Academic literature on the topic 'Hill, conditions de'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hill, conditions de"
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Liu, Hu, and Wang. "Large Eddy Simulations of the Flow Fields over Simplified Hills with Different Roughness Conditions, Slopes, and Hill Shapes: A Systematical Study." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 3413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183413.
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Turbulent flow fields over topographies are important in the area of wind energy. The roughness, slope, and shape of a hill are important parameters affecting the flow fields over topographies. However, these effects are always examined separately. The systematic investigations of these effects are limited, the coupling between these effects is still unrevealed, and the turbulence structures as a function of these effects are still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the flow fields over twelve simplified isolated hills with different roughness conditions, slopes, and hill shapes are examined using large eddy simulations. The mean velocities, velocity fluctuations, fractional speed-up ratios, and visualizations of the turbulent flow fields are presented. It is found that as the hill slope increases, the roughness effects become weaker, and the roughness effects will further weaken as the hill changes from 3D to 2D. In addition, the fractional speed-up ratio at the summit of rough hills can even reach to three times as large as that over the corresponding smooth hills. Furthermore, the underestimation of the ratios of spanwise fluctuation to the streamwise fluctuation by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-1 is quite obvious when the hill shape is 3D. Finally, coherent turbulence structures can be identified for smooth hills, and as the hill slope increases, the coherent turbulence structures will experience clear evolutions. After introducing the ground roughness, the coherent turbulence structures break into small eddies.
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Barker, J. D., C. Smith, and N. Bateman. "Crossbred Ewes for Hill Conditions." BSAP Occasional Publication 10 (1985): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00030950.
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Snyder, William H., Roger S. Thompson, Robert E. Eskridge, Robert E. Lawson, Ian P. Castro, J. T. Lee, Julian C. R. Hunt, and Yasushi Ogawa. "The structure of strongly stratified flow over hills: dividing-streamline concept." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 152 (March 1985): 249–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112085000684.
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In stably stratified flow over a three-dimensional hill, we can define a dividing streamline that separates those streamlines that pass around the hill from those that pass over the hill. The height Hs of this dividing streamline can be estimated by Sheppard's simple energy argument; fluid parcels originating far upstream of a hill at an elevation above Hs have sufficient kinetic energy to rise over the top, whereas those below Hs must pass around the sides. This prediction provides the basis for analysing an extensive range of laboratory observations and measurements of stably stratified flow over a variety of shapes and orientations of hills and with different upwind density and velocity profiles. For symmetric hills and small upwind shear, Sheppard's expression provides a good estimate for Hs. For highly asymmetric flow and/or in the presence of strong upwind shear, the expression provides a lower limit for Hs. As the hills become more nearly two-dimensional, these experiments become less well defined because steady-state conditions take progressively longer to be established. The results of new studies are presented here of the development of the unsteady flow upwind of two-dimensional hills in a finite-length towing tank. These measurements suggest that a very long tank would be required for steady-state conditions to be established upstream of long ridges with or without small gaps and cast doubt upon the validity of previous laboratory studies.
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Jia, Zhen Zhen, and Tao Feng. "Analysis on Explosion Characteristics of Coal Gangue Hills." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.924.
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In the process of the coal gangue hill explosion, a lot of harmful gases can be released, which seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment and is harmful to people’s health; meanwhile, equipments and the surrounding buildings can also be destroyed, which brings huge economic losses and casualties. In addition, social problems caused by coal gangue hills will become a thorny problem for coal enterprises. Therefore, the influencing factors on the coal gangue hill explosion, the explosion characteristics and laws, and the spontaneous combustion process of the coal gangue hill are analyzed; the coal gangue hill explosion are discussed from the arch shell theory, the bottom air leakage and oxygen supply, rainfall, detonating gas explosion, and chain reaction; the conditions, influencing factors and characteristics of the coal gangue hill explosion are obtained.
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Sun, Menghan, and Hui Qi. "Scattering of Antiplane SH Waves by Complex Landforms." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9997230.
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The multiple scattering of SH waves by isosceles triangular hill, semicircle depression, and isosceles trapezoidal hill in the solid half-space is studied. The complex model is divided into multiple subdomains by using the region matching method, then the wave functions in each subdomain are constructed by using the fractional-order Bessel function, and finally, the infinite algebraic equations for solving the unknown coefficients in the wave function are established by using the multipolar coordinate technique and the complex function method according to the boundary conditions. Fourier series is used to solve the unknown undetermined coefficients. The results show that due to the multiple reflections of the incident wave between complex landforms, surface displacement amplitude is affected by the incident angle, incident frequency, and the distance between the isosceles triangular hill, semicircle depression, and isosceles trapezoidal hill. It is found that when the incident frequency increases, there is a certain amplification effect between the hills and the depression. When the wave is incident horizontally, there is a certain “barrier” effect between hills and depression, and when the distance between the hills and depression reaches a certain level, the “barrier” effect will reach a stable value.
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Oladosu, Yusuff, M. Y. Rafii, Usman Magaji, Norhani Abdullah, Gous Miah, Samuel C. Chukwu, Ghazali Hussin, Asfaliza Ramli, and Isiaka Kareem. "Genotypic and Phenotypic Relationship among Yield Components in Rice under Tropical Conditions." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8936767.
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The associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence on rice grain yield were investigated. This evaluation is important to determine the direct and indirect effects of various traits on yield to determine selection criteria for higher grain yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated under tropical condition at five locations in two planting seasons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications across the locations. Data were collected on vegetative and yield components traits. The pooled data based on the analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences (p<0.001) among the fifteen genotypes for all the characters studied except for panicle length and 100-grain weight. Highly significant and positive correlations at phenotypic level were observed in grain weight per hill (0.796), filled grains per panicle (0.702), panicles per hill (0.632), and tillers per hill (0.712) with yield per hectare, while moderate positive correlations were observed in flag leaf length to width ratio (0.348), days to flowering (0.412), and days to maturity (0.544). By contrast, unfilled grains per panicle (-0.225) and plant height (-0.342) had a negative significant association with yield per hectare. Filled grains per panicle (0.491) exhibited the maximum positive direct effect on yield followed by grain weight per hill (0.449), while unfilled grain per panicle (-0.144) had a negative direct effect. The maximum indirect effect on yield per hectare was recorded by the tillers per hill through the panicles per hill. Therefore, tillers per hill, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill could be used as selection criteria for improving grain yield in rice.
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Goddard, P. J., A. R. Fawcett, and A. J. Macdonald. "The adaptation of hill lambs to housing conditions." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58, no. 3-4 (July 1998): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(97)00147-0.
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Xiu, Da. "Research on Reservoir Conditions of Buried Hill Reservoirs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 252 (July 9, 2019): 052011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/252/5/052011.
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Narjisse, Amahjour, and Khamlichi Abdellatif. "Assessment of RANS turbulence closure models for predicting airflow in neutral ABL over hilly terrain." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 12, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2021.00264.
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AbstractImplementing wind farms in heights of a hilly terrain where wind speed is expected to be large may be viewed as a means to increase wind energy production without occupying fertile lands. Micro sitting of a wind farm in these conditions can gain dramatically from CFD simulation of fluid flow in the ABL above complex topography. However, this issue still poses tough challenges regarding the turbulence model to be used and the way to operate the near wall treatment in the presence eventually of separation. In this work, prediction capacity of RANS turbulence models was studied for a typical hill under the assumption of steady state and incompressible airflow regime in neutral ABL. Two models were analyzed by using COMSOL Multiphysics software packages. These included standard , and shear-stress transport . The most up-to-date procedures dedicated to near wall treatment were applied along with refined closer coefficients adjusted for the particular case of ABL. Considering wind tunnel test data, performance of the previous models was discussed in terms of converging mesh, computational time, reattachment point position and propensity of the model to retrieve the right level of turbulence flow in conditions of neutral stratifications. Then, a numerical simulation of the turbulent airflow over two slopes shapes of the symmetry hill by the validation of the experimental data has been then carried out. Both turbulence models agree well with air-velocity tested windward of the hills H3 and H5. Therefore, it was found that the standard model performs very well at the different positions of the low slope hill, and at the summit of a steep hill, but it over-predicts wind speed close to the wall, which requires an improvement of the near-wall treatment. However, the model in neutral case of the ABL was given consistent simulation results with experimental data for prediction of the flow separation and recirculation region at the leeward side of a steep hill, whereas standard model under the neutral condition and the model by using standard coefficients were failed to predict accurately detailed characteristics of recirculation region process.
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Dawson, L. E. R., and A. F. Carson. "The effects of genotype of crossbred ewes, evaluated under lowland conditions, on lamb output." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200000685.
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Lowland sheep farmers in Northern Ireland depend heavily on the hill sector for replacement breeding ewes. Thus changes in the genetics of the ewes and rams used in the hills are likely to have major implications on the performance of lowland breeding ewes. Crossbred females were produced in the study by Carson et al. (2000) as a result of crossing Scottish Blackface and Wicklow Cheviot ewes with a range of sire breeds. The objective of this study was to provide information on the productivity of these crossbred females for lowland producers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hill, conditions de"
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Rolston, Imara Ajani. "Between the brick and the ballot : exploring community conversations, HIV prevention, and structural violence in the Ingquza Hill municipality of South Africa's Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3692/.
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The prevailing prevention literature has increasingly expanded the scope of HIV/AIDS drivers beyond the behavioural and social to encompass an increasing focus on the structural drivers of AIDS. Throughout the structural drivers literature is an emphasis on the need for upstream interventions that shape policy and influence political processes (Gibbs et al 2012; Hunsman 2012; Parkhurst 2013). Some of the literature recommends an emphasis on promoting political processes that catalyse political change and address underlying forms of inequality (Heise and Watts 2013; Gibbs et al 2012). This literature dovetails with literature that advocates for an increasing emphasis on the political determinants of health in health promotions programming (Ottersen et al 2014). At the same time new directions in the HIV/AIDS preventative community mobilization literatures has emphasized the need to rethink and re-conceptualise community mobilization in the 21st century (Campbell 2014). More broadly systematic reviews of the literature suggest the need for an increasing focus on community mobilization efforts that respond to and influence the political context of health (Cornish et al 2014). This dissertations aims to influence and inform the space between these literatures through an empirical look into the convergence of the Nelson Mandela Foundations (NMF) Community Conversations political animus and a historical and present day reading of the ways in which structural forms of violence (Galtung 1969) continue to be inscribed into the life trajectories of residents/citizens living in Ingquza Hill, South Africa. The findings in this dissertation are based on narrative analyses of N = 63 life histories and semi-structured interviews conducted with residents, CC facilitators and participants, and local influential stakeholders that directly experienced, lived, and embodied this convergence throughout the dialogical and actioned oriented phases of the Community Conversations process. Findings suggest that the basis for re-conceptualising of community mobilization for the 21st century be predicated on a more politicized framing of HIV/AIDS along with a more explicit and intentional valuation of the intersection between the social and political determinants of health in programmes that employ community mobilization. Intersecting social and political power dynamics play a significant role in both opening up and the cultivation of civic spaces that promote responsive and inclusionary forms of local governance and decision-making. This in part entails an increased emphasis on the creation of accompaniment oriented socio-political technologies that intentionally support the cultivation of health enabling democracy.
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Pieterse, Jacobus Erasmus. "CFD investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer under different thermal stability conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80024.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An accurate description of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is a prerequisite for computational fluid dynamic (CFD) wind studies. This includes taking into account the thermal stability of the atmosphere, which can be stable, neutral or unstable, depending on the nature of the surface fluxes of momentum and heat. The diurnal variation between stable and unstable conditions in the Namib Desert interdune was measured and quantified using the wind velocity and temperature profiles that describe the thermally stratified atmosphere, as derived by Monin- Obukhov similarity theory. The implementation of this thermally stratified atmosphere into CFD has been examined in this study by using Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. The maintenance of the temperature, velocity and turbulence profiles along an extensive computational domain length was required, while simultaneously allowing for full variation in pressure and density through the ideal gas law. This included the implementation of zero heat transfer from the surface, through the boundary layer, under neutral conditions so that the adiabatic lapse rate could be sustained. Buoyancy effects were included by adding weight to the fluid, leading to the emergence of the hydrostatic pressure field and the resultant density changes expected in the real atmosphere. The CFD model was validated against measured data, from literature, for the flow over a cosine hill in a wind tunnel. The standard k-ε and SST k-ω turbulence models, modified for gravity effects, represented the data most accurately. The flow over an idealised transverse dune immersed in the thermally stratified ABL was also investigated. It was found that the flow recovery was enhanced and re-attachment occurred earlier in unstable conditions, while flow recovery and re-attachment took longer in stable conditions. It was also found that flow acceleration over the crest of the dune was greater under unstable conditions. The effect of the dune on the flow higher up in the atmosphere was also felt at much higher distances for unstable conditions, through enhanced vertical velocities. Under stable conditions, vertical velocities were reduced, and the influence on the flow higher up in the atmosphere was much less than for unstable or neutral conditions. This showed that the assumption of neutral conditions could lead to an incomplete picture of the flow conditions that influence any particular case of interest.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Akkurate beskrywing van die atmosferiese grenslaag (ABL) is 'n voorvereiste vir wind studies met berekenings-vloeimeganika (CFD). Dit sluit in die inagneming van die termiese stabiliteit van die atmosfeer, wat stabiel, neutraal of onstabiel kan wees, afhangende van die aard van die oppervlak vloed van momentum en warmte. Die daaglikse variasie tussen stabiele en onstabiele toestande in die Namib Woestyn interduin is gemeet en gekwantifiseer deur gebruik te maak van die wind snelheid en temperatuur profiele wat die termies gestratifiseerde atmosfeer, soos afgelei deur Monin-Obukhov teorie, beskryf. Die implementering van hierdie termies gestratifiseerde atmosfeer in CFD is in hierdie studie aangespreek deur gebruik te maak van RANS turbulensie modelle. Die handhawing van die temperatuur, snelheid en turbulensie profiele in die lengte van 'n uitgebreide berekenings domein is nodig, en terselfdertyd moet toegelaat word vir volledige variasie in die druk en digtheid, deur die ideale gaswet. Dit sluit in die implementering van zero hitte-oordrag vanaf die grond onder neutrale toestande sodat die adiabatiese vervaltempo volgehou kan word. Drykrag effekte is ingesluit deur die toevoeging van gewig na die vloeistof, wat lei tot die ontwikkeling van die hidrostatiese druk veld, en die gevolglike digtheid veranderinge, wat in die werklike atmosfeer verwag word. Die CFD-model is gevalideer teen gemete data, vanaf die literatuur, vir die vloei oor 'n kosinus heuwel in 'n windtonnel. Die standaard k-ε en SST k-ω turbulensie modelle, met veranderinge vir swaartekrag effekte, het die data mees akkuraat voorgestel. Die vloei oor 'n geïdealiseerde transversale duin gedompel in die termies gestratifiseerde ABL is ook ondersoek. Daar is bevind dat die vloei herstel is versterk en terug-aanhegging het vroeër plaasgevind in onstabiele toestande, terwyl vloei herstel en terug-aanhegging langer gevat het in stabiele toestande. Daar is ook bevind dat vloei versnelling oor die kruin van die duin groter was onder onstabiele toestande. Die effek van die duin op die vloei hoër op in die atmosfeer is ook op hoër afstande onder onstabiele toestande gevoel, deur middel van verhoogte vertikale snelhede. Onder stabiele toestande, is vertikale snelhede verminder, en die invloed op die vloei hoër op in die atmosfeer was veel minder as vir onstabiel of neutrale toestande. Dit het getoon dat die aanname van neutrale toestande kan lei tot 'n onvolledige beeld van die vloei toestande wat 'n invloed op 'n bepaalde geval kan hê.
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Hamadi, Kamel. "Modélisation des bifurcations et des instabilités dans les géomatériaux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1026.
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Les problèmes d'analyse de stabilité ont longtemps été étudiés dans le cadre de la théorie classique de la plasticité. Cette théorie fait souvent l'hypothèse de l'associativité du comportement des matériaux. Or des instabilités et des bifurcations peuvent se développer à l'intérieur strict du critère limite de plasticité dans la mesure où le matériau est "non associé". Ainsi, de nouvelles approches sont nécessaires pour prendre en compte ces modes de rupture. Le but de ce travail est donc l'étude d'un indicateur de stabilité dans les ouvrages géotechniques. Ces travaux sont basés sur le critère de Hill, qui repose sur le signe du travail de second ordre à l'échelle locale et globale. Ainsi, nous montrons que cette condition permet d'analyser le comportement instable des matériaux granulaires. En effet, les principaux résultats de l'analyse détaillée des conditions d'instabilité pour le modèle élastoplastique de l'ECP, couramment connu comme modèle de Hujeux, ont mis en évidence un large domaine potentiellement instable et l'existence d'un seul cône de directions instables avant d'atteindre la condition limite de plasticité. De plus, l'introduction de ce modèle dans un code de calcul aux éléments finis GEFDYN (développé à l'Ecole Centrale Paris) a permis la modélisation des instabilités dans les essais biaxiaux et dans plusieurs configurations géotechniques. Cela a permis de dégager les différents mécanismes déclenchant l'instabilité. De plus, la capacité du travail de second ordre à être un indicateur de stabilité est testée. Enfin, l'incidence de l'eau et de son écoulement éventuel sur les critères de rupture est analyséeFor a long time, problems of stability analysis have been studied in the framework of the classical theory of plasticity. These analyses are often based on the associative hypothesis of material behaviour. However, some instabilities and bifurcations can occur strictly inside of the plasticity criterion in so far as the material is non associated. Then, new approaches are necessary to take into account these failure modes. The aim of this work is thus to develop an indicator of stability for soils. It is shown that Hill's condition of stability (positiveness of the second order work) allows to exhibit the unstable behaviour of granular materials. Indeed, the results from the detailed analysis of the instability conditions for the ECP elastoplastic model, commonly known as the Hujeux model, highlighted a large domain potentially unstable and the existence of a cone of unstable directions before the limit plasticity condition. Moreover, the introduction of this model in a finite element software with coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour (GEFDYN, Ecole Centrale Paris) is described. The analysis of stability with this model is first applied to a biaxial test with plane strain conditions and then to geotechnical stability problems. This study allows to underline the various mechanisms initiating the instability. Moreover, the capacity of the second order work criterion to be an indicator of stability is tested. Finally, the incidence of water and its possible flow on the failure criteria is analyzed
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M'Buka, Attlee Charles. "Methamphetamine addiction : towards a prevention strategy in a ministerial approach to substance abuse during mid-adolescence within the Lavender Hill setting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86356.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Motivated by the observation that children living in the Western Cape face challenges relating to methamphetamine (tik) abuse, this research attempts to develop and propose a strategy that can be used in preventing mid-adolescents from engaging in tik use. To develop this strategy, a contextual analysis and hermeneutical process of the life of mid- adolescents and the environment in which tik abuse is occurring was initially undertaken. Through a contextual analysis of children living in Lavender Hill and surrounding areas, it was discovered that most children were attracted to tik due to the influence of modern technology, rampant poverty, the cheap cost of the drug, dysfunctionality of families, influence of gangs and lack of recreation facilities. Acknowledging that adolescence is an important stage in the formation of the character of any individual, this research attests that adolescents who use and abuse tik are those who do not have an enabling family and societal environment. It is suggested in this research that the Church can play a pivotal role in creating a socio-spiritual environment that would enable adolescents to develop themselves in such a manner that they do not need to use tik, or any other drug for that matter. This research thus develops a prevention strategy for dealing with tik abuse during mid- adolescence. This preventive strategy centres on the Church being of service to others. Based on a literature research conducted on the Lavender Hill community of the Cape Flats, this research proposes practical recommendations that could help different Christian churches in the fight against methamphetamine use by mid-adolescents. These recommendations attempt to involve different members of the community in the spirit that John Mbiti encapsulates in the proverb ―We are therefore I am‖. In this all- inclusive endeavour, this research supposes that if a community is properly functioning, it is possible for it to weed out unwanted elements in a manner that protects all its members, particularly the young.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op die vraagstuk van Metamfetamien-verslawing onder jeuggroepe binne die konteks van die Kaapse Vlakte met ‘n besondere fokus op die Lavender Hill- area. Daar is besluit om op middel-adolessensie te fokus omdat dit die fase is waarin jongmense uiters broos is en veral vatbaar is vir buite-invloede. Dit is ook die fase waarin vaste gedragspatrone binne identiteitsvorming vasgelê word. Die oogmerk was om veral op voorkomingstrategieë binne gemeentelike verband te fokus ten einde die pastorale bediening van die problematiek bewus te maak. Omdat verslawing ingebed is binne plaaslike kultuurkontekste, is besluit om aan te sluit by ‘n sosiaal-kontekstuele analise. Metamfetamien (of tik) raak betekenisraamwerke asook die mens se soeke na erkenning en aanvaarding. Vandaar die keuse vir ‘n kwalitatiewe benadering in aansuiting by ‘n pastoraal-hermeneutiese metodologie. Die sosiaal-kontekstuele analise in die Lavender Hill-area het aangetoon dat veral die sopsiale media en tegnologie ‘n groot rol speel in die gebruik van tik onder kinders. Binne ‘n armoedekultuur en die impak van gesinsverbrokkeling op jongmense se identiteitsontwikkeling, veral binne die bruingemeenskap, word ‘n teelaarde vir dwelmisbruik geskep. Tik is bekostigbaar en die situasie word deur bendes (gangsters) uitgebuit. Daar is ook bevind dat omgewingsfaktore ‘n bydraende rol speel, veral die gebrek aan doeltreffende ontspanningsgeriewe. As gevolg van die gebrek aan voldoende sosiale en familiale ondersteuningstrukture, word persoonslikheidsontwikkeling en karaktervorming hierdeur nadelig beïnvloed. Teen hierdie agtergrond stel die studie voor dat die kerk binne gemeenteverband as ‘n soort ‘familie‘ gestruktureer moet word. Die kerk is die skakel tussen die sosiale dimensie en spirituele raamwerke. Die gemeentelike bediening moet derhalwe by identiteitsontwikkeling betrokke wees ten einde voorkomend op te tree. Kerklike voorkomingstrategieë moet gekoppel wees aan die ekklesiale modus van diakonale uitreik ondanks religieuse and kulturele grense. In dié verband moet verskillende denomenasies hande vat en ook intensief saaamwerk met plaaslike gemeenskapsleiers. Dit is hier waar die Afrika-spiritualiteit , soos onder andere deur John Mbiti geformuleer, ‘n deurslaggewende rol kan speel, naamlik: ons bestaan vir mekaar, daarom leef ek as individu en bestaan ek as mens. Hierdeur word ‘n inklusiewe benadering geprofileer wat die gemeenskap inskakel ten einde die euwel van tik doeltreffend te bestry.
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Zulbati, Petrillo Fabio. "P-T-fluid conditions of an end-Archaean granulite-facies metamorphism in the Vestfold Hills, East Antartica." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13259.
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Loukrati, Hicham. "Tail Empirical Processes: Limit Theorems and Bootstrap Techniques, with Applications to Risk Measures." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37594.
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Au cours des dernières années, des changements importants dans le domaine des assurances et des finances attirent de plus en plus l’attention sur la nécessité d’élaborer un cadre normalisé pour la mesure des risques. Récemment, il y a eu un intérêt croissant de la part des experts en assurance sur l’utilisation de l’espérance conditionnelle des pertes (CTE) parce qu’elle partage des propriétés considérées comme souhaitables et applicables dans diverses situations. En particulier, il répond aux exigences d’une mesure de risque “cohérente”, selon Artzner [2]. Cette thèse représente des contributions à l’inférence statistique en développant des outils, basés sur la convergence des intégrales fonctionnelles, pour l’estimation de la CTE qui présentent un intérêt considérable pour la science actuarielle. Tout d’abord, nous développons un outil permettant l’estimation de la moyenne conditionnelle E[X|X > x], ensuite nous construisons des estimateurs de la CTE, développons la théorie asymptotique nécessaire pour ces estimateurs, puis utilisons la théorie pour construire des intervalles de confiance. Pour la première fois, l’approche de bootstrap non paramétrique est explorée dans cette thèse en développant des nouveaux résultats applicables à la valeur à risque (VaR) et à la CTE. Des études de simulation illustrent la performance de la technique de bootstrap.
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Yassaghi, Ali. "Geometry, kinematics, microstructure, strain analysis, and P-T conditions of the shear zones and associated ductile thrusts in the southern Mt. Lofty Ranges/Adelaide Hills area, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phy29.pdf.
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Lohse, Holger. "Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung ausgewählter Pflanzenarten im Erzgebirge und Hügelland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung veränderter Klimaverhältnisse." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232360.
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In der Dissertation wird untersucht, ob die bereits eingetretenen Änderungen des Klimas und weiterer Standortsfaktoren im Erzgebirge und vorgelagertem Hügelland zu Verlagerungen der Verbreitungsschwerpunkte von Pflanzenarten in ihrer Höhenverbreitung geführt haben. Eine weitere Untersuchungsfrage ist die Begünstigung oder Gefährdung bestimmter Arten infolge der Standortsänderungen. Betrachtet werden 27 Pflanzenarten, sowohl Baum- und Straucharten als auch krautige Pflanzen.
Zur Klärung der Fragen werden die Zeiträume 1946 – 1980 und 1981 – 2015 verglichen. Die Auswertung erfolgt auf der Basis von Messtischblatt-Viertelquadranten für die Standortsfaktoren mittlere Meereshöhe, Jahresmitteltemperatur, durchschnittlicher Jahresniederschlag sowie vorherrschender Bodentyp. In der Diskussion werden zusätzlich die Veränderungen in der Land-, Forst- und Jagdwirtschaft sowie die Wirkungen der Immissionsbelastungen und Bodenschutzkalkungen betrachtet.
Schwerpunkte umfangreicher statistischer Auswertungen sind die Analyse der Verbreitung in den Untersuchungszeiträumen und die Ermittlung der Wahrscheinlichkeit von Artvorkommen.
Eine gesonderte Fragestellung ist die genetische Untersuchung von Prunus padus. Dazu wurden Vorkommen im Tief-, Hügel- und Bergland ausgewählt.
Der bisherige Anstieg der Jahresmitteltemperaturen hat nicht grundsätzlich zu einer Verschiebung der Verbreitungsschwerpunkte in höhere Gebirgslagen geführt. Die Pflanzenarten können hinsichtlich ihrer Verbreitung sowie im Vergleich der Untersuchungsperioden in Gruppen geordnet werden.
Bei einigen Pflanzenarten, die in höhere Lagen des Untersuchungsgebietes vordringen, fällt eine enge Bindung der Vorkommenswahrscheinlichkeit an den Faktor Jahresmitteltemperatur auf. Andererseits werden bislang submontan bis montan verbreitete Arten nicht generell in die Hochlagen zurückgedrängt. Die Wirkungen der Klimaänderung können deshalb nicht losgelöst von anderen Faktoren beurteilt werden.
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Schumann, Sybille A. "Research on hydrological processes and pesticide behaviour in irrigated, terraced catchments in the Mid-Hills of Nepal : a collaborative project on environmental risks of pesticides and sustainable development of integrated pesticide management systems (IPMS) in Nepal considering socio-economic conditions /." Clausthal-Zellerfeld : Papierflieger, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/476541220.pdf.
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Joud, Didier. "Complexe morphogénétique, historique et écologique des écosystèmes forestiers "hydromorphes" des plateaux et terrasses du Bas-Dauphiné." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10069.
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Ce travail, visant la complexite morphogenetique, historique et ecologique des forets hydromorphes developpees sur les limons des plateaux et terrasses du bas-dauphine, s'inscrit dans le cadre des etudes des relations vegetation - sol - milieu - fonctionnement. Le facteur temps (paleopedogeneses) et l'anthropisation (importance des taillis de chataignier) sont integres et hierarchises dans cette approche ecologique et fonctionnelle des ecosystemes forestiers. Les forets sur limons sont toutes developpees sur des sols de type pseudogley ou redoxisol, a caracteres morphologiques engendres par les processus d'hydromorphie : traces d'oxydo-reduction, concretions ferro-manganiques, glosses ou langues de degradation. Or la diversite floristique, traduisant des differences de fonctionnement des ecosystemes, s'oppose a cette homogeneite morphologique des profils. Suite a l'analyse phytoecologique des forets collineennes sur materiaux tertiaires et quaternaires du piemont des alpes septentrionales francaises, cinq stations hydromorphes sur limons sont mises en evidence (rattachees aux lonicero periclymeni-carpinenion betuli rameau 81 et aux quercenion robori-petraeae (br. -b1. 32) rivas-martinez 82), definies et determinees par le pedoclimat (regime hydrique) et l'acidite minerale. Le fonctionnement des forets hydromorphes est interprete par : - analyse et hierarchisation des facteurs du milieu en fonction de leur role sur le determinisme stationel : geomorphologie, topographie, microtopographie et diversite lithologiqaue (synthese des travaux de bornand (1978) sur les alterites des materiaux fluvio-glaciaires et molassiques - etude physico-chimique et micromorphologique de coupes de limons polyphases), - caracterisation phytoecologique et pedologique des stations. La pedogenese actuelle et le fonctionnement hydrodynamique des sols, masques par l'heritage de paleopedogeneses, sont abordes a l'aide d'indices granulometriques et cristallochimiques (distribution des formes du fer, type et evolution des mineraux argileux). Les divergences morphologie/pedogenese, donc les differences pedoclimatiques des stations forestieres, sont verifiees par l'analyse comparee de profils de porosites : l'hydromorphie est, soit de surface (pedoclimat contraste - pseudogley), soit profonde ou fossile (pedoclimat non contraste - sol lessive a pseudogley ou sol brun).
Books on the topic "Hill, conditions de"
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Martin, David R., and Terry Meagher. Hill County: Montana county statistical report. Helena, Mont: Census and Economic Information Center, Montana Dept. of Commerce, 1996.
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1965-, Wursta Steve, and Siemer Nan 1957-, eds. Washington: City on a hill. Memphis, TN: Towery Pub., 1997.
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Panday, Devendra Raj. Chittagong Hill Tracts: Displacement, migration & accomodation. Colombo: International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hill, conditions de"
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Sharma, Neelam, S. S. Rana, Rajender Kumar, and Shobha Sondhia. "Herbicide Residues in Rice–Wheat System under North–Western Mid-Hill Conditions." In Herbicide Residue Research in India, 261–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1038-6_8.
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Joshi, Udit, D. K. Rana, T. S. Bisht, and Vivek Singh. "Varietal Evaluation in Okra for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits Under Mid-Hill Conditions of Garhwal Himalayas." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 413–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79065-3_32.
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Goel, Lalit, R. K. Sharma, and Vijay Shankar. "Effect of Use of Crop Residues (Waste Materials) on Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature in Potato Crop Under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 35–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02707-0_5.
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Krenn, Stephan, Krzysztof Pietrzak, and Akshay Wadia. "A Counterexample to the Chain Rule for Conditional HILL Entropy." In Theory of Cryptography, 23–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36594-2_2.
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Kumar, Sanjeev. "Problems and Prospects of Agricultural Marketing in Hills of Himachal Pradesh." In Agribusiness Development Planning and Management. New Delhi Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30954/ndp.agribusiness.2020.2.
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Agricultural marketing plays a crucial role in accelerating the economic development of hill agriculture. An efficient agriculture marketing system is supposed to add to the welfare of producers as well as consumers. It helps in the optimization of resource use, output management, increase in farm incomes, widening of markets, growth of agro-based industry, addition to national income through value addition and employment creation. India is a country with diverse agro-climatic endowments; conditions under which agriculture in the plains and hills present differing scenario. The mountainous region of the country has tremendous potential or cultivation of many high valued added and rare commodities. Among the 34 million people that inhabit the Himalayan region of the country, a large percentage is of the hill farming communities. The hills of India produces a wide range of goods starting from temperate fruits to subtropical fruits but lacks infrastructure facilities due to which farmers do not get better price for their produce. Traditional agriculture is the major and dominant activity in the hill economy, which confronts multiple risks and uncertainty. The hills of Himachal Pradesh also have lots of inherent constraints related to agricultural marketing in terms of inaccessibility and remoteness, marginality and fragility, scattered land holdings, traditional mode of production, low use of modern inputs, transportation difficulty due to the difficult hilly terrain, non-availability of regulated markets, lack of proper market information and absence of post-harvest infrastructure. As we all know that hilly regions are gradually diversified in favour of fruits and vegetables, different flower plants and forest trees production but, due to scarcity of proper transportation, lack of postharvest infrastructure, under-developed supporting institutions, industries, undulating topography, lack of innovative technologies etc. the growth potential of hill agriculture is still remained unexploited. Therefore, strengthening of markets, innovative marketing techniques and boosting on-line trading can help in a big way for solving the problems of marketing in hills.
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Reid, Peter H. "Life in Prison for Bill." In Every Hill a Burial Place, 42–46. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179988.003.0007.
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Bill’s Tanzanian attorney flies to Maswa with the bail notice but finds that Bill has been moved to Butimba Prison in Mwanza, where medical support is good, and so the request for bail is withdrawn. Peace Corps assistant general counsel Anthony (Tony) Essaye arrives from Washington, D.C., and directs planning of the next steps in the case. Butimba Prison offers quite reasonable facilities, although Bill is later moved temporarily to a prison near Maswa with less-accommodating facilities. Fellow volunteers visit Bill in prison and describe the conditions. Dr. McHugh and an American priest visit Bill in prison and come away quite concerned about his mental health. Paul Sack sends a letter to Peace Corps volunteers describing the prison conditions.
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Lynch, John Roy. "Fighting the Hill Organization." In Reminiscences of an Active Life, edited by John Hope Franklin, 387–94. University Press of Mississippi, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781604731149.003.0040.
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This chapter describes the fight against the Hill organization. Two sets of delegates having been elected to the national convention, the fight for recognition was then to be made before the national committee. In this fight, John Roy Lynch's friends were also placed at a disadvantage for two reasons: first, because James Hill was a member of that committee which placed him in the position of being one of judges to pass upon the merits of his own case. Second, because the fact was afterwards developed that the recognition of his delegation was one of the conditions of his deal or agreement with M. A. Hanna. Since the Hanna machine controlled the national committee, the recognition of the Hill delegation was, of course, expected to be the result of the contest.
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Fowler, Linda L. "Committee Motivations for Oversight." In Watchdogs on the Hill. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151618.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the conditions that motivate legislators to ask questions regarding the country's foreign policy. The Vietnam War represents the nadir of congressional influence over foreign policy in the eyes of many political observers. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee became the locus of congressional pressure for winding down the war, while the Senate Armed Services Committee provided a platform for hawks seeking to ramp up the use of force. The chapter develops theoretical expectations, which address three different committee phenomena relevant to oversight of national security: sources of change in the total frequency of public hearings, biases within committees regarding the frequency and venues of oversight hearings as a result of external stimuli, and influences on the content of routine and event-driven review.
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Kaimal, J. C., and J. J. Finnigan. "Flow Over Hills." In Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.003.0008.
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We now move on to the next obstacle to understanding how the boundary layer behaves in general through the study of flow over ridges and hills. In Chapter 4 we examined simple changes in surface conditions and showed how their effects extend upwards with increasing downwind distance. The distinguishing features of the flow over those changes were a small perturbation in the pressure field and an internal boundary layer, the depth of which was controlled by turbulent diffusion from the new surface. Here, we confront not a change in surface properties but a change in surface elevation that forces large-scale changes in the pressure field. The response to this forcing is more complicated than any we have tackled so far, but the work of many scientists over the past 25 years gives us a measure of understanding of the processes involved. In addition to extending to hillsides the kind of analyses of wind and turbulence we have already presented, there are new questions that only arise in the context of hill flows. One, with ramifications for large-scale prediction of the weather and climate, is how much drag hills exert on the atmosphere flowing over them. For large hills and mountains this problem is dominated by the behavior of the internal gravity waves initiated by hills; over lower topography, however, it involves a subtle balance between changes in the surface stress distribution and the pressure field. In questions of wind turbine siting, understanding the position and magnitude of accelerations in the mean wind becomes crucial, whereas changes to both the mean wind and turbulence are important when predicting the fate of atmospheric pollutants in hilly terrain or estimating wind loads on buildings. The pattern of airflow around a hill is determined not only by the hill shape but also by its size. A characteristic feature of the atmosphere as a whole is its static stability, extending all the way to the ground at night-time and down to zi during the day. As a result, the vertical movement of air parcels that must occur as the wind flows over a hill is accompanied by a gravitational restoring force.
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Mandala, Vijaya Ramadas. "Nimrods on the Hills—Hunting, Environment, and Its Fauna." In Shooting a Tiger, 79–160. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489381.003.0003.
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Drawing on rich archival material, sportsmen’s memoirs and colonial documents, this chapter develops the argument that hill-sport was another important feature of British social and cultural life in colonial India. Hill-sport played a significant role in shaping and transforming their cultural identity from the beginning of the nineteenth century. While scholarship to date has not touched upon this subject, chapter two traces the historical antecedents of the British military conquest, which led to exploration and the discovery of new geographies, that is, mountain and hill terrains in the north and south of India. It is possible to argue that the Nilgiris and the Doon Valley had the advantage of favourable climatic conditions and better hunting grounds, and therefore plentiful opportunities for hill-sport, which in turn provided the healthier lifestyle to the Britons living on the hill stations. In such mountain peripheries, there emerged aesthetic preferences among the colonial sporting fraternity, which were born out of their hunting experiences in the cultural geography of the Himalayas and the Nilgiris. Furthermore, this chapter also suggests that the British hunters in colonial India also created a dichotomy of difference in terms of the ecology and wild fauna of the mountains, which also influenced their development of different genres of hill-sport. In addition, this chapter offers a fresh perspective on the notions of masculinity and virile energy enshrined in the big-game hunting tradition in relation to mountain geographies in colonial India.
Conference papers on the topic "Hill, conditions de"
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Houra, T., Y. Nagano, and M. Tagawa. "Turbulent Thermal Diffusion Over a Locally-Heated Two-Dimensional Hill." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23117.
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We measure flow and thermal fields over a locally heated two-dimensional hill. The heated sections on the wall are divided into upstream and downstream portions of the hill model. These sections are heated independently, yielding various thermal boundary conditions in contrast to the uniformly heated case. In the separated region formed behind the hill, it is found that the mean temperature profiles in the uniformly heated case are well decomposed into the separately heated cases. This is because the velocity fluctuation produced by the shear layer formed behind the hill is large, so the superposition of a passive scalar in the thermal field can be successfully realized. The rapid increase in the mean temperature near the uniformly heated wall should be due to the heat transfer near the leeward slope of the hill. On the other hand, the mean temperature distributions away from the wall are strongly affected by the turbulent thermal diffusion on the windward side of the hill.
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Wang, Guoqing, Liming Dai, and Diankui Liu. "The Scattering Field of SH-Wave in Half-Space With a Semi-Cylindrical Hill and a Horizontal Circular Tunnel." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80117.
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The scattering field of SH-wave in a half-space with a semi-cylindrical hill and a subsurface horizontal hole is studied in the present research by utilizing a complex function and the moving-coordinate method. Based on the concept of ‘conjunction,’ the domain considered is divided into two subdomains. The first subdomain is a cylindrical one which includes the surface of the hill, while the rest is the second subdomain. In the cylindrical subdomain, a standing wave function is constructed which automatically satisfies the zero-stress condition at the hill surface and arbitrary-stress condition at the other part of the circular subdomain. For the second subdomain, which contains a semi-cylindrical canyon and a subsurface hole, a scattering wave function is assumed, which satisfies the zero-stress condition on the horizontal surface. By employing the moving-coordinate method, the solutions of the mathematical model established for the SH-wave can be obtained with the satisfaction of the continuous conditions of stress and displacement across the junction interface together with the zero-stress condition at the surface of the tunnel. The solutions such obtained consist of a series of infinite linear algebraic equations, which can be solved numerically with consideration of the first finite terms corresponding to the frequencies of the wave. For demonstrating the application of the model developed, the displacements of the horizontal and semi-cylindrical hill surfaces are quantified with different properties of wave and geometry parameters.
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Tremblay, Marissa M., Courtney J. Sprain, Courtney J. Sprain, Darren Mark, Darren Mark, David Sanderson, and David Sanderson. "A MULTI-SYSTEM APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE AGE AND MELTING CONDITIONS OF VITRIFIED HILL FORTS IN SCOTLAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335155.
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Balumi, Wakil Bunu, and Jim Puckette. "SOURCE ROCK GENESIS AND PALEOREDOX CONDITIONS OF THE NIOBRARA FORMATION, MUSTARD HILL-GRAPE CREEK, CANON CITY, COLARADO." In 54th Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020sc-343254.
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Mahalle, Gauri, Omkar Salunke, Nitin Kotkunde, Amit Kumar Gupta, and Swadesh Kumar Singh. "Anisotropic Yielding Behaviour of Inconel 718 Alloy at Elevated Temperatures." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11126.
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Abstract The study of anisotropic deformation behavior of material plays a key role in optimizing the hot working process parameters. Further, trustworthiness of Finite Element (FE) analysis in hot working condition is highly dependent on accurate input of mechanical properties and anisotropic yield parameters. In present work, two different anisotropic yield criteria, namely; Hill 1948 and Barlat 1989 are developed from Room Temperature (RT) to 500 °C and different slow strain rate conditions (0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 s−1) for Inconel 718 alloy. First, uniaxial tensile test carried out from RT to 500 °C with an interval of 100°C and at quasi-static strain rate conditions at different orientation of a sheet (0°, 45° and 90°). Based on the tensile test data, extended Von-Mises isotropic criterion i.e. Hill 1948 and Barlat 1989 yield criterion were developed at different conditions. The predictability of yield criteria has been verified using yield loci, variation of anisotropic coefficient and yield stresses. The various static parameters such as correlation coefficient, relative error and standard deviation are considered to compare the yield criteria. Based on the comparison, Barlat 1989 yield criterion shows good in agreement with experimental data.
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Jafari, S., N. Chokani, and R. S. Abhari. "Terrain Effects on Wind Flow: Simulations With an Immersed Boundary Method." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46240.
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The modelling of the wind resource over arbitrary topography is required to optimize the micrositing of wind turbines. Most solvers use classical body-fitted grid for simulations. In such an approach, to cover the wind rose using a rectangular domain, a dedicated mesh must be generated for each direction. Moreover, over complex terrain, additional numerical errors are introduced in the solver due to coordinate transformations. To overcome these challenges and to facilitate the grid generation process, an immersed boundary method is developed in connection with a RANS solver in order to simulate turbulent atmospheric flows over arbitrary topography. In this method, a Cartesian grid is used and the boundary condition on the terrain surface is modelled within the solver using a “direct forcing” approach. With the immersed boundary method a rectangular grid can be used to simulate the flow field for all wind directions and only a rotation of the digital elevation map is required. Ghost cells are used to enforce the desired boundary condition at the immersed surface. The immersed boundary method developed in this work is used to simulate the flow in connection with both Baldwin-Lomax and kω turbulence models. The performance of the method is examined for the flow over a two-dimensional hill. Results are compared with experimental data as well as a classical body-fitted grid to isolate the effect of the boundary conditions. The comparisons show good agreement among all the results. The results for the three-dimensional wind flow simulation over the Askervein Hill test case are also presented, and show the capability of the immersed boundary method in a full-scale scenario.
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Kilpatrick, R., K. Siddiqui, H. Hangan, and D. Parvu. "Investigation of Mean and Turbulent Flow Behaviour Over an Escarpment." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7640.
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Mean and turbulent flow behaviour over a 1:25 scale model of Bolund hill was investigated at Western University’s Wind Engineering, Energy, and Environment Research Institute (WindEEE) using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A range of upstream flow and surface conditions were considered. Results showed almost no Reynolds dependency on the mean flow and weak dependency of Reynolds number on the upstream surface roughness conditions. However, a strong Reynolds number and upstream surface rough dependency is observed on the turbulent flow particularly in the shear layer formed in the immediate downstream region of the escarpment. It is concluded that the consideration of Reynolds number independency must be cautiously used when extrapolating the flow parameters from scaled model testing to full scale in the field.
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Edmans, Ben, Giulio Alfano, and Hamid Bahai. "Multiscale Modelling of Flexible Pipes With Nonlinear Homogenisation." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21010.
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A multi-scale framework for the analysis of flexible pipes and risers is presented, consisting of (1) a new corotational, elastoplastic beam element for flexible pipe modelling, (2) a representative volume element (RVE) consisting of a detailed shell-element model with interlaminar friction, and (3) a scale-linking scheme for a multiscale analysis using (1) and (2), justified using homogenisation theory. This enables wire stress-history data to be recovered by postprocessing the results of a large-scale dynamic analysis using (1). We develop a form of nonlinear homogenisation appropriate for flexible pipe RVEs, recognising the primacy of curvatures and handling the discontinuities in the local displacement field due to interlaminar slip. The enforcement of the Hill-Mandel condition and attention to appropriate boundary conditions ensure that the micro- and macro-scale models are dynamically compatible. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with a simple analysis.
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Mu¨cke, Roland, and Piyawan Woratat. "A Cyclic Life Prediction Approach for Directionally Solidified Nickel Superalloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59180.
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The performance of heavy duty gas turbines is closely related to the material capability of the components of the 1st turbine stages. In modern gas turbines single crystal (SX) and directionally solidified (DS) nickel superalloys are applied which, compared to their conventionally cast (CC) version, hold a higher cyclic life and a significantly improved creep rupture strength. SX and DS nickel superalloys feature a significant directionally dependence of material properties. To fully exploit the material capability, the anisotropy needs to be accounted for in both, the constitutive and the lifing model. In this context, the paper addresses a cyclic life prediction procedure for DS materials with transverse isotropic material symmetry. Thereby, the well-known local approaches to fatigue life prediction of isotropic materials under uniaxial loading are extended towards materials with transverse isotropic properties under multiaxial load conditions. As part of the proposed methodology, a Hill type function is utilized for describing the anisotropic failure behavior. The coefficients of the Hill surface are determined from the actual multiaxial loading, the material symmetry and the anisotropic fatigue strength of the material. In the paper we first characterize the anisotropy of DS superalloys. We then present the general mathematical framework of the proposed lifing procedure. Later we discuss a validation of the cyclic life model by comparing measured and predicted fatigue lives of test specimens. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the cyclic life prediction of a gas turbine blade.
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Arnim, Nathan M., Trent L. Wall, and Jeff Waterhouse. "The Use of Wind Tunnel, Field, and Computational Studies to Determine Building Wake Effects on the Hill Air Force Base Runway." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39627.
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A combined wind tunnel, field measurement, and numerical simulation strategy was used to obtain estimates of the effects of canyon wind flow over proposed building arrays on the Hill Air Force Base (HAFB) runway. As part of this effort, simplified building configurations in the wind tunnel were utilized to optimize computation parameters, as well as gain insights regarding the gross features associated with the proposed building configurations. The field data were used to provide realistic inflow conditions to the numerical simulations. The simulations were then utilized to predict flow fields over the HAFB runway for a number of proposed building configurations. Results from the study, indicated that building configurations primarily oriented transverse to the flow direction showed a persistence of momentum deficit and increased turbulence at large downstream distances. The present solution strategy is shown to constitute a cost effective means of addressing complex applied wind engineering problems with the capability of overcoming Reynolds number and geometric similarity problems.
Reports on the topic "Hill, conditions de"
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Status of Melton Hill Reservoir: An overview of reservoir conditions and uses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185899.
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Hydrologic conditions and budgets for the Black Hills of South Dakota, through water year 1998. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri014226.
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