Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Higiene y salud personal'
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Waschgler, Kathrin. "Estrés laboral : hostilidad percibida en el personal sanitario y variables psicosociales relacionadas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/313228.
Full textEl objetivo del presente estudio es el desarrollo y la evaluación psicométrica de dos instrumentos específicos que permiten la evaluación del fenómeno de la hostilidad (workplace bullying y violencia) percibida en personal sanitario, utilizando para ello una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa rigurosa. En primer lugar se estudia el workplace bullying y la violencia en personal sanitario desde una perspectiva cualitativa, elaborando y validando semánticamente un banco de items pertenecientes a los tres focos de hostilidad: superiores, compañeros y usuarios, como primera fase del desarrollo de dos instrumentos de evaluación específicos. La segunda fase cuantitativa del estudio, trata del desarrollo y de la evaluación psicométrica del instrumento HABS-U (Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale- Users) el cuál permite evaluar las conductas violentas hacia el personal sanitario por parte de los usuarios, como son los pacientes y familiares. Formando parte de la fase cuantitativa del estudio, diferenciando entre los actores de este fenómeno, este compendio finaliza con el desarrollo y la evaluacion psicométrica de una escala de evaluación del workplace bullying por parte de los compañeros y superiores (HABS-CS, Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale - version Co-workers-Superiors). Es de destacar el elevado tamaño muestral de 1,484 sanitarios de todos los hospitales públicos de la Region de Murcia y la elevada tasa de respuesta (81,36%). Los instrumentos resultantes de 10 y 17 ítems, muestran adecuadas propiedades psicométricas pudiendo ser útiles en el ámbito de la prevención de riesgos psicosociales para indicar el tipo de intervención necesaria y también para valorar posteriormente la eficacia de programas de intervención. Aunque con este estudio se culmina en cierta medida el trabajo de investigación desarrollado, quedan abiertas varias perspectivas para el desarrollo de futuras líneas de investigación en este ámbito.
Work and stress: Workplace bullying and violence in nursing and the relationship with psychosocial factors Abstract Healthcare staff is one of the professional groups that suffers the highest exposure to sources of occupational stress such as workplace bullying from co-workers and superiors and violence from service- users. Aim: In order to contribute to the assessment of aggressive behaviours in the healthcare sector and to obtain brief and manageable instruments for the assessment of this psychosocial risk, we developed the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale - version Co-workers-Superiors (HABS-CS) and the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale – Users (HABS-U). Methods: Using qualitative and quantitative methodology, an instrument was applied to a sample of 1,489 nurses from 11 public hospitals of a south-eastern region of Spain (Murcia). Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 10-item instrument (HABS-U) about service user violence distributed in two factors (non-physical violence and physical violence), which was validated by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Regarding the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale - version Co-workers-Superiors (HABS-CS), the analyses concluded with the selection of 17 items. The internal 5-factor structure is the result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in two samples. The resulting questionnaires and the factors identified present adequate psychometric properties: high internal consistency and adequate external validity, analyzed by means of significant correlations between the HABS-CS, the HABS-U and psychosocial factors. Conclusion: The systematic use of both scales within the prevention of occupational hazards can be useful for the early detection of workplace bullying and violence from the organizational viewpoint, identifying the services at risk, and at the individual level, detecting conflicts among co-workers and superiors, where possible victims of workplace bullying could be identified. Another possible application of the instrument is its use as an indicator of the risk of psychological alterations due to exposure to violent behaviours at the workplace.
Luna, Ruiz-Cabello Aurelio. "La alfabetización en salud de la población española : variables relacionadas según los resultados del proyecto europeo de alfabetización en salud." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/309753.
Full textHealth literacy is a relatively new concept that is gaining importance within the field of health. The World Health Organization defined it in 1998 in his Glossary of health promotion as "the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to be able to understand and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health ". Although in its beginnings health literacy was studied primarily in the patient environment, limiting the field of healthcare, today is a crucial concept in public health covering the field of disease prevention and health promotion, referring therefore to the general public and not only a population with a particular disease. The European Consortium of Health Literacy has developed a tool (HLS -EU-Q) to measure and analyze health literacy of the european populatio , being tested in eight european countries. 2. OBJETIVES The aim of this work is to describe the results of the European survey of Health Literacy (HLS-EU) of the Spanish population, and check by statistical analysis, which sociodemographic variables are significantly related to the degree of health literacy, identifying those that describe the profile of the population at risk for inadequate or poor literacy. 3. METODOLOGY We tried to show the complexity of the concept of health literacy by the diversity of frameworks and tools available, and has been submitted to the European project of health literacy as an attempt to give a comprehensive view through a theoretical framework that attempts cover and integrate the different perspectives and the design of a measuring tool consensus among several teams of researchers from different European countries. For data analysis we used SPSS version 15.0 for Windows. Descriptive analysis was performed: quantitative variables were described by mean and standard deviation, and the qualitative variables were described by distribution of absolute and relative frequencies. To verify which variables have a significant relationship with general health literacy, we developed a Health literacy Index from the results of the survey. An analysis of variance of the index with the different variables was performed, considering they obtained significant at p <0.05. With the variables obtained a multiple comparisons were performed to determine which groups of variables have significant differences. 4. RESULTS In the Spanish population the factors that are significantly related to variations in the rate of health literacy are age, to have children, education level, self-perceived social, level of household income, health self-assessment, to have a chronic disease, the number of doctor visits in the last year, and the frecuency of doing physical exercise. Of all the variables, age, education level and health self-assessment , are those with a higher coefficient of determination on the health literacy index. The population at risk of having a low health literacy are people with a low educational level, with a negative assessment of their own health, do not practice exercise and with a weak social support network.
Gómez, Sánchez María Bienvenida. "Evaluación y mejora de la calidad en la alimentación hospitalaria." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334176.
Full textTo assess the quality of the entire process of food in hospitals, from reception of raw materials to food intake of patients. Identifying and designing corrective measures in order to avoid the most frequent errors. Material and method: A study of assessment and improvement of pre/post intervention quality was undertaken with repeated measures for a period of one year. The study was carried out in 4 Stages. At an early stage, a weekly evaluation was done in order to observe if the following criteria was implemented: shipping of primary materials (C1), storage of dairy products in coldrooms (C2), as that of fruits and vegetables (C3), of meat products (C4), of fish (C5), of processed products (C6), of frozen products (C7), and of non-perishable food products (C8). Another task of this stage was that of supervising the quality of non-perishable (C9), fridge perishable (C10) and frozen products (C11). The following aspects were also monitored: dietary compliance (C12), diet schedule (C13), if food trays provided nourishment suitable and according to medical guidance (C14), if food trays were properly fulfilled with all food supplements (C15), meal presentation (C16), and schedule for meals delivery to the patient (C17). Furthermore, patients assessed each food intake on scale of 1 to 10 (C18), the amount of non-ingested food was measured (C19), and, finally, two customer satisfaction survey about the hospital feeding were conducted, one at the beginning (C20) and another at the end of the assessment (C21). Some quality standards were established for all criteria, which for criteria from 1 to 11 is 100%, for criteria from 12 to 17 is 95% and for criteria from 18 to 21 is 70%. All data were expressed as a compliance percentage plus a 95% confidence interval, they were compared with the established standard by using the current Z value and considering meaningful values of p<0,05. In the second stage, based on the information gathered, a quality intervention improve was carried out about healthcare and non-healthcare professionals involved in each of those abovementioned processes. This improvement action consisted of educational interventions and structural-organizational reforms. In the third stage, after applying some improvement measures, a second assessment of all quality criteria analyzed in the first stage was made in order to observe which ones were now refined. Lastly, in the fourth stage, after the testing period had ended, the results were studied and in comparison with activities before the improvement action was developed. Once the step 4 is finished, we should regularly return to the first step in order to study the new improvements to implement. Results: In the second assessment of the criteria in relation to the first one, there was a global improvement of a 34%. Out of the 21 criteria analyzed only one worsened (C15), 2 remained unaltered (C6 and C11) and the remaining 18 improved. When comparing the compliance of the criteria with the established standard for each one, it turn out that only 8 of them reached the standard, having compliances of : C11 (100%), C12 (96,48%±0,71), C13 (99,61%±0,24), C14 (97,18%±0,64), C15 (99,88±0,13), C16 (98,18±0,51), C19 (73,44 ±10,82) y C21 (71,21±10,92). Findings: The assessment of food quality in hospitals has been acceptable without achieving the proposed standards. Therefore, more quality processes must be developed to enable an ongoing improvement.
Lozano, Polo Adelaida. "Estudio sobre el tabaquismo en el alumnado de ciencias sociosanitarias de la Universidad de Murcia : actitudes, consumo de tabaco y exposición al humo ambiental de tabaco." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/346058.
Full textTobacco consumption has become one of the main challenges in public health over the last century. It is one of the biggest avoidable and preventable causes of morbidity and mortality, suffer and disability of the society. In Spain, smoking is one of the main three factors that cause more disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Murcia Region shows the highest smoking rate (31,8%) of our country. Medicine, Nursing and Teaching degrees have an important exemplary role in the society. Performing a positive role model on smoking is mediated by attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors related to tobacco consumption and are influenced by existing control policies. To investigate variables associated with smoking consumption and secondhand smoke exposure among future professionals related to health and social sciences may provide an overall idea of the needed training programs to improve their ultimate support to tobacco control, and try to increase the welfare of the students. OBJETIVE: To analyze tobacco consumption and exposure to secondhand smoke, and the attitudes on smoking among health sciences and education students of the University of Murcia, with a gender and equity perspective. MATERIALS & METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study carried out by a self-reported and anonymous questionnaire in 998 Medicine, Nursing, Teaching and Social Work students at the University of Murcia between 2010 and 2011. A questionnaire was developed ad hoc. The scales to evaluate risk perception and the acceptance level of the role model were validated in the current study. Variables related to social characteristics that might influence smoking consumption were analyzed in the statistical analysis. Parametric (mean, standard deviation, percentiles, Chi-square, ANOVA) and non-parametric (U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) tests were employed to analyze related factors. To assess the structural validation of the scales, exploratory factor analysis, confirming it’s appropriated. Cronbach's alpha was used as an estimate of the reliability. The construct and the discriminatory capability of the scales in relationship to smoking consumption were validated. RESULTS: The majority of the students were women (77,7%), with a mean age of 22,4 years old. One out of four a current smoker (24,6%; 95%CI:21,9%-27,3%). Mean cigarette smoking/day was 10.4 [standard deviation (SD): 7,2]. The prevalence of smoking was similar between men and women, and no significant differences were observed by socioeconomic status, residence or employment status of their parents. Tobacco consumption was higher among students older than 25 years old (31,7%; 95%CI: 25%-38,4%) and in Social Work (38,3%; 95%CI: 29,5%-47,1%) and Teaching (26,8%; 95%CI:22,4%-31,2%) degrees. Tobacco consumption was lower in Medicine (18%; 95%CI:14%-22%) and Nursing degrees (24,1%; 95%CI:16,9%-31,3%). The odds of being a smoker was higher in participants older than 25 years old (OR:1,7; 95%CI:1-2,8; p<0.001), if they were living with smokers (OR:2,9; 95%CI:1,9-4,4), especially in women (OR:3,3; 95%CI:2,1-5,3), or if the mother (OR:1,3; 95%CI:0,8-2), the father (OR:1,1; 95%CI:0,7-1,7), any sibling (OR:2; 95%CI:1,2-3,4), the partner (OR:4,8; 95%CI:2,2-10,5), any flatmate (OR:2,6; 95%CI:1,1-6,3), or friends (OR:6,5; 95%CI:1,4-29,9) were smokers. The Risk perception scale showed an acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=0,71; explained variance=46,5%) with two dimensions (“Health problems related to smoking” and “Believes on the importance to smoking”). The Role model scale includes 3 components (“Informal Function”, “Formal Function” and “Positive Environment”), explaining 48,6% of the variance (Cronbach’s alpha=0,87). Sixty-one percent of the students lived with any smoker and 78,8% were exposed to secondhand smoke (weekdays: 37,5%; weekends: 76,6%), without any difference between smokers and non-smokers or by gender. Older students showed lower exposure. Living with smokers increases secondhand smoke exposure (weekdays: 56%; weekends: 79,7%). Mean exposure to secondhand smoke was 1,07h/24h during weekdays and 3,18 h/24h weekends. A significant reduction is observed in exposure after the implementation of the new Law during the weekdays 47% (OR=0,53; 95%CI:0,38-0,74) and the weekends 83% (OR=0,17; 95%CI:0,09-0,28). CONCLUSIONS: - The smoking prevalence in our study population is lower compared to high-school students and general population of Murcia Region, although higher compared to university students. Health sciences students present lower occurrence of smoking. - Age, degree and living with smokers are important factors for tobacco consumption; however, gender and the socioeconomic status are not. - Secondhand smoke exposure is still elevated; showing an important improvement after the latest Law on tobacco control became effective. - It is necessary to implement actions at the University in order to improve risk perception and the acceptance of the role model of the health and social professionals.
Guerrero, Gironés Julia. "Efecto de la melatonina y de HA/β-TCP/C sobre la pulpa dental de molares de rata." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284960.
Full textMelatonin plays an essential role in the regulation of bone growth. The actions that melatonin exert on odontoblasts may be similar to action on osteoblasts. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are bioceramics used as bone substitutes, which together with collagen (C) as support, have satisfactory osteoconductive qualities. The aim of this research was to evaluate pulp response to melatonin and to mixture HA/β-TCP/C used for direct pulp capping and to evaluate the antioxidant effect of melatonin administered orally and its influence on dental pulp. METHODS Direct pulp capping was performed on the upper molars of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats. The study groups were: MTA 30 days; Melatonin 30 days; MTA + Melatonin taken orally 30 days; Melatonin + Melatonin taken orally 30 days; MTA 60 days; Melatonin 60 days;.HA/β-TCP/C 30 days. In the groups MTA + Melatonin taken orally 30 days and Melatonin + Melatonin taken orally 30 days, the animals drank water dosed with melatonin ad libitum (10 mg/100 ml). After 30 or 60 days depend of the group, the animals were sacrificed and 5 ml of blood, the kidneys and liver were extracted in order to evaluate oxidative stress by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances testing (TBARS), and fragments of the maxilla containing the study molars were prepared for histological evaluation. The degree of pulp inflammation, the degree of pulp necrosis, the presence of reparative dentin and dentin bridging the pulp chamber, the presence and regularity of the odontoblastic layer and the presence of pulp fibrosis were evaluated from these samples. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the study groups for the histological variables degree of pulp inflammation (p=0,024), degree of pulp necrosis (p=0,61) and presence of pulp fibrosis (p=0,194). There were significant differences for the histological variable presence of reparative dentin and dentin bridging the pulp chamber (p=0,002); group MTA 30 days was associated to presence and group HA/β-TCP/C 30 days was associated to ausence of reparative dentin and dentin bridging. There were significant differences for the variable presence and regularity of the odontoblastic layer between groups (p=0,002); group MTA 30 days was associated to regular odontoblastic layer; group MTA+Melatonin taken orally 30 days was significantly associated to odontoblastic layer regular or irregular; groups Melatonin 60 days and HA/β-TCP/C 30 days were associated to ausence of regular odontoblastic layer. In oxidative stress analysis no significant differences were found between the study groups: blood (p=0.799), kidney (P=0.130) and liver (p=0.724). CONCLUSION The effect of melatonin and HA/β-TCP/C on pulp is similar to that of MTA to the degree of pulp inflammation, the degree of pulp necrosis and the present of pulp fibrosis. Oral administration of melatonin did not modify the local effects of MTA or of melatonin on dental pulp or reduce basal level oxidative stress.
Espi, Forcen Fernando. "Demons, fast and death : mental health in the late middle ages = Demonios, ayuno y muerte : salud mental en la Baja Edad Media." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/361102.
Full textResumen en Español Introducción: Con la expansión del Cristianismo en el Imperio Romano, la enfermedad mental, las teorías religiosas predominaron para explicar la enfermedad mental durante la Edad Media. Hipótesis: Es posible estudiar la salud mental en la Baja Edad Media a través del estudio de la posesión demoníaca, el santo ayuno y la ansiedad de la muerte. Métodos: Se han estudiado varios casos descritos en las hagiografías de los Santos, de mujeres que practicaban el ayuno por razones religiosas y los manuales que se empleaban para asistir a los moribundos. Resultados: En el estudio de la posesión demoníaca se intuyen rasgos de trastornos mentales de tipo psicótico, del ánimo, disociativos, cognitivos, de personalidad y neurológicos. Las mujeres que practicaban el ayuno religioso muestran rasgos parecidos a los de la anorexia nerviosa. La ansiedad de la muerte era muy común en la Baja Edad Media y manuales como el Ars Moriendi eran de utilidad para ayudar a los moribundos. Discusión: el riesgo de estudiar el comportamiento medieval desde una perspectiva psiquiátrica conlleva la posibilidad de imponer la nosología actual en el pasado y de que pasen desapercibidas conductas compatibles con la enfermedad mental. Con todo, los avances neurocientíficos sobre la enfermedad mental, y la revisión de literatura existente sugieren la existencia de la enfermedad mental a lo largo de la historia. Conclusiones: Es posible elucidar el estado de la enfermedad mental en la Baja Edad Media a través del estudio de las posesiones demoníacas, del ayuno y de la ansiedad de la muerte. Introduccion: Durante la Edad Media predominaban teorías religionsas o espirituales para explicar el comportamiento errático. Examinando las narrativas literarias de exorcismos se pueden hallar rasgos de tipo ansioso, depresivo, piscótico y de personalidad. Examinando las narrativas de Santos que practicaban el ayuno se hallan rasgos de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. La muerte prematura en la Edad Media era frecuente debido a epidemias como las peste negra entre otras. La ansiedad de la muerte en la población medieval generan una serie de manuales con el fin de ayudar a los frailes asistir a los moribundos. Las estrategias empleadas en estos manuales tienen paralelos con las técnicas que se usan hoy día para tratar la ansiedad de los pacientes con enfermedades terminales.
Gomez, Martinez Mª Jose. "Proyección de las ciencias y tecnologías de alimentos en el ámbito de la desnutrición." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/362921.
Full textSummary The basic aim of this thesis is to highlight the problem of malnutrition suffered by patients in hospitals, which is a problem that affects a greater or lesser degree to many of them, being a significant cause of the increased prevalence and morbidity and mortality. In this situation, even today, the dietitian-nutritionist figure, despite being a university graduate of recognized competence, not in quantitative terms and / or qualitatively sufficiently embedded in the whole-food-nutrition-malnutrition-food diseases the hospital system. This work is also claim some of the work that can develop these professionals with training that enables them to organize and to strengthen cohesion that must exist between these sectors and other professionals in the hospital structure and procedure. The establishment of an action plan for the control and monitoring of the nutritional status of patients, from their arrival at the center and during their stay in it, arises with the implementation of a protocol of nutritional screening for early detection of cases malnutrition and follow the evolution of patients throughout the hospital period. NRS-2002 procedure as a method of nutritional screening, known for its unique characteristics, application and accessible implementation is adopted. Hundred twenty patients undergoing nutritional screening thirty-six patients are classified at risk of malnutrition. In the latter group, affects the dietary and eleven receive special nutritional support measures and the rest are subjected to surveillance and control of intake. A modification of the NRS-2000 method is proposed for patients classified without nutritional risk, which can leave the hospital earlier than seven days, again subject to screening within 72 hours of the first evaluation and complete information on the status of patient. In assessing three hundred and eighty-one patients fall under dietary control situation hundred twenty-nine patients. Twenty-six patients are treated with special nutritional support, representing a third of the figure for the previous experience. In tracking a group of eight patients who are undergoing dialysis three times a week, it is characterized that diets ingest these patients are high protein and/or high fat, and are deficient in carbohydrates. This aggravates the condition of hypercholesterolemia suffering, worsened by rising ingested protein nitrogen, which affects the process of dialysis and kidney failure box. In most patients, male or female, BMI values are higher than 25 kg / m2, overweight index. In contrast, PCR data are less than unity, corresponding to malnourished patients. This contradiction is justified because the numbers just distance themselves from the limits. Out of a total of eighteen patients, nine men and nine women, the latter eat more protein and more fat than the respective recommendations established for this group, but the consumption of carbohydrates is deficient. In male patients the protein intake is slightly elevated and adequate carbohydrates, but the rate of fat intake is lower than recommended. For all patients sodium intakes are within the permitted limits however potassium do not reach the minimum data set. According to the protein catabolic rate fifty percent (5 ♂ ♀ and 4) are malnourished. After one year of follow up, the average rate decreases protein catabolism (mean 0.19, s.d.: 0, 17) and the Pearson correlation assumes no statistically significant differences. However, the reduction that occurs in the data series of the dry weight (-2.52 Kg, s.d.:8.27) is statistically significant (P <0.05). The data variations dry weights and variations of the PCR do not show statistically significant correlations. The results suggest the need for new guidelines for the health of these patients with regard to seeking to improve their nutritional status.
Moreno, Martínez Francisco José. "Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para determinar los hábitos y conocimientos en higiene corporal infantil y su aplicación en escolares y menores en desamparo de la Región de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/365312.
Full textGeneral aim (1) To evaluate the knowledge and personal hygiene habits of schoolchildren and children in residential foster care aged between 7 and 12 years. Specific aims (1) To design and validate an instrument to comprehensively assess the knowledge and personal hygiene habits in children aged between 7 and 12 years. (2) To describe the knowledge and personal hygiene habits in schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years and children in residential foster care in the Region of Murcia. (3) To evaluate the relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene habits of schoolchildren and sociodemographic factors age and sex. (4) To evaluate the relationship between knowledge and personal hygiene habits of schoolchildren and the location of the school. (5) To compare the knowledge and personal hygiene habits among children in residential foster care and schoolchildren by socioeconomic level of the families. Methodology: First phase: cross-sectional study for the validation of an experiment carried out during the years 2013 and 2014. A literature review; content validation for 7 experts; pilot survey; item response analysis, and evaluation by test-retest reliability were carried out. Participants were students from 2nd to 6th grade of Primary School in an area close to the city of Murcia suburban area, aged between 7 and 12 / as well as their parents and / or mothers. Also it is got with the participation of children from a medium/long stay center for young from the Region of Murcia (CARM). Second phase: The study was conducted during 2014 and 2015 through quantitative design. An observational and descriptive study was carried out to evaluate the habits and personal hygiene knowledge in schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years compere with children in children´s home in the Region of Murcia. The study was conducted with the participation of schoolchildren in three schools in rural, urban and suburban location and their parents or legal guardians, and with the collaboration of abandoned minors recently joined a protection center of the CARM. Data collection in school and under protection centers was conducted through a questionnaire HICORIN®. Socioeconomic data were obtained from school survey of parents / mothers through the questionnaire HICORIN-Socioeconomic, and centers under protection through data recorded in the software GISME and / or records of minors. Analysis of the data was performed using the statistical package SPSS version 21 for Windows. Results: First phase: 20 items including items with instruments on child personal hygiene were obtained. 34 items were selected and drafted 48 new. Validation of experts reduced HICORIN® to 63 items and included seven dimensions of child personal hygiene (body skin, hair, hands, oral, feet, ears, and personal hygiene). After running a pilot survey some terms were adapted to improve the children´s understanding. Only two items have rates exceeding 10% of non-response. The test-retest showed 84.1% of the items reliability between very good and moderate. Second phase: From the sample of students selected for the study (n=758) participated finally 59.89% (n=454), with 49.8% boys and 49.3% girls. 61.2% of the children came from families with high studies. For those under protection centers was surveyed to 51 children, being 47.1% boys and 52.9% girls. 90.2% came from families with no education or primary education. In bivariate analysis 80 significant associations were obtained between age, sex and location of the center and variables related to body hygiene HICORIN® and independent variables. The comparison between schoolchildren and children from juvenile protection centers gets 50 significant associations. Conclusions HICORIN® is a reliable and valid instrument that fully values the habits and personal hygiene knowledge in children of 7-12 years. It could be applied to social care and education sectors and for children of all socioeconomic levels. Schoolchildren with higher incomes in the usual home and living in urban or suburban areas have better health habits, being the schoolchildren in rural areas have considerably habits far away from the current recommendations on personal hygiene. It is evident that the acquisition of knowledge and autonomy in personal hygiene are higher with age, there are few significant differences between sexes associated to the habits and personal hygiene knowledge in childhood. Children living in children´s home have less knowledge and personal hygiene habits considerably far from current recommendations those schoolchildren. Also, suffer a major social rejection by other minor motivated by poor personal hygiene, while this hardly happens in schoolchildren. The family is the principal agent in education in personal hygiene of children, being more influential in school than under protection centers.
Sarabia, Cos Laura. "Estudio sobre la calidad seminal en jóvenes universitarios de la Región de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/326745.
Full textDiversos estudios muestran una disminución en la concentración espermática en las últimas décadas, aunque en este hecho se han observado diferencias geográficas importantes. El descenso de la concentración espermática se ha atribuido a exposiciones a tóxicos y contaminantes ambientales, estilos de vida o ciertos factores nutricionales pero que, en gran medida, son aún desconocidos, permanecen inexplorados o no han sido suficientemente estudiados. Entre 2010 y 2011 se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en jóvenes universitarios de la Región de Murcia (n=215) con el propósito de estudiar su calidad seminal. Los participantes proporcionaron una muestra seminal, se les realizó un examen andrológico y cumplimentaron cuestionarios epidemiológicos sobre hábitos de vida, incluido un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria. El análisis de los parámetros seminales se realizó siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OMS (2010) y también se analizó la fragmentación del ADN espermático mediante el método de dispersión de la cromatina espermática (SCD). A partir de los datos de este estudio, en la presente tesis doctoral se profundiza en el estudio de la calidad seminal en jóvenes varones, abordando el problema desde distintos aspectos. En el primer trabajo se estudió la asociación entre la ingesta dietaria de nutrientes antioxidantes y la calidad seminal en dichos varones. Los resultados indicaron una asociación positiva entre el consumo de distintos nutrientes antioxidantes (criptoxantina, vitamina C, licopeno y b-caroteno) y el recuento total de espermatozoides móviles. El volumen seminal también aumentó con una mayor ingesta de vitamina C, licopeno y b-caroteno. En conclusión, nuestro estudio sugirió que algunos parámetros espermáticos podrían ser sensibles a la ingesta de nutrientes antioxidantes, y que la recomendación actual de ingesta de vitamina C podría ser insuficiente para alcanzar el máximo beneficio en términos de calidad seminal. En el segundo trabajo, el objetivo fue examinar si la calidad seminal había variado durante la última década entre los jóvenes del sureste español. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo se utilizaron los datos obtenidos en un estudio anterior realizado en Almería entre 2001 y 2002. Los datos del estudio de Almería se incluyeron en un análisis de tendencias junto con los datos relativos a los jóvenes estudiantes murcianos. Se utilizó modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar en la población combinada un efecto de cohorte de nacimiento durante el período de estudio 2001-2011. Nuestros resultados indicaron que el recuento total y la concentración espermática podrían haber disminuido en los jóvenes del Sureste español durante la última década, mostrando una tendencia temporal adversa en dichos parámetros. En el sur de España recientemente ha tenido lugar un aumento de la industrialización, y con ello, un aumento del riesgo de posibles exposiciones potencialmente adversas que podrían afectar a distintos parámetros reproductivos masculinos. En el tercer trabajo se estudió la fragmentación del ADN espermático en los jóvenes varones. Dicha fragmentación podría estar relacionada con procesos de estrés oxidativos y comprometer la calidad seminal. Por una parte, se describieron y analizaron los índices de fragmentación del ADN espermático (SDF) de las muestras tras la eyaculación, lo que se denominó como SDF basal. Y por otro lado, se estudió la dinámica de la fragmentación del ADN espermático, es decir, el incremento de la fragmentación del ADN con el tiempo tras la eyaculación. Para estudiar la dinámica se incubaron las muestras a 37ºC durante 2.5, 17 y 24 horas y se calculó la tasa de fragmentación del ADN espermático (rate SDF; rSDF). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron unos valores medios de SDF basal relativamente altos comparados con otros estudios publicados. La rSDF fue mayor durante las primeras horas tras la eyaculación. Por otra parte, las muestras con SDF basal superior a 30% presentaron una rSDF mayor durante las primeras horas de incubación comparadas con las muestras con niveles basales inferiores a 15%.
In the last decades several studies have shown a decrease in human sperm concentrations. In spite of this fact, there have been significant geographical differences. The decline in sperm count has been attributed to exposure to environmental toxins and pollutants, lifestyle or certain nutritional factors which are still largely unknown, unexplored or have been understudied. Between 2010 and 2011 we conducted a cross-sectional study among university students in the Region of Murcia (n = 215) in order to study their sperm quality. Participants provided a semen sample, underwent an andrological examination, and filled out epidemiological questionnaires on lifestyle and a food frequency questionnaire. The seminal analysis was performed following the WHO guidelines (2010) and sperm DNA fragmentation was also analyzed by the sperm chromatin dispersion method (SCD). From all this data, the current thesis explores the semen quality in young males, approaching the problem from different perspectives. In the first study, the association between dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and semen quality was studied. The results indicated a positive association between the consumption of various antioxidant nutrients (cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, lycopene and b-carotene) and total motile sperm count. The seminal volume also increased with a higher intake of vitamin C, lycopene and b-carotene. In conclusion, our study suggested that some sperm parameters could be sensitive to the intake of antioxidant nutrients, and that the current recommended intake of vitamin C may be insufficient to achieve the maximum benefit in terms of semen quality. In the second study, the aim was to examine whether semen quality has changed among Spanish young men in the last decade. To carry out this study we used data obtained in a previous study in Almeria between 2001 and 2002. This data was added to our current population in order to analyze the sperm quality trend in Southern Spain. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the combined effect of population birth cohort during the study´s period 2001-2011. Our results indicated that the total count and sperm concentration may have decline in young Spanish men over the last decade, showing an adverse temporal trend in these parameters. Southern Spain has recently gone through a growing innovation and industrialization in many areas, and with this, an increased risk of potential adverse exposures, which might affect reproductive parameters in men. In the third study, the sperm DNA fragmentation was studied in young men. Such fragmentation could be related to oxidative stress and compromise semen quality. On the one hand, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) of the samples after ejaculation was analyzed, which was named as basal SDF. On the other hand, the dynamics of sperm DNA fragmentation, that is the increase of DNA fragmentation after ejaculation time was studied. To study the dynamics, samples were incubated at 37°C for 2.5, 17 and 24 hours and the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF rate; rSDF) was calculated. The results showed average values of basal SDF relatively high compared with other published studies. The rSDF was higher during the first hours after ejaculation. Besides, the samples with basal SDF higher to 30% showed an elevated rSDF during the first hours of incubation compared with the samples with basal levels lower than 15 %.
Rodríguez, Jaimes Violeta del Pilar, and Salas Alicia Lizette Rodríguez. "Programa de capacitación vocal para mejorar el conocimiento de las condiciones de producción vocal en profesores de una institución educativa particular." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2010. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7130.
Full textTesis
Ramírez, Malpartida Jesús María. "Nivel de Actividad Física en el Personal Adulto Mayor que labora en la Micro Red de Salud Independencia, Noviembre - 2014." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4234.
Full textTesis
Salcedo, Espinoza Carlos Gualberto. "Programa Educativo a través de música ambiental y mensajes auditivos para mejorar la Asepsia en el desempeño profesional de trabajadores de Salud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1690.
Full text--- This study examines and evaluates the educational effect that a not veryused message transmission tool is able to provide: the auditory message inserted in the background music aimed at hospital attendance personnel. In this case, the Intensive Care Unit doctors, nurses and technicians of the Daniel A. Carrión Hospital, located in Callao Region. The learning-teaching process among the sanitary labour force is a special and sensitive category in which continuous and uninterrupted education is necessary, since every learning failure has a high cost due to the most valuable social good you are working with, the human life. The field work involves using a closed-circuit sound equipment, just audible in The environment of the Intensive Care Unit during six hours, from 8:00 to 14:00 hours, aimed at promoting the learning and reinforce the changes in the behavior objective of this study: hands washing. These messages, different but with the same goal, were emitted daily, every ten minutes during six hours. Non- classical instrumental music was used as background music, which stopped only when the message was emitted. The field work was on throughout a six-month period, in which it was observed and registered how often the objective personnel behaviour was executed in the different study stages. Finally, with the data analysis, the final report is hereby submitted in accordance with the expected outcomes: the aseptic behavior improvement in the one hundred percent of the personnel. Main Words: Message, Behavior, Aseptic, Attendance Personnel, Intensive Care Unit.
Tesis
Cavero, Huapaya Victoria María. "Autocuidado en profesionales de enfermería y obstetricia de cuatro establecimientos de salud de atención primaria de Lima Norte." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9422.
Full textDa a conocer cómo es y cómo se podría mejorar el autocuidado de los profesionales de enfermería y obstetricia de atención primaria. Se realiza un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 27 profesionales de enfermería y obstetricia de cuatro establecimientos de salud de Lima Norte, así como a 4 actores clave en dichos establecimientos y 5 autoridades en salud mental. Se encuentra que el autocuidado se concibe como las prácticas que los profesionales realizan por sí mismos para cuidarse física y mentalmente; pero que requieren de un soporte institucional que asegure el autocuidado. Tanto los profesionales como la institución no suelen priorizar el autocuidado, y las prácticas suelen ser puntuales, sin mantenerse en el tiempo. Por tanto, mejorar el autocuidado implica que los profesionales asuman su autocuidado y mejoren sus prácticas, pero principalmente, que la institución brinde el soporte necesario, lo cual se traduce en normativas, programas de autocuidado y ambientes de trabajo saludables.
Tesis
Espinoza, Correa Indalecia Maura. "Los riesgos de salud del personal que trabaja en unidades de información." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15580.
Full textTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Egea, Cánovas Elisa. "Estudio de prevalencia, factores de riesgo del Síndrome de Burnout y encuesta de satisfacción laboral en personal sanitario de un área de salud de la región de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310222.
Full textIn the current financial crisis, the health personnel is under pressure from superiors, users and oneself. Job insecurity, demanding workloads and the lack of resources and staff, are responsible for the so increasingly burnout syndrome. The aim of the thesis is to analyze if the dimensions of the Burnout Syndrome (Emotional Exhaustion, depersonalization and professional accomplishment) is statistically significantly associated with major demographic and personal variables of health workers in our health area. To do so, we propose to establish the prevalence, describe the sociodemographic characteristics of respondent professionals, identify potential risk factors, thus facilitating early detection and prevention and assessing the degree of job satisfaction among healthcare staff participating in the study. METHODOLOGY: The study was carried out in the Health Area VI of the Regional Health Service in Murcia. Between February 1 and April 30, 2014, questionnaires were distributed among staff. Burnout syndrome was studied by the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and it was also ran a survey of job satisfaction. Both the questionnaire and the job satisfaction survey were anonymous and delivered personally or by coworkers, being then collected in a mailbox anonymously. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.15 software. and Epidat 4.1. The satisfaction survey was evaluated using a Likert scale with scores of 1-4. CONCLUSIONS: 1.- We have observed a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of burnout syndrome and certain socio-demographic characteristics of health personnel. 2.- The prevalence of burnout syndrome in health workers Health Area VI of the Region of Murcia is high in depersonalization and intermediate in personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion. 3.- There are sociodemographic factors associated with the development of burnout syndrome. 4.- Detecting the existence of these factors could contribute to early diagnosis and / or prevention of this syndrome. 5.- The job satisfaction survey shows that the overall satisfaction is good, especially concerning peer relationships.
Condor, Arredondo Plinio Edson. "Estudio comparativo de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en bioseguridad del personal de salud de las unidades de cuidados intensivos de dos hospitales de la ciudad de Lima, Abril – Julio 2008." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1066.
Full textObjectives: To compare knowledge, attitudes and Biosecurity practices of Health personnel in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) of two Hospitals from Lima, during April-July 2008. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, crosssectional study, the questionnaire was applied for the exploration of knowledge and attitudes and the observational guide of practices of Health personnel provided by MINSA to the ICU personnel from Dos de Mayo Hospital and Hipolito Unanue Hospital. Results: 66.3% of professional had a good level of knowledge, 13.8% a fair level and 20.0% a bad level. 47.5% had a good level of practice and 52.5% a fair level. 95% of professional showed positive attitudes for biosecurity standards. It was not statistically significant differences between both hospitals (p>0.05). Personnel from Hipolito Unanue Hospital provided more importance on handwashing and considered in greater proportion than the same precautions are necessary for all patients (p=0,04). There was no correlation between the level of knowledge and biosecurity practices (Pearson 0,462; p<0,01), and a good level of knowledge was not necessarily associated with a good level of practice (OR= 1,9 IC95% [0,7-4,9]).Conclusions: Highest percentage was found in a high level of knowledge on biosecurity, the results are lower with respect to practices, however there was not professional with a bad level of practices, attitudes were favorable in almost all professional. Key words: Knowledge, attitudes, practices, biosecurity.
Tesis
Widmann, Orihuela Sonia. "Características y percepción vocal de los profesores de II ciclo de educación primaria de un colegio privado de San Isidro." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11626.
Full textDescriptive Correlational Study performed in a sample of 21 Primary School Teachers from a private school in the district of San Isidro, which objective is to determine the voice perception of teachers and their vocal characteristics. For the auditory-perceptual analysis of voice, observation methods and surveys are used; the questionnaire used is validated by experts: Perceptions Questionnaire Voice of Picorrotto (2003) and Auditory-Perceptual Protocol of Evaluation of María Inés Rehder (2007), voice film production was required for further analysis. Arriving to the following conclusions: In this study, subjects have no knowledge of how to use their voice effortlessly. Moreover, they also ignore the necessary care and difficulties that could be related to their vocal habits, pneumofonoarticulatoria incoordination, vocal strain, and breathing type and mode that do not favor their voice projection.
Tesis
Muñoz, Barabino Carmen Cecilia. "Significado de vivir en una ciudad con alta contaminación ambiental en profesionales de salud: foráneos y nativos arraigados en La Oroya - Junín, Perú 2019." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15617.
Full textTrujillo, Aspilcueta Henry. "Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en trabajadores del Instituto Nacional de Salud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8677.
Full textDetermina la prevalencia de factores de riego de sobrepeso y obesidad, con un diseño transversal descriptivo. Los participantes son 715 trabajadores del Instituto Nacional de Salud. El método que se utiliza determina el peso, talla, perímetro abdominal y composición corporal. Los datos son analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS 20.0 para Windows; y los resultados demuestran que las prevalencias de obesidad y sobrepeso son 18,3% y 47,2%, respectivamente. El 29,7% de los trabajadores presenta muy alto riesgo según su perímetro abdominal. Además 97.5% presentaron exceso de grasa corporal a través de la impedancia bioelétrica. En conclusión; la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en los trabajadores del Instituto Nacional de Salud es alta, especialmente entre los trabajadores de sexo masculino, y va en aumento. Es necesario promover programas de prevención y modificación de estilos de vida y control de estos factores de riesgo en dicha población.
Trabajo académico
Escobar, Gómez-Villalba Fernando. "Efecto de un programa escolar de intervención nutricional y conductual sobre los niveles de vitamina D y síndrome metabólico del adolescente." Doctoral thesis, TDR (Tesis Doctorales en Red), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334412.
Full textIntroduction: Child and adolescent obesity is a serious public health concern, involving severe comorbidities if the obesity endures into adulthood. The increase in child and adolescent obesity responds, among other factors, to environmental factors that emphasize poor dietary habits and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Moreover, obesity is considered a risk factor for developing vitamin D deficiency, interacting with insulin resistance and inflammation. Our working hypothesis draws from the increase in the prevalence of excess weight and obesity in children and adolescents and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this population and the need for intervention measures. We will assess the effect of an educational program for nutritional and behavioural intervention (PNBI) on weight and levels of vitamin D in adolescents from Granada. Objectives: To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity, dietary habits, vitamin D levels and parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in a representative sample of adolescents from Granada. To develop an Educational Program for Nutritional and Behavioural Intervention (PNBI) and study the above parameters before and after developing the PNBI. Subjects and Methods: We selected a total of 2246 students from E.S.O. (Compulsory Secondary Education) (1102 males), aged between 12 and 16 years, belonging to schools in the city of Granada and nearby towns. A total of 263 students were randomly selected to participate in the PNBI during the school year. The PNBI was based on the teaching of nutritional recommendations for age and dietary changes as well as lifestyle adjustments by fortnightly lessons of 45 minutes. In addition, each day, they received a Mediterranean breakfast at school that assured they receive 200 IU of vitamin D. At the beginning and end of the school year (May and September respectively), the body mass index (BMI) and the waistline perimeter was determined. They were also surveyed about their dietary habits by using a frequency test about the consumption of valid foods and about exercise habits. In addition, body composition was studied by impedance measures, by measuring blood pressure, and serum determinations of glucose, vitamin D, cholesterol (LDL and HDL), and triglycerides. Results: We found a prevalence of overweight of 22.8% in men and 15.8% in women and 6.7% of obesity in men and 3.1% for women. After the intervention, the prevalence of overweight decreased among both male and female students (21.3% vs. 31.5%, p <0.001 in males; 14.0% vs. 21.7%, p <0.001 for women). The prevalence of obesity decreased in both male (5.5% vs. 7.9%, p <0.001) and females (3.9% vs. 4.7%, p <0.001). After the intervention, both sexes significantly decreased total energy volume and total fat intake (p <0.001). A significant increase in lean mass was observed in males and females and the percentage of students with MS criteria was significantly lower after the PNBI (32% vs. 19.7%, p <0.001). Prior to the intervention, 18.7% of adolescents had vitamin D deficiency, and 38.3% had insufficiency. After the intervention, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is reduced to 0.46% (p <0.0001) and vitamin D insufficiency to 19.1% (p <0.0001). The effect of the intervention program on the values of vitamin D depends on the BMI (p <0.006), fat mass (p <0.05), linoleic acid consumption (p <0.03) and plasma cholesterol. Conclusions: Spain currently has a high prevalence of excess weight and obesity that places it as one the top countries in the European Union with this problem. The Educational Program for Nutritional and Behavioural Intervention significantly decreases the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents of both sexes, changing dietary habits and lifestyle, changing body composition and decreasing the prevalence of MS. The prevalence of insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency found in healthy adolescents is high. After the PNBI, vitamin D deficiency is corrected and insufficient vitamin D is significantly reduced. The effect of PNBI on serum levels of 25 (OH) D is related to weight and body fat. Increased waist circumference is a risk factor for developing the adolescent insufficiency or deficiency of vitamin D.
Ruiz, Cano Domingo. "Mejora de la composición y calidad nutritiva del pastel de carne de Murcia y su repercusión sobre la salud." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/374250.
Full textLos alimentos artesanales son ampliamente reconocidos como una parte importante del patrimonio nutricional, gastronómico y cultural de los diferentes países. Sin embargo, muchos de estos productos artesanales, tales como los productos procesados de carne picada, a veces son percibidos como nutricionalmente desequilibrados, debido a su alto valor calórico y contenido de grasa. En la actualidad, el Pastel de carne de Murcia es un alimento típico de la gastronomía de la Región de Murcia, que se elabora diariamente en obradores artesanales, localizados en los propios establecimientos, donde se vende directamente al consumidor. En general, se tratan de pequeños negocios familiares o con un escaso número de trabajadores, que elaboran sus productos con materias primas naturales, mediante procesos manuales o con ayuda de pequeños utensilios y equipos. Según la información aportada por la Asociación de Empresarios de Pastelerías de Murcia (AREPA), del total de pastelerías asociadas a la misma (30), el 90% de éstas elaboran y venden diariamente el Pastel de carne de Murcia. Lógicamente, dependiendo del tamaño, de la localización y del prestigio de estas pastelerías, el número de unidades de Pastel de carne de Murcia vendidas a la semana varía ampliamente entre establecimientos (250-5.000 unidades/semana). Estas cifras pueden dar una idea de la importancia del consumo de Pastel de carne de Murcia en la Región de Murcia, que es más frecuente en días festivos y en diferentes celebraciones, y que se extiende entre los diferentes grupos de población, desde niños a personas mayores. Si bien, el Pastel de carne de Murcia es un alimento ampliamente conocido y muy valorado de la gastronomía murciana, actualmente no existen en la bibliografía científica, según nuestro conocimiento, estudios sobre el valor nutricional y energético de este producto. Debido a su contenido en proteínas de alta calidad (11%), este alimento podría sustituir a otros platos de carne, y ser incorporado en una dieta equilibrada. Sin embargo, su valor energético total, el contenido de energía de la grasa y el contenido de grasa saturada representan límites muy importantes para su consumo en una dieta equilibrada. La reformulación de los alimentos artesanales a través de la selección adecuada de uno o varios de sus ingredientes, con el objetivo de mejorar sus propiedades saludables, podría ser una estrategia efectiva para evitar la desaparición de algunos de estos productos tradicionales, que se han consumido durante siglos en diferentes partes del mundo. Otro aspecto de gran interés en la actualidad es el desarrollo de alimentos con propiedades funcionales, que le confieren al producto un valor añadido. Es por ello, que en el presente proyecto se ha incluido un estudio con el fin de seleccionar un ingrediente funcional, rico en fructooligosacáridos (inulina), que sea de utilidad para la elaboración de alimentos funcionales, a partir de un subproducto de alcachofa. El estudio demuestra que es posible mejorar las características nutritivas y saludables de los alimentos artesanales, mediante una mejor selección de alguno o algunos de sus ingredientes, tales como la carne de ternera picada y la manteca de cerdo, sin que dicha modificación suponga una reducción significativa de sus propiedades sensoriales originales. Por otro lado, el ingrediente funcional añadido en una concentración del 5%, sustituyendo a la harina de trigo en la base del pastel, representa una mejora factible en las características funcionales del alimento estudiado. Estas mejoras pueden contribuir, sin duda, a mantener este tipo de alimentos tradicionales y a evitar la pérdida en la cultura, identidad y herencia gastronómica de España en general y de la Región de Murcia en particular.
Artisan foods are widely recognised as an important part of the nutritional, gastronomic and cultural heritage of different countries. However, many of these artisan products are perceived as nutritionally unbalanced due to their high caloric value and fat content. Nowadays, the meat pie of Murcia is a typical food of the Murcia’s Regional gastronomy, which is elaborated daily in artisan workshops, where they are directly sold to the consumer. They are generally small family companies with few employees that elaborate their products with natural raw materials through hand processing or with the help of small tools and equipment. According to the information provided by the Murcia’s bakers association (AREPA) from the number of affiliated members, a 90% of artisan meat pies are made and sold daily. The number of pieces of Murcia’s meat pie sold weekly varies widely among establishments, depending on their size, location and reputation (250-5.000 units/week). Those numbers can give an idea of the importance of the consumption of the Murcia’s meat pie in the region, being more frequent during celebrations. Moreover it is consumed by any population group, from children to the elderly. Although the meat pie of Murcia is a food very well known and appreciated in the Murcia’s gastronomy, currently the scientific literature lacks studies on the nutritional and energy values of this product. Due to its content in high quality proteins (11%), this food could replace other meat dishes and can be incorporated into a balanced diet. However, its total energy value, energy from fat, and saturated fat content represent very important limits for their consumption in a balanced diet. The reformulation of artisan foods though the adequate selection of one or more of their ingredients with the aim of improving their healthy properties, is a possible effective strategy to avoid the disappearance of some of these traditional products, that have been consumed for centuries all over the world. Another aspect of interest currently is the development of foods with functional properties which confer an added value to the products. That is the reason for including in this Project a study with the aim of selecting a functional ingredient, rich in fructooligosaccharides (inulin) that could be useful for the elaboration of functional foods from a by-product of artichoke. This study demonstrates that it is possible to improve the nutritional and healthy characteristics of artisan foods, through a better selection of some of the ingredients such as the minced beef meat and the pork fat without a significative reduction on its original sensory properties. On the other hand, the functional ingredient added in a concentration of 5% (wheat flour basis) to the bottom part of the meat pie, represents a feasible improvement of the functional characteristics of this food under research. Those improvements could contribute undoubtedly to avoid a loss of the cultural identity to preserve this type of traditional foods avoiding the loss of cultural identity and gastronomic heritage in Spain and particularly in the Region of Murcia.
Gutiérrez, Villafuerte César Arturo. "Prevalencia y factores asociados a accidentes laborales en trabajadores de salud del primer nivel de atención." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2452.
Full textTesis
Zavala, Narváez Rocío. "Relación entre conocimientos y prácticas en las enfermeras de Centro Quirúrgico sobre la prevención del riesgo biológico en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal 2014." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5771.
Full textTrabajo académico
Santos, Portugal Niny Maythe. "Prevalencia de los accidentes de trabajo por exposición a objetos punzocortantes en trabajadores de salud del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, periodo 2008-2009." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12310.
Full textDetermina la prevalencia de los accidentes de trabajo por exposición a objetos punzocortantes en trabajadores de salud del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Estudio analítico desarrollado en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión los años 2008 y 2009.Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado Validado y se utilizaron los formularios de registros de exposición a sangre y fluidos corporales. Se realizó un análisis y cálculo de la prevalencia de la estadística descriptiva, frecuencias y porcentajes de estas exposiciones. Se concluye que la prevalencia de accidentes punzocortantes entre los trabajadores asistenciales de Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión es de 2,29% el 2008 y de 2,63% el año 2009.En el año 2008 hubieron 40 casos de accidentes de trabajo por objetos punzo cortantes y en el año 2009 hubieron 46 casos. En los años 2008 y 2009 el grupo etáreo que presentó mayor prevalencia fue de 18 a 29 años. El 2008 se presentaron 40 exposiciones, siendo la siguiente prevalencia por grupos ocupacionales: enfermeros 1,27%, médicos 0,70%, obstetras 6,06%, Técnico de enfermería 0,78%, tecnólogos médicos 4%, médicos asistentes 0,70%, médicos residentes 3,87%, internos 22,61%. La mayor prevalencia se presentó en los internos y en segundo lugar en los obstetras. El 2009 se registraron 46 casos: enfermería 1,91%, médicos asistentes 2,81%, obstetras 6,06%, técnicos de enfermería 1,28%, tecnólogos médicos10%, médicos residentes 3,87%, internos 10,71%.Siendo la mayor prevalencia este año fue el grupo ocupacional de los internos. El año 2008 el 7,7% de los trabajadores utilizaron guantes para aplicación de inyectables y el 2009 el 17,4%. El manejo de los residuos sólidos hospitalarios, el 2008 fue adecuado en el 23.1% de los casos descartando los objetos punzocortantes en los contenedores para este fin y el 2009 de 39,1% resultando estadísticamente significativa la diferencia. Dentro de las condiciones que se dieron durante las exposiciones fueron principalmente, que las exposiciones a sangre y fluidos corporales se produjeron durante el encapsulado de las agujas en ambos años. (p=0.013). Según servicios de ocurrencia: el 2008 fue en Hospitalización y el 2009 en Emergencia principalmente. La patología identificada en los pacientes fuente de la exposición principalmente es VIH/SIDA y en el mayor porcentaje de los casos recibieron la profilaxis correspondiente. No se reportaron seroconversiones.
Trabajo académico
Contreras, Camarena Carlos Walter. "Factores de riesgo para tuberculosis pulmonar en personal de salud del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. 2004-2015." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10011.
Full textTesis
Barriga, Rodríguez Zenaida Victoria. "Manejo de residuos sólidos hospitalarios según grado de capacitación en el personal de salud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14892.
Full textTrabajo académico
Ramos, Delgadillo Lucy. "Nivel de conocimiento del personal de salud sobre el lavado de manos quirúrgico en sala de operaciones del Hospital Referencial Cangallo - 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13664.
Full textTrabajo académico
García, Albertos Marina. "Vejez y homosexualidad." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/369824.
Full textEl objeto de esta investigación es la exploración de la dimensión social de la diversidad sexual en la vejez. Las personas gais, lesbianas, bisexuales, transexuales o intersexuales se enfrentan diariamente a prejuicios y formas sutiles y no tan sutiles de discriminación; pueden sentir temor a ser rechazadas a la hora de acudir a centros especializados de atención a la ancianidad, a los servicios sociales o a los sanitarios. El motivo principal de este rechazo es el desconocimiento y la falta de información. En la mayor parte de la literatura especializada sobre mayores no figura la diversidad sexual como parte de las características de las personas mayores. El objetivo del estudio es visibilizar a este colectivo de cara a las instituciones académicas, sanitarias y de atención a las personas mayores y a la sociedad en general, con el fin de que se les respete tal y como son y que, además, se cuente con su participación en la gestión y ejecución de las políticas públicas de referencia. La abolición de todo tipo de discriminación a causa de la orientación sexual o de la identidad sexual es el objetivo último de este trabajo. Como información de fuentes secundarias, se ha consultado la literatura sociológica sobre la construcción social de la vejez y de la diversidad sexual. Se ha realizado, así mismo, un breve estudio demográfico, un análisis histórico y complementario de la legislación sobre la homosexualidad y del enunciado de las preguntas de los estudios del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas en España, y se ha recogido datos básicos de pensiones y del matrimonio igualitario desde su regulación en 2005 en este país. La información proveniente de fuentes primarias se ha obtenido mediante técnicas cualitativas como son las entrevistas en profundidad y las entrevistas focalizadas o grupales realizadas a veinte personas mayores gais y lesbianas de 44 a 81 años, geográficamente localizadas en municipios de la Región de Murcia y en Madrid, ciudad donde se han llevado a cabo las dos entrevistas grupales. Siendo un campo relativamente nuevo para las ciencias sociales, no existen estudios empíricos cuantitativos y apenas cualitativos de consideración que hayan tratado la temática en España. El resultado de la investigación apunta a que hay características de la vida de las personas ancianas comunes a todas ellas y muchas más diferenciadoras. La edad es la máxima igualdad y no lo es tanto, puesto que se trata de personas que pueden tener de 50 a 100 o más años. La diversidad es tan grande como la de cualquier sector de la sociedad y depende de factores como los recursos económicos, las relaciones sociales, la zona rural o urbana en la que se resida, la formación recibida, la percepción de la salud y la época en la que cada cohorte y cada persona ha desarrollado sus características propias, según los acontecimientos sociales, culturales e históricos en que ha tocado vivir la niñez, la adolescencia y la madurez. Entre todas esta diversidades, la identidad sexual y la orientación sexual es de las más desconocidas. En este trabajo se desbaratan algunos estereotipos sobre la vejez en general y sobre la vejez homosexual en particular y se descubren nuevos conocimientos que pueden ser útiles para mejorar las relaciones entre y con las personas mayores por parte de su entorno social y de las instituciones especializadas.
Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the social dimension of sexual diversity in old age. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or intersex people face daily prejudice and subtle and not so subtle forms of discrimination; they may be afraid of being rejected when going to specialized centers for the elderly, or social and health services. The main reasons for this rejection are ignorance and lack of information. In most of the specialized literature on the elderly, sexual diversity is not included among their characteristics. The aim of this study is to make this group visible to academic institutions, health institutions, geriatric care institutions, and to society in general, so they can be respected as they are and participate in the management and implementation of public policies of reference. The abolition of all forms of discrimination because of sexual orientation or gender identity is the ultimate goal of this work. As an additional source of information, sociological literature on the social construction of old age and sexual diversity was consulted. The work includes a short demographic survey, a supplementary historical analysis of the legislation on homosexuality and the wording of the questions the Spanish Center for Sociological Research uses on its surveys, and basic data on pensions and equal marriage since its legalization in this country in 2005. Primary data was obtained through qualitative techniques such as in-depth interviews and focused or group interviews with twenty gays and lesbians aged 44 to 81, geographically located in the municipalities of Murcia and Madrid, the latter city being where the two group interviews were carried out. Being a relatively new field in the social sciences, there are no quantitative or even qualitative empirical studies that have addressed the issue in Spain. The research indicates that there are features of life common to all elderly people and many more differentiating among them. Age is the greatest equality and it is not equal at all, since this is a group of people who range in age from 50 to 100 or more. Their diversity is as great as that of any sector of society and depends on factors such as economic resources, social relations, whether they reside in a rural or urban area, training received, perceived health, and the eras in which each cohort and each person have developed their own characteristics, according to the social, cultural, and historical events that happened in their childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Among all this diversity, sexual identity and sexual orientation are the least known. This work dispels some stereotypes about aging in general and the aging of homosexual people in particular. It also presents new knowledge that can be useful in improving relations among the elderly themselves and between them and their social environment and specialized institutions.
Clavel, Rojo Araceli. "Conocimiento del paciente acerca de la medicación prescrita : influencia de las fuentes de información y legibilidad de los prospectos." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119646.
Full textThe aim of this PhD research is to assess the factors which influence the patient knowledge of prescribed medication, analyzing sociodemographic and pharmacological variables of the patient, as well as different information sources ( in and outside the care environment) available to patients. It is therefore proposed the assessment of use, legibility and comprehension of the information package leaflet. A survey designed to that effect was used and it included sociodemographic variables of the patient, information of type of medication and length of the treatment, legibility of the information package leaflet (calculated by means of the Flesch-Szigriszt coefficient and Inflesz Scale degree), as well as patient prescribed medication knowledge. A prospectively observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was outlined. The data collection period was January- December 2011. The study population comprises patients and caregivers that went to the pharmacy with medical prescriptions issued by professionals of the Spanish Health Care System. The sample size, 450 users, was calculated for 4% accuracy and a 95% confidence level. The representative sampling of 81,1% patients and 18,9% caregivers, shows an average age of 54,21 years old (SD: 16,86; Range: 15-88), being 66% women. The 8,4% without studies, the 35,6% with primary education, 32% secondary studies and 24% with higher education. A 27,3% was multimedicated. The 51,1% of the respondent did not know the medication prescribed to him, and 25,3% had an unsatisfactory knowledge, 23,3% had a sufficient knowledge and 0,2% (just one patient) had a optimum knowledge. Following the assessment of knowledge by dimensions the Process of Using was the best well known by the patient (64,4%), followed by the Conservation (48%) and the Therapeutic Target. None of the patients answered all questions referred to Security correctly. Examined the regression analysis employed, the factors significantly associated to patient prescribed medication knowledge founded were: patient’s level of studies and reading of the package leaflet. 69,8% of the patients who repeated the medication treatment confirmed to have looked for information out of the care environment, being the information package leaflet, with 89,1%, the most referred source. Regarding package leaflet legibility, Flesch-Szigriszt coefficient was at 57,38 (standard deviation of 4,93%), corresponding to a normal legibility level according to the Inflesz Scale. Nevertheless, 27,5% of the package leaflet was in a level of little difficult legibility , and 1% of very difficult legibility level . On a global level, it can be concluded that 3 of 4 patients have insufficient knowledge about the prescribed medication. Reading the package leaflet (principal source of information referred by the patient, out of the care environment) decrease 1,5 times the risk to unknown the medication prescribed. Regarding level of studies, individuals without studies have 3,5 higher risk to unknown the medication prescribed if compared with individuals with university studies. Security scope is the least well–known by the patient, and therefore should be emphasized with an optimal and effective writing of the package leaflet as it refers to special precautions, adverse effects, contraindications and interactions. The figure of the Community Pharmacist, as the latest health professional before the patient takes the medication prescribed, should take a more active role as a source of information for the patient.
Nieto, Guindo Pablo. "Caracterización nutricional y de calidad de vida en pacientes de esclerosis múltiple." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284959.
Full textCharacterize nutritional condition and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (ME), and their connection with the degree of physical capacity. Material and methods: It was carried out a study of descriptive and transversal type, on which 31 patients diagnosed of Multiple Sclerosis were included. Such patients belonged to the Integral Centre of Neurological Diseases of Albacete city or to the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Almería. For the nutritional characterization it was employed: a) Analytic data (classic biochemistry, lipid profile and hepatic profile; b) Anthropometric measures; c) Questionnaire of consumption frequency; d) 24 hour reminder; e) Nutrition questionnaire “Nutrition Screening Initiative Check List”. For the quality of life characterization it was employed: a) EuroQol-5D questionnaire; b) MSQOl-54 questionnaire; c) Barthel index ; d) Katz index ; e) Tinetti test to assess mobility and walk. Results: 14 patients showed a degree of slight physic disability and 17 patients a degree of moderate-severe disability. Patients with ME showed some values in the analytics (general biochemistry, lipid profile and hepatic profile) within the peak interval, without significant differences between the two study groups. Anthropometric data were similar in both groups. Paying attention to the degree of disability, there were not observed differences either in the nutritional assessment, carried out through Questionnaire of consumption frequency and 24 hour reminder. With regard to macronutrients, it was stressed a high contribution of lipids, mainly saturated fat acids, and a high content in proteins. Besides, it was a poor diet in carbohydrates and a bit low in fibre. With regard to micronutrients, content in zinc, iodine, folate and retinol was also found below the daily requirements. Through Nutrition Screening Initiative Check List Questionnaire it was checked that patients with a degree of moderate-severe disability showed a higher malnutrition risk than patients with a degree of slight physic disability, without that this difference were statistically significant. Patients with a degree of moderate-severe disability showed a lower assessment of quality of life than patients with a degree of slight disability. The dimensions on which there were observed statistically significant differences, were mobility (p=0.028), physic health (p=0.04), energy (p=0.019), health perception (p=0.026), quality of life as a whole (p=0.029) and physic dimension (p=0.026). Mental dimension was not seen so affected by the disability degree. Patients with a degree of moderate-severe disability showed a higher level of dependence than patients with a degree of slight disability, for executing daily life basic activities. With regard to Barthel index, the items more affected were: bathing, mobility, going up/down the stairs, and bladder control. With regard to Katz index, dependence level was higher in patients with a degree of moderate-severe disability, although without reaching the statistic significance. Patients with a degree of slight disability did not showed fall risk, however patients with a degree of moderate-severe disability had a high risk of falls. Conclusions: Nutritional characterization of ME patients is similar to both study groups. There exist imbalances in diet by an insufficient contribution of carbohydrates, zinc, iodine, folate and retinol. On the contrary, there exists a high consumption of proteins and fats. It is recommended to increase fruit consumption, vegetables, wholemeal cereals and to reduce butter consumption, pastries, sausages and other foods rich in saturated fats. Patients with a degree of moderate-severe disability show a worse mark on quality of life, a less capacity to carry out daily life basic activities and a higher risk of falls.
Herrero, Delicado Rafael. "Estudio nutricional de la composición mineral de los arroces de Calasparra." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/370090.
Full textThe rice is one of the most consumed cereals in the world, being the base of the diet of 75% of the world population. The economic and dietetic importance concerning the production and consumption of the rice stimulates the interest for the studies related to its nutritional quality. We seek to support the quality of local varieties, which still possessing minor productive profitability, are in the habit of presenting distinguishing organoleptic characteristics that are positively valued by the consumers and that are intimately associated with the agrarian and economic activity of that geographical area, since it is the case of the Calasparra Designation of Origin (D.O.) rice, produced in the Segura River high meadow area (Spain). The rice production process includes different industrial stages that take as a purpose the total or partial elimination of his husk, part of the germ and external parts of the pericarp, giving place to three principal commercial presentations of the rice: finished, half-finished and milled or integral. This process is fundamental to determine the quality of the rice, since the removal of the external parts of the grain and the treatment of polishing cause the loss of 75% of the dietetic fibre and 50% of the minerals (amongst other nutrients), whereas the integral ones are those that preserve a higher nutritional content. It is equally important to bear in mind that the presence of different components of the dietetic fibre can carry on a negative effect in the absorption of minerals, lowering its nourishing function. The resistant starch (RS) is the fraction of starch that escapes to the digestion in the small intestine, it ferments in the colon, acting like prebiotic and helping the reabsorption of minerals in the colon. In this PhD Thesis it was established as general aim the nutritional study of the mineral composition of the Calasparra Designation of Origin rice, being raw and boiled, and the estimation of its availability by means of the soluble fraction quantification as well as the content determination of total dietetic fibre. To reach this general aim different specific aims appear. First, to analyse the mineral content by spectrophotometry of atomic absorption and to determine the mineral calculation in different types of rice, both raw and boiled, depending on the variety (Bomba and BalillaXSollana), the production (integral, semi-integral or white), of the growing place and type of production (traditional or ecological). Secondly, to determine the mineral solubility (Miller Method), as estimation measure of the availability of these minerals. To know the effect of cooking on the content of dietetic total fibre (FDT), determined by the Prosky Method, and to establish its possible correlation (Pearson) with the mineral solubility. To analyse the content of amylose and RS in the different samples of Calasparra D.O. rice. The mineral profile in the non-cooked samples of Calasparra D.O. rice would be composed by a high content in K and Mg moderated of Zn and Fe, and low on Ca and Na (with dependence of the place of growing, the variety and the degree of production of the samples), presenting a similar profile to described for other commercial rice varieties. The process of the milling is determinant for the mineral content in the samples, being the brown rice the one with a higher content of minerals versus the semi-integral and the white ones, as the minerals are distributed mostly in the husk of the cereals. The kind of cooking also influences the final concentration of the minerals, since on having cooked allowing the complete absorption of the boiling water, the lost minerals by leaching are re-absorbed, reducing the negative effect of the thermal treatment. The mineral availability, using the percentage of soluble mineral as a sign was the highest for K and Mg, followed by Ca, Fe and Zn, being over the mineral solubility in the white rice samples that in those who had not suffered the process of milling. The influence of the FDT content on the mineral solubility in the boiled samples was different according to the case. In the integral samples the solubility of Fe and Zn does not meet affected, due to the wider distribution of these mineral elements in the husk, whereas in the elaborated rice a negative correlation exists between FDT and the solubility of the Mg. It is not expected any positive effect on the RS related with the mineral bioavailability, since after the cooking one the content was very low.
Mogollón, Pérez Amparo Susana. "Acceso de la población desplazada por conflicto armado a los servicios de salud en las empresas sociales del estado de primer nivel de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4604.
Full textMetodología Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo de tipo exploratorio. Se aplicaron tres técnicas: análisis documental, entrevista individual semiestructurada y estudio de caso. La composición final de la muestra fue de 28 documentos: 17 políticas públicas relativas al manejo del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, 11 promulgadas por el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) y 81 informantes procedentes de 3 ESE: gestores (10); profesionales de la salud (25), personal administrativo (18) y usuarios desplazados (28). El estudio de caso correspondió a una mujer desplazada, usuaria de una ESE. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis narrativo del contenido, con una generación mixta de categorías y segmentación por tipo de informantes y categorías. El área de estudio lo constituyeron cuatro localidades de Bogotá. El trabajo de campo se efectuó durante los meses de abril a diciembre de 2003.
Resultados: Son principios orientadores de la política: la definición del desplazamiento forzado como un evento catastrófico, el reconocimiento de la atención en salud como un derecho fundamental, la atención preferencial para la población vulnerable y la gestión interinstitucional. Como objetivos surgen: afiliar a la población desplazada al SGSSS, brindar atención integral en salud y divulgar las políticas existentes. Estos objetivos, junto con los principios se constituyen en facilitadores del acceso potencial a los servicios de salud. No obstante, los procesos establecidos para identificar a los beneficiarios, la falta de claridad en la financiación, la restricción en los servicios garantizados y los cambios continuados en las disposiciones emergen como los factores que desde el contenido de la política y desde la percepción de los distintos actores, restringen el acceso potencial a las ESE. Todos los actores identificaron fallas tanto en la divulgación de la política, como en su implementación a nivel de las diversas instancias. En cuanto a las dificultades procedentes de las instituciones, los gestores y el personal administrativo, indican los límites en la financiación y la facturación de los servicios, en tanto que, el personal de salud y la población desplazada centran su análisis en los problemas para la prestación efectiva del servicio y el acceso geográfico. Los distintos actores coinciden en que el bajo nivel de ingresos del desplazado, unido al bajo nivel de información, a las múltiples necesidades de atención en salud y a la escasez de redes de apoyo social, son los factores relativos a la población desplazada que inciden en su acceso a las ESE.
Conclusiones: Durante el periodo 1997-2003, Colombia realizó un avance significativo en la formulación de la política de atención en salud para la población desplazada, buscando que sus principios y sus alcances, estuvieran acordes con los lineamientos del SGSSS. No obstante, las dificultades para la afiliación y el posterior acceso a las ESE, se constituyen en la principal ruptura que presenta la política. El desconocimiento de los cambios y los alcances de la política de atención en algunos prestadores de servicios y en la gran mayoría de los desplazados, reflejan las fallas del gobierno nacional y las instituciones de salud en su divulgación. La búsqueda del equilibrio financiero de las ESE, se constituye en una de las principales barreras que desde las instituciones limitan la atención integral. Las precarias condiciones económicas son el principal factor que desde los usuarios restringe el acceso potencial y real a las ESE, situación que se complejiza en quienes no han logrado su afiliación al SGSSS.
Objective: To analyse conditions of access to public first level healthcare services (Empresas Sociales del Estado; (ESE) in Bogota, of an internally displaced population due to armed conflict, in order to establish potential areas of improvement
Methods. An exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study was carried out by means of documental analysis, individual semi-structured interviews, and a case study. The final sample was: 28 documents, of which 17 were public policies relating to management of forced displacement in Colombia and 11 policies directly issued by the General Social Security System in Health (SGSSS); 81 informants of 3 different ESE (10 managers; 25 health professionals; 18 administrative staff and 28 internally displaced users); and, a case study of a displaced woman user of an ESE. A narrative content analysis was conducted with a mixed generation of categories and segmentation by types of informants and categories. Four localities of Bogotá made up the area of study. Field work was carried out from April to December 2003.
Results: Definition of forced displacement as a catastrophic event, acknowledgement of health care as a fundamental right, preferential care to vulnerable population and inter-institutional management, are the basic policy principles. The following main objectives emerged: to affiliate internally displaced population to the SGSSS; to provide integral health care to the displaced population; and to disseminate existing policies. Those objectives together with the above mentioned principles can be considered as enabling factors for potential access to healthcare of the displaced population. However, established processes for beneficiaries identification, lack of clarity in financing, restrictions in guaranteed services and continuous changes in dispositions emerged as factors that, from the policy and actors viewpoint, limit potential access to ESE. All actors identified problems in policy dissemination and implementation at the various levels of the system. As barriers to access coming from the health institutions, managers and administrative personnel indicated limits in financing and in actual payment collection, whereas health personnel and service users focused their analysis in the problems for effective care provision and geographical barriers. All actors agreed in considering low income together with lack of information, multiple health needs, and scarce social networks as factors relating the displaced population that affect their access to ESE.
Conclusions: During the period of 1997 to 2003 Colombia experienced significant progress in policy formulation for health care to internally displaced populations, striving for principles and contents in line with those of the SGSSS. However, difficulties in affiliation and subsequent access to ESE constitute the main policy rupture. The lack of knowledge on health care policy changes and contents of part of health personnel and the majority of displaced users indicate Government and health institutions failure in disseminating it. The search for an ESE's economic balance becomes one of the main institutional barriers for integrated health care. Poor economic condition is the main user factor that limits potential and actual access to ESE, condition that becomes more complex among those not affiliated to SGSSS.
Lopez, Herrera Sadith Kry. "Conocimiento del profesional de salud en la prevención de infección de sitio quirúrgico en el servicio de Centro Quirúrgico en el INMP Lima-2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5688.
Full textTrabajo académico
Morocho, Abad Leydi Maritza. "“Estrategias de enseñanza en el manejo de hábitos de higiene y cuidado del ambiente en el área personal social para optimizar aprendizajes de los estudiantes de la I.E. Nº 010 Distrito y Provincia de Piura- 2018”: plan de acción." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10803.
Full textTrabajo académico
Vilchez, Chuquín Deyanira Mireya. "Bioseguridad en la protección personal aplicadas por personal de enfermería para prevenir tuberculosis en emergencias de un hospital de Huancayo - 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7855.
Full textIdentifica las medidas de bioseguridad en el uso de la protección personal aplicadas por el personal de enfermería y así poder contar con una base informativa para que las autoridades respectivas puedan intervenir sobre los resultados obtenidos. El estudio es de tipo básica, descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal. En 60 personales de enfermería mediante técnica de observación, se aplica una lista de cotejo (checklist). Los resultados revelan que el 41% cumplen el uso de gorros descartables y 17% no cumplen. En el cumplimiento de guantes, mandiles y respiradores descartables, 38% tienen un grado de cumplimiento total, 20% un cumplimiento parcial y ninguna persona en el criterio no cumple. La aplicación de las barreras químicas, con cumplimiento de lavados de manos 35% tienen un cumplimiento total, 23% un cumplimiento parcial y ninguna persona en el criterio no cumple.
Trabajo académico
Bojorquez, Rivera Mariela Monica, and Vargas Sonia Elizabeth Rodriguez. "Alteraciones vocales en los profesores del CEENE Fernando Wiese Eslava y del Colegio Antares." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2003. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12594.
Full textTesis de segunda especialidad
Araneda, Beas Edith. "Estado de higiene oral y salud gingival en un grupo de pacientes pediátricos con necesidades especiales de salud, atendidos en el Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río : estudio comparativo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134023.
Full textAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
Introducción: Los niños con Necesidades Especiales de Atención en Salud son aquellos con condiciones físicas, mentales, sensoriales, conductuales, cognoscitivas, con limitantes emocionales e impedimentos que requieren manejo médico, intervención de la atención en salud, y/o uso de programas o servicios especializados. Antecedentes de estudios acerca del estado de higiene oral y gingival en este grupo de niños en Chile son escasos. Objetivo: Describir y Comparar el estado de higiene oral y gingival de un grupo de pacientes pediátricos con Necesidades Especiales de Atención en Salud atendidos en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto del Río, con el de niños sanos, atendidos en la clínica de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile y en el Policlínico de Trauma del Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio comparativo que incluyó a 60 pacientes con Necesidades Especiales de Atención en Salud y 60 pacientes sanos examinados durante 5 meses del año 2009, con edades entre 4 y 14 años. Para determinar el índice de placa bacteriana se utilizó el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHO-S) de Green y Vermillion y para el índice gingival se utilizó el Índice Gingival (IG) de Löe y Sillnes. Resultados: El IHO-S para el grupo de estudio y control fue de 1,046 y de 0,860 respectivamente. El Índice de depósitos duros Simplificado (IDD-S) fue de 0,167 para el grupo de estudio y 0,018 para el grupo control. No existieron en los controles pacientes con niveles de higiene malo o muy malo. El IG fue 1,187 para el grupo estudio y 0,464 para control. En el grupo control no existieron pacientes con inflamación gingival severa. Conclusiones: No existe una diferencia significativa del IHO-S entre los grupos de estudio y control, (p=0,161). Por el contrario si existe diferencia significativa en el IDD-S entre los grupos estudiados, p=0,001. Existieron diferencias significativas entre el IG del grupo estudio y grupo control, p=0,0001. El IG fue mayor para los varones con Necesidades Especiales, mostrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los hombres sanos (p=0,001), así también ocurrió para las mujeres (p=0,002).
Chávez, Dávila Denisse Noemí. "Conocimientos y prácticas de medidas de bioseguridad frente a riesgos biológicos en enfermeras(os) de emergencias del Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz- 2014." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5453.
Full textTrabajo académico
Solà, i. Serrabou Marta. "Influència de dos programes d'entrenament amb relació a les manifestacions de la força a les extremitats inferiors i la qualitat de vida d'un col·lectiu de persones grans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104531.
Full textOrozco, Montes Javier. "Utilidad de la lidocaína intravenosa para reducir la tos tras la extubación en pacientes fumadores intervenidos de cirugía electiva bajo anestesia general." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334164.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to assess whether intravenous lidocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg (ideal weight-adjusted) decreases the risk of cough and its severity after extubation. We also evaluated the effect on respiratory complications, as well as a potential impact with regards to the attenuation of hemodynamic changes and SatO2 that occur after removal of the endotracheal tube, the improvement of the subjective quality of extubation, the reduction of postoperative pharyngeal discomfort and its safety. Material and methods Observational, cohort study carried out from May to September 2015 at Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucia in Cartagena. We consecutively recruited 106 patients who were active smokers (≥ 10 cigarettes/day), aged 18 to 69 years, ASA I-II, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Exclusion criteria were: allergy or contraindication to lidocaine, interruption of smoking, recent infections of respiratory tract, anticipated difficult airway, gastroesophageal reflux, hypersalivation, difficult swallowing, epilepsy, current or previous airway surgery, pregnancy or breastfeeding, and refusal to participate in the study. At the end of the surgery, prior to the administration of neuromuscular blockade reversor, the anesthesiologist administered intravenous lidocaine 1 mg/kg by weight ideal (lidocaine group) or saline (reference group). A blind observer recorded the presence of cough and its severity after extubation. Respiratory complications, the subjective quality of extubation, vital signs, cough during transportation and resuscitation, and pharyngeal discomfort were also recorded. Results The administration of IV lidocaine was associated with a lower probability of cough after extubation in active smokers (OR -odds ratio- = 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.87, p = 0.024). In addition, lidocaine was associated with a reduction of the incidence of moderate to severe cough (OR= 0,28, 95% CI 0,09 – 0,84, p = 0.024). Patients in the lidocaine group had less cough during the transfer to resuscitation (p < 0.001), improved subjective quality of extubation (p = 0.003) and better SatO2 income in resuscitation, without presenting any complication due to its administration. No significant differences are found in the perioperative hemodynamic variations nor in postoperative pharyngeal discomfort. Conclusions Intravenous lidocaine administered prior to extubation has proven to be useful with regards to the appearance and severity of cough after extubation.
Carrera, Blancafort Isabel. "Implementació i avaluació del programa "Vellesa, Activitat Física i Dependència" (VAFiD)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132908.
Full textEl objetivo de esta investigación es definir y evaluar el programa “Vejez, Actividad Física y Dependencia” (VAFiD) para personas mayores en situación de dependencia que viven en residencias u otros centros de atención. Diversos estudios previos han destacado la importancia de la actividad física, también en edades muy avanzadas, por su contribución a la mejora de aspectos relacionados con la salud y la calidad de vida. Los objetivos específicos de esta investigación son: establecer que características debe tener un programa de actividad física para personas mayores en situación de dependencia y qué relación existe entre el proceso de trabajo y los beneficios que obtienen con la participación en él. Más concretamente, se propone comprobar hasta qué punto, participar en el programa contribuye a: la participación activa, la satisfacción personal, la prevención y salud, la competencia funcional y la competencia social de los participantes. Para responder a estas cuestiones se ha definido detalladamente el programa y se ha evaluado utilizando como referencia la evaluación respondiente de Stake y combinando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. El programa se ha sometido a un juicio de expertos y se ha implementado en un grupo de personas mayores de una residencia y un centro de día, desde mayo de 2010 a septiembre de 2011. La evaluación tiene dos dimensiones de análisis: sesión y persona mayor. Se ha realizado a partir de un instrumento construido ad hoc para la observación sistemática de las sesiones filmadas durante la implementación y de instrumentos diversos que se han complementado entre ellos. Los resultados de esta investigación nos indican que el programa es coherente y que contribuye a la participación activa de las personas mayores; que éstas están satisfechas con el programa; que lo comprenden como una fuente de salud y bienestar; que no les aporta muchas mejoras funcionales, predominan el declive por encima de la mejoría; que la competencia funcional está mediatizada por el proceso de trabajo y que los propios participantes situan su percepción de mejora de los aspectos físicos, emocionales y relacionales, pero con poca intensidad. Estos resultados nos sugieren que el VAFiD es un programa de calidad para implementar en grupos de personas mayores en situación de dependencia.
The objective of the research is to define and assess the program “Aging, Physical Activity and Dependence “ (VAFiD in catalan acronyms) addressed to dependent elderly who live in nursing homes or use other geriatric services. Several previous studies have emphasized the importance of the physical activity even in very advanced ages, for its contribution to improve health and quality of life matters. The specific objectives of this research are: to establish what features should have a physical activity program aimed at elderly dependent, identify the relationship between the working process and the benefits obtained, and check how participating in the VAFiD program contributes to an active participation, personal satisfaction, prevention and health, functional competence and social competence of the participants . To answer these questions the program has been carefully defined and has been assessed taking as reference of responsive evaluation from Stake and by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The program has been underwent to a judgment of an expert committee and has been implemented in a group of elderly dependent living in a nursing home or attending a geriatric day care center from May 2010 to September 2011. The assessment includes two dimensions of analysis, session (séance) and old person. It has been carried out by using an ad hoc assessment instrument created in order to make a systematic observation of video-recorded working sessions, and several instruments that complemented each other. The main results of this research shows that the VADiF Program is consistent and contributes to the active participation of elderly dependent, satisfies them and is understood as a source of health and wellness. At the same time, the program doesn´t provide significant functional improvements because functional decline is most powerful. The social competence is influenced by the working process, and the participants refer self-perception of improvements in physical, emotional and relational matters, but in low intensity. Taking these results into account we consider that VADiF is a quality program to implement in groups of elderly dependent.
Sánchez, Polo Andrés José. "Efectos del ejercicio físico y la dieta sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y el peso en sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322074.
Full textLopez, Delgado Juan Felix. "Evaluación del estado nutricional y del riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes del término municipal de Moratalla (Murcia)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/363218.
Full textThe general objectives of this study are the following: a) To assess the health status through anthropometric, clinical and motor competence of a sample of adolescents in the municipality of Moratalla (Murcia). b) To assess their nutritional. And the specific objectives: 1. Know the eating habits of the group, detection of possible inadequate habits and try to improve. 2. Detect nutritional deficiencies, both macro and micronutrients. 3. To determine the incidence of obesity using different anthropometric criteria. 4. Improve the driving competition in the form of physical fitness 5. Improve cardiovascular and health knowledge. 6. To promote healthier living habits in order to manage stress and give up tobacco and alcohol habits. 7. Identify the sample population in different cardiovascular risk factors in relation to age. 8. To assess the possible impact that application of the Physical Activity and Teenage Health (PATH) program has on health. 9. To develop a report anthropometric, clinical, knowledge and individualized for each adolescent fitness studio. 10. Disseminate information. METHODOLOGY Based on a program entitled "Physical Activity and Teenage Health" (PATH). We have evaluated the dietary intake, eating habits, lifestyle, knowledge and cardiovascular health, anthropometric, biochemical, physical activity, level of physical performance, stress and assessment of global cardiovascular risk at an early and final stage. The five theoretic and practical themes that compose the PATH program included by way of introduction of physical education sessions that have developed the study are: A healthy heart; Physical activity and heart; Nutrition; Stress and smoking and heart. CONCLUSIONS. 1. Dietary habits go away from the Mediterranean diet. 2. Adolescents studied show a collective intake of energy, carbohydrates, fiber and ω-3 fatty acids lower than the recommendations, and higher in proteins and lipids. For all this, after the nutritional study it should recommend that population decreased protein and fat intake and increase fiber, ω-3 fatty acids and micronutrients, especially in women. 3. The bioelectrical impedance seems best instrument to assess adolescent overweight and obesity. The assessment of body fat percentage is higher in women and optimal in men and the reference valuesof McCarthy et al. (2006) seems the best approach to evaluate obesity as body fat percentage, which have 22.6% of adolescents, more prominent in women. 4. The program has improved the physical condition of the teenage group and cardiovascular health and knowledge. 5. 25% of adolescents consume alcohol at least 1 time a week, preferably on weekends. The snuff is the second CVRF found in this study, for women. 6. 33% of adolescents in the population has more than one cardiovascular risk factors. Physical inactivity is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, with much higher incidence in women, while in them the most important cardiovascular risk factors are physical inactivity, smoking and stress, in men is smoking, physical inactivity and hypertension. 7. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is much lower than studies of adolescents surveyed. 8. This program has generated a great participation and involvement of the entire education community, especially parents. FINAL CONCLUSION: Based on the above, it shows the interest of including secondary education, if not before, a program like the one considered in the present study to avoid the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors since adolescence.
Milla, Pimentel Mariela. "Alergia a Látex en trabajadores de salud del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen - Essalud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12251.
Full textAnaliza la prevalencia de hipersensibilidad al látex Tipo I (alergia) y Tipo IV en personal sanitario de sala de operaciones del HNGAI y describir las características de los trabajadores alérgicos. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado sobre actividad laboral, antecedentes de atopia, y reporte de manifestaciones alérgicas en relación al uso de guantes de látex. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas con extracto de látex y aeroalergenos y se realizaron determinaciones séricas de IgE Total. Los 75 trabajadores de sala de operaciones contestaron el cuestionario y se realizaron las pruebas alérgicas. Se encontró una prevalencia de sensibilización a látex del 9.3 % y de alergia a látex Tipo I del 2.6%. Se encontraron 27 (36%) casos de dermatitis de contacto en relación al uso de guantes de látex (hipersensibilidad Tipo IV). No se encontró asociación con significancia estadística entre el estado de atopia, más años de servicio laboral, y mayor número de uso de guantes de látex por día con la alergia al látex. Los hallazgos tanto en la prevalencia de sensibilización e Hipersensibilidad Tipo I a los guantes de látex (alergia a látex) y de Hipersensibilidad Tipo IV a los aditivos químicos usados en la manufactura de los guantes de látex, en un hospital peruano nos lleva a tomar medidas preventivas como la utilización de guantes con bajo contenido proteico y sin polvo y de guantes libres de látex en el personal con sensibilización y/o alergia o hipersensibilidad a los guantes de látex.
Trabajo académico
Rodríguez, García Juan Arturo. "Análisis del ausentismo laboral por enfermedad en el personal de SEDAPAL, en el periodo 2001-2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13186.
Full textTrabajo académico
Galián, Muñoz Inmaculada. "Violencia de los usuarios hacia el personal de enfermería : evaluación del riesgo laboral y análisis de las consecuencias psicológicas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/300898.
Full textLa presente tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de la exposición a la violencia de los usuarios del personal de enfermería de los hospitales públicos de la Región de Murcia, ya que el riesgo de violencia laboral presenta una especial importancia en el ámbito sanitario, siendo el colectivo de enfermería uno de los más afectados tal y como se refleja en distintos estudios (Franz, Zeh, Schablon, Kuhnert y Nienhaus, 2010; Kling, Yassi, Smailes, Lovato y Koehoorn, 2009; Roche, Diers, Duffield y Catling-Paull, 2010; Shields y Wilkins, 2009). Los objetivos de este estudio son conocer la exposición a ma¬nifestaciones hostiles de los usuarios hacia los profesionales de enfer¬mería hospitalaria dependientes del Servicio Murciano de Salud (SMS) según variables sociodemográficas y laborales; profundizar en el análisis de la exposición a violencia en el servicio detectado en el capitulo dos como más expuesto (urgencias), valorando, igualmente, la exposición a conductas hostiles según variables sociodemográficas y laborales, e incluyendo la presencia de posibles consecuencias psicológicas, así como una comparativa con los resultados de la muestra total de profesionales de enfermería hospitalaria; y por último, estudiar la relación entre la exposición a violencia y el nivel de burnout, valorando el papel de la satisfacción laboral como variable moduladora entre ambas. Para realizar el estudio se ha llevado a cabo un cuestionario autoaplicado y anónimo en 2010 en el personal de enfermería de todos los hospitales del SMS, para la que se realizó un muestreo aleatorio y estratificado por centros y servicios (30% de los profesionales de enfermería), obteniendo finalmente un tamaño muestral de 1.489 sujetos (nivel de confianza 99%; error muestral 1,75%). De los resultados obtenidos destacar que el 22,8% de los profesionales de enfermería sufrieron semanal o diariamente al menos una de las manifestaciones de violencia verbal o no física recogida en la escala, alcanzando el 71% si consideramos una frecuencia al menos anual. Se han hallado diferencias significativas en las agresiones recibidas según estado civil, edad, hospital, profesión, tipo de contrato, turno, antigüedad en la profesión y servicio, siendo los trabajadores de urgen¬cias los que obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente mayores en la escala. En estos últimos trabajadores se ha detectado que las manifestaciones de violencia más frecuentes a las que han estado expuestos han sido los enfados por la demora de asistencia y por la falta de información, siendo significativamente mayor la exposición en los hospitales de mayor tamaño, enfermeras respecto a auxiliares, y entre las personas que trabajan más horas, existiendo una correlación entre la violencia no física con el grado de burnout, la satisfacción laboral y el bienestar psicológico. Por último, profundizando en la relación entre esta exposición a la violencia y el nivel de burnout, hemos obtenido que el nivel de cinismo de los trabajadores se correlaciona directamente con la frecuencia de exposición a violencia no física cuando los niveles de satisfacción son bajos, pero cuando la satisfacción es alta, sea cual sea la exposición a violencia, se obtienen puntuaciones similares en cinismo. De estos resultados podemos concluir que la distribución del riesgo de exposición a violencia no es homogénea dentro del colectivo de enfermería y por ello es importante detectar aquellos grupos con una mayor exposición, para poder establecer y priorizar las medidas preventivas. Para establecer estos grupos recomendamos detectar donde existe un porcentaje de trabajadores mayor con una exposición alta respecto a una población de referencia. Igualmente aconsejamos incluir, en la planificación de actividades preventivas, actividades no solo dirigidas a una prevención primaria del riesgo, sino también secundaria, que disminuyan las consecuencias psicológicas de la violencia en el trabajador, como puede ser el aumento de la satisfacción extrínseca.
This doctoral thesis focuses on the study of the exposure to user violence of the nurses of public hospitals in the Region of Murcia. The risk of workplace violence is especially relevant in the health sector, because the nursing collective is one of the most affected ones, as reflected in various studies (Franz, Zeh, Schablon, Kuhnert, & Nienhaus, 2010; Kling, Yassi, Smailes, Lovato, & Koehoorn, 2009; Roche, Diers, Duffield, & Catling-Paull, 2010; Shields & Wilkins, 2009). The objectives of this study are: to determine the exposure to hostile user demonstrations of the nursing staff of the Servicio Murciano de Salud (SMS; in English, the Health Service of Murcia), considering socio-demographic and work variables; to analyze in depth the exposure to violence in the service detected as the most exposed (emergencies), also appraising the exposure to hostile behaviors according to socio-demographic and work variables, and including the presence of possible psychological consequences, as well as a comparison with the results of the total sample of hospital nurses; and finally, to study the relationship between exposure to violence and the level of burnout, appraising the role of job satisfaction as a modulating variable between the two. For this purpose, a self-applied, anonymous questionnaire was administered to the nursing staff in all the SMS hospitals, and a randomized, stratified sampling by centers and services (30% of nurses) was conducted, finally obtaining a sample size of 1,489 subjects (99% confidence level; 1.75% sampling error). Among the results obtained, we highlight that 22.8% of the nurses suffered weekly or daily at least one of the expressions of verbal or non-physical violence collected by the scale, reaching 71% if the past year is considered. Significant differences were found in aggressions received according to marital status, age, hospital, profession, type of contract, shift, seniority in the profession and service, with the emergency unit staff obtaining significantly higher scores on the scale. In these latter workers, we detected that the most frequent expressions of violence to which they have been exposed are anger due to the delay in assistance and the lack of information. Exposure was significantly higher in larger hospitals, in nurses compared with auxiliary staff, and among staff who worked more hours, and a correlation between non-physical violence and the degree of burnout job satisfaction, and psychological well-being was found. Finally, examining in greater depth the relationship between exposure to violence and the level of burnout, we found that workers' level of cynicism directly correlates with the frequency of exposure to non-physical violence when job satisfaction levels are low, but when these are high, regardless of exposure to violence, similar scores were obtained in cynicism. On the basis of these results, we can conclude that the distribution of the risk of exposure to violence is not homogenous within the nursing collective and for this reason, it is important to detect the groups with greater exposure in order to establish and prioritize preventive measures. To establish these groups, we recommend detecting workplaces in which there is a greater percentage of workers with high exposure to violence compared to a reference population. We also recommend including in the planning of preventive activities not only activities aimed at primary risk prevention, but also secondary prevention, such as the increase of the extrinsic job satisfaction, which would decrease the psychological consequences of violence in the worker
Fuertes, Gamarra Carmen Rosa. "Relación entre conocimientos y prácticas sobre lavado de manos quirúrgicos del personal de salud del servicio de sala de operaciones del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5882.
Full textTrabajo académico
Maldonado, Colonia Ricardo Ernesto, and Moriak Mariana Ramírez. "Factores presentes en la decisión de compra de productos de cuidado personal masculino en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15347.
Full textTesis
Huamán, Valiente Nelly. "Riesgos laborales de los trabajadores de limpieza pública de la Municipalidad Provincial de Cajamarca 2019." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16825.
Full textMoreno, Rodríguez Pilar. "La educación para la salud en los ciclos medio y superior de educación primaria en la comarca del baix camp." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8942.
Full text-Analizar la EpS de la Educación Secundaria en la comarca del Baix Camp.
-Elaborar un estudio comparativo sobre la EpS escolar que se realiza en EI y EP en las escuelas de la comarca del Baix Camp.
-Realizar análisis de la EpS en la comunidad sanitaria y social del Baix Camp.
Our investigation is orientada to the educative practice that has like objective analyse the Education for the Health in the CM and CS of EP in the comarca of the Baix Camp involving to all the agents of Education for the Health as they are: Professors, students, parents and professional of the Educative Services (social worker of the EAP-, the responsible of the PESE and two inspectores of education of the zone of the Baix Camp.Use the complementarity of the methods cuantitativo and cualitativo. Being able to conclude that the EpS that realize in the school is arbitrary depends of the ideosincracia of the centre that carry to term or no, of how realize and of the material to use.
Being the contents of EpS that more treat are: cleaning and personal hygiene and alimentación and those that least are: prevention of drogodependencias and sexual health.
They elaborate two aportaciones of improvement to level of the Department of Education and University and developed the bases of a Project in EpS.
And for finalizar constituted the axes for future studies:
-Analyse the EpS of the Secondary Education in the comarca of the Baix Camp. -
-Elaborate a comparative study on the EpS school that realize in EI and EP in the schools of the comarca of the Baix Camp.
-Realize analysis of the EpS in the sanitary and social community of the Baix Camp
Our investigation is oriented to the educative practice that have as objective to analyse the Health Education in the Primary Schools and concretely in the medium and superior cycle of Baix Camp region, involving to all the agents of the Health Education: teachers, students, parents and professional of the Services (social worker of the EAP, the responsible of the PESE and two supervisor of education on the Baix Camp region.
We have used quantitative and qualitative methodologies. We can conclude that s that the EpS that realize in the school is arbitrary depends of the ideosincracia of the centre that carry to term or no, of how realize and of the material to use. Being the contents of EpS that more treat are: cleaning and personal hygiene and alimentation and those that least are: prevention of drugs and sexual health.
They elaborate two contribution of improvement to level of the Department of Education and University and developed the bases of a Project in EpS.
And to end constituted the axes for future studies:
-Analyse the EpS of the Secondary Education of Baix Camp region.
-Elaborate a comparative study on the Health Education school that realize in EI and EP in the schools of Baix Camp region.
-Realize analysis of the EpS in the sanitary and social community of Baix Camp region.