, we conclude that the information value method has a better predictive performance than the other methods used in the present study. The landslide susceptibility maps produced in the study could be useful to road engineers in planning landslide prevention and mitigation works along the highway.
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Skilodimou, Hariklia, George Bathrellos, Efterpi Koskeridou, Konstantinos Soukis, and Dimitrios Rozos. "Physical and Anthropogenic Factors Related to Landslide Activity in the Northern Peloponnese, Greece." Land 7, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030085.
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The geological, geomorphic conditions of a mountainous environment along with precipitation and human activities influence landslide occurrences. In many cases, their relation to landslide events is not well defined. The scope of the present study is to identify the influence of physical and anthropogenic factors in landslide activity. The study area is a mountainous part of the northern Peloponnesus in southern Greece. The existing landslides, lithology, slope angle, rainfall, two types of road network (highway-provincial roads and rural roads) along with land use of the study area are taken into consideration. Each physical and anthropogenic factor is further divided into sub-categories. Statistical analysis of landslide frequency and density, as well as frequency and density ratios, are applied and combined with a geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the collected data and determine the relationship between physical and anthropogenic factors and landslide activity. The results prove that Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments and flysch, relatively steep slopes (15°–30°) and a rise in the amount of rainfall increase landslide frequency and density. Additionally, Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments and flysch, as well as schist chert formations, moderate (5°–15°) and relatively steep slopes (15°–30°), along with the amount of rainfall of >700 mm are strongly associated with landslide occurrences. The frequency and magnitude of landslides increase in close proximity to roads. Their maximum values are observed within the 50 m buffer zone. This corresponds to a 100 m wide zone along with any type of road corridors, increasing landslide occurrences. In addition, a buffer zone of 75 m or 150 m wide zone along highway and provincial roads, as well as a buffer zone of 100 m or 200 m wide zones along rural roads, are strongly correlated with landslide events. The extensive cultivated land of the study area is strongly related to landslide activity. By contrast, urban areas are poorly related to landslides, because most of them are located in the northern coastal part of the study area where landslides are limited. The results provide information on physical and anthropogenic factors characterizing landslide events in the study area. The applied methodology rapidly estimates areas prone to landslides and it may be utilized for landslide hazard assessment mapping as well as for new and existing land use planning projects.
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Krupík, Pavel. "Operating Costs of Communication with Cement Concrete Cower from the Perspective of Construction 4.0." Advances in Science and Technology 108 (July 27, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.108.11.
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Roads with cement concrete covers have a long tradition in the Czech Republic. They are used mainly on highway sections of roads with higher traffic intensity. The subject of this article is a brief description of communications with cement concrete cover. Furthermore, the determination of the expected time cycles of their maintenance and costs in the time axis of life from the perspective of Construction 4.0 and facility management. The article is based on TP 92 Design of maintenance and repairs of pavements with cement concrete cover [6]. The output is an interface in an Excel spreadsheet both in the current financial statement and in graphical form, which can serve as a basis for planning future repairs, including securing financial resources.
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Chen, Katherine L., Sang Hyouk Oum, and Jill F. Cooper. "Developing a Web-Based Tool to Track Highway Safety Planning Progress in California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2635, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2635-01.
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A strategic highway safety plan (SHSP) is a comprehensive, statewide, data-driven safety plan that coordinates activities across agencies to reduce traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads. In 2015, California updated its SHSP with the input of hundreds of stakeholders. To implement a multiyear effort that involves many primary actors, the challenge is to track decisions and progress in an efficient manner as well as to have in place a state safety program that is accountable and transparent to its stakeholders. The Safe Transportation Research and Education Center at the University of California, Berkeley, developed a tracking tool for California’s updated SHSP. The steering committee and other key stakeholders involved in the SHSP implementation phase provided substantial input. The SHSP tracking tool is a user-friendly, low-cost, easily maintained resource that multiple stakeholders update. Written in PHP on a single-page website, the SHSP Tracking Tool is a mechanism that allows users to contact leaders, track progress, run reports, and review performance measures on all SHSP projects. As activities move forward, the tool will provide a primary repository of SHSP internal documents and a community forum through which to evaluate progress and advance the efforts of California’s SHSP safety stakeholders. The tool reflects federal and state transportation calls to ensure that safety efforts are data and performance driven and can be adapted for use with any state’s SHSP.
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Mokhirev, Aleskandr P., Sergey Yu Rezinkin, Sergey O. Medvedev, and Nataliya A. Bragina. "USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE EVALUATION OF THE DENSITY OF ROADS OF FORESTRY AREAS." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 3 (2020): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-3-181-191.
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In Russia, the density of forest roads is significantly lower than in countries with developed forest industries. This negatively affects the efficiency of logging and the yield of wood per unit area. There are different opinions about the normative and actual values of the density of forest roads in the forest regions of Russia. Today, it is possible to assess the density of forest roads and analyze its development using modern geographic information systems (GIS). In these studies, the density of forest roads is determined using the ArcGis software package in the two forest districts of Krasnoyarsk Territory. The roads located on the territory of the studied sections are digitized and divided by types: highway of year-round operation, branch, logging mustache. Using the tools of the software package, the lengths and densities of roads are determined by their types. The obtained values are consistent with the indicators of other researchers from different regions of Russia. The results of this task are necessary for the planning of logging production when searching for optimal routes for wood delivery, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions. Using ArcGIS tools allowed us to automate a significant number of calculations in the study and, in particular, calculate the density of roads, visualize the data obtained, and also form the basis for further research.
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Slam, Hajra, and Yasar Mahmood. "Contributory Factors of Traffic Accidents in Lahore Using Generalized Linear Models (GLM)." NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24949/njes.v12i1.506.
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The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and limitations with objectives to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. The present study aims to explore geometric design and other factors which cause of accidents in Lahore. Data is collected from TEPA (Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency), NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan), CTP (City Traffic Police) and Rescue 1122 over a period of 3 years. Two phase sampling technique has been used. Data is carried out about demographic information, physical characteristics and geometric design of roads. All registered 356 traffic accidents have been used on Ferozpur Road, Multan Road, Canal Bank Road and Grand Trunk in Lahore. Poisson regression and negative binomial regression are discussed in this research. SPSS and R Language are used for analysis. The results show that most of accidents occur at office off timing and fatal due to reckless driving and over speeding. Mostly, cars and tralala hit the bikes and Pedestrians. The Poisson regression model gives good description of number of accidents depends on various explanatory variables. Number of lanes, type of locations and roadway light are statistically significant. Narrow Shoulder width (m), Median Width (m) and Lane width (m) increase accident occurrence. Three lanes and larger road structures increase accidents. Numbers of accident increase when Roadway, type of locations, roadway light and traffic control signals decrease.
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Zheng, Fangyu, Jiuming Huang, Zhiming Feng, and Chiwei Xiao. "Impact of the Kunming–Bangkok Highway on Land Use Changes along the Route between Laos and Thailand." Land 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090991.
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Road construction fragments the landscape, reduces connectivity, and drives land use changes. To our knowledge, little is known about the scope and intensity of the effects of cross-border roads on changes in land use. Here, with the land use data products provided by the US Agency for International Development’s SERVIR Mekong project, using the GIS-based spatial analysis to quantitatively analyze and compare the effects of the cross-border road on land use changes within a 30 km buffer area along the Kunming–Bangkok Highway between Laos and Thailand. The results show the following: The greater the distance was from the highway, the smaller were the overall changes in land use within the buffer zone. A comparison of the situation before and after the road was opened in 2013 revealed significant differences in the most influential land use types of agricultural expansion, i.e., from 47.07% to 52.07% (the buffer zone was 1 km). In particular, 57.32% (1381.93 ha) and 40.08% (966.46 ha) of the land occupied by forests had been converted into land for plantation and agriculture, respectively, from 2013 to 2018. The scope of the impact of the operational route on the dynamics of land use was inconsistent. The largest impact before the road became operational was within 4 km of the buffer zone (0.26 to 0.24). Once the road had been opened, the range of its impact was beyond 10 km (0.63 to 0.57). The work here can provide a scientific basis for regional transportation planning and the sustainable use of land resources.
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Perco, Paolo. "Comparison between Powered Two-Wheeler and Passenger Car Free-Flow Speeds in Urban Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2074, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2074-10.
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Accident data indicate that motorcyclists are a particularly vulnerable group of road users because they run a higher risk of being injured or killed in an accident than passenger car drivers. One of the countermeasures that can improve traffic safety for motorcyclists is an increase in awareness and knowledge about powered two-wheelers (PTWs) in the planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of new and existing roads. Road design standards and policies that regulate design process and safety evaluations are usually based on passenger car characteristics only. In particular, the passenger car operating speed is used as the critical input for design choices of geometric elements connected with traffic safety and as a performance measure to evaluate road design and consistency. Because the passenger car operating speed might not be representative of the PTW operating speed, this study compared the PTW and passenger car speed distributions in urban areas to establish definitively whether they are similar. The results showed that PTW speeds are always considerably higher than passenger car speeds and that the corresponding operating speeds are correlated. Therefore, a prediction equation to estimate the PTW operating speed starting from passenger car operating speed was developed for urban streets. This equation can help highway engineers to estimate expected PTW speeds that can be effectively used in the safety evaluations of new and existing roads where the significant presence of PTWs in the traffic flow suggests that this vehicle type should be considered.
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Lu, Lang, Yu, and Li. "A Sustainable Multimodal Transport System: The Two-Echelon Location-Routing Problem with Consolidation in the Euro–China Expressway." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 5486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195486.
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Sustainable development of transport systems is a common topic of concern and effort in multiple countries, in which reducing carbon emissions is one of the core goals. Multimodal transport is an effective way to achieve carbon emission reduction and to efficiently utilize transport resources. The intercontinental transport system, represented by the Euro–China Expressway, is a prominent exploration that has recently received attention, which promotes the sustainable development of transport between countries and carbon emission reduction. In the intercontinental multimodal transport system, the reasonable connection of roads and railways, especially the optimization of consolidation, is an important link which affects the system's carbon emissions. This paper focuses on the consolidation of sustainable multimodal transport and summarizes the multimodal transport two-echelon location-routing problem with consolidation (MT-2E-LRP-C). We aim to solve multimodal consolidation optimization problem, especially locations of multimodal station, by routing of highway and railway. We propose a two-layer mixed integer linear problem (MILP) model, which highlights the consolidation of roads and railways, focuses on road and rail transport connections, and optimizes road routes and railway schemes. To validate the MT-2E-LRP-C model, we design a series of random instances for different quantities of nodes. In order to solve large-scale instances and realistic transport problems, we propose a hybrid differential evolution algorithm, which decomposes the problem into a railway layer and a highway layer for heuristic algorithm solving. Furthermore, the MILP model and algorithm are tested by small-scale random instances, and the hybrid differential evolution algorithm is solved for the large-scale random instances. Finally, we solve the realist instance from the Euro–China Expressway to develop instructive conclusions.
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Morozov, Anatolii, Tetiana Morozova, and Inessa Rutkovska. "The principle of ensuring ecological continuity in the areas of influence of roads." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 23 (March 25, 2021): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.23.237.
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Introduction.The main environmental risks posed by roads are population depletion (deaths on roads) and barrier effects (habitat fragmentation). Barrier effects - animals avoid crossing roads, which leads to a decrease in the size and quality of habitat, optimal population size, reduced ability to find food and partner, increased genetic structuring and local extinction (Forman et al. 2003; Andrews et al. 2015; van der Ree et al. 2015). These risks against the background of other stressors, in particular the presence of invasive species, pollution, pesticide use, climate change, plant and animal diseases, may threaten the survival of populations.This issue is especially relevant for herpetofauna due to their biological characteristics. In particular, reptiles and amphibians move slowly, are too small (for drivers to see), do not avoid roads, and in cold periods roads attract amphibians (thermoregulation) because the coating absorbs and retains heat (Case and Fisher 2001; Jochimsen et al. 2004).The principle of ensuring ecological continuity is to identify priority efforts to mitigate environmental risks for animals and reduce the negative impact of the transport complex as a spatial barrier and source of pollution by introducing a number of technical means (eco-crossings, screens, embankments, landscaping). As it is not possible to change the environmental risks on all roads and for all species at present, it is necessary to identify the most vulnerable species, assess the risks to populations and the need for mitigation based on analysis of road density and traffic intensity.Problem Statement. With the advent of land transport there was a progressive environmental problem - the transformation of landscapes, it first appeared in countries with developed road infrastructure in Western Europe and the United States, and quickly spread around the globe (Ellenberg, et al., 1981; Fetisov, 1999; Zagorodnyuk, 2006, Ilyukh, Khokhlov, 2012). Numerous publications by both foreign and domestic authors are devoted to the study of the impact of transport infrastructure. Special attention of European authors is paid to the study of the phenomenon of fragmentation of natural ecosystems. In Europe, there is a network of experts and institutions of IENE, which is studying the possibility of implementing preventive measures for landscape fragmentation, promotes the development of transport infrastructure in accordance with environmental requirements, by creating a safe, environmentally sustainable European transport infrastructure.The ecological trail of the road network significantly exceeds its length (Vozniuk, 2014). This is due to the effects of, in particular, mortality on the roads of mammals, reptiles, reptiles (Forman et al. 2003), landscape fragmentation (roads divide the area into isolated areas, with low populations (sometimes below the minimum), so such populations lose genetic diversity and may become extinct locally), the loss of habitats of species and a decrease in the level of connectivity. In addition to these obvious effects, noise and vibration pollution are added, which inhibit the ability of reptiles, birds and mammals to detect prey or avoid predators (Forman et al. 2003), disturbed light regime (Rich and Longcore 2006). Roads contribute to the development of soil erosion processes, the spread of invasive and introduced species (300-800 seeds/m2 per year are transported to roadside ecotones by vehicles (Von der Lippe and Kowarik 2007), which contributes to the formation of local pseudo-populations), create obstacles and sources. (Forman et al. 2003).Purpose. Substantiation of the principle of ecological continuity regarding the negative impact of transport infrastructure on natural ecosystems and search for possible ways to minimize and prevent such impact.Materials and methods. The main research methods are the application of theoretical general scientific approaches to study: analysis and synthesis of international and domestic scientific and theoretical works, EU documentation (charters, design requirements), Ukrainian legal framework, literature sources; collection and analysis of statistical data to identify the dangers of the impact of road infrastructure on biodiversity and determine the value of the natural landscape.Results. The result is an analysis of the scientific literature on the negative impact of transport infrastructure on animals, systematization of the main impacts for the preparation of methodological documents for organizations planning and designing transport infrastructure in Ukraine to reduce the negative impact.Conclusions. The principle of ensuring ecological continuity is to minimize the negative consequences for the environment. In particular, by leveling the spatial barrier of the public highway. When laying a road through natural ecosystems, it is necessary to build transitions and passages for animals. In this case, their density and type must correspond to the natural rank of the territory. The construction of crossings for animals should be mandatory for all types of roads that cross ecological corridors. This is especially true for smaller roads, completely devoid of any transitions for animals, noise shields (on such roads are more likely to hit animals). An important point is the need to plan preventive methods at the planning stage of road construction. The analysis of the European experience shows that the negative impact of transport infrastructure on biota can be solved by consolidating the efforts of road transport specialists and specialists in the field of nature protection.Keywords:motor road,wildlife crossing, biodiversity, road infrastructure, ecological continuity
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Stoffers, Manuel, Blake Morris, Alan Meyer, Younes Saramifar, Andrew Cobbing, Martin Emanuel, Rudi Volti, Caitlin Starr Cohn, Caitríona Leahy, and Sunny Stalter-Pace. "Book Reviews." Transfers 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2017.070113.
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Bruce D. Epperson, Bicycles in American Highway Planning: The Critical Years of Policy-Making 1969–1991 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2014), 248 pp., $45Carlton Reid, Roads Were Not Built for Cars: How Cyclists Were the First to Push for Good Roads & Became the Pioneers of Motoring (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2015), 360 pp., $30Karen O’Rourke, Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers (London: MIT Press, 2016), 328 pp., £22.95Jason Weems, Barnstorming the Prairies: How Aerial Vision Shaped the Midwest (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015), 368 pp., 116 b&w photos, 16 color plates, $122.50 (hardback), $35 (paperback)Christopher Schaberg and Mark Yakich, eds., Airplane Reading (Alresford, UK: Zero Books, 2016), 213 pp., $22.95 (paperback)Catherine L. Phipps, Empires on the Waterfront: Japan’s Ports and Power, 1858–1899 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 308 pp., 6 maps, 3 tables, $39.95James Longhurst, Bike Battles: A History of Sharing the American Road (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015), 294 pp., $34.95David N. Lucsko, Junkyards, Gearheads, and Rust: Salvaging the Automotive Past (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016), 283 + xii pp., 10 illustrations, $44.95Steven E. Alford and Suzanne Ferris, An Alternative History of Bicycles and Motorcycles: Two-Wheeled Transportation and Material Culture (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016), 189 pp., $80Harald Fischer-Tiné, Pidgin-Knowledge: Wissen und Kolonialismus (Zurich and Berlin: Diaphanes, 2013), 104 pp., €10Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad (New York: Doubleday, 2016), 320 pp., $26.95
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Bang, Karl-L., Gunnar Lindberg, and Gandhi Harahap. "Development of Guidelines Based on Life-Cycle Cost To Replace Level-of-Service Concept in Capacity Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1572, no. 1 (January 1997): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1572-02.
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Highway capacity manuals (HCMs) from developed countries cannot be successfully applied in Indonesia because of significant differences in driver behavior, traffic composition, and level of roadside activities. The Indonesian HCM project (IHCM) was therefore started in 1991 and has resulted in a manual and software for urban traffic facilities, inter-urban roads, and motorways. The IHCM also includes traffic engineering guidelines for selection of appropriate road and intersection type and design for new construction or improvements based on life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis. The LCC model includes all relevant road-user costs (those for vehicle operations, time, accidents, and emissions) and road-producer costs (those for land acquisition, road construction, and road maintenance and operation). The LCC results identify the design alternative that has the lowest total cost and thus is the most economical for any given traffic flow. The IHCM guidelines also include traffic-performance graphs for standard road types and intersections as a function of traffic flow as well as information about accident rates and the impact of geometric design changes on safety. The guidelines assist the user with preliminary selection of the design before starting the detailed analysis. They can also be used on their own as a shortcut for planning purposes and therefore serve as a replacement for the level-of-service concept applied in the U.S. HCM.
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Satria, Romi, Ka Ho Tsoi, Maria Castro, and Becky P. Y. Loo. "A Combined Approach to Address Road Traffic Crashes beyond Cities: Hot Zone Identification and Countermeasures in Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051801.
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Addressing fatalities on road is a major concern in most countries in the world. South-East Asian countries are no exception. In Indonesia, three persons die on road every hour. Understanding where and how road traffic crashes happen is imperative before the most efficient countermeasures can be devised and implemented. In this paper, three tools—hot spots, hot zones and hot clusters—are used to identify sections of two main highways in the Province of Aceh that require most urgent action. Many countermeasures have been developed to address the problem of black sites (hot spots). Examples of implementation often come from Australia, Europe or North America. Less research exists on countermeasures in hot zones, even less so in the Global South (less developed countries from Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America). This research applies quantitative spatial analysis that builds on existing works using the hot zone methodology and goes a step further by suggesting relevant countermeasures. More precisely, by taking into consideration the global urban-rural divide, this paper attempts to identify the most dangerous highway sections, in Indonesia, and to suggest appropriate hot zone countermeasures based on the characteristics of these hot zones. The results showed that urban highways, when compared to rural highways, were characterized by higher crash rates and a larger number of hot zones. Formulating hot zone countermeasures in urban environments should therefore consider their associated dangerousness and environmental features. Proposed countermeasures in urban roads include a stricter monitoring of the use of helmet, seat belt and cellphone, and the development of periodic communication and awareness campaigns.
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Hreinsdóttir, Erna Bára, Sigríður Kristjánsdóttir, and Haraldur Sigþórsson. "Ferðavenjur grunnskólabarna á landsbyggðinni: Hefur þjóðvegurinn áhrif?" Icelandic Journal of Engineering 23 (April 27, 2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ije.23.1.
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Over the last decades the car has become an increasingly bigger part of our lives. Sometimes Icelanders say that they use the private car instead of a coat. In modern planning some of the main goals are sustainability and public health. By using other means of travel than the private car, pollution will decrease and the need to rebuild traffic infrastructure is less likely. Active lifestyle also contributes to health. The government as well as many local authorities motivate citizens for a healthier lifestyle, for example by encouraging them to use an active mode of travel, such as walking or cycling. This should result in improved wellbeing and the costs of health care should be reduced. To implement active travel the focus is on children and how they get to school. In Reykjavík the public schools are often situated in the middle of the neighbourhood so children do not need to cross roads with heavy traffic on their way to school. Furthermore, children in Reykjavík usually do not have to travel over 800m for school. A study shows that 84% of school children in Reykjavík walk or cycle to school. But how is the situation in smaller towns in other parts of Iceland? A study was done in six towns in Iceland. Based on residence within 800m from school, it turns out that the ratio in towns in rural areas is significantly lower than in Reykjavík, or 66%. The circumstances in the towns are different from those in Reykjavík because of the highway crossing the residential areas. By law, any authorized vehicles is to be able to be driven through the highway. Therefore there is often heavy traffic on the highways. The rate of active transport for the children who do not need to cross the road on their way to school is 77%, which is pretty close to the percentage in Reykjavík. Active mode of travelling by children that have to cross the road on their way to school is significantly lower; or 40%. The conclusion is that the location of the school and the highway affects the way children travel to school. These results are useful tools for municipalities preparing spatial plans
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Xu, Jinliang, Yaping Dong, and Menghua Yan. "A Model for Estimating Passenger-Car Carbon Emissions that Accounts for Uphill, Downhill and Flat Roads." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052028.
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The geometric longitudinal slope line of a given road significantly effects the carbon emissions of vehicles traversing it. This study was conducted to explore the carbon emission rules of passenger cars on various highway slopes. The law of conservation of mechanical energy, the first law of thermodynamics and the vehicle longitudinal dynamics theory were utilized to determine the influence of slope design indicators on fuel consumption. The energy conversion, fuel consumption, and carbon emission models of passenger cars on a flat straight road, uphill road, and downhill road sections were derived accordingly. Two types of passenger cars were selected for analysis. A field test was carried out to verify the proposed model where the vehicle maintained a cruise speed on flat straight road, uphill road and downhill road with equal gradient and mileage, and continuous longitudinal slope to gather fuel consumption data. The proposed model showed strong accuracy and a maximum error of 9.97%. The main factor affecting the vehicle’s carbon emissions on the continuous longitudinal slope was found to be the average gradient. For a round-trip longitudinal slope with a small gradient, the main factor affecting the vehicle’s carbon emissions is speed: higher speed results in higher carbon emissions. The results of this study are likely to provide the data for support and a workable reference for the low-carbon highway design and operation.
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Kasmuri, Norhafezah, Nadirah Nazar, and Abdullah Zawawi Mohd Yazid. "Human and Animals Conflicts: A case study of wildlife roadkill in Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, no. 13 (March 24, 2020): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2093.
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Conflicts between humans and animals have been a challenge due to rapid urbanization. Most of the forest is cleared to build roads and highway. Thus, animals need to migrate or move for their survival. This paper aims to review wildlife roadkill data from PERHILITAN and arranged it under several groups of species. Here, quantitative analysis of the roadkill data is used to select one species as the primary subject (Malayan Tapir). It has been observed that Malayan Tapir has involved in 68 vehicle collisions with a total loss of RM6.8 million in 5 years. From these results, long-term mitigation measures have been addressed in this study.Keywords: human; road construction; wildlife roadkill; mitigationeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2093
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Fareed, Nadeem, and Chi-Kuei Wang. "Accuracy Comparison on Culvert-Modified Digital Elevation Models of DSMA and BA Methods Using ALS Point Clouds." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040254.
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High-resolution digital elevation models (HR-DEMs) originating from airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds must be transformed into Culvert-modified DEMs for hydrological and geomorphological analysis. To produce a culvert-modified DEM, information on the locations of drainage structures (DSs) (e.g., bridges and culverts) is essential. Nevertheless, DS mapping techniques, whether in connection with the development of new methods or an application setting of existing methods, have always been complicated. Consequently, wide area DS data are rare, making it challenging to produce a culvert-modified DEM in a wide area capacity. Alternatively, the breach algorithm (BA) method is a standard procedure to obtain culvert-modified DEMs in the absence of DS data, solving the problem to some extent. This paper addresses this shortcoming using a newly developed drainage structure mapping algorithm (DSMA) for obtaining a culvert-modified DEM for an area of 36 km2 in Vermont, USA. Benchmark DS data are used as a standard reference to assess the performance of the DSMA method compared to the BA method. A consistent methodological framework is formulated to obtain a culvert-modified DEM using DS data, mapped using the DSMA and resultant culvert-modified DEM is then compared with BA method respectively. The DSs found from the culvert-modified DEMs were reported as true positive (TP), false positive (FP), and false negative (FN). Based on TP, FP, and FN originating from the culvert-modified DEMs of both methods, the evaluation metrics of the false positive rate (FPR) (i.e., the commission error) and false negative rate (FNR) (i.e., the omission error) were computed. Our evaluation showed that the newly developed DSMA-based DS data resulted in an FPR of 0.05 with federal highway authorities (FHWA) roads and 0.12 with non-FHWA roads. The FNR with FHWA roads was 0.07, and with non-FHWA roads, it was 0.38. The BA method showed an FPR of 0.28 with FHWA roads and 0.62 with non-FHWA roads. Similarly, the FNR for the BA method was 0.32 with FHWA roads and 0.61 with non-FHWA roads. The statistics based on the FPR and FNR showed that the DSMA-based culvert-modified DEM was more accurate compared with the BA method, and the formulated framework for producing culvert-modified DEMs using DSMA-based DS data was robust.
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Dong, Yaping, Jinliang Xu, Menghui Li, Xingli Jia, and Chao Sun. "Association of Carbon Emissions and Circular Curve in Northwestern China." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041156.
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Carbon emissions, produced by automobile fuel consumption, are termed as the key reason leading to global warming. The highway circular curve constitutes a major factor impacting vehicle carbon emissions. It is deemed quite essential to investigate the association existing between circular curve and carbon emissions. On the basis of the IPCC carbon emission conversion methodology, the current research work put forward a carbon emission conversion methodology suitable for China’s diesel status. There are 99 groups’ test data of diesel trucks during the trip, which were attained on 23 circular curves in northwestern China. The test road type was key arterial roads having a design speed greater than or equal to 60 km/h, besides having no roundabouts and crossings. Carbon emission data were generated with the use of carbon emission conversion methodologies and fuel consumption data from field tests. As the results suggested, carbon emissions decline with the increase in the radius of circular curve. A carbon emission quantitative model was established with the radius and length of circular curve, coupled with the initial velocity as the key impacting factors. In comparison with carbon emissions under circular curve section and flat section scenarios, the minimum curve radius impacting carbon emissions is 500 m. This research work provided herein a tool for the quantification of carbon emissions and a reference for a low-carbon highway design.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "ANALISA KINERJA PERSIMPANGAN BERSINYAL PADA PERSIMPANGAN ANGKATAN 66 DAN RUAS JALAN R. SOEKAMTO KOTA PALEMBANG." Forum Mekanika 6, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/forummekanika.v6i2.116.
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Transportation is a very important and strategic means to facilitate the movement in an effort to meet the needs of the community. Planning and construction of transportation facilities and infrastructure, greatly influence in determining the increase of economic growth in supporting the achievement of development targets. The real impact that occurs as a result of rapid economic growth, population growth, and changes in land use affects the performance of intersections and roads, especially the problem of congestion, delays, queues opportunities and other issues. Based on the result of calculation analysis which have been done by using Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual method (IHCM), capacity of intersection of Angkatan 66 Palembang on the condition of the morning peak was 3007 smp / hour at peak lunch was 2875 smp / hour and the afternoon peak is 2997 smp / hour. The high movement of vehicular traffic flow at the intersection of Angkatan 66 and the road R. Soekamto indicates that the level of service is not sufficient to meet traffic needs, this can be seen from the Lower level of service or performance (Level of Service / LOS) at the intersection Angkatan 66 and the road R. Soekamto C (0,7908) and D (0,889) are at the level where the current begins unstable operation speed relatively quick decline due to the obstacles that arise. So to overcome the problem of alternative road widening or construction of fly over (fly over) and traffic management in the form of traffic engineering management has to be implemented.
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Moreno-Navarro, Fernando, Francisco Javier Sierra, Miguel Sol-Sánchez, M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez, Manuel Castillo, and Eugenio Estévez. "High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 8765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218765.
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This paper summarizes the work carried out in a research project whose main objective was to develop high-performance sustainable bituminous materials (using crumb rubber and additives to reduce their manufacturing temperature) to be used in roads that support high traffic volumes and/or severe environmental conditions. For this purpose, various studies were conducted both in a laboratory and in a real asphalt plant (at binder and mixture level). Later, these materials were used to construct a trial section in a highway at a mountain pass (at more than 1400 m above sea level) supporting more than 2600 heavy vehicles each day under severe environmental conditions (snow during winter, and high temperatures and many hours of solar radiation during the summer). The results indicate the viability of using these materials, since they provide a number of advantages such as improved workability at lower temperatures and an increase in the mechanical resistance against the main sources of distress that affect asphalt pavements.
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Rosasco, Paolo, and Leopoldo Sdino. "Infrastructures and Sustainability: An Estimation Model for a New Highway Near Genoa." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 5051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125051.
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The economic development of a territory is strongly correlated to its level of infrastructure (railway, roads, etc.); the complexity of this type of works requires careful planning and design that cannot be separated from the assessment of the impacts generated on citizenship affected by the new infrastructures. This study deals with the instrument defined by the Liguria Region for the implementation of infrastructures through the instruments called “Programmi Regionali di Intervento Strategico—P.R.I.S.” (Regional Strategic Intervention Programs) established by the Regional Law n. 39/2007. The aim of the P.R.I.S. is to guarantee the social protection of citizens that reside (as owners or tenants) or carry out economic activities in real estate units incompatible with the construction of the infrastructure, according to the main Italian law (Presidential Decree n. 327/2001) about the expropriation of private real estate for the construction of public works. In particular, the construction of a new link of the A7-A10-A12 motorway sections near the city of Genoa (called “Gronda”) is considered. The new infrastructure involves the expropriation of about 100 residential units and the relocation of about 50 production activities; the related P.R.I.S. defines the conditions that allow social cohesion through the recognition of indemnities for the expropriation of the real estate properties and the compensation of other expenses that the residents have to pay for their relocation. The valuation of the indemnities is developed through a multi-parameter model applicable for the estimation of real estate units (residential and productive) at a large-scale (mass appraisal); it is derived from the Market Comparison Approach and considers the most meaningful real estate characteristics. The aim is to develop a mass appraisal estimation model applicable in an easy way on real estate units with different destinations use. The model can be applied for the estimation of ordinary and special indemnities to be recognized for owners and tenants affected by the expropriation of their real estate units for the construction of public projects.
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Magaš, Damir. "Izazovi suvremenoga kopnenog povezivanja Dubrovnika." Geoadria 19, no. 1 (January 6, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.38.
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As an important geographical and geo-traffic centre of Adriatic Croatia, Dubrovnik is one of the most famous modern tourist, cultural and heritage centres in the Mediterranean and in the World. Dubrovnik-Neretva County attracts around one million relatively high-paying tourists from all over the world a year, who realise about five million overnights (about 7% of the Croatian tourist traffic). The geo-traffic location, the territorial separation by the ''Neum corridor'' from other parts of Croatia, the suspension of the railway connection in 1976, as much as a relatively large distance from regional centres, resulted in a situation where for the most part the modern transport links with Dubrovnik are carried out by air and by sea (regular lines, cruisers, etc.). Inland roads connect mainly with other parts of Croatia but to a significantly lower degree with the neighbouring countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. The growing needs of a modern road linkage require new and better solutions in relation to the current connections by the old Adriatic tourist road. This refers primarily to an increase in mobility and speed of travel, and to the avoidance of border crossings, but also to solving the transport connections between the Pelješac peninsula and the island of Korčula (indirectly the island of Mljet and Lastovo too). In this regard, the already initiated construction of the bridge Klek–Pelješac has recently appeared to be an appropriate and high quality realisation of a modern road (a highway or a fast road) connecting Dubrovnik with the European space in the West and North, as well as with other parts of Croatia.
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Zimmer, Richard A., Bouzid Choubane, and Charles R. Holzschuher. "Friction Testing Method for Open-Grated Steel Bridge Decks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1860, no. 1 (January 2003): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1860-15.
Full textAbstract:
For more than four decades, most of the testing methods and studies for the determination or quantification of friction and texture properties have been concerned primarily with concrete and asphalt paved roadways. However, since the focus of such methods has been mainly on paved roads, other traveled surface types, although part of roadway systems, have been overlooked or simply not addressed directly. As travel safety and efficiency are gaining importance to state agencies, it is imperative to include the atypical travel surfaces, such as bridges with open-grated steel decks, in an appropriate measurement program. To this end, the current study was initiated to identify an appropriate method for measuring the friction characteristics on steel bridge decks. An appropriate standardized test method would provide information that can be effectively used in state road safety and management programs. This method would also provide a tool to ensure that all travel surfaces are constructed and maintained with appropriate friction properties. All the results obtained during this investigation indicated that ASTM E-274 can be appropriately used to assess friction characteristics on both paved surfaces and open-grated steel bridge decks. Such information is critical to support informed highway planning and policy and decision making. In addition, the study findings can be used as a basis to revise the current ASTM standard to include open-grated steel bridge decks.
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Shao, Yang, Zhongbin Luo, Huan Wu, Xueyan Han, Binghong Pan, Shangru Liu, and Christian G. Claudel. "Evaluation of Two Improved Schemes at Non-Aligned Intersections Affected by a Work Zone with an Entropy Method." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145494.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of work zones on traffic is a common problem encountered in traffic management. The reconstruction of roads is inevitable, and it is necessary and urgent to reduce the impact of the work zone on the operation of traffic. There are many existing research results on the influence of highway work zones, including management strategies, traffic flow control strategies, and various corresponding model theories. There are also many research results on the impacts of urban road and subway construction on traffic operation, including construction efficiency, economic impact, and travel matrix. However, there are few studies concerning the choice of work zone location, and most previous studies have assumed that the work zone choice was scientific and reasonable. Therefore, it is reasonable to choose the location of the work zone and to assess whether there is room for improvement in the road form of the work zone, but this remains a research gap. Therefore, we studied a seven-lane main road T-intersection in Xi’an, China, and investigated a work zone located at this intersection that caused a road offset, leading to the non-aligned flow of main traffic. We designed two road improvement schemes and multiple transition schemes, used VISSIM software to evaluate the traffic operation of the two schemes, and used the entropy method to choose the suitability of the two schemes under different conditions. According to the results, in the best case, the driving time, delay, and number of stops are reduced by 44%, 66%, and 92%.
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Patrakeeva, Olga. "Transport System of the Rostov Agglomeration: Infrastructural Limitations and Directions of Development." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 3 (October 2019): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.3.14.
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The sustainable development of regions implies unity and the inclusion of social, economical and spatial subsystems which are supported by means of advanced land use planning and encouraging agglomeration processes as well as developing transport infrastructure. The article describes the results of analyzing the current situation of the transport system in the Rostov agglomeration, its growth prospects by means of implementing major infrastructural projects which are the most important tool for accelerated development and increasing the inflow of investments into the regional economy. Such projects include “Aeropolis” which is being implemented within the territory of Grushevsky settlement adjacent to the Platov airport complex, creating the system of high-speed railway lines “Donskoy express”, “Rostov ring road” project aimed at developing a belt highway encircling Rostov-on-Don. Additionally, it is noted that today one of the key problems of the Rostov agglomeration is a high load of principal transport routes which connect the agglomeration with the regional neighboring suburban areas as well as with the traffic system of Rostov-on-Don. The results of the economic analysis show that the construction of motor ways, carriageway extension, improvement of junctions and crossroads do not encourage economic growth and more likely aggravate the problem of transport network overload. In order to reduce traffic load on roads it is essential to pursue a coordinated city-planning and transport policy intended to enhance the quality of performance of public vehicles, reduce the use of passenger cars. One of the solutions of the transport network load problem in the agglomeration can be the formation of a polycentric agglomeration model which would allow reducing traffic load on the metropolitan city.
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Dahal, Kedar, and Krishna Prasad Timalsina. "Dimensions of land use change and implications in spatial planning of emerging town Bedkot municipality, Kanchanpur district, Nepal." Geographical Journal of Nepal 13 (March 19, 2020): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v13i0.28158.
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Rapid transformation of rural settlements into municipalities in Nepal has brought significant changes in land use and urban expansion patterns mostly through the conversion of agriculture land into the built up area. The issue is studied taking a case of rapidly growing Tarai town of Bedkot Municipality of Kanchanpur District. This study is based on field interaction, observation, and available data review. After the declaration of Bedkot as a municipality, several new roads have been opened and upgraded; and the municipality is well connected to the national transportation network. After promulgated the Constitution of Nepal, 2015 and activated the elected local body, the municipality budget has been increased significantly as a result of increasing municipal investment on socio-economic and physical infrastructure development and environmental protection which have attracted people, goods and services creating it as the zone of influence of the surroundings. Rapid spatial changes have been observed with inflow of population in the municipality. One of the changes found is the increasing built-up area by 3.6 percent and expansion of urban area through decreasing the agriculture land by 3.5 percent. Urban growth has been observed taking place along the highway corridor clustering at nodal junctions and some other potential locations. Implications of such spatial dimensions have been core issue of urban development planning in most of the newly declared municipalities in Nepal.
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Zhao, Yunpeng, Dimitrios Goulias, and Dominique Peterson. "Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials in Transport Pavement Infrastructure: Sustainability Analysis & Metrics." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148071.
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Transportation infrastructure is one of the largest consumers of natural materials. To improve the environmental quality and sustainable development of transportation infrastructure, it is important to implement sustainable strategies in pavement construction and rehabilitation. The use of recycled materials is a key element in generating sustainable pavement designs to save natural resources, reduce energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for assessing the environmental and economic life-cycle benefits when using recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in highway projects. Previous studies on life cycle analysis (LCA) using RAP focused on the economics and/or environmental impacts during the material production process. Thus, there is a need to consider sustainability analysis at all stages of construction and rehabilitation during the performance period of pavement structures. This study addresses this need with the proposed methodology. The suggested approach could be potentially implemented in a pavement management system (PMS) so as to introduce sustainability principles in optimizing alternative rehabilitation strategies. The methodology includes various steps for the analysis, starting with condition assessment of the existing highway, identifying alternative structural pavement designs, predicting service life, setting up alternative rehabilitation strategies, and conducting life cycle environmental and economic analysis. To demonstrate the value of the methodology, a comparative parametric study was conducted on two real case study projects representing actual field conditions for primary roads in Maryland. These case studies were used in order to quantify the economic savings and environmental benefits of using different levels of RAP in highway rehabilitation. The results of the analysis indicate that incorporating RAP in pavement rehabilitation can contribute substantially to cost savings and environmental impact reduction (e.g., greenhouse gas emission, energy, water, and hazardous waste). The benefits illustrated in this study are expected to encourage wide adoption of the proposed methodology and the use of recycled materials in highway construction and rehabilitation. The methodology is transferable where similar materials and highway construction techniques are used.
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Putra, Jayadi, and Anissa Noor Tajudin. "DESAIN ULANG DAN ANALISIS RESPONS STRUKTURAL PERKERASAN LENTUR PADA JALAN PANTURA RUAS TANGERANG-SERANG." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v0i0.10496.
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The highway is a land lanes on the surface of the earth which is made by humans with various sizes, shapes and types of construction so that they can be used to transport the traffic of people, animals, objects and vehicles that transport goods from one place to another practically and fast. Roads that are continuously used can cause damage. Therefore, roads require maintenance per unit time of year. Pantura is the main road on the island of Java which is better known as the National road I, this road network is parallel to the coastline of the island. Then, this route connects national activities between centers. The purpose of this study is to redesign flexible pavement through three methods, namely the 2002, 2013, and 2017 methods, to analyze the structural response of the pavement, and to analyze the damage that occurs on the pavement. In planning the pavement thickness, an effective and efficient method is needed in order to obtain an economical result. Comparison of calculations for the three methods is used. The structural responses reviewed are vertical strain and horizontal strain which can analyze fatigue damage and rutting damage on flexible pavements. The KENPAVE program also assists in the calculation of flexible pavement design and other parameters.ABSTRAKJalan raya merupakan jalur - jalur tanah di atas permukaan bumi yang dibuat oleh manusia dengan macam-macam ukuran, bentuk dan jenis konstruksinya sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menyalurkan lalu lintas orang, hewan, benda dan kendaraan yang mengangkut barang dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya dengan praktis dan cepat. Jalan yang terus menerus dipakai dapat menyebabkan kerusakan oleh sebab itu, jalan memerlukan pemeliharaan setiap per satuan waktu dalam tahun. Pantura merupakan jalan utama di Pulau Jawa yang lebih dikenal dengan jalan Nasional I, jaringan jalan ini sejajar dengan garis pantai pulau lokasi tersebut. Kemudian, jalur ini menghubungkan kegiatan nasional antarpusat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendesain ulang perkerasan lentur melalui ketiga metode yaitu metode 2002, 2013, dan 2017, menganalisis respons struktural perkerasan, dan menganalisis kerusakan yang terjadi pada perkerasan. Dalam merencanakan tebal perkerasan jalan diperlukan metode yang efektif dan efisien agar diperoleh hasil yang ekonomis, digunakan perbandingan perhitungan pada ketiga metode tersebut. Respons struktural yang ditinjau adalah regangan vertikal dan regangan horizontal yang dapat menganalisis kerusakan fatik dan kerusakan rutting pada perkerasan lentur. Program KENPAVE juga membantu dalam perhitungan desain perkerasan lentur dan parameter lainnya.
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Felizardo Batista, Ellen, Larissa De Brum Passini, and Alessander Christopher Morales Kormann. "Methodologies of Economic Measurement and Vulnerability Assessment for Application in Landslide Risk Analysis in a Highway Domain Strip: A Case Study in the Serra Pelada Region (Brazil)." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216130.
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Landslides are one of the main causes of death caused by disasters in the world. In this study, methodologies to measure landslide costs and to assess vulnerability are presented, with the objective of applying them to landslide risk analyses. The methodologies were applied in a region of Serra do Mar, which is crossed by a highway. The analyses and mappings were implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Through the application of the methodology that considers both direct and indirect costs in the composition of total cost, it was established how much an m2 of a landslide would cost. The composition of direct costs encompassed the damages related to restoration or construction of the highways, infrastructures, unpaved roads, residential and commercial buildings, vegetal cover and agricultural areas. In indirect costs, the economic losses by victims, highway interdiction, and agricultural area profitability were calculated. In the methodology for vulnerability assessment, bodily injuries, structural damages, and functional disturbances resulted from landslides were analyzed. The risk assessment was performed through the junction of the maps of total cost, vulnerability and susceptibility. The results indicate that indirect costs were predominant in cost composition, corresponding to 87% of total costs, in comparison to 13% of the direct costs, stressing the importance of considering indirect costs in economic measurement studies. As a result, it is possible to conclude that studying landslide consequences as economic parameters supports the increasing need of performing risk quantitative analyses. It is also prudent to add that these studies help decision makers in projects of disaster risk mitigation strategies, by allowing the identification of regions with greater economic impacts in case of landslide occurrence.
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Bodnar, Larysa, Serhii Stepanov, Serhii Zavhorodniy, and Vitalii Yastrubinetskyi. "Repair programs development taking into account the presence of high-risk defects on bridges." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 23 (March 25, 2021): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.23.158.
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Introduction. In recent years in Ukraine, the weight and traffic volume of vehicles on the roads have increased significantly. Most of the bridges that are operating on these roads were built according to norms, the design loadings of which are not corresponding to the modern loadings on transport facilities.Problem Statement. The issue of bridges operation with defects of the structure in the condition of limited funding of the road industry become particularly relevant at the present stage, as the age of bridges is constantly increasing, and the resource of their elements is being expiring.Due to limited funding, the economic and time components of the designed models have a significant impact on the quality of performed calculations and the determination of the optimal strategy for performing of repairing work in specified conditions. The choice of planned works is determined during repairing plans development, both for evaluation of the current state of bridges and for determination of predicted bridge repairing terms.Purpose. the purpose of the work is the development of further optimization of the mode of repairs plan development to eliminate existing defects of bridges.Materials and methods. During the determination of repairs cost in the Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM), the average norms of the work volume were used. This method was limited by the fact that cost calculations were constant and did not consider actual defects of the bridges. The experience of the constructed bridges operation over 40–50 years revealed a significant number of various defects of structure, mainly of spans and piers. The causes of defects are long-term operation without proper maintenance, as well as a number of shortcomings during the design and construction of bridges. In order to further mode optimization of repair plans development, the existing defects on the bridges were studied from the point of view of their impact on the further destruction of certain elements of the bridge, or the facility as a whole, on the acceleration of this process. Such defects have been identified as high risk defects.Results. Scientists of «DerzhdorNDI» SE have developed and applied the technique of repair cost determination by formation of works complex to eliminate existing defects at the inspected facilities. A module for bridge repair planning has been developed considering the need for priority elimination of high risk defects.Conclusions. The technique of repairs cost determination was developed, as well as the module for bridge repair planning considering the need for priority elimination of high risk defects.Keywords: highway bridge, Analytical Expert Bridge Management System (AESUM), repairs cost determination, defect on bridges.