Relevant bibliographies by topics / Himalaya (Inde)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Himalaya (Inde)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Himalaya (Inde)"

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Bassoullet, Jean-Paul, and Michel Colchen. "Découverte D'Archaeosepta platierensisForaminifère du dogger alpin, Himalaya du Ladakh (Inde)." Geobios 20, no. 4 (January 1987): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(87)80088-8.

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Bharti, Meenakshi. "Diversity of Calliphoridae and Polleniidae (Diptera) in the Himalaya, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 10 (October 26, 2023): 24104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8603.15.10.24104-24115.

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The family Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) is primarily known for its synanthropic, necrophagous, and myiasis–causing species. This study presents an updated checklist of blow fly species recorded in the Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The dataset includes 23 genera and 69 Species from Indian Himalayas, 18 genera and 52 species from the Pakistani Himalayas, and 22 genera and 74 species from Nepalese Himalaya. The data is categorised into three elevation zones: the Shivalik range (350–1,200 m), Lesser Himalaya (1200-2,200 m), and Upper Himalaya (2,200 m and above) taking into consideration factors such as vegetation, temperature, and other environmental variables. The Sorensen Similarity Index was utilized to quantify the degree of species overlap and similarity among blow fly communities within these elevation ranges.
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Mahéo, Gweltaz, Hervé Bertrand, Stéphane Guillot, Georges Mascle, Arnaud Pêcher, Christian Picard, and Julia De Sigoyer. "Témoins d'un arc immature téthysien dans les ophiolites du Sud Ladakh (NW Himalaya, Inde)." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 330, no. 4 (February 2000): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)00130-0.

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Vandenhelsken, Mélanie. "Quête du présent dans le passé par un groupe de culture tibétaine au Sikkim1 (Himalaya oriental, Inde)." Journal des anthropologues, no. 104-105 (June 1, 2006): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jda.520.

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Barker, Joel D., Susan Kaspari, Paolo Gabrielli, Anna Wegner, Emilie Beaudon, M. Roxana Sierra-Hernández, and Lonnie Thompson. "Drought-induced biomass burning as a source of black carbon to the central Himalaya since 1781 CE as reconstructed from the Dasuopu ice core." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (April 13, 2021): 5615–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5615-2021.

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Abstract. Himalayan glaciers are melting due to atmospheric warming, with the potential to limit access to water for more than 25 % of the global population that resides in these glacier meltwater catchments. Black carbon has been implicated as a factor that is contributing to Himalayan glacier melt, but its sources and mechanisms of delivery to the Himalayas remain controversial. Here, we provide a 211-year ice core record spanning 1781–1992 CE for refractory black carbon (rBC) deposition from the Dasuopu glacier ice core that has to date provided the highest-elevation ice core record (7200 m). We report an average rBC concentration of 1.5 µg L−1 (SD=5.0, n=1628) over the 211-year period. An increase in the frequency and magnitude of rBC deposition occurs after 1877 CE, accompanied by decreased snow accumulation associated with a shift in the North Atlantic Oscillation Index to a positive phase. Typically, rBC is deposited onto Dasuopu glacier during the non-monsoon season, and short-lived increases in rBC concentration are associated with periods of drought within neighboring regions in northwestern India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Using a combination of spectral and back-trajectory analyses, as well as a comparison with a concurrent analysis of trace metals at equivalent depths in the same ice core, we show that biomass burning resulting from dry conditions is a source of rBC to the central Himalaya and is responsible for deposition that is up to 60 times higher than the average rBC concentration over the time period analyzed. We suggest that biomass burning is a significant source of rBC to the central Himalaya and that the rBC record can be used to identify periods of drought in nearby regions that are upwind of Dasuopu glacier.
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Deepani, Vijit, and Monika Saini. "Demographic Fluctuation among Himalayan Populations." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.3217.6.

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Background: Himalayas constitute vast mountain range in Asia spreading over 2500 Km (from east to west) at a high altitude along the northern fringes of the Indian subcontinent. The population dynamics in Himalayan domain has been immensely influenced by the variations in climatic and topographic conditions. As a result, population trends in relation to several demographic parameters are observed as population growth varies across this immense geographical contour. Objective: The present study attempts to assess and compare several crucial demographic parameters of select population groups (tribes and caste groups) residing in Himalayan province so as to provide a comprehensive picture of their demographic profile. The variation in demographic variables has also been addressed in relation to socio-economic and biological attributes. Materials and Methods: Multiple demographic determinants viz., sex-ratio, index – of – ageing, age at marriage and menarche, crude birth rate, total fertility rate, crude death rate and infant mortality rate are utilized to address demographic diversity in Himalayan population groups. Results: The sex ratio has been observed to be higher among reported population groups in Central Himalayas in comparison to Western and Eastern Himalayas. The measures of fertility – CBR, GFR and TFR – depict high values in certain population groups of Central Himalayas (Johar Bhotia, Rang Bhotia and Raji) in comparison to Western and Eastern province. Contribution: The present paper provides a comprehensive picture of the demographic profile among select Himalayan population groups. This will aid to understand the trend in demographic characteristics in the Himalayan province.
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RAMSANKARAN, RAAJ, U. C. KOTHYARI, and J. S. RAWAT. "Simulation of surface runoff and sediment yield using the water erosion prediction project (WEPP) model: a study in Kaneli watershed, Himalaya, India / Simulation de ruissellement de surface et d'érosion à l'aide du modèle WEPP: cas du bassin versant de Kaneli, Himalaya, Inde." Hydrological Sciences Journal 54, no. 3 (June 2009): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1623/hysj.54.3.513.

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Baniya, Binod, Narayan Prasad Gaire, Qua-anan Techato, Yubraj Dhakal, and Yam Prasad Dhital. "High altitudinal vegetation dynamics including treeline ecotone in Langtang National Park, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 9, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v9i2.36605.

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Identification of high altitudinal vegetation dynamics using remote sensing is important because of the complex topography and environment in the Himalayas. Langtang National Park is the first Himalayan park in Nepal representing the best area to study vegetation change in the central Himalaya region because of the high altitudinal gradient and relatively less disturbed region. This study aimed at mapping vegetation in Langtang National Park and its treeline ecotone using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Two treeline sites with an altitude of 3927 and 3802 meters above sea level (masl) were selected, and species density was measured during the field survey. The linear slope for each pixel and the Mann Kendall test to measure significant trends were used. The results showed that NDVI has significantly increased at the rate of 0.002yr-1 in Langtang National Park and 0.003yr-1 in treeline ecotone during 2000-2017. The average 68.73% equivalents to 1463 km2 of Langtang National Park are covered by vegetation. At the same time, 16.45% equivalents to 350.43 km2 are greening, and 0.25%, i.e., 5.43 km2 are found browning. In treeline ecotone, the vegetation is mostly occupied by grasses, shrublands and small trees where the NDVI was found from 0.1 to 0.5. The relative changes of NDVI in barren lands are negative and vegetative lands above 0.5 NDVI are positive between 2000 and 2017. The dominant treeline vegetation were Abies spectabilis, Rhododendron campanulatum, Betula utilis and Sorbus microphyla, with the vegetation density of 839.28 and 775 individuals per hectare in sites A and B, respectively. The higher average NDVI values, significantly increased NDVI, and higher density of vegetation in both A and B sites indicate that the vegetation in treeline ecotone is obtaining a good environment in the Himalayas of Nepal.
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Wang, Zhicheng, Yukun Kang, Yan Wang, Yuchen Tan, Baohui Yao, Kang An, and Junhu Su. "Himalayan Marmot (Marmota himalayana) Redistribution to High Latitudes under Climate Change." Animals 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13172736.

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Climate warming and human activities impact the expansion and contraction of species distribution. The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) is a unique mammal and an ecosystem engineer in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). This pest aggravates grassland degradation and is a carrier and transmitter of plagues. Therefore, exploring the future distribution of Himalayan marmots based on climate change and human activities is crucial for ecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, and public health safety. Here, a maximum entropy model was explored to forecast changes in the distribution and centroid migration of the Himalayan marmot in the 2050s and 2070s. The results implied that the human footprint index (72.80%) and altitude (16.40%) were the crucial environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of Himalayan marmots, with moderately covered grassland being the preferred habitat of the Himalayan marmot. Over the next 30–50 years, the area of suitable habitat for the Himalayan marmot will increase slightly and the distribution center will shift towards higher latitudes in the northeastern part of the plateau. These results demonstrate the influence of climate change on Himalayan marmots and provide a theoretical reference for ecological management and plague monitoring.
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Pratap, Bhanu, Parmanand Sharma, Lavkush Patel, Ajit T. Singh, Vinay Kumar Gaddam, Sunil Oulkar, and Meloth Thamban. "Reconciling High Glacier Surface Melting in Summer with Air Temperature in the Semi-Arid Zone of Western Himalaya." Water 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081561.

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In Himalaya, the temperature plays a key role in the process of snow and ice melting and, importantly, the precipitation phase changes (i.e., snow or rain). Consequently, in longer period, the melting and temperature gradient determine the state of the Himalayan glaciers. This necessitates the continuous monitoring of glacier surface melting and a well-established meteorological network in the Himalaya. An attempt has been made to study the seasonal and annual (October 2015 to September 2017) characteristics of air temperature, near-surface temperature lapse rate (tlr), in-situ glacier surface melting, and surface melt simulation by temperature-index (T-index) models for Sutri Dhaka Glacier catchment, Lahaul-Spiti region in Western Himalaya. The tlr of the catchment ranges from 0.3 to 6.5 °C km−1, varying on a monthly and seasonal timescale, which suggests the need for avoiding the use of standard environmental lapse rate (SELR ~6.5 °C km−1). The measured and extrapolated average air temperature (tavg) was found to be positive on glacier surface (4500 to 5500 m asl) between June and September (summer). Ablation data calculated for the balance years 2015–16 and 2016–17 shows an average melting of −4.20 ± 0.84 and −3.09 ± 0.62 m w.e., respectively. In compliance with positive air temperature in summer, ablation was also found to be maximum ~88% of total yearly ice melt. When comparing the observed and modelled ablation data with air temperature, we show that the high summer glacier melt was caused by warmer summer air temperature and minimum spells of summer precipitation in the catchment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Himalaya (Inde)"

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Bernardy, de Sigoyer Julia de. "Mécanismes d'exhumation des roches de haute pression basse température en contexte de convergence continentale (Tso Morari, NO Himalaya)." Lyon 1, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877529.

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Au travers de l'étude pétrologique, géochronologique et structurale du dôme éclogitique du Tso Morari (E-Ladakh, Himalaya), les processus d'exhumation des roches de HP-BT sont discutés. La découverte d'éclogites à glaucophane, de métasédiments à jadéite-chloritoïde et de métagranites éclogitisés, implique la subduction du dôme du Tso Morari à plus de 70 km de profondeur (20 ± 3 kbar ; 580 ± 50°C). Son exhumation s'accompagne d'une décompression quasi-isothermale jusqu'à 40-30 km. Puis elle est associée à une augmentation de température (630 ± 30°C), et s'achève dans le faciès des Schistes Verts. Les unités adjacentes au dôme du Tso Morari sont peu métarmorphiques (faciès Schistes Verts ) et de nature différente. La chimie des basaltes montre une origine d'avant arc pour l'ophiolite de Nidar et d'OIB pour les unités de Drakkarpo et Ribil ; les roches basiques du Tso Morari sont au contraire des tholéiites continentales. L'origine indienne du Tso Morari est confirmée par les âges des orthogneisses à 458-457 Ma en Sm/Nd et Rb/Sr. La subduction de la marge indienne, est datée à 60-55 Ma par U-Pb et Lu-Hf. L'exhumation débute rapidement (≥ 4mm. An-1) entre 55 ± 7 Ma (Sm-Nd sur Grt-Gln-RT) et 48-45 Ma (Rb/Sr et 39Ar/40Ar sur des métapélites rétromorphosées), en contexte de subduction. L'exhumation se poursuit plus lentement (≈ 2 mm. An-1) de 48-45 Ma à 30 ± 1 Ma (âges 39Ar/40Ar sur micas), en contexte de collisions. Les structures (D1-D2), liées à l'extrusion verticale du dôme, sont indépendantes de celles des unités adjacentes. La transition entre D1, témoin d'un raccourcissement horizontal, et de D3 associé à du raccourcissement vertical , passe par un régime de déformation en constriction (D2). Les changements pétrologiques, structuraux et géochronologiques sont corrélés à des changements de géométrie à l'échelle des plaques. L'exhumation du Tso Morari débute par extrusion verticale à travers le coin mantéllique serpentinisé, en contexte de subduction continentale oblique. Puis le dôme est exhumé plus lentement à travers la croûte, à la faveur du sous-plaquage du cristallin du Haut Himalaya sous le Tso Morari, provoquant un épaississement crustal important, en contexte de collision. A partir de cette évolution, defférents modèles d'exhymations sont discutés
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Gilbert, Eric. "Évolution structurale d'une chaine de collision : Structures et déformation dans le nord de la plaque indienne en Himalaya du Ladakh (cristallin du haut Himalaya et séries téthysiennes)." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT2271.

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Analyse comparee de l'evolution cinematique des series sedimentaires de la plateforme indienne et du sommet de la dalle du tibet en himalayaya du ladakh. L'histoire de la deformation peut etre resumee en trois etapes: epaissisement crustal, raccourcisssement vertical et raccourcisssement horizontal
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Vandenhelsken, Mélanie. "Le monastère bouddhique de Pemayangtse au Sikkim (Himalaya Occidental, Inde) : un monastère dans le monde." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30048.

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Le monastère bouddhique de Pemayangtse, situé dans l'État himalayen du Sikkim, a la particularité de n'admettre au sein de sa communauté religieuse que les seuls membres de clans apparentés au clan royal. Ces clans constituent la noblesse lhopo, descendante de lointains émigrant du Tibet et du Bhoutan, qui fonda le royaume bouddhiste du Sikkim au XVIIe siècle, et domina les populations locales. Cette étude aborde la question des relations entre ordre temporel et ordre spirituel dans cette région. L'implication du monastère dans la société étant au cœur du sujet, ce dernier est abordé par une ethnographie de la communauté lhopo locale. Cette question est également analysée au regard de l'appartenance du Sikkim à l'Union Indienne, datant de 1975
The Buddhist monastery of Pemayangtse, located in the Himalayan State of Sikkim, allows within his religious community the only members of the clans which are related to the king. These clans compose the Lhopo nobility. They descend from ancient Tibetan and Bhutanese immigrants, the founders of the Buddhist kingdom of Sikkim in the XVIIth century, and the conquerors of the local populations. This study analyses the question of the relationship between the temporal and the spiritual orders in the area of Pemayangtse. The implication of the monastery in the society being a central subject, it is approached through an ethnography of the local Lhopo community. This question is analysed in consideration with the status of the Sikkimese state, as having been a part of the Indian Union's State since 1975
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Pordié, Laurent. "La médecine des frontières : influences, humeurs et identités chez les amchi du Ladakh, Himalaya indien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32082.

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Ce document offre l’une des premières études ethnographiques de la médecine tibétaine conduite pendant plusieurs années au sein d’un groupe réduit de praticiens. L’élite des thérapeutes (amchi) ladakhis constitue le groupe d’observation privilégié. Ces praticiens sont les agents principaux de la redéfinition sociale de cette médecine au Ladakh, au nord-ouest de l’Inde himalayenne. Ils élaborent le discours institutionnel sur la médecine tibétaine dans la région. Ce travail s’intéresse aux relations sociales qui composent ce groupe et aux comportements individuels, guidés par un ensemble variable d’enjeux et de valeurs, afin de comprendre les conditions sociales et économiques d’exercice du pouvoir, ainsi que le rôle des hiérarchies et des réseaux dans le fonctionnement du milieu étudié. Les chapitres sont organisés en cinq sections : les processus de sélection du pouvoir local et les principes de légitimation individuelle et collective, le caractère identitaire de la religion (bouddhisme et islam), le milieu associatif, les usages sociaux de la propriété intellectuelle et enfin, les ‘nouveaux guérisseurs’ tibétains. La conclusion explicite la notion de frontières donnée en intitulé. La géopolitique du Ladakh, les conquêtes de nouveaux espaces par les amchi, la protection du milieu et des savoirs, les limites entre milieux (rural/urbain, centre/périphérie), l’espace balisé de gestion du conflit, les relations sociales et leurs tensions produisent la médecine des frontières
This thesis offers one of the first, long-term ethnography on a small group of practitioners of Tibetan medicine. The studied group concerns the elite practitioners of Ladakh, Northwestern India. These individuals are an influential minority which produces the institutional narratives on Tibetan medicine in the region and represents Ladakhi amchi in the political arena both at regional and national level. They largely contribute to the social redefinition of Tibetan medicine in the region. This work focuses on the social relations making up this group and on individual behaviour patterns, which, guided by a variable set of issues and values, help questioning the social and economic conditions of power, as well as the role of hierarchies and networks in the milieu studied. The chapters are organized into five sections: the selection process of local power and the principles of individual and collective legitimation, the identity dimension of religion (Buddhism and Islam), the social life of associations, the social uses of intellectual property, and finally, 'new practitioners’ of Tibetan medicine. The conclusion elucidates the notion of borders given in the title. The geopolitics of Ladakh, the new territories of the amchi, environmental protection and the preservation of knowledge, the boundaries between areas (rural/urban, center/periphery), the social and spatial dimension of conflict management, social relationships and the tensions they create all go towards producing this medicine at the borders
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Bernède, René-Franck. "Le jāgar au Kumaon : musique, danse et rituels de possession dans l'Himalaya central." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0180.

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A la croisée de l'anthropologie religieuse et de l'ethnomusicologie, la thèse se concentre sur un culte domestique de l'Himalaya. Cette cérémonie, appelée gharau-ka jagar, "jagar de maison", est pratiquée dans la province indienne du Kumaon (Etat de l'Uttaranchal, Inde du Nord). S'inscrivant dans un champ disciplinaire dans lequel les rapports entre musique et rituel sont abordés sous l'angle de leurs modalités de performances, l'étude se veut également une réflexion sur la nature du temps musical comme manifestation interne du mouvement. Occupant une place centrale dans les processus conceptuels et dans leurs modes d'exécution, temps et mouvements apparaissent en effet ici comme les dénominateurs communs des danseurs et des musiciens.
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Deboos, Salomé. "Être musulman au Zanskar." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0301.

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Padum, aux confins de l'Himalaya indien (Etat du Jammu & Kashmir) est la seule communauté biconfessionnelle (bouddhistes et musulmanes) de la vallée du Zanskar. La recherche de terrain a été conduite de 2002 à 2007 dont un hivernage complet (2004-2005). Ce travail propose de démontrer en quoi bouddhistes et musulmans, ayant une conscience aïgue de leurs différences, conservent cependant une volonté déterminée de construire enemble une communauté à Padum. Mettre en exergue les mécanismes et stratégies partagées ou communs mis en place au niveau communautaire. Il faut alors se demander dans quelle mesure le partage d'un même espace et d'un mode de vie prévaut sur l'appartenance à un groupe confessionnel. Sur quelles bases les relations interconfessionnelles et infra-communautaires s'organisent-elles à Padum pour réguler et ordonner les rapports sociaux? Cette cohérence de la communauté de Padum ne se construit-elle pas autour de deux axes : l'un historique et l'autre politique? La thèse s'attache ainsi à discuter les notions de réciprocité et d'échange et la nature de cette réciprocité lorsqu'elle existe
Padum is the only community where two religions are practiced (Buddhism and Islam) in the great Himalayas, in the Jammu & Kashmir State of India. This research was conducted from 2002 to 2007 and covered a full winter (2004/2005). This work shows how Buddhists and Muslims, because of a keen understanding and acceptance of their differences, maintain the determination to build a community together. I aim to show the strategies and mecanisms they use to maintain this peaceful relationship. We may wonder about the definition of community, how sharing space and lifestyle affects a group's sense of belonging. How are the relationships within and between both groups organised and what are they based on (Buddhists and Muslims)? This communal cohesion shows the strong influences of politics and history. Also, I discuss the concepts of reciprocity and exchange and the nature of these as they exist in Padum
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Kapoor, Mohit. "Story of two villages : physical, social and economic analysis of the landscape of Darkot and Sharmoli (Uttarakhand, Himalayan India)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100031/document.

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La thèse constitue une analyse physique, sociale et économique du paysage de deux villages himalayens de l’Inde (Uttarakhand) : Darkot et Sharmoli, par rapport au bourg voisin de Munsiyari qui jouit de fonctions administratives, commerciales et touristiques. Sharmoli est plus proche de Munsiyari, tandis que Darkot est distant de 7 km, et à une altitude plus basse. 173 ménages furent enquêtés. Les villages sont peuplés de Bhotias (classés Scheduled Tribes mais hindous de haute caste), Thakurs (haute caste) et ex-intouchables (Scheduled Castes). Les Bhotias pratiquaient le commerce avec le Tibet, et les autres castes étaient en position de dominés, mais à partir de 1962, avec l’arrêt du commerce et le transfert des terres des Bhotias aux Thakurs leurs anciens métayers, nombre de changements sont apparus dans la vie physique, sociale et économique des deux villages. Darkot est un village très ancien où les structures de caste, de religion et les hiérarchies demeurent très visibles dans les espaces publics comme privés, tandis que Sharmoli, construit il y a 4 ou 5 décennies, est moins marqué. Les habitants des deux villages adoptent de nouveaux types de maisons, avec de nouveaux matériaux de construction et un changement d’utilisation des pièces. Mais l’utilisation du sol à Sharmoli est marquée par le tourisme, au contraire de Darkot. L’agriculture dépasse le seuil de subsistance dans les deux cas. La majorité des hommes des deux villages est engagée dans les services (commerce) mais très peu comme fonctionnaires. L’âge moyen des actifs dans les villages dépasse 40 ans, ce qui signale l’émigration des jeunes vers les villes et la présence d’un grand nombre de retraités, notamment à Darkot. Le revenu par tête dépasse le seuil de pauvreté (3 $ par jour), mais pourrait être supérieur si les qualifications étaient supérieures et les opportunités dans les villages plus abondantes. Les femmes, notamment Bhotia, travaillent souvent dans l’artisanat, et les chambres d’hôte sont devenues une bonne source de revenu pour des ménages de Sharmoli. Globalement, le système clientéliste entre les Bhotias et les deux autres castes a disparu. Mais le paysage social de Darkot témoigne de plus d’orthodoxie dans l’espace public, puisque la religion, le temple, la caste jouent un rôle important en comparaison avec Sharmoli où dominent des fêtes modernes et profanes. La situation des femmes n’est pas très bonne dans aucun des villages, et des factions existent, notamment entre Bhotias et Thakurs. Au final, Darkot comme Sharmoli montrent les caractéristiques de la tradition et de la modernité, à travers l’analyse socio-économique des espaces privés et publics
The thesis revolves around the physical, social and economic analysis of the landscape of two Himalayan villages in Uttarakhand, India: of Darkot and Sharmoli with respect to the core Munsiyari which exhibits administrative, market and tourism functions. Sharmoli is located near the core while Darkot is situated at a distance of 7 kms. and at a lower height than Sharmoli. The villages are inhabited by Bhotias (scheduled tribe as well as high-caste Hindus), Thakurs (high-caste Hindus) and lower-caste (scheduled castes) people. Around 173 families belonging to different castes are surveyed in the two villages. Bhotias used to practice trade with Tibet and the other two castes were their subordinates, but after 1962 with the stoppage of trade and transfer of Bhotias’ land to the tiller Thakurs, a lot of changes have come about in the physical, social and economic life of both the villages. The analysis of the landscape of Darkot and Sharmoli shows that Darkot is a very old village with the presence of elements of caste, religion, hierarchy etc. in its settlement pattern of private and public spaces, while Sharmoli has been constructed in the last 4-5 decades with a lower degree of influence of social and physical factors. The inhabitants of both the villages are adopting modern-design and new types of houses with contemporary construction materials while the uses of rooms are changing as per need. Land in the Sharmoli is used more for tourism-related activities which are absent in case of Darkot, while agriculture is far from subsistence level in both the villages. Majority of the male inhabitants of both the villages are engaged in service sector activities such as labour, business, private jobs etc. while very few are in government services. The average age of the earner in both the villages is beyond 40 years which shows the out-migration of young people to the towns and cities along with the presence of a large number of pensioners, esp. in Darkot. Though the villagers are not poor with regard to per-capita income, yet their earnings are lower (i.e. around $3 per day) because of poor educational qualifications and skills, along with lack of good opportunities in the villages. Women (esp. of Bhotia caste) are engaged in handicrafts while home-stays have come up as a new and good source of income for the families in Sharmoli. Overall, the patron-client relationship between Bhotias and the other two castes in economic terms has been loosened. The social landscape of Darkot depicts more orthodoxy in public space as religion, temple, caste play an important role in Darkot in comparison to Sharmoli where modern cultural and secular festivals dominate the landscape. The situation of women is not very good in both the villages while the caste factions (esp. among Bhotias and Thakurs) are clearly visible. Hence, both Darkot and Sharmoli depict characteristics of tradition and modernity depending upon the social and economic analysis of private and public spaces
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Van, Melle Jérémie. "Histoire thermochronologique et variations morphologiques en Himalaya du nord-ouest." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358121.

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La chaîne de l'Himalaya, longue de près de 2500 km, résulte de la collision des continents indien et asiatique qui a été initiée il y a 55 Ma. Depuis cette collision initiale, la morphologie des paysages au niveau de l'ensemble Himalaya/Tibet n'a pas cessé d'évoluer, façonnée par la tectonique et l'érosion. A son extrémité nord-ouest, la chaîne de l'Himalaya montre une mosaïque de reliefs contrastés. Des zo-nes aux reliefs vigoureux enchâssent des régions caractérisées par un relief faible mais à haute altitude. Le meilleur exemple en est sans doute le Plateau de Deosai. Situé à ~4000 m d'altitude moyenne sur les terrains de l'Arc Kohistan/Ladakh, il est entouré de massifs aux reliefs très incisés, tels que la chaîne du Karakorum au nord-est et le Massif du Nanga Parbat à l'ouest. Ces massifs regroupent à eux deux 6 des 14 sommets de plus de 8000 m au monde.
Cette étude présente une analyse couplée morphologique et thermochronologi-que de l'Himalaya du nord-ouest, appuyée sur deux campagnes de terrain sur et autour du Plateau de Deosai. Cette approche pluridisciplinaire nous à permis : (1) de préciser les caractéristiques morphologiques de l'Himalaya du nord-ouest et (2) d'éclairer l'histoire de la formation et de l'exhumation des régions de faible relief à haute altitude jusqu'alors peu étudiées dans ce contexte.
Les analyses morphologiques, à l'échelle du nord-ouest Himalaya, montrent que plusieurs zones de faible relief à haute altitude existent à l'ouest de la Faille du Ka-rakorum, de part et d'autre de la suture Indus-Tsangpo. Les travaux de thermo-chronologie permettent de proposer les premiers âges thermochronologiques de basse température (AFT, et (U-Th)/He sur apatite et zircon) de cette partie de l'Arc Kohistan/Ladakh. Ils suggèrent, grâce à la modélisation d'histoires thermiques et leur comparaison avec les données de la littérature, que les surfaces de faible relief à haute altitude se sont formées depuis 30 à 40 millions d'années. Ces dernières ont, depuis ce stade, évolué lentement, à la faveur de vitesse d'exhumation faible (~200 m.Ma-1), au contraire des massifs incisés dont l'exhumation est rapide (plu-sieurs km.Ma-1 pour le Nanga Parbat depuis ~10 Ma). L'étude morphologique des profils des rivières drainant le Plateau de Deosai et la modélisation thermo-cinématique de l'évolution de sa bordure nord, nous permettent de montrer que l'érosion est localisée dans les grandes vallées et peu efficace à l'intérieur du pla-teau. L'histoire d'exhumation et les caractéristiques morphologiques des régions de faible relief à haute altitude très proches de celles de l'ouest Tibétain, suggèrent qu'à l'Éocène ils ne formaient qu'un seul ensemble. Les régions de faible relief à l'ouest de la Faille du Karakorum ont petit à petit été individualisées à la faveur d'une érosion localisée dans les grandes vallées et dirigée par les grands accidents tectoniques.
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Van, Melle Jérémie. "Histoire thermochronologique et variations morphologiques en Himalaya du nord-ouest." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10308.

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La chaîne de l'Himalaya, longue de près de 2500 km, résulte de la collision des continents indien et asiatique qui a été initiée il y a 55 Ma. Depuis cette collision initiale, la morphologie des paysages au niveau de l'ensemble Himalaya/Tibet n'a pas cessé d'évoluer, façonnée par la tectonique et l'érosion. A son extrémité nord-ouest, la chaîne de l'Himalaya montre une mosaïque de reliefs contrastés. Des zo-nes aux reliefs vigoureux enchâssent des régions caractérisées par un relief faible mais à haute altitude. Le meilleur exemple en est sans doute le Plateau de Deosai. Situé à ~4000 m d'altitude moyenne sur les terrains de l'Arc Kohistan/Ladakh, il est entouré de massifs aux reliefs très incisés, tels que la chaîne du Karakorum au nord-est et le Massif du Nanga Parbat à l'ouest. Ces massifs regroupent à eux deux 6 des 14 sommets de plus de 8000 m au monde. Cette étude présente une analyse couplée morphologique et thermochronologi-que de l'Himalaya du nord-ouest, appuyée sur deux campagnes de terrain sur et autour du Plateau de Deosai. Cette approche pluridisciplinaire nous à permis : (1) de préciser les caractéristiques morphologiques de l'Himalaya du nord-ouest et (2) d'éclairer l'histoire de la formation et de l'exhumation des régions de faible relief à haute altitude jusqu'alors peu étudiées dans ce contexte. Les analyses morphologiques, à l'échelle du nord-ouest Himalaya, montrent que plusieurs zones de faible relief à haute altitude existent à l'ouest de la Faille du Ka-rakorum, de part et d'autre de la suture Indus-Tsangpo. Les travaux de thermo-chronologie permettent de proposer les premiers âges thermochronologiques de basse température (AFT, et (U-Th)/He sur apatite et zircon) de cette partie de l'Arc Kohistan/Ladakh. Ils suggèrent, grâce à la modélisation d'histoires thermiques et leur comparaison avec les données de la littérature, que les surfaces de faible relief à haute altitude se sont formées depuis 30 à 40 millions d'années. Ces dernières ont, depuis ce stade, évolué lentement, à la faveur de vitesse d'exhumation faible (~200 m. Ma-1), au contraire des massifs incisés dont l'exhumation est rapide (plu-sieurs km. Ma-1 pour le Nanga Parbat depuis ~10 Ma). L'étude morphologique des profils des rivières drainant le Plateau de Deosai et la modélisation thermo-cinématique de l'évolution de sa bordure nord, nous permettent de montrer que l'érosion est localisée dans les grandes vallées et peu efficace à l'intérieur du pla-teau. L'histoire d'exhumation et les caractéristiques morphologiques des régions de faible relief à haute altitude très proches de celles de l'ouest Tibétain, suggèrent qu'à l'Éocène ils ne formaient qu'un seul ensemble. Les régions de faible relief à l'ouest de la Faille du Karakorum ont petit à petit été individualisées à la faveur d'une érosion localisée dans les grandes vallées et dirigée par les grands accidents tectoniques
The Himalayan orogen, with a length of close to 2500 km, is the result of the col-lision of the Indian and Eurasian continents, which initiated 55 My ago. Since the onset of collision, the morphology of the Himalaya/Tibet region has not ceased to evolve, controlled by tectonics and erosion. At its north-western extremity, the Hi-malayan belt shows strongly contrasting relief, with regions of very high relief encir-cling areas characterised by high elevation and low relief. The best example of the latter areas is without doubt the Deosai Plateau. Located at ~4000 m mean eleva-tion on Kohistan/Ladakh Arc terrains, it is surrounded by strongly incised massifs such as the Karakorum and the Nanga Parbat. These two massifs contain 6 of the 14 summits with an altitude higher than 8000 m in the world. This study presents a morphological analysis coupled with a thermochronologi-cal study of the north-west Himalaya, based on two fieldwork campaigns on and around the Deosai Plateau. This multi-method approach allows us to: (1) precise the morphological characteristics of the north-western Himalayan region and (2) highlight the formation and exhumation history of the low-relief, high-elevation ar-eas, which have been little investigated in this context. Morphological analyses on the scale of the entire north-west Himalaya show that several zones of low relief at high elevation exist west of the Karakorum Fault, both north and south of the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone. The thermochronologic study allows us to present the first low-temperature thermochronology data (AFT and (U-Th)/He on apatite and zircon) from this part of the Kohistan/Ladakh Arc. Thermal history modelling using these data and their comparison with published data, sug-gest that the low-relief, high-elevation surfaces have formed since 30-40 Ma. Since this time, these surface evolved slowly, due to very low exhumation rates (~200 m. My-1), unlike the surrounding strongly incised massifs characterised by extremely high exhumation rates (several km. My-1 for the Nanga Parbat since ~10 Ma). A mor-phological study of the rivers draining the Deosai Plateau, together with thermo-kinematic modelling of the evolution of its northern border, show that erosion is localised within the major valleys and is not very efficient within the plateau. The exhumation histories and morphological characteristics of the low-relief, high-elevation regions are very similar to those from the western Tibetan Plateau, sug-gesting that in Eocene time they formed a single block. The high-elevation, low-relief areas to the west of the Karakorum Fault were individualized by localized erosion in the main river valleys, guided by the major tectonic structures
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Mohd, Farooq Azam. "Relation climat-glacier dans la zone de transition entre climat aride et mousson indienne : un cas d'étude dans l'Himachal Pradesh Inde." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU032/document.

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La région de l'Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalaya (HKH) est la plus grande région englacée de la planète, hormis les calottes polaires. Dans cette région, les mesures météorologiques et de bilans de masse sont sporadiques et les observations glaciologiques concernent essentiellement les mesures de fluctuations des fronts des glaciers. Ainsi, la réponse de ces glaciers aux changements climatiques est très mal connue. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d'améliorer la connaissance des relations entre les variables météorologiques et les bilans de masse glaciaires à partir de l'étude du glacier du Chhota Shigri situé dans l'Ouest de l'Himalaya. De nombreuses mesures in-situ de bilans de masse, de vitesses d'écoulement, d'épaisseurs et de météorologie ont été réalisées depuis 2002 et au cours de ce PhD. Ces observations permettent d'analyser le comportement du glacier au regard des fluctuations climatiques. Entre 2002 et 2013, nos observations indiquent une perte de masse cumulée équivalente à une lame d'eau de -6.45 m. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des observations des flux de glace suggèrent que le glacier a connu un état proche d'un état d'équilibre avec des bilans nuls ou légèrement positifs au cours des années 1990. Nous avons dans un premier temps reconstitué les bilans de masse annuels et saisonniers depuis 1969 en utilisant un modèle degré-jour et des variables météorologiques simples, précipitations et températures. Depuis 1969, les bilans de masse sont faiblement négatifs, équivalents à -0.30 m d'eau par an. Cette reconstitution montre que le glacier était proche de l'état d'équilibre entre 1986 et 2000, ce qui confirme les résultats obtenus à partir de l'analyse des flux de glace et des mesures géodésiques. Cette étude montre également que la perte de masse glaciaire est récente et révèle des fluctuations de bilans de masse avant l'année 2000 très différentes de ce que l'on trouve dans la littérature. L'analyse des bilans de masse à l'échelle décennale révèle que les précipitations hivernales et les températures estivales jouent un rôle sensiblement équivalent. Afin de comprendre plus en détail les variables climatiques qui contrôlent le bilan de masse, nous avons, dans un second temps, analysé les flux d'énergie en surface à l'aide de stations météorologiques situées sur le glacier et à proximité du glacier. Le rayonnement de courtes longueurs d'onde contrôlent 80 % des flux d'énergie entrant en surface alors que les flux de chaleur latente, sensible et de conduction contribuent pour 13, 5 et 2 % respectivement du flux entrant total. Par ailleurs, notre étude montre que les événements de fortes précipitations au cours de la période de mousson jouent un rôle essentiel sur l'évolution des bilans de masse. Néanmoins, à cause du manque de données de précipitation dans cette région et le fort gradient régional, la distribution des précipitations sur le glacier reste mal connue
The Hindu-Kush Karakoram Himalayan (HKH) region is the largest snow and ice reservoir on the planet outside the Polar Regions. In the HKH region the mass balance and meteorological observations are sparse and the historical knowledge is mainly concentrated on snout fluctuation records. Hitherto, the understanding of glacier-climate relationship is poor in the HKH region. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to improve the understanding of glacier-climate relationship on a representative glacier ‘Chhota Shigri' in the western Himalaya. A number of in-situ measurements concerning mass balances, surface velocity, ice thickness and meteorology have been collected during and before the present PhD work since 2002. These data sets were first analyzed to understand the glacier behaviour and then used in the models to understand the glacier relationship with climatic variables. Between 2002 and 2013, glacier showed a mass wastage/unsteady-state conditions with a cumulative mass loss of –6.45 m w.e. Further, the ice flux analysis over 2002-2010 suggested that the glacier has experienced a period of steady-state or slightly positive mass balance during the 1990s. We first reconstructed the annual and seasonal mass balances using a degree day model from simple meteorological variables, precipitation and temperature. This reconstruction allowed us to examine the mass balances between 1969 and 2012. Since 1969, Chhota Shigri showed a moderate mean mass wastage at a rate of −0.30 m w.e. a-1. A period of steady-state between 1986 and 2000, already suggested by ice flux analysis and geodetic measurements, was confirmed. The mass balance evolution of this glacier revealed that the mass wastage is recent and provide a very different pattern than that of usually found in the literature on western Himalayan glaciers. The analysis of decadal time scale mass balances with meteorological variables suggested that winter precipitation and summer temperature are almost equally important drivers controlling the mass balance pattern of this glacier. Second, in order to understand the detailed physical basis of climatic drivers, a surface energy balance study was also performed using the in-situ meteorological data from the ablation area of Chhota Shigri Glacier. Net all-wave radiation was the main heat flux towards surface with 80% contribution while sensible, latent heat and conductive heat fluxes shared 13%, 5% and 2% of total heat flux, respectively. Our study showed that the intensity of snowfall events during the summer-monsoon is among the most important drivers responsible for glacier-wide mass balance evolution of Chhota Shigri Glacier. However, due to the lack of precipitation measurements and the strong precipitation gradient in this region, the distribution of precipitation on the glacier remains unknown and needs further detailed investigations
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Books on the topic "Himalaya (Inde)"

1

Mascle, Georges H. Himalaya-Tibet: La collision continentale Inde-Eurasie. Paris: Vuibert, 2010.

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Hôtel Drouot. Préhistoire, archéologie égyptienne, grecque et romaine, archéologie chinoise, Extrême Orient, Inde et Himalaya, art précolombien, art océanien, art africain. Paris: Hôtel Drouot, 2003.

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Sŭlp'ŭn Indo: Indo Himallaya pangnanggi. Sŏul-si: Buk Hausŭ, 2000.

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Languages of the Himalayas: An ethnolinguistic handbook of the greater Himalayan Region : containing an introduction to the symbiotic theory of language. Leiden: Brill, 2001.

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1959-, Saxena Anju, and Himalayan Languages Symposium (7th : 2001 : Uppsala, Sweden), eds. Himalayan languages: Past and present. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004.

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Doon Library and Research Centre (Dehra Dūn, India) and International Seminar, Unfolding Central Himalaya: the Cradle of Culture (2015 : Dehra Dūn, India), eds. Unfolding Central Himalaya: The cradle of culture (December 11-14, 2015). Dehra Dun, India: M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 2016.

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Indo-US Workshop on "Paleoseismicity with reference to Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Himalaya" (1997 Dehra Dun, India). Paleoseismicity & seismic hazard assessment in the Himalaya: Selected papers presented at the Indo-US Workshop on "Paleoseismicity with reference to Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Himalaya" held at Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun, India (26-28 March, 1997). Edited by Thakur V. C, Yeats Robert S, Virdi N. S, and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. Dehra Dun, India: Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 1999.

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Indo-US Workshop on "Paleoseismicity with reference to Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Himalaya" (1997 Dehra Dun, India). Paleoseismicity & seismic hazard assessment in the Himalaya: Selected papers presented at the Indo-US Workshop on "Paleoseismicity with reference to Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Himalaya" held at Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun, India (26-28 March, 1997). Edited by Thakur V. C, Yeats Robert S, Virdi N. S, and Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. Dehra Dun, India: Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 1999.

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Matthiessen, Peter. Snježni leopard. Zagreb: Naklada Jesenski i Turk, 2009.

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The snow leopard. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Himalaya (Inde)"

1

Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad. "Environmental Index." In Sustainable Forest Management in the Himalaya, 83–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21936-8_7.

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Apollo, Michal, Viacheslav Andreychouk, Joanna Mostowska, and Karun Rawat. "Indo-Himalayan Protected Areas: Peak-Hunters, Pilgrims and Mountain Tourism." In Nature-Based Tourism in Asia’s Mountainous Protected Areas, 223–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76833-1_11.

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Dhanya, J., S. Jayalakshmi, and S. T. G. Raghukanth. "Broadband Ground Motion in Indo-Gangetic Basin for Hypothetical Earthquakes in Himalaya." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 351–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8138-0_28.

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Pandey, Arvind Chandra, Shubham Bhattacharjee, Munizzah Salim, and Chandra Shekhar Dwivedi. "Modeling Avalanche Susceptible Zones across the Indo-China Border around the Galwan Valley, Ladakh (India)." In Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability, Volume 2, 53–68. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003265160-5.

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Bhardwaj, Ankita, and Suraj Kumar Singh. "Geospatial Approach for Water Quality Index Mapping for Drinking Purpose in Guna District, Madhya Pradesh, India." In Water, Cryosphere, and Climate Change in the Himalayas, 317–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67932-3_19.

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Behera, Mukunda Dev, VS Chitale, S. Matin, S. Mahanand, and Pulakesh Das. "Relating Vegetation Community Distribution and Diversity to Their Environmental Settings in Part of the Indo-Gangetic Region." In Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability, Volume 1, 301–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268383-20.

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Kumar, Sandeep, Bikash Ranjan Parida, Mukunda Dev Behera, and Nilendu Singh. "Estimating GPP over Croplands Using PlanetScope High-Resolution Satellite Data, Vegetation Index, and Photosynthetically Active Radiation on Majuli Islands in Assam." In Handbook of Himalayan Ecosystems and Sustainability, Volume 1, 163–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268383-12.

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Devi, Pangeijam Bijaya, Panna Deb, and Huidrom Birkumar Singh. "Promotion, Utilization, and Commercial Cultivation of Local Spices with Special Reference to Eryngo (Eryngium foetidum L.) as a Measure for Livelihood Improvement Towards Achieving the Goal of Sustainable Development in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot: A Case Study From Manipur, North-East India." In Climate Change Adaptation, Risk Management and Sustainable Practices in the Himalaya, 253–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24659-3_12.

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Chitale, Vishwas Sudhir, Sunil Thapa, Mir A. Matin, Kamala Gurung, Shankar Adhikari, and Rabindra Maharjan. "Climate-Resilient Forest Management in Nepal." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 127–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_7.

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AbstractForests play a vital role in combating climate change and mitigating its effects. In the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), they are an important source of livelihood for the region’s growing population. With forest degradation and deforestation increasing, it has become all the more necessary to have a reliable climate resilient forest management system. At present, lack of precise information on forest degradation and the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems hinder the conservation, planning and management of forest ecosystems in Nepal. We attempt to tackle this issue in collaboration with Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC), Nepal, by providing scientific and reliable data on vulnerability of forests to anthropogenic factors and climate change using geospatial tools and techniques. We introduced a two-way multitier approach in Nepal to support the identification and implementation of adaptation and management strategies with special focus on forest ecosystems. It aims to reduce the vulnerability of forests to climate change and the degradation of forest ecosystems due to anthropogenic drivers. We used multispectral satellite datasets, data on climate trends and projections, and published data on extraction of forest resources in the study area. We then used data mining to quantify the influence of temperature and precipitation on functioning of forests by using MODIS data of net primary productivity, leaf area index, evapotranspiration and climatic trends and projections data. Finally, we overlayed the forest degradation map on forest climate sensitivity map to identify the hotspots of degradation and sensitivity needing immediate attention. These hotspots are defined as “adaptation footprints”, which help decision makers to prioritize their activities within their district. Most of the forest ecosystems in mid-western and far-western Nepal are highly sensitive to observed and predicted impacts of climate change, which need immediate prioritization and management. The products of this study are accessible through a web-based decision support tool, which will help decision makers at district and province level to prioritize the activities of forest management.
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Roy, Pankaj. "Interactions of Hydrological Parameters and the Effects on Perennial Riverbanks of the Indo-Bhutan Region in Eastern Himalaya." In Advances in Water Resource Planning and Sustainability, 253–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3660-1_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Himalaya (Inde)"

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Singh, Dharmendra, and Sarnam Singh. "Leaf area index retrieval using Hyperion EO-1 data-based vegetation indices in Himalayan forest system." In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Allen M. Larar, Prakash Chauhan, Makoto Suzuki, and Jianyu Wang. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2228151.

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Yadav, Rahul, and Tara Chand. "Remote sensing to assess surface water quantity scenarios using normalized difference water index in the lesser Himalayan region." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XXI, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2533225.

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Mehrotra, Sonakshi, Anil Kumar, and Arijit Roy. "Vegetation Index-Based Classification of Pinus roxburghii and Quercus leucotricophora in Himalayan Temperate Forest Using Fuzzy Machine Learning Model." In 2023 IEEE India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (InGARSS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ingarss59135.2023.10490377.

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Fayyaz, Najwa, Naveed Ahsan, and Abid Ali. "Advanced Seismic Interpretation, Multivariate Attribute Analysis, and Petrophysical Evaluation Techniques for Holistic Structural and Reservoir Characterization of the Joya Mair Oilfield, NW-Himalayas, Pakistan." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2023-0347.

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Abstract Seismic and Petrophysical techniques were applied to illustrate subsurface structural analysis and reservoir characterization. Seismic assessment is essential for characterizing the underground anatomy and analyzing the petroleum prospects of the designated geographical region. Density, Resistivity, Caliper, Neutron porosity, photoelectric absorption (PEFZ), Gamma-ray, and spontaneous potential logs were used to carry out petrophysical analysis. A standard logging mechanism for fracture demarcation has been addressed in the present research. The investigated site is situated in Pakistan’s Upper Indus Basin which is split apart by the Potwar and Kohat regions. Minwal X-1 well located in Joya Mair oilfield has been chosen for this study. The area possesses a triangular domain resulting from compressional tectonic movements. The Minwal-Joyamair field has a distinctive history of hydrocarbon production with complicated stratigraphy and structure. Fracture porosity drives the emergence of Eocene limestone strata. The existence of fractured zones in the Chorgali formation and Sakesar limestone is demonstrated by using well-log responses along with the Secondary Porosity Index (SPI). Researchers can benefit through the method of figuring out hydrocarbon regions with the assistance of traditional well logging. The evidence of fracturing in Eocene limestone is confirmed through all the conventional log responses and cross-plots.
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Siddique, Sabbir, and Faria Sharmin. "Seismic demand assessment for 20km long Elevated Expressway in Chattogram, Bangladesh." In IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.0150.

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<p>Bangladesh is surrounded by 2500km long Himalayan Frontal Thrust at North and by Indo-Myanmar Subduction zone at the East. These two fault zones are primary source of many large historic earthquakes that had occurred along the border of Bangladesh extended from North and wrapping East. The Chattogram region of Bangladesh is hilly and experiences frequent smaller earthquake shaking compare to other area of the country.</p><p>The Elevated Expressway (EEW) project being constructed from Airport to Lalkhan Bazar in Chattogram city by Chattogram Development Authority (CDA) is almost 20km long elevated bridge structure made of Concrete and partly of Steel that runs through a much-crowed habitat. Due to scarcity of land at grade, the EEW is supported on single pier thus with no redundancy in Earthquake Resistance System (ERS).</p><p>Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) provides only Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for 2475 years return period. The Country is divided into four seismic zones with PGA varies from 0.12g to 0.36g. Data required for seismic analysis of a bridge using AASHTO Code requires PGA associated with 1000 years return period, horizontal response spectral acceleration coefficients for different structural periods are not readily available in BNBC. Interpolation of data from only two available data [225yrs. from BNBC/93 and 2475 yrs. from BNBC/2020] may not reflect the correct risk scenario.</p><p>To calculate the seismic risk for EEW Project, Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis [PSHA] was done and compared with the data available in the Code to finalize seismic risk parameters for the EEW Project.</p>
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Villasenor, Gabriel, Karl Lang, Paul Betka, Raghupratim Rakshit, and Daniel F. Stockli. "OLIGO-MIOCENE REORGANIZATION OF EASTERN HIMALAYAN RIVER SYSTEMS: NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM DETRITAL ZIRCON (U-TH)/PB PROVENANCE ANALYSIS OF THE BARAIL GROUP, NORTHERN INDO-BURMAN RANGES." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-366549.

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Reports on the topic "Himalaya (Inde)"

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Jameel, Yusuf, Paul West, and Daniel Jasper. Reducing Black Carbon: A Triple Win for Climate, Health, and Well-Being. Project Drawdown, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55789/y2c0k2p3.

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Black carbon – also referred to as soot – is a particulate matter that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. As a major air and climate pollutant, black carbon (BC) emissions have widespread adverse effects on human health and climate change. Globally, exposure to unhealthy levels of particulate matter, including BC, is estimated to cause between three and six million excess deaths every year. These health impacts – and the related economic losses – are felt disproportionately by those living in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, BC is a potent greenhouse gas with a short-term global warming potential well beyond carbon dioxide and methane. Worse still, it is often deposited on sea ice and glaciers, reducing reflectivity and accelerating melting, particularly in the Arctic and Himalayas. Therefore, reducing BC emissions results in a triple win, mitigating climate change, improving the lives of more than two billion people currently exposed to unclean air, and saving trillions of dollars in economic losses. Today, the majority of BC emissions stem from just a handful of sectors and countries. Over 70% of BC comes from the residential and transportation sectors, with the latter being the dominant source in high-income countries and the former driving emissions in low- and middle-income nations. On a country-level, China and India are the biggest emitters accounting for one-third of global BC emissions. When combined with Brazil, Indonesia, and Nigeria, these five countries alone emit 50% of all BC. While BC emissions trends over the past 20 years have been inconsistent globally, there has been a notable decline in Europe, North America, and China. Conversely, emissions have been rising in regions like Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends deep reductions in BC emissions by 2030 to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of limiting warming to below 1.5°C, yet very few countries have addressed BC in their climate plans. Fortunately, solutions that can rapidly reduce BC emissions by the end of this decade are readily available. By implementing the right policies, deploying targeted interventions in hotspots, and redirecting climate finance, policymakers and funders can mitigate the climate effects of BC while saving millions of lives and trillions of dollars. Below are key recommendations to achieve these aims based on the findings of this report: Urgently implement clean cooking solutions Providing clean cooking fuels and technologies in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in the hotspots of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Nigeria, and Uganda, can significantly reduce BC emissions. Countries with low penetration of clean cooking fuel must urgently develop policies that make clean cooking a priority for health and climate. Target transportation to reduce current – and prevent future – emissions Retrofitting older diesel engines with diesel particulate filters can remove up to 95% of BC. Countries around the world must implement policies to phase out polluting vehicles, set emission standards, and accelerate the uptake of EVs and hybrids, especially in urban regions where transportation demand is growing rapidly. A successful shift to EVs demands national investments complemented with international financing and private capital. Multilateral development banks need to play a pivotal role in this transition, with strategies like concessional finance to fast-track key projects and stimulate private sector investment. Reduce BC from the shipping industry BC emissions from the shipping industry must be urgently reduced to protect the Arctic ecosystem. Shifting shipping away from heavy fuel oil and equipping ships with diesel particulate filters is a cost-effective approach that would quickly and significantly reduce emissions. Regulate air quality Stringent emissions standards, clean air laws, baselines, and mandatory monitoring programs can effectively reduce BC emissions. Such policies have already resulted in large reductions in Europe, North America, and, more recently, China. However, several low- and middle-income countries have no legal protection for ambient air quality and lack legislatively-mandated standards. Implementing strong and legally binding policies can result in a large decrease in BC emissions, particularly across the transportation and industry sectors. Include BC in nationally determined contributions and the UNFCCC Only 12 countries have explicitly addressed BC in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This limited focus on BC is partly due to its omission from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) list of climate pollutants, an oversight that should be reconsidered given that reducing BC would save countless lives and slow global warming. As nations review their NDCs by 2025, they must incorporate BC reduction efforts to meet climate and well-being targets. Improve BC measurements and estimates BC estimates are plagued by uncertainties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate inventories in order to develop better emission reduction plans. Stakeholders must collaborate to develop a consistent BC measurement protocol, prioritize the collection of high-quality data, and use state of the art models to enhance estimates and reduce uncertainties.
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