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Vršková, Martina, Vladimír Tančin, Michal Uhrinčať, Lucia Mačuhová, and Kristína Tvarožková. "Survey of somatic cell counts and milk composition in bulk milk of ewes in dairy practice." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (March 28, 2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1325.
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We evaluated milk quality during the sheep dairy period in the year 2018. The study was performed at fifteen dairy farms with differed breeds and crossbreds under Slovakian usual practical conditions (milking and pasture). At the first and seventh farm purebred Tsigai (TS) ewes were kept, at the eight to twelve farm there were purebred Lacaune ewes (LC) and the thirteen farm were kept crossbred Improved Valachian x Lacaune ewes (IV/LC, with a higher proportion of Improved Valachian), the fourteen farm crossbred Lacaune x East Friesian ewes and the last farm were ewes of the synthetic population of Slovak dairy ewe (SD). The milk yield recording and milk sampling were performed once a month during evening milking as a part of milk recording services. The basic milk composition was determined by MilkoScan FT120 (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) and somatic cell count was determined using a Fossomatic 90 (Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark) after heat treatment at 40 °C for 15 min. We found the highest incidence of SCC on farm 14 with crossbred LC/EF 3.940 x 103 cells.mL-1. Followed by farms 12 and 9 with purebred LC (SCC value of 3.318 and 2.489 x 103 cells.mL-1). Farm 7 with purebred TS reached the lowest value (831 x 103 cells.mL-1). The highest fat content was reached by the purebred TS, with gradual growth from March to July. Crossbreds and the synthetic population of Slovak dairy ewe (SD) had the lowest average fat content, which could be affected by feeding. Similar tendencies were found in protein content.
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Franzoi, Marco, Giovanni Niero, Mauro Penasa, and Massimo De Marchi. "Development of Infrared Prediction Models for Diffusible and Micellar Minerals in Bovine Milk." Animals 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070430.
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Milk and dairy products are major sources of minerals in human diet. Minerals influence milk technological properties; in particular, micellar and diffusible minerals differentially influence rennet clotting time, curd firmness and curd formation rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict the content of micellar and diffusible mineral fractions in bovine milk. Spectra of reference milk samples (n = 93) were collected using Milkoscan™ 7 (Foss Electric A/S, Hillerød, Denmark) and total, diffusible and micellar content of minerals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Backward interval partial least squares algorithm was applied to exclude uninformative spectral regions and build prediction models for total, diffusible and micellar minerals content. Results showed that backward interval partial least squares analysis improved the predictive ability of the models for the studied traits compared with traditional partial least squares approach. Overall, the predictive ability of mid-infrared prediction models was moderate to low, with a ratio of performance to deviation in cross-validation that ranged from 1.15 for micellar K to 2.73 for total P.
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Zecconi, Alfonso, Francesca Dell’Orco, Diego Vairani, Nicoletta Rizzi, Micaela Cipolla, and Lucio Zanini. "Differential Somatic Cell Count as a Marker for Changes of Milk Composition in Cows with Very Low Somatic Cell Count." Animals 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040604.
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The recent availability of a high-throughput milk analyzer performing a partial differential somatic cell count (DSCC) opened new opportunities in investigations on bovine udder health. This analyzer has a potential limitation on the accuracy of measurements when the somatic cell count (SCC) is below 50,000 cells/mL, values characterizing a good proportion of lactating cows in many herds. We obtained data for cows below this threshold, assessed the repeatability of these measurements and investigated the relationship between DSCC and udder health, milk composition and yield. Overall, 3022 cow milk test records performed on a Fossomatic™ 7/DC (Foss A/S, Hillerød, Denmark) were considered; 901 of them had an SCC ≤ 50,000 cells/mL. These latter samples were analyzed by qPCR to identify the presence of bacteria. Overall, 20.75% of the samples (187) were positive. However, the health status did not have any significant association with DSCC. The analysis of the association of DSCC on milk fat, protein and casein showed a significant decrease in their proportions as the DSCC increased, whereas it was not observed for milk yield and lactose. Therefore, DSCC in very low SCC cows may be suggested as a marker to identify early changes in milk composition.
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Wong, Alicia Yoke Wei, Alexander Tony Arvind Johnsson, Karolina Ininbergs, Simon Athlin, and Volkan Özenci. "Comparison of Four Streptococcus pneumoniae Urinary Antigen Tests Using Automated Readers." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040827.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen tests (UATs) may be interpreted using automatic readers to potentially automate sample incubation and provide standardized results reading. Here, we evaluated four UATs the BinaxNOW S. pneumoniae Antigen Card (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA), ImmuView S. pneumoniae and Legionella (SSI Diagnostica, Hillerød, Denmark), STANDARD F S. pneumoniae Ag FIA (SD Biosensor, Gyeonggi, South Korea), and Sofia S. pneumoniae FIA (Quidel Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) with their respective benchtop readers for their ability to detect S. pneumoniae urinary antigen. We found that these assays had a sensitivity of 76.9–86.5%, and specificity of 84.2–89.7%, with no significant difference found among the four UATs. The assays had a high level of agreement with each other, with 84.5% of samples testing consistently across all four assays. The automatically and visually read test results from the two immunochromatographic assays, BinaxNOW and ImmuView, were compared and showed excellent agreement between the two types of reading. Immunofluorescent-based assays, Sofia and STANDARD F, had significantly less time to detect compared to the two immunochromatographic assays due to having less assay setup procedures and shorter sample incubation times. In conclusion, the four UATs performed similarly in the detection of S. pneumoniae urinary antigen, and readers can bring increased flexibility to running UATs in the clinical routine.
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Larsen, Fredrikke Tove Birgitta Dam, Christian Thomas Brandt, Lykke larsen, Vibeke Klastrup, Lothar Wiese, Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Mette Riber, et al. "Risk factors and prognosis of seizures in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis in Denmark: observational cohort studies." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e030263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030263.
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ObjectiveTo examine predefined risk factors and outcome of seizures in community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM).DesignObservational cohort studiesSettingDenmarkParticipantsIn the derivation cohort, we retrospectively included all adults (>15 years of age) with CABM in North Denmark Region from 1998 to 2014 and at Hvidovre and Hillerød hospitals from 2003 to 2014. In the validation cohort, we prospectively included all adults (>18 years of age) with CABM treated at all departments of infectious diseases in Denmark from 2015 to 2017.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIn the derivation cohort, we used modified Poisson regression to compute adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals for predefined risk factors for seizures during CABM as well as for risks of death and unfavourable outcome assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale score (1-4). Next, results were validated in the validation cohort.ResultsIn the derivation cohort (n=358), risk factors for seizures at any time were pneumococcal aetiology (RR 1.69, 1.01–2.83) and abnormal cranial imaging (RR 2.27, 1.46–3.53), while the impact of age >65 years and immunocompromise was more uncertain. Examining seizures occurring after admission, risk factors were abnormal cranial imaging (RR 2.23, 1.40–3.54) and immunocompromise (RR 1.59, 1.01–2.50). Seizures at any time were associated with increased risks of in-hospital mortality (RR 1.45, 1.01–2.09) and unfavourable outcome at discharge (RR 1.27, 1.02–1.60). In the validation cohort (n=379), pneumococcal aetiology (RR 1.69, 1.10–2.59) and abnormal cranial imaging (RR 1.68, 1.09–2.59) were confirmed as risk factors for seizures at any time. For seizures occurring after admission, only pneumococcal meningitis (RR 1.92, 1.12–3.29) remained significant. Seizures at any time were also associated with in-hospital mortality (RR 3.26, 1.83–5.80) and unfavourable outcome (RR 1.23, 1.00–1.52) in this cohort.ConclusionsPneumococcal aetiology, immunocompromise and abnormal cranial imaging were risk factors for seizures in CABM. Seizures were strongly associated with mortality and unfavourable outcome.
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Antanaitis, Ramūnas, Dovilė Malašauskienė, Mindaugas Televičius, Vida Juozaitienė, Henrikas Žilinskas, and Walter Baumgartner. "Dynamic Changes in Progesterone Concentration in Cows’ Milk Determined by the At-Line Milk Analysis System Herd NavigatorTM." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 5020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185020.
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The aim of the current instant study was to evaluate relative at-line milk progesterone dynamic changes according to parity and status of reproduction and to estimate the relationship with productivity in dairy cows by at-line milk analysis system Herd NavigatorTM. According to the progesterone assay, experimental animals were divided into three periods: postpartum, after insemination, and pregnancy. In the first stage of the postpartum period, progesterone levels in milk were monitored every 5 days. This period of reproductive cycle recovery was followed for 30 days (days 0–29). The second stage of the postpartum period (30–65 days) lasted until cows were inseminated. In the period (0–45 days) after cow insemination, progesterone levels were distributed according to whether or not cows became pregnant. For milk progesterone detection, the fully automated real-time progesterone analyzer Herd NavigatorTM (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). We found that an at-line progesterone concentration is related to different parities, reproductive statuses, and milk yield of cows: the 12.88% higher concentration of progesterone in milk was evaluated in primiparous cows. The average milk yield in non-pregnant primiparous cows was 4.64% higher, and in non-pregnant multiparous cows 6.87% higher than in pregnant cows. Pregnancy success in cows can be predicted 11–15 days after insemination, when a significant increase in progesterone is observed in the group of pregnant cows.
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Antanaitis, Ramūnas, Vida Juozaitienė, Dovilė Malašauskienė, Mindaugas Televičius, Mingaudas Urbutis, and Walter Baumgartner. "Relation of Automated Body Condition Scoring System and Inline Biomarkers (Milk Yield, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Progesterone in Milk) with Cow’s Pregnancy Success." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041414.
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The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation of automatically determined body condition score (BCS) and inline biomarkers such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and progesterone (mP4) with the pregnancy success of cows. The cows (n = 281) had 2.1 ± 0.1. lactations on average, were 151.6 ± 0.06 days postpartum, and were once tested with “Easy scan” ultrasound (IMV imaging, Scotland) at 30–35 d post-insemination. According to their reproductive status, cows were grouped into two groups: non-pregnant (n = 194 or 69.0% of cows) and pregnant (n = 87 or 31.0% of cows). Data concerning their BCS, mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected each day from the day of insemination for 7 days. The BCS was collected with body condition score camera (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden); mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected with the fully automated real-time analyzer Herd Navigator™ (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). Of all the biomarkers, three differences between groups were significant. The body condition score (BCS) of the pregnant cows was higher (+0.49 score), the milk yield (MY) was lower (−4.36 kg), and milk progesterone in pregnant cows was (+6.11 ng/mL) higher compared to the group of non-pregnant cows (p < 0.001). The pregnancy status of the cows was associated with their BCS assessment (p < 0.001). We estimated that cows with BCS > 3.2 were 22 times more likely to have reproductive success than cows with BCS ≤ 3.2.
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Magid, J., A. M. Eilersen, S. Wrisberg, and M. Henze. "Possibilities and barriers for recirculation of nutrients and organic matter from urban to rural areas: A technical theoretical framework applied to the medium-sized town Hillerød, Denmark." Ecological Engineering 28, no. 1 (November 2006): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.03.009.
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Whist, Anne C., and Olav Østerås. "Associations between somatic cell counts at calving or prior to drying-off and future somatic cell counts, in the remaining or subsequent lactation." Journal of Dairy Research 73, no. 3 (March 29, 2006): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029906001786.
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Composite milk somatic cell counts (CMSCC) from four separate datasets, containing 3338, 350, 1408 and 1404 herds, were used. All herds were enrolled in the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System (NDHRS). The aim was to investigate associations between CMSCC at calving or prior to drying-off and future CMSCC in the remaining or subsequent lactation. CMSCC was determined using Fossomatic 5000® cell counters (Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark) according to IDF recommendations (International Dairy Federation, 1984) and a natural logarithmic transformation of the CMSCC data (lnCMSCC) was performed. Results obtained were arranged according to parity and lactation stage and regression models and general linear mixed models were applied, the latter model to account for clustering between herds. The best associations between CMSCC at calving or prior to drying-off and future CMSCC in the remaining or subsequent lactation were found by using at least two CMSCC test days after calving or prior to drying-off. The geometric mean of the second and third or the first three CMSCC test days explained 50% of the variation in future CMSCC in first parity cows. This information was accessible at 151 days in milk (DIM) in bimonthly tested herds, and at 87 DIM for monthly tested herds. There was not a large difference using two or three single consecutive weighted CMSCC test days compared with the geometric mean of two or three CMSCC test days. Our findings indicate the need of using at least two CMSCC test days and, if only one CMSCC test day is used, it should be obtained after 14 d post-calving or preferably after 30 DIM.
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Busch, Alexander S., Brigitte Højgaard, Casper P. Hagen, and Grete Teilmann. "Obesity Is Associated with Earlier Pubertal Onset in Boys." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): e1667-e1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz222.
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Abstract Context Pubertal timing in boys is associated with body mass index (BMI). Studies consistently report an inverse correlation of BMI and pubertal timing within the normal BMI range. However, observations in obese boys are conflicting with different studies reporting either early or delayed pubertal onset in obese boys. Objective We aimed to assess the association of male pubertal timing with age-specific BMI (zBMI) in obese boys. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 218 obese boys (zBMI > +2SD, with a median age at baseline of 10.8 years (range 4.2–17.0), were recruited as part of a prospective outpatient childhood obesity intervention program at Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark, between 2009 and 2017. Serving as controls, we included 660 healthy boys participating in the population-based COPENHAGEN Puberty Study (-2SD < zBMI ≤ +2SD, 2006–2014). Subanalyses were performed on overweight controls (+1SD < zBMI ≤ +2SD). The clinical assessment of pubertal development by Tanner staging, including testis volume using a Prader’s orchidometer, was performed by trained physicians. The timing of pubertal milestones was estimated by probit analyses. Main Outcome Measures Timing of testicular volume ≥ 4 mL, genital stage ≥ 2, and pubarche. Results The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) age of onset of pubertal event in obese boys was as follows: testicular volume ≥ 4 mL, 11.3 years (11.0–11.6); genital stage ≥ 2, 11.6 yrs (11.3–11.9); and pubarche, 11.9 years (11.5–12.3). Testicular volume ≥ 4 mL occurred significantly earlier in obese boys compared to controls (-2SD < zBMI ≤ +2SD) (P = 0.01). We did not observe significant differences for either the timing of pubarche nor the genital stage ≥ 2 (P = 0.06 and P = 0.94, respectively) Conclusions We demonstrate that testicular enlargement in obese boys occurs significantly earlier compared to a population-based normal-weight reference cohort.
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Guimarães, Geovanna Machado, Lívia Silva Mateus, Anna Izabella Prado Moraes, Widi Silva da Costa, Nayana Ribeiro Soares, Lorrane Soares dos Santos, and Priscila Alonso dos Santos. "Qualidade do leite in natura perante a instrução normativa IN 76 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 17, 2020): e262996746. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6746.
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Devido a qualidade, do leite, ser definida por seus parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, estabeleceu-se instrução normativa n° 76 que recomenda as obrigatoriedades ao produtor. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho a avaliação do leite in natura refrigerado de quatro propriedades rurais do Município de Rio Verde – GO quanto à presença de microrganismos psicrotróficos e psicrotróficos proteolíticos juntamente com as análises de CBT, CCS e composição proximal do leite comparando os resultados com o exigido pela IN 76. As amostras de leite cru refrigerado foram coletadas e posterior, as amostras de leite para análises de CBT e CCS, foram encaminhadas para o diagnóstico no Laboratório de Qualidade do Leite da Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Goiás (LQL). Utilizou-se o equipamento Milkoscan 4000 (Foss Electric A/S. Hillerod, Denmark) para determinar os teores de gordura, proteína, lactose, extrato seco total (EST), (ESD), ureia e caseína. Realizou-se a contagem padrão em placas de microrganismos psicrotróficos e psicrotróficos proteolíticos viáveis e calculou-se o número de UFC/mL da amostra multiplicando-se o número de colônias, em cada placa, pelo inverso da diluição. Obteve-se resultados dos valores de CBT, CCS, composição proximal, ureia, caseína, microrganismos psicrotróficos e psicrotróficos proteolíticos majoritariamente satisfatórios e dentro do permitido pela legislação, demonstrando a preocupação com as boas práticas de higiene, manejo e sanidade dos animais que os proprietários das propriedades rurais possuem.
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Tomsen, DV, MB Jensen, LG Gammelgaard, and L. Christrup. "CPC-056 Evolution in Drug Related Problems Identified in Pharmacist Notes at the Emergency Department, Hiller¯D Hospital Denmark." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, Suppl 1 (March 2013): A185.2—A185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000276.513.
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Lund, Thomas. "Variasjon i praksis? Sammenføyingsteknikk – og materiale i nordnorske jernalderbåter." Primitive Tider, no. 21 (December 16, 2019): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/pt.7535.
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Variation in practice? Joining-techniques in North Norwegian iron age boatsThe iron age burial custom where individuals are placed in seafaring vessels has traditionally been associated with large ships or smaller clinker build boats, such as the famous Oseberg ship found in Norway or the Nydam boat from Denmark. The overall impression of boats from this period have thus been that most of the vessels were constructed and joined with iron rivets consisting of a square nail and a dish shaped washer called a rove. A closer study of archaeological remains from boat burials in Northern Norway has revealed that this might not have been the case. By investigating the number and location of the rivets within the burial, several boats appear not to have been purely “clinker built”, but also fastened by a so called “sewing technique”, traditionally associated with older or Sami boatbuilding traditions. In addition, one of the newly found boat burials from Hillesøy in Troms county contained a boat completely lacking iron rivets. The main result of detailed comparison of all Iron Age boat burials from Northern Norway is exemplified by a selection of boats demonstrating varied use of joining-techniques. Furthermore, this article explores the contextual setting of these boats, arguing that the chosen boatbuilding techniques affected the functional aspects of the vessels and is thus related to their maritime activities.
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Jürgensen, H. J., C. Frølund, J. Gustafsen, H. Mosbech, Birgitte Guldhammer, and J. Mosbech. "Registration of Diagnoses in the Danish National Registry of Patients." Methods of Information in Medicine 25, no. 03 (July 1986): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635466.
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SummaryThe data recorded in the National Registry of Hospitalized Patients in Denmark (Landspatient-registeret [LPR]) are based on reports from the somatic departments of hospitals throughout the country. For the purpose of evaluating the quality of these data, information from LPR concerning patient diagnoses was compared with corresponding information in the records from 924 consecutive admissions to the Frederiksborg County Hospital, Hiller0d. The diagnoses in these records were registered and given priority based on predetermined criteria for selection of primary and secondary diagnoses, respectively. For each hospitalized case a total of 4 primary and 4 secondary diagnoses might be registered. In order to show the variation in choice of diagnoses between physicians, all records from the two medical departments and 10% from the remaining departments were revised by two different physicians. In the medical “block” (medical departments B and F, and the departments of physical medicine, paediatrics, and neurology), there was agreement between the two physicians on at least one of the maximally 4 primary diagnoses which could be registered in 92% of the cases (2-digit code). For the surgical “block” (the departments of parenchymal surgery, orthopaedic surgery, gynaecology, and otology), the corresponding figure was 95%. If the two coders were in agreement on at least one primary diagnosis, this was identical with LPR’s primary diagnosis in 76% of the cases in the medical “block” and 85% of the cases in the surgical “block” (2-digit code). However, in the case of 15% of the medical and 7% of the surgical cases, the primary diagnosis, on which the two coders were in agreement, was not recorded at all by LPR (3-digit code).It is to be emphasized that a certain variation between different physicians in their choice of diagnoses cannot be eliminated. In conclusion, the level of agreement between LPR and the study material found in the present study is in general satisfactory if LPR’s function as a basis of information for policy making in the hospital sector is taken into consideration. On the other hand, agreement (especially on medical records) is presumably not good enough in LPR to be used for research purposes.
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Laursen, Ditte Hjorth, Gitte Rom, Anne Margareta Banghøj, Lise Tarnow, and Lone Schou. "Improving Diabetes Self-management by Providing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment to Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Exploratory Interview Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): e27062. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27062.
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Background There is a high prevalence of unexplained and unexplored obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with type 2 diabetes. The daytime symptoms of OSA include severe fatigue, cognitive problems, a decreased quality of life, and the reduced motivation to perform self-care. These symptoms impair the management of both diabetes and daily life. OSA may therefore have negative implications for diabetes self-management. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is used to treat OSA. This treatment improves sleep quality, insulin resistance, and glycemic control. Although the benefits of using CPAP as a treatment for OSA are clear, the noncompliance rate is high, and the evidence for the perceived effect that CPAP treatment has on patients with type 2 diabetes and OSA is poor. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the impacts that comorbid diabetes and OSA have on the daily lives of older adults and to investigate the perceived effect that CPAP treatment for OSA has on patients’ diabetes self-management. Methods A qualitative follow-up study that involved in-depth, semistructured dyad interviews with couples before and after CPAP treatment (N=22) was conducted. Patients were recruited from the Hilleroed Hospital in Denmark and were all diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, aged >18 years, and had an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥15. All interviews were coded and analyzed via thematic analysis. Results The results showed that patients and their partners did not consider OSA to be a serious disorder, as they believed that OSA symptoms were similar to those of the process of aging. Patients experienced poor nocturnal sleep, took frequent daytime naps, exhibited reduced cognitive function, and had low levels of physical activity and a high-calorie diet. These factors negatively influenced their diabetes self-management. Despite the immediate benefit of CPAP treatment, most patients (11/12, 92%) faced technical challenges when using the CPAP device. Only the patients with severe OSA symptoms that affected their daily lives overcame the challenges of using the CPAP device and thereby improved their diabetes self-management. Patients with less severe symptoms rated CPAP-related challenges as more burdensome than their symptoms. Conclusions If used correctly, CPAP has the potential to significantly improve OSA, resulting in better sleep quality; improved physical activity; improved diet; and, in the end, better diabetes self-management. However, there are many barriers to undergoing CPAP treatment, and only few patients manage to overcome these barriers and comply with correct treatment.
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Dibble, Shannon, John Gianopolous, Ronald Potkul, Josephine Cunanan, Debra Hoppensteadt, and Jawed Fareed. "Inflammatory and Procoagulant Cytokine Levels During Pregnancy As Predictors of Adverse Complications." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2296.2296.
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Abstract Abstract 2296 Introduction: Adverse complications of pregnancy include preterm delivery resulting from preterm labor, preeclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage. Plasma cytokine levels and immunoregulatory proteins that are produced by gestational tissues and involved in inflammatory processes of pregnancy, have shown that perturbation of cytokine signaling networks is associated with preterm labor and preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of various cytokines and other analytes associated with tissue damage, inflammation, and ischemia in maternal plasma samples taken throughout pregnancy and to determine whether these levels correlate with adverse conditions. Methods: This study examined plasma samples collected from populations of women (Hilleroed Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark) with high-risk pregnancy complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and multiple gestations (n=16), preterm delivery (n=20), and normal pregnancy (n=20). Citrated plasma samples were analyzed at different time points during pregnancy (< 21 weeks, 21–32 weeks, 33+ weeks). Maternal cytokine levels — IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α— were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems Quantikine®, Minneapolis, MN). The Hyphen Biomed (Paris, France) ZYMUTEST Anti-Protein Z, IgG ELISA assay was used to determine maternal levels of auto-antibodies to Protein Z. Results: IL-6 levels were elevated over the course of pregnancy in the preterm delivery group compared to the normal pregnancy, high-risk pregnancy, and normal control groups. Statistical differences were found between the preterm delivery group and the other groups at 21–32 weeks (P < 0.01) and 33+ weeks (P < 0.001). IL-10 was elevated in normal pregnancy and was statistically different compared to other patient groups at all time points (P < 0.05). TNF-α levels were elevated in the high-risk pregnancy group versus normal controls (P < 0.001 at < 21 weeks and P < 0.05 at 21–32 weeks). Statistical differences for TNF-α levels were also found between high-risk pregnancy and preterm delivery patients at < 21 weeks (P < 0.01). No statistical differences between patient groups were found for maternal plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and auto-antibodies to Protein Z, IgG. Conclusion: Our results suggest that analysis of maternal plasma for IL-6 and IL-10 may be of value in the early prediction of pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery and other high-risk conditions. Elevated IL-6 levels can be measured in preterm delivery pregnancy patients as early as 21–32 weeks; thus, examining plasma IL-6 levels over the course of pregnancy may be beneficial for identifying pregnancies at risk for preterm delivery. Detecting reduced maternal plasma IL-10 levels compared to normal pregnancy may identify patients at risk for preterm delivery and high-risk pregnancy complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia and related vascular complications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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"Abstracts working symposium 2016 Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe, 19–20 February 2016, Hillerød, Denmark." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 38, no. 4 (March 29, 2016): 1005–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0283-8.
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Badoux, Paul, Lianne Kracht-Kosten, Bjorn Herpers, and Sjoerd Euser. "Method Comparison of the ImmuView L. pneumophila and L. longbeachae Urinary Antigen Test with the BinaxNOW Legionella Urinary Antigen Card for Detection of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Antigen in Urine." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 58, no. 3 (December 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01429-19.
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ABSTRACT We compared the clinical performance of the ImmuView L. pneumophila and L. longbeachae urinary antigen test (SSI Diagnostica A/S, Hillerød, Denmark) to that of the BinaxNOW Legionella urinary antigen card (Binax; Abbott, Lake Buff, IL) using urine specimens from patients suspected of having pneumonia. In total, 100 frozen urine samples (derived from 50 Legionella cases and 50 noncases) were analyzed with both tests, as were 200 nonfrozen prospectively collected samples. For urine samples from five Legionella cases and two non-Legionella cases, analytical sensitivity (limit of detection) and repeatability were examined. The urine samples from the five Legionella cases were diluted with urine samples that tested Legionella urinary antigen negative with both tests. The analyses of the 100 frozen samples resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of both ImmuView and the BinaxNOW of 96.0% (48/50) and 100% (50/50), respectively. Of the 200 nonfrozen samples, there were three samples that showed a positive result for L. pneumophila by both tests. The analyses of reproducibility showed that for the 34 (diluted) samples that were tested at two consecutive times, 33 samples showed a consistent result for both the ImmuView and the BinaxNOW tests (Cohen’s kappa values of 0.916 and 0.928). In addition, the ImmuView test may have detected two L. longbeachae-positive urine samples, although other diagnostic tests could not confirm this. Both ImmuView and BinaxNOW showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine samples from clinical patients with a suspected lower respiratory tract infection.
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Ryrsø, Camilla Koch, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Christian Ritz, Bente Klarlund Pedersen, Maria Hein Hegelund, Arnold Matovu Dungu, Adin Sejdic, Birgitte Lindegaard, and Rikke Krogh-Madsen. "The impact of physical training on length of hospital stay and physical function in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: protocol for a randomized controlled trial." Trials 22, no. 1 (August 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05503-2.
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Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide. Bed rest with low levels of physical activity is common during periods of hospitalization and leads to functional decline as well as increased risk of complications. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of supervised physical training during hospitalization with CAP compared with standard usual care for CAP on length of hospital stay, risk of readmission, mortality risk, physical capacity, muscle and fat mass, muscle strength, metabolic function, systemic inflammation, health-related quality of life, and physical activity level. Methods This study is a randomized controlled trial with three parallel experimental arms. Based on a sample size calculation, a total of 210 patients admitted with CAP at Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark, will be recruited. Patients will be randomly allocated (1:1:1) to either (1) standard usual care, (2) standard usual care combined with in-bed cycling, or (3) standard usual care combined with exercises from a booklet. The primary outcome is differences in length of hospital stay between groups, with secondary outcomes being differences between groups in time to (1) 90-day readmission and (2) 180-day mortality. Further secondary outcomes are differences in changes from baseline between groups in (3) lean mass, (4) fat mass, (5) fat-free mass, (6) physical capacity, (7) health-related quality of life, (8) systemic inflammation, and (9) physical activity level after discharge. Data on length of hospital stay, readmission, and mortality will be collected from patient files, while total lean, fat, and fat-free mass will be quantitated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical function will be assessed using grip strength, 30-s chair stand tests, and Barthel Index-100. Health-related quality of life will be assessed with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Systemic inflammation will be assessed in blood samples, while accelerometers are used for measuring physical activity. Discussion If a simple physical training program appears to diminish the impact of critical illness and hospitalization on clinical outcome, mobility, and health-related quality of life, it may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of patients hospitalized with CAP. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04094636. Registered on 1 April 2019
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Sivapalan, Pradeesh, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Rasmus Dahlin Bojesen, Therese Sophie Lapperre, Josefin Viktoria Eklöf, Kjell Erik Julius Håkansson, Andrea Browatzki, et al. "Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." Trials 21, no. 1 (June 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. Trial design This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study. Participants 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hillerød, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals. Inclusion criteria: • Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments • Age≥ 18 years • Hospitalized ≤48 hours • Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). • Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). • Myasthenia gravis • Treatment with digoxin* • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency • Porphyria • Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) • Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation • Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation • Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily. Intervention and comparator Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 Main outcomes • Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) ("Days alive and out of hospital") Randomisation The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No). Blinding (masking) Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group. Trial Status Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2).