Relevant bibliographies by topics / Himalayan mountains

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Himalayan mountains'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Himalayan mountains"

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Feng, Han, Huayu Lu, Barbara Carrapa, Hanzhi Zhang, Jun Chen, Ying Wang, and Peter D. Clift. "Erosion of the Himalaya-Karakoram recorded by Indus Fan deposits since the Oligocene." Geology 49, no. 9 (June 3, 2021): 1126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48445.1.

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Abstract The Cenozoic erosion history of the Himalaya-Karakoram, which is a function of tectonically driven uplift and monsoon climatic evolution in South Asia, remains elusive, especially prior to the Miocene. Here, we present a multiproxy geochemical and thermochronological analysis of the oldest samples available from the Arabian Sea, which we used to investigate the erosion history of the Himalayan and Karakoram orogenic system. The Indus Fan records rapid and sustained erosion of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains from before 24 Ma (ca. 30) to ca. 16 Ma concurrent with changing provenance from the Indian (Himalayan) and Eurasian plates. Our data, combined with previous studies of younger Indus Fan deposits, indicate that the mid-to-late Cenozoic erosion history of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains is overall consistent with a vigorous monsoonal climate from the late Oligocene to middle Miocene and with changes in global climate in the late Miocene, whereas erosion and deposition are relatively insensitive to changes in sources and rock erodibility. Although tectonic processes were active throughout, we suggest that the erosional signatures of the Himalayan-Karakoram mountains from the Indus Fan largely preserve a record of climate changes since the Oligocene.
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Liu, Hai-rui, Qing-bo Gao, Fa-qi Zhang, Gulzar Khan, and Shi-long Chen. "Westwards and northwards dispersal ofTriosteum himalayanum(Caprifoliaceae) from the Hengduan Mountains region based on chloroplast DNA phylogeography." PeerJ 6 (May 11, 2018): e4748. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4748.

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The varying topography and environment that resulted from paleoorogeny and climate fluctuations of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains (HHM) areas had a considerable impact on the evolution of biota during the Quaternary. To understand the phylogeographic pattern and historical dynamics ofTriosteum himalayanum(Caprifoliaceae), we sequenced three chloroplast DNA fragments (rbcL-accD,rps15-ycf1, andtrnH-psbA) from 238 individuals representing 20 populations. Nineteen haplotypes (H1–H19) were identified based on 23 single-site mutations and eight indels. Most haplotypes were restricted to a single population or neighboring populations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that variations among populations were much higher than that within populations for the overall gene pool, as well as for the East Himalayan group (EH group) and the North Hengduan group (NHM group), but not for the Hengduan Mountains group (HM group). Ecoregions representing relatively high genetic diversity or high frequencies of private haplotypes were discovered, suggesting that this alpine herbaceous plant underwent enhanced allopatric divergence in isolated and fragmented locations during the Quaternary glaciations. The current phylogeographic structure ofT. himalayanummight be due to heterogeneous habitats and Quaternary climatic oscillations. Based on the phylogeographic structure ofT. himalayanumpopulations, the phylogenetic relationship of identified haplotypes and palaeodistributional reconstruction, we postulated both westwards and northwards expansion from the HM group for this species. The westwards dispersal corridor could be long, narrow mountain areas and/or the Yarlung Zangbo Valley, while the northwards movement path could be south–north oriented mountains and low-elevation valleys.
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Kattel, Giri R. "Changing Ecological and Hydrological Conditions in the Himalayan Mountains and Measures of Future Adaptation." Jalawaayu 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jalawaayu.v1i1.36447.

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The Himalayan mountains are one of the important geographical settings of the planet Earth for the source of global freshwaters. The freshwaters from the Himalayas are life supporting systems of the millions of people residing in downstream Asia. However, the high-altitude mountains of the Himalayas have gone through considerable transformations in hydrology and ecology over the recent past. In the 21st century, the hydrological flow regimes of glacial-fed rivers are threatened by both climate change and human disturbances. Rapidly changing temperature and the frequency, duration and timing of monsoonal precipitation have altered glacier melt, river flow, flood, and downstream volume of water. As a result, the ecosystems and biodiversity as well as irrigation-dependent agriculture in the region is profoundly impacted. The fundamental challenge today is therefore to address the issue of water resources through understanding of hydrological and ecological changes of lake and river systems in the region. Ecohydrology is a sustainability concept, which addresses water resource management through understanding of water cycle, including hydrological processes of rivers and lakes and the structure, and function of ecosystems. Putting ecohydrology at the center of the water resource management program, this mini review discusses rapid ecological and hydrological changes of freshwater systems in the Himalayan mountains and suggested some of the key future adaptation strategies of water resources to rapidly changing regional environment.
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Alford, D., and R. Armstrong. "The role of glaciers in stream flow from the Nepal Himalaya." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 469–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-469-2010.

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Abstract. Recent concerns related to the potential impacts of the retreat of Himalayan glaciers on the hydrology of rivers originating in the catchment basins of the Himalaya have been accompanied by few analyses describing the role of glaciers in the hydrologic regime of these mountains. This is, at least in part, a result of the relative inaccessibility of the glaciers of the Himalaya, at altitudes generally between 4000–7000 m, and the extreme logistical difficulties of: 1) reaching the glaciers, and 2) conducting meaningful research once they have been reached. It is apparent that an alternative to traditional "Alpine" glaciology is required in the mountains of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region. The objectives of the study discussed here have been to develop methodologies that will begin to quantify the role of complete glacier systems in the hydrologic regime of the Nepal Himalaya, and to develop estimates of the potential impact of a continued retreat of these glacier, based on the use of disaggregated low-altitude data bases, topography derived from satellite imagery, and simple process models of water and energy exchange in mountain regions. While the extent of mesoscale variability has not been established by studies to date, it is clear that the dominant control on the hydrologic regime of the tributaries to the Ganges Basin from the eastern Himalaya is the interaction between the summer monsoon and the 8000 m of topographic relief represented by the Himalayan wall. All the available evidence indicates that the gradient of specific runoff with altitude resulting from this interaction is moderately to strongly curvilinear, with maximum runoff occurring at mid-altitudes, and minima at the altitudinal extremes. At the upper minimum of this gradient, Himalayan glaciers exist in what has been characterized as an "arctic desert". The methodologies developed for this study involve the relationship between area-altitude distributions of catchment basins and glaciers, based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM3) data and water and energy exchange gradients. Based on these methodologies, it is estimated that the contribution of glacier annual melt water to annual stream flow into the Ganges Basin from the glacierized catchments of the Nepal Himalaya represents approximately 4% of the total annual stream flow volume of the rivers of Nepal, and thus, is a minor component of the annual flow of the Ganges River. The models developed for this study indicate that neither stream flow timing nor volume of the rivers flowing into the Ganges Basin from Nepal will be affected materially by a continued retreat of the glaciers of the Nepal Himalaya.
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Veh, Georg, Oliver Korup, and Ariane Walz. "Hazard from Himalayan glacier lake outburst floods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914898117.

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Sustained glacier melt in the Himalayas has gradually spawned more than 5,000 glacier lakes that are dammed by potentially unstable moraines. When such dams break, glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) can cause catastrophic societal and geomorphic impacts. We present a robust probabilistic estimate of average GLOFs return periods in the Himalayan region, drawing on 5.4 billion simulations. We find that the 100-y outburst flood has an average volume of 33.5+3.7/−3.7 × 106 m3 (posterior mean and 95% highest density interval [HDI]) with a peak discharge of 15,600+2,000/−1,800 m3⋅s−1. Our estimated GLOF hazard is tied to the rate of historic lake outbursts and the number of present lakes, which both are highest in the Eastern Himalayas. There, the estimated 100-y GLOF discharge (∼14,500 m3⋅s−1) is more than 3 times that of the adjacent Nyainqentanglha Mountains, and at least an order of magnitude higher than in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Western Himalayas. The GLOF hazard may increase in these regions that currently have large glaciers, but few lakes, if future projected ice loss generates more unstable moraine-dammed lakes than we recognize today. Flood peaks from GLOFs mostly attenuate within Himalayan headwaters, but can rival monsoon-fed discharges in major rivers hundreds to thousands of kilometers downstream. Projections of future hazard from meteorological floods need to account for the extreme runoffs during lake outbursts, given the increasing trends in population, infrastructure, and hydropower projects in Himalayan headwaters.
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Rasmussen, Kristen L., and Robert A. Houze. "A Flash-Flooding Storm at the Steep Edge of High Terrain: Disaster in the Himalayas." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00236.1.

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Flash floods on the edge of high terrain, such as the Himalayas or Rocky Mountains, are especially dangerous and hard to predict. The Leh flood of 2010 at the edge of the Himalayan Plateau in India is an example of the tragic consequences of such storms. The flood occurred over a high mountain river valley when, on three successive days, diurnally generated convective cells over the Tibetan Plateau gathered into mesoscale convective systems and moved off the edge of the Plateau over Leh. An easterly midlevel jet associated with a midlevel monsoon vortex over northern India and a high over Asia helped the convection organize into propagating mesoscale systems that moved over the edge of the Plateau. On the third day the mesoscale system moving off the plateau was greatly invigorated when it suddenly drew on moisture flowing upslope over the terrain. It gained maximum strength from this intake of moisture near Leh, and the heavy rains washed over the surrounding mountains and down and over the town.
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Meister, Michael W. "Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068237.

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In the first half of the eighth century, Indian craftsmen cut back a high ridge of sandstone, its back to the Beās River and the plains beyond, and carved a grand temple-complex facing northeast toward the Dhauladhar range, the first outcropping of the great Himalayan Mountains. Never completed, and damaged by successive earthquakes that sheered the stone and folded parts of the complex back into the hill, the temple at Masrur-in the modern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh-seems today half returned to its primordial condition. Its ground plan, partial section, and a roof plan, drawn by an unidentified Indian draftsman, were published in the second decade of the twentieth century, but scholarship since has neglected and misrepresented the site. It is possible to reconstruct the intention of the planning of this important complex, however, and to reposition it in a historical and symbolic context. Its creation not only marked a movement of political power into the hills in the eighth century, but also mapped cosmological power and kingship in a new way. The metaphor of temple as mountain runs throughout India's traditions of building, but, as this article demonstrates, the temple at Masrur, beyond all others from the Indian subcontinent, provides the antecedent and conceptual model for the great "temple-mountains" of Cambodia soon to be built by kings in southeast Asia.
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Wang, Zhengyang, Darong Yang, Rawal Janak, and Naomi E. Pierce. "Report on the Emergence Time of a Species of Thitarodes Ghost Moth (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), Host of the Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae) in Uttarakhand, India." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 4 (May 25, 2020): 2031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa096.

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Abstract Ghost moths in the genus Thitarodes Viette, 1968, are hosts of the economically important caterpillar fungus, which is harvested in high mountain meadows across the Hengduan mountains and the Himalayas. In northwestern India, although caterpillar fungus has been collected in the state of Uttarakhand, no adults of Thitarodes species have been recorded. We report the sighting of a female pupa of Thitarodes sp. and its last-instar molt at Munsiyari, Uttarakhand, India, on 5 July 2019 and estimate that the adult emergence time in this habitat should be late July or early August. Although the habitats of caterpillar fungus in Uttarakhand are geographically closer to those in Nepal, they are climatically more similar to habitats of caterpillar fungus in Qinghai province in China. Among records at the same elevation, climatic variables are highly predictive of the emergence date of Thitarodes adults (adjusted-R2: 0.7925, F = 6.27, P = 0.03). Our result highlights the role of the Himalayan mountains as both a north–south climatic barrier and an east–west climatic gradient. We encourage local stakeholders and scientists in Uttarakhand to survey adult emergences of Thitarodes from July to mid-August.
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Namgail, Tsewang, Sipke E. van Wieren, and Herbert H. T. Prins. "Distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan Mountains." Current Zoology 59, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.1.116.

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Abstract Large-scale distribution and diversity patterns of mammalian herbivores, especially less charismatic species in alpine environments remain little understood. We studied distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh to see if the distributions of less prominent and smaller herbivores can be determined from those of larger and more prominent herbivores like ungulates. Using a similarity index, we assessed shared distributions of species in 20×20 km2grid-cells in an area of about 80,000 km2. We used the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) to classify mammalian herbivores into groups with similar distributions. We then used the G-test of independence to look for statistical significance of the groups obtained. We identified six groups of mammalian herbivores with distributions more similar than expected at random. The largest group was composed of nine species whereas the other large group comprised six species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), used to relate the groups with environmental features, showed that the largest group occurred in higher and flatter areas, while the other large group occurred in lower and steeper areas. Large herbivores like ungulates can be used as surrogate for less prominent small herbivores while identifying areas for latter’s protection in the inaccessible mountainous regions of the Trans-Himalaya.
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Negi, G. C. S. "The need for micro-scale and meso-scale hydrological research in the Himalayan mountains." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 2 (June 2001): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000091.

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Mountains are fragile ecosystems and globally important as water towers of the earth. Sustainable use of mountains depends upon conservation and optimal use of soil and water resources (Ives & Messerli 1989). Despite regional and global efforts to understand the hydrology of the Himalayan region, soil and water conservation (SWC) programmes in this region mainly rely upon engineering measures. For want of cost-effective vegetative (bioengineering) measures (Deoja et al. 1991), and land use and land cover conducive to SWC, the fragile Himalayan watersheds continue to lose soil and water at alarming rates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Himalayan mountains"

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Chan, Yau-cheong Ian, and 陳有昌. "Characterizing crustal melt episodes in the Himalayan orogen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206505.

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Extensive studies have been undertaking in exploring the tectonic evolution of the Himalayan Orogen. Various tectonic models were developed to explain and constraint spatially and temporally critical events including the collision of Indian Plate with the Eurasia Plate, crustal thickening in association with the indentation, crustal spreading of the Tibetan Plateau. Recent study by King et al., 2011 identified two distinct leucogranite suites which were formed by contrasting tectonic actions at Sakya. They are Equigranular Anastomosing Leucogranite (AEG) formed under prograde fluidpresent condition while the Discrete Porphyritic Pluton Leucogranite (DPP) formed with retro-grade fluid-absent environment. Based on the characteristics of AEG and DPP, this study started with the acquisition of geochemistry data of rock samples collected for researches at various locations of the Himalaya Orogen. The two leucogranite suites were characterized through the study of their geochemistry comprised major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements models. Results of the studies concluded the existence of AEGs and DPPs distributed over the eastern area of the Himalaya Orogen beyond longitude 85 degree East. DPPs are also found at the far West location of the orogen. AEGs are typically formed from around 38Ma to 23Ma, while DPPs are of young age from 23Ma to 15Ma. Based on the observation of missing, or paucity in data for AEG and DPPs available to the west of longitude 85 degree East, it is hypothesized that recent collision of the Arabia plate to the Iran Domain inhibited the northward indentation movement of the Indian plate that not only caused the anticlockwise rotation of the Indian plate but also decreased the rate of tectonic movement of the Indian plate in the West relative to Eurasia plate. The slow rate of tectonic movement may result in insufficient thickening/energy developed within the crustal layer to cause any melting. Further studies to examine and development of the hypothesis is recommended.
published_or_final_version
Applied Geosciences
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Master of Science
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Holt, William Everett. "The active tectonics and structure of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and surrounding regions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184802.

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I determined the source parameters of 53 moderate-sized earthquakes in the region of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis through the joint inversion of regional and teleseismic distance long-period body waves. The average rates of deformation are determined by summing the moment tensors from both recent and historic earthquakes. Strike-slip movement on the Sagaing fault terminates in the north (just south of the syntaxis), where thrusting (northeast convergence) and crustal thickening are predominant. Slip vectors for thrust mechanisms in the Eastern Himalaya in general are not orthogonal to the Himalayan mountain front but show an oblique component of slip. A combination of thrust and strike-slip faulting (Molnar and Deng, 1984) for the great 1950 Assam earthquake is consistent with the rates of underthrusting in the entire Himalaya and the rate of spreading in Tibet (assuming that a 1950-type earthquake recurs every 400 years). An estimated 4-21 mm/yr of right-lateral motion between southeast Asia and the Burma subplate is absorbed within the zone of distributed shear between the Sagaing and Red River faults. A component of westward motion (3-7 mm/yr) of the western boundary of the distributed shear zone may cause some of the late Cenozoic compression and folding in the northern Indoburman Ranges. Distributed shear and clockwise rotation of blocks is also occurring in Yunnan north of the Red River Fault. The inversion of 130 regional distancewaveforms for average crustal thickness and upper mantle Pn velocity indicates an increase in Pn velocity, coincident with increase in crustal thickness, of about 0.20 km/s beneath the Tibetan Plateau. Impulsive Pn arrivals from paths that cross the Tibetan Plateau can be modeled with a positive upper mantle velocity gradient, indicating an upper mantle lid approximately 100-km-thick beneath southern Tibet. This "shield-like" structure supports a model in which Indian continental lithosphere has underthrust Tibet. The crustal shortening within Tibet 8 mm/yr is thus viewed as an upper crustal phenomenon in which the faults do not penetrate the deep crust or upper Mantle. The forces generated by the thick crust in Tibet may partly cause the strike-slip faulting and east-west convergence in Sichuan and the movement of upper crustal blocks in Yunnan.
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Gautam, Ritesh. "Aerosol-radiation-climate interactions over the Gangetic-Himalayan region." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3353.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 167. Thesis director: Menas Kafatos. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Systems an GeoInformation Sciences. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-166). Also issued in print.
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Dyck, Brendan. "Textural and petrological studies of anatexis and melt transfer in the Himalayan Orogen." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98cc1d84-d552-447d-a54a-0f028eecf0f7.

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Mineral textures, preserved in the metamorphosed sedimentary sequences that are exposed in orogenic hinterlands, are crucial to understanding the architecture and evolution of collisional mountain belts. In this thesis the textural record of anatexis and melt transfer in the Himalayan metamorphic core is decoded and the controls that these processes exert on the tectonic evolution of the Himalaya are explored. The problem is divided into two parts, corresponding to variations in protolith lithostratigraphy: melt source - the pelitic region where melt was first generated, and melt sink - the psammitic region where melt accumulated and crystallised. Dehydration melting of muscovite has long been recognized as a critical reaction for the generation of anatectic melt in the Himalaya, but a textural understanding of how this reaction progresses is limited by the inherent difficulties in identifying specific reaction products. Using samples collected from the Langtang area in central Nepal, a mechanistic model for muscovite dehydration melting was constructed, and a set of textural criteria were developed, which were used to distinguish peritectic K-feldspar from K-feldspar grains formed during melt crystallisation. Melt is transferred from the source to the sink in two stages: firstly along a pervasive network of mineral grain boundaries, and secondly via a channelised network of sills and dykes in the melt sink where it solidified as leucogranite. Variation in the primary mineral assemblage and appearance of leucogranite bodies reflect the degree of interaction that occurred between the melt and metasedimentary country rock, rather than a change in primary melt composition. The modal proportion of K-feldspar in the melt source requires vapour-absent conditions during muscovite dehydration melting and leucogranite formation, indicating that the generation of large volumes of granitic melts in orogenic belts is not necessarily contingent on an external source of fluids. The crystallisation of hydrous minerals in leucogranite consumes <15.5 % of water released by the breakdown of muscovite. These results indicate that anatexis efficiently dehydrates the middle crust and suggests that the continents have limited potential to store water over geological time.
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Pearce, Callum. "Outside the palace, the night : spirits, landscape and perception among Buddhist laity in Ladakh, Himalayan India." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=234058.

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This thesis deals with the perception and representation of spirits and landscape among Tibetan Buddhist laity in Ladakh, Himalayan India. It contrasts the conventions of Tibetan textual description of places with stories told by Ladakhi Buddhist laity, with a focus on the role played by local spirits and deities. It argues that while textual representations employing the unified and symmetrical imagery of the maṇḍala – a schematic representation of the palace of a divinity – depict the landscape as it might be known to a transcendent observer, stories about places and the spirits associated with them (lhande in Ladakhi) point to an indeterminate, fragmented and culturally unbounded world that has yet to be integrated within any single system of knowledge. This world is pieced together from multiple sources and truth claims, and from the imperfections inherent in ordinary perception; but the inconsistencies and uncertainties involved in this are not usually apparent, and are only made manifest in illness, experiences of disorder and encounters with spirits at night. These persistent uncertainties can be overcome in ritual contexts, in acts of writing or through the invocation of the faculty of divine vision: the palatial image of the maṇḍala is used to counteract the presence of the night outside. This thesis draws attention to the often overlooked role played by the limitations of perception and knowledge in understandings of landscape, and is intended to partly bridge a disciplinary divide by reconstructing the invisible context within which textual representations are created and employed.
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Walker, James David. "The structure and metamorphic evolution of the High Himalayan Slab in SE Zanskar and NW Lahaul." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc8b8fd3-e155-4f2f-9256-3667c2b31f4f.

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This thesis attempts to unravel the complex thermal and structural history of part of the High Himalayan Slab in NW India and combines reconnaissance-style field structural mapping of an area covering ~10,000 km2 with petrography, microstructural analysis, thermobarometry and geochronology techniques. The results of this work show that the oldest protoliths of the High Himalayan Slab are at least Cambrian in age and that they may have experienced a major pre-Himalayan metamorphism at c.500 Ma. The youngest protoliths are Mesozoic in age (the Tandi Group) and demonstrate that the High Himalayan Slab represents the metamorphosed equivalents of the Tibetan Sedimentary Series. Metamorphism was achieved via substantial crustal shortening and thickening following the India-Asia collision at 50-54 Ma ago. Phase relationships demonstrate that metamorphism was a regional Barrovian-type event associated with the growth of biotite-, garnet-, staurolite-, kyanite- and sillimanite-bearing assemblages in metapelites. Quantitative thermobarometry demonstrates that near-peak conditions of c.6-8 kbar and 550-650°C were attained in the deepest exposed levels. Growth of metamorphic assemblages was underway by at least 30 Ma, as indicated by U-Pb ages of metamorphic monazites. Exhumation of the High Himalayan Slab was achieved through a combination of extensional unroofing along major detachments (namely the Zanskar Shear Zone), thermal doming, thrusting along the Main Central Thrust and surface erosion. Exhumation is closely associated with the growth of sillimanite- and cordierite-bearing assemblages in pelites and the generation and emplacement of crustal melt leucogranites in the upper parts of the slab. U-Pb dating of accessory phases from one of the crustal melt leucogranites (the Gumburanjon leucogranite) constrains its crystallisation and emplacement age at c.21-22 Ma. This is only slightly older than its 40Ar/39Ar muscovite and biotite cooling ages of c.20-21 Ma, which is attributed to the emplacement of the Gumburanjon leucogranite into the immediate footwall of the ZSZ. Field and geochronological data therefore support a strong temporal and spatial relationship between upper crustal melting and extension in a convergent orogen.
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Brezina, Cynthia A. "The detrital mineral record of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Central Burma Basin : implications for the evolution of the eastern Himalayan orogen and timing of large scale river capture." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6730.

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This study contributes to the understanding of major river evolution in Southeast Asia during the Cenozoic. In order to trace the evolution of a hypothesized palaeo-Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy River, this work undertakes the first systematic provenance study of detrital minerals from Cenozoic synorogenic fluvial and deltaic sedimentary rocks of the Central Burma Basin, employing a combination of high precision geochronology, thermochronology, and geochemistry analytical techniques on single grain detrital zircon and white mica. The dataset is compared to published isotopic data from potential source terranes in order to determine source provenance and exhumation history from source to sink. A Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy connection existed as far back as ca. 42 Ma and disconnection occurred at 18–20 Ma, based on provenance changes detected using a combination of U-Pb ages and εHf(t) values on detrital zircons, and ⁴ºAr/³⁹Ar dating on detrital micas. During the Eocene and Oligocene, units are dominated by U-Pb age and high positive εHf(t) values, characteristic of a southern Lhasa Gangdese magmatic arc source. An antecedent Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy River system formed the major river draining the eastern Himalaya at this time. A significant change in provenance is seen in the early Miocene, where detritus is predominantly derived from bedrock of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, western Yunnan and Burma, a region drained by the modern Irrawaddy-Chindwin river system characterized by Cenozoic U-Pb ages and negative εHf(t) values. This is attributed to the disconnection of the Yarlung-Irrawaddy River and capture by the proto-Brahmaputra River, re-routing Tibetan Transhimalayan detritus to the eastern Himalayan foreland basin. Re-set zircon fission track ages of 14-8 Ma present in all units is used to infer post-depositional basin evolution related to changes in the stress regime accommodating the continued northward migration of India. The early Miocene initiation of the Jiali-Parlung-Gaoligong-Sagaing dextral shear zone and the continued northward movement of the coupled India-Burma plate aided in focusing deformation inside the syntaxis contributing to the disconnection of the Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy system, linking surface deformation and denudation with processes occurring at deeper crustal levels.
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Furze, Brian James 1957. "Protected areas and socio-environmental justice : the case for participatory protected area management." Monash University, School of Humanities, Communications and Social Sciences, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8744.

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Nodari, Maria Luisa. "Climbing for the nation : epics of mountaineering in Tibet." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648226.

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Mallon, David Paul. "Ecology and conservation of mountain ungulates in Ladakh, India." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267359.

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Research was carried out in a 15,000 km2 study area in central Ladakh, India. The study area is Transhimalayan in character with ecological affinities to Tibet and Central Asia. The main study species were Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, bharal Pseudois nayaur and Himalayan ibex Capra sibirica, with additional data collected on two species occurring marginally within the study area, argali Ovis ammon and kiang Equus klang. Distributions were mapped in detail. Distribution of urial was restricted to a band along the Indus valley and its tributaries. Bharal and ibex were widely distributed and apparently share the study area. Bharal occur in the eastern part of the Zanskar Range and across the eastern plateau of Ladakh. Ibex occur mainly in the western part of the Zanskar range, along the northern slopes of the Himalayan range and the southern slopes of the Ladakh range. Argali and kiang occur across eastern Ladakh and just reach the eastern edge of the study area; both have occasionally established a presence farther west. Current estimated numbers in the study area were: 500-700 urial; 6,000-10,000 bharal, 3150-6150 ibex, <50 kiang and c. 12 argali. Urial use even terrain between 3000-4250m and avoid areas with cliffs. Ibex and bharal both use altitudes up to 5000m and prefer broken, more rugged terrain which they use as escape cover. Discriminant function analysis showed a clear differentiation between urial habitat and that of ibex and bharal, but a substantial overlap in the habitat used by ibex and bharal. The habitat preferences recorded are similar to what is known of other Caprini species. The ungulate community consisted of three main species, each occupying separate parts of the study area. The abrupt boundary between the distributions of ibex and bharal was examined in the framework of parapatry theory. Conservation prospects for mountain ungulates in the study area are currently satisfactory.
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Books on the topic "Himalayan mountains"

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1945-, Gaur R. D., ed. Rangeland ecosystems in the Himalayan mountains. Delhi: Daya Pub. House, 2008.

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Peter, Potterfield, ed. Himalayan quest. Washington, D.C: National Geographic, 2003.

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Himalayan portfolios: Journeys of the imagination. North Truro, MA: Fields Pub., 2008.

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Ives, Jack D. The Himalayan dilemma: Reconciling development and conservation. [Tokyo, Japan]: United Nations University, 1989.

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Rizvi, Janet. Trans-Himalayan caravans: Merchant princes and peasant traders in Ladakh. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Himalayan Biodiversity in the Changing World. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012.

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Lall, Keshan. Gods and mountains: The folk culture of a Himalayan Kingdom : Nepal. New Delhi: Nirala Publications, 1991.

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Lall, Kesar. Gods and mountains: The folk culture of a Himalayan kingdom, Nepal. Jaipur: Nirala Publications, 1991.

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Himalayan languages and linguistics: Studies in phonology, semantics, morphology and syntax. Leiden: Brill, 2011.

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Isserman, Maurice. Fallen giants: A history of Himalayan Mountaineering from the age of empire to the age of extremes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Himalayan mountains"

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Jain, A. K. "Geological Evolution of the Himalayan Mountains." In Geodynamics of the Indian Plate, 363–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4_10.

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Khan, Abul Amir, N. C. Pant, and Rasik Ravindra. "Current Status of Himalayan Cryosphere and Adjacent Mountains." In Science and Geopolitics of The White World, 161–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57765-4_12.

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Owen, Lewis A. "Quaternary Glaciation of the Himalaya and Adjacent Mountains." In Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment, 239–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29684-1_13.

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Bhutiyani, M. R. "Mitigation Strategies to Combat Climate Change in the Himalayan Mountains." In Science and Geopolitics of The White World, 115–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57765-4_9.

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Resurrección, Bernadette P., Chanda Gurung Goodrich, Yiching Song, Aditya Bastola, Anjal Prakash, Deepa Joshi, Janwillem Liebrand, and Shaheen Ashraf Shah. "In the Shadows of the Himalayan Mountains: Persistent Gender and Social Exclusion in Development." In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment, 491–516. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_14.

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Shrestha, Kedar L. "Investigating Impacts of Global Change on the Dynamics of Snow, Glaciers and Run-off over the Himalayan Mountains." In Society of Earth Scientists Series, 23–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13743-8_3.

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Karki, Madhav B. "Harnessing the Potential of Medicinal, Aromatic and Non-timber Forest Products for Improving the Livelihoods of Pastoralists and Farmers in Himalayan Mountains." In Conservation and Utilization of Threatened Medicinal Plants, 93–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39793-7_4.

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Pathak, Shekhar. "Himalaya: Highest, Holy and Hijacked." In Globalization and Marginalization in Mountain Regions, 87–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32649-8_7.

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Riyaz, Muzafar, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, Rauf Ahmad Shah, Kuppusamy Sivasankaran, and Perumal Pandikumar. "Ethnobotany of the Himalayas—Kashmir, India." In Ethnobiology of Mountain Communities in Asia, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55494-1_2.

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Nandy, Subrata, S. P. S. Kushwaha, and Ritika Srinet. "Wildlife Habitat Evaluation in Mountainous Landscapes." In Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems, 341–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2128-3_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Himalayan mountains"

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Groeli, Robert. "Building 8500+ Trail Bridges in the Himalayas." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.125.

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<p>Mobility is one of the most challenging fundamentals of rural livelihood in the Himalayan hills and mountains. More than 8500 trail bridges, comprising an overall span-length of about 650 kilometers have been constructed to date, saving millions of walking hours for people living in the rural Himalayan areas. Previously, crossing rivers was dangerous and sometimes impossible, especially in the rainy season. These bridges created vital connections which enabled children to go to school and people to access public services and visit medical centers and sanctuaries. They also boost local economic output by reducing the effort required to run local farms, gather crops and visit regional markets.</p><p>Fig. 1:The struggles and dangers of crossing a river and its solution</p><p>Swiss technical assistance for rural trail bridges started in the early sixties with the construction of a few suspension bridges in the hill areas of Nepal. In 1964 the Nepalese Government established the Suspension Bridge Division (SBD), and starting in 1972 the Swiss Government began providing continuous technical and financial assistance. Similarly, the Public Works Department in Bhutan initiated a country wide trail bridge construction program in 1971 for which assistance was provided from 1985-2010. Exchanges of experiences between these programs created a collaborative environment where new ideas could be evaluated and tested in the field. After SBD initially developed the basic technical norms, design parameters and standard designs suitable for long-span bridges, demand for simpler shorter span bridges rose tremendously. This prompted the program to develop “community executable bridge designs” adapted to the local skills and materials while conforming to established engineering standards. As a result, cost-effective, easy to implement technologies and community-based approaches were developed, which have been replicated in numerous countries leading to multiple successful partnerships in international development cooperation.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to highlight the following outcomes of the trail bridge-program:</p><ul><li><p>Standardized cost-effective trail bridge designs based on local capabilities and bridge-building techniques</p></li><li><p>Published of manuals, technical drawings and teaching resources for design, construction and fabrication</p></li><li><p>Engaged local communities in the construction, operation and maintenance of trail bridges</p></li><li><p>Compiled comprehensive trail bridge directory for planning, monitoring and maintenance</p></li><li><p>Established Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) with institutional frameworks at national and local level</p></li><li><p>‘South-South Cooperation’ with Bhutan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Laos, Burundi, Honduras, Guatemala</p></li></ul>
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Ivanov, Andrey V. "Agrarian Specificity Of High Mountain Valleys Of Altay And Himalayas." In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.25.

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Bishop, Michael P., Andrew B. G. Bush, Andrew B. G. Bush, Iliyana D. Dobreva, Iliyana D. Dobreva, Brennan W. Young, Brennan W. Young, Da Huo, and Da Huo. "CLIMATE-TOPOGRAPHIC FORCING AND MOUNTAIN GEODYNAMICS IN THE CENTRAL KARAKORAM HIMALAYA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-297851.

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Lu, Chen. "Spatial distributing characteristics of land use in the southern slope of mid-Himalaya Mountains." In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Thomas J. Jackson, Jing Ming Chen, Peng Gong, and Shunlin Liang. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2077211.

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Naja, Manish, Samaresh Bhattacharjee, Ashish Kumar, Narendra Singh, and Phani Kumar. "ARIES ST Radar (ASTRAD) at a mountain site (Nainital) in the central Himalayas." In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursiap-rasc.2019.8738224.

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Palacios Aguilar, José del Carmen. "Chandigarh antes de Chandigarh (Cartografía de una idea)." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.639.

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Resumen: La intención es exponer las ideas que llevaron a Le Corbusier a construir su último y único proyecto urbanístico “Chandigarh”;realizar su sueño de construir sobre una ciudad constituida por aquellos elementos prefigurados desde sus libretas, fotografías y textos de sus Viajes a Oriente, 1911 y Sud América, 1929. Le Corbusier encuentra en Chandigarh su ciudad imaginada, aquella configurada en base al constructo de la razón; montañas, paisajes, árboles, cielos, lagos y ríos, etc. y para ello diseñó un mapa en tres dimensiones que contuviese esa razón fundamental de todos sus años de trabajo: “El monumento de la mano abierta” es un lugar donde superpone esa geografía construida (la idealizada con la hallada), diversos dibujos han ido otorgándole en el tiempo esa capacidad de expresar la vocación del tiempo construido . La mano - además de serlo- ya no es más un símbolo o un “signo”, es un mapa topográfico que contiene sus propósitos esenciales. Chandigarh se construye sobre esa “ciudad imaginada” – siendo sus numerosos dibujos de montañas, ríos y lagos cartografiados desde los botes, trenes, y aviones, - Le Corbusier siempre estuvo a esperaba encontrar un lugar que coincidiera y encajara con todas esas condiciones naturales- alegrías esenciales- y ese lugar fue Punjab (India); allí es cuando se eclipsan realmente por primera vez todos sus elementos configurados. Las montañas del Himalaya y el Lago Suknha más que elementos geográficos - que constituyen los límites del proyecto- son esencialmente imprescindibles para comprenderlo. El monumento de la mano abierta se configura como un recurso ideográfico en la obra de Le Corbusier. Abstract: The intention is to present the ideas that led to Le Corbusier to build its latest and unique urban project "Chandigarh", realize his dream of building on a city made up of those elements foreshadowed from his notebooks, photographs and texts of his trips to East 1911 South America 1929. Le Corbusier in Chandigarh discovers his imagined city, that set based on the construct of reason; mountains, landscapes, trees, skies, lakes and rivers, etc. and for this he designed a three-dimensional map that contained the fundamental reason for all his years of work: "The monument open hand" is a place where overlaps that built geography (the idealized with found), various drawings have been giving at the time that ability to express the vocation of time built. Besides hand the be-is no longer a symbol or a "sign" is a topographic map containing the essential purposes. Chandigarh is built on the "imagined city" - remains his numerous drawings of mountains, rivers and lakes mapped from boats, trains, and planes - Le Corbusier was always expected to find a place to coincide and fit with all those naturales- conditions essential- there was joy and Punjab (India); that's when all set items are really overshadow first. Himalaya Mountains and Lake Suknha than geographic features - which form the boundaries of the project are essentially necessary to understand it. The open hand monument is configured as an ideographic resource in the work of Le Corbusier.Palabras clave: constructo, dibujos, viajes, publicaciones, mano abierta. Keywords: Construct, Drawings, Travels, Publications, Open Hand. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.639
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Krishna, Akhouri P., and Santosh Kumar. "Landslide hazard assessment along a mountain highway in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) using remote sensing and computational models." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Ulrich Michel, Daniel L. Civco, Karsten Schulz, Manfred Ehlers, and Konstantinos G. Nikolakopoulos. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2029080.

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Acharya, Smrita, Klaus Neumann, Kirsten N. Nicholson, and Subodh Sharma. "EVIDENCE OF DISSOLUTION FROM STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES OF WATER ALONG AN ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT IN THE EASTERN HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS, NEPAL." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355248.

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Bishop, Michael P., Brennan W. Young, and Da Huo. "CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC ANISOTROPY AND GEOMORPHOMETRIC SIGNATURES FOR INVESTIGATING MOUNTAIN GEODYNAMICS IN THE KARAKORAM HIMALAYA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319445.

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Rathore, Umesh C., and Sanjeev Singh. "Performance evaluation of isolated 3-phase self-excited induction generator for remote mountainous region of Himalayas." In 2014 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication (CIEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciec.2014.6959123.

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Reports on the topic "Himalayan mountains"

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The HKH Call to Action to sustain mountain environments and improve livelihoods in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1.

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This HKH Call to Action is based on the HKH Assessment, which was drafted in response to requests from governments in the region, meeting a demand for a comprehensive assessment of the region’s mountains, environments, and livelihoods and proposes actions towards a shared vision for the future of the HKH region, in which its societies and its people are prosperous, healthy, peaceful, and resilient in a healthy environment. To realize this vision, this HKH Call to Action elaborates six urgent actions, including: 1) promote and strengthen regional cooperation at all levels to sustain mountain environment and livelihoods; 2) recognize and prioritize the uniqueness of the HKH mountain people; 3) take concerted climate actions; 4) take accelerated actions to achieve the SDGs, consistent with the nine mountain priorities; 5) take decisive actions to enhance ecosystem resilience; and 6) promote regional data and information sharing.
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