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Journal articles on the topic 'Hindi and Indic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

HAKALA, WALTER N. "On Equal Terms: The Equivocal Origins of an Early Mughal Indo-Persian Vocabulary." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 25, no. 2 (2014): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186314000480.

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AbstractTheQaṣīdah dar Luġhāt-i Hindī(‘AQaṣīdahon Hindī Terms’), composed in the early sixteenth century, is an unusual example of theniṣābgenre of multilingual vocabularies in verse, providing Persian glosses for various terms drawn from a language the text labelsHindī. The author of the vocabulary, Yūsuf Ḳhurāsānī ‘Yūsufī’, was a physician who followed the first Mughal-Timurid emperor, Bābur, from Afghanistan to India. This paper examines the content and the arrangement of Yūsufī's vocabulary, paying particular attention to the means through which ‘Yūsufī’ was able to assert semantic equival

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Ishraq, Mir Ragib, Nitesh Khadka, Asif Mohammed Samir, and M. Shahidur Rahman. "Towards Developing Uniform Lexicon Based Sorting Algorithm for Three Prominent Indo-Aryan Languages." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 3 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3488371.

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Three different Indic/Indo-Aryan languages - Bengali, Hindi and Nepali have been explored here in character level to find out similarities and dissimilarities. Having shared the same root, the Sanskrit, Indic languages bear common characteristics. That is why computer and language scientists can take the opportunity to develop common Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques or algorithms. Bearing the concept in mind, we compare and analyze these three languages character by character. As an application of the hypothesis, we also developed a uniform sorting algorithm in two steps, first for

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Winer, Lise. "Indic Lexicon in the English/Creole of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (2005): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002499.

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Examines the contemporary lexical component of the English/Creole of Trinidad (TEC) that is derived from languages of India. Author focuses on the TEC as spoken among Indo-Trinidadians, but also pays attention to Indic words used in the TEC of Afro-Trinidadians and other groups. Author sketches the history of Indian immigration into Trinidad, explaining how most came from the Bihar province in northern India and spoke Bhojpuri, rather than (closely related) Hindi, and how in the 20th c. Indian languages were replaced by English with education. She further focuses on retained Indic words incorp

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Winer, Lise. "Indic Lexicon in the English/Creole of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 79, no. 1-2 (2008): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002499.

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Examines the contemporary lexical component of the English/Creole of Trinidad (TEC) that is derived from languages of India. Author focuses on the TEC as spoken among Indo-Trinidadians, but also pays attention to Indic words used in the TEC of Afro-Trinidadians and other groups. Author sketches the history of Indian immigration into Trinidad, explaining how most came from the Bihar province in northern India and spoke Bhojpuri, rather than (closely related) Hindi, and how in the 20th c. Indian languages were replaced by English with education. She further focuses on retained Indic words incorp

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Simpson, Andrew, and Arunima Choudhury. "The Nonuniform Syntax of Postverbal Elements in SOV Languages: Hindi, Bangla, and the Rightward Scrambling Debate." Linguistic Inquiry 46, no. 3 (2015): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00191.

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Much debate in recent years has focused on whether postverbal elements (PVEs) in SOV Hindi are derived via leftward movement compatible with the Linear Correspondence Axiom ( Mahajan 1997a , b , 2003 ) or whether they must be assumed to result from some kind of rightward non-antisymmetric movement ( Bhatt and Dayal 2007 , Manetta 2012 ). A second phenomenon, scope restrictions on wh-in- situ elements in postverbal CPs, is often linked to the syntactic analysis of PVEs. Comparing Hindi with Bangla, this article shows that PVEs in Indic languages are not derived in a uniform way and that the wh-

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Muhammad, Yaseen Khan, Adil Rao Muhammad, Wasi Shaukat, Ahmed Minai Twaha, and Muhammad Khaliq-ur-Rahman Raazi Syed. "Edit distance-based search approach for retrieving element-wise prosody/rhymes in Hindi-Urdu poetry." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 39 (2020): 4189–201. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i39.1489.

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Abstract <strong>Background:</strong> Prosody (rhyming words) is a connatural element of poetry, throughout its reach, across thousands of languages in the world. Since medieval era, the Indic poetry (principally the Hindi/Urdu poetry) has created an impactful flamboyance w.r.t the subjects, styles, and other creative aspects in poetry. Besides the message of heartfelt poetry, we see the Qafiya (i.e., rhyming words) is the core element, without which we may not consider anything Hindi/Urdu poetry but merely a piece of writing; alongside it, Radif (i.e., a phrasal suffix to qafiya) is also

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Khan, Muhammad Yaseen. "Edit distance-based search approach for retrieving element-wise prosody/rhymes in Hindi-Urdu poetry." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 39 (2020): 4189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i39.1489.

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Background: Prosody (rhyming words) is a connatural element of poetry, throughout its reach, across thousands of languages in the world. Since medieval era, the Indic poetry (principally the Hindi/Urdu poetry) has created an impactful flamboyance w.r.t the subjects, styles, and other creative aspects in poetry. Besides the message of heartfelt poetry, we see the Qafiya (i.e., rhyming words) is the core element, without which we may not consider anything Hindi/Urdu poetry but merely a piece of writing; alongside it, Radif (i.e., a phrasal suffix to qafiya) is also considered next to the intrins

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Hansen, Kathryn. "Languages on Stage: Linguistic Pluralism and Community Formation in the Nineteenth-Century Parsi Theatre." Modern Asian Studies 37, no. 2 (2003): 381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03002051.

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The Parsi theatre was the dominant form of dramatic entertainment in urban India from the 1860s to the 1930s. Named for its Bombay-based pioneers, the Parsi theatre blended certain European practices of stagecraft and commercial organization with Indic, Persian, and English stories, music, and poetry. Through the impact of its touring companies, it had a catalytic effect on the development of modern drama and regional theatre throughout South and Southeast Asia. Moreover, Parsi theatre is widely credited with contributing to popular Indian cinema its genres, aesthetic, and economic base. With

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Baruah, Rupjyoti, Rajesh Kumar Mundotiya, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Low Resource Neural Machine Translation: Assamese to/from Other Indo-Aryan (Indic) Languages." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469721.

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Machine translation (MT) systems have been built using numerous different techniques for bridging the language barriers. These techniques are broadly categorized into approaches like Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT). End-to-end NMT systems significantly outperform SMT in translation quality on many language pairs, especially those with the adequate parallel corpus. We report comparative experiments on baseline MT systems for Assamese to other Indo-Aryan languages (in both translation directions) using the traditional Phrase-Based SMT as well as some mo

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Chirimilla, Ramya, and Vishnu Vardhan B. "A Survey of Optical Character Recognition Techniques on Indic Script." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 6507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6507ecst.

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Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technique that converts printed text and images into a digitized form, which can be manipulated by a machine. It has many application sectors like Banking, Financial, Legal applications, etc. Initially researchers were addressed and proposed many algorithms in image processing for character recognition and mapping. Most of the researchers focused on the Latin script English as it was supported by the Encoding standard ASCII. Later, people start realizing that OCR techniques for other languages are also gaining momentum these days. With the advent of tec

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Rane, Kirti, Tanaya Bagwe,, Shruti Chaudhari, Ankita Kale, and Gayatri Deore. "Enhancing En-X Translation: A Chrome Extension-Based Approach to Indic Language Models." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 03 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem42782.

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Language translation is the lifeblood of any communication that crosses linguistic boundaries. Recent trends in the domain of neural machine translation (NMT) are already superior to the old traditions. In such circumstances, the works done by Prahwini et al. (2024) and Vandan Mujadia et al. (2024) highlight the application of NMT for resource-constrained Indian languages. In view of many challenges like parallel corpus scarcity, we present a real-time adaptable translation model that works on the Fairseq framework. It provides high-accuracy translations for Assamese, Gujarati, Kannada, Bengal

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Bera, Abhijit, Mrinal Kanti Ghose, and Dibyendu Kumar Pal. "Sentiment Analysis of Multilingual Tweets Based on Natural Language Processing (NLP)." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 10, no. 4 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.20211001.oa16.

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Multilingual Sentiment analysis plays an important role in a country like India with many languages as the style of expression varies in different languages. The Indian people speak in total 22 different languages and with the help of Google Indic keyboard people can express their sentiments i.e reviews about anything in the social media in their native language from individual smart phones. It has been found that machine learning approach has overcome the limitations of other approaches. In this paper, a detailed study has been carried out based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) using Simp

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Tiwari, Kartik. "Deep Learning Based TTS-STT Model with Transliteration for Indic Languages." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (2021): 2207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39689.

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Abstract: This paper introduces a new text-to-speech presentation from end-to-end (E2E-TTS) using toolkit called ESPnet-TTS, which is an open source extension. ESPnet speech processing tools kit. Various models come under ESPnet TTS TacoTron 2, Transformer TTS, and Fast Speech. This also provides recipes recommended by the Kaldi speech recognition tool kit (ASR). Recipes based on the composition combined with the ESPnet ASR recipe, which provides high performance. This toolkit also provides pre-trained models and samples of all recipes for users to use as a base .It works on TTS-STT and transl

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Mundotiya, Rajesh Kumar, Manish Kumar Singh, Rahul Kapur, Swasti Mishra, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Linguistic Resources for Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili: Statistics about Them, Their Similarity Estimates, and Baselines for Three Applications." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 6 (2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3458250.

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Corpus preparation for low-resource languages and for development of human language technology to analyze or computationally process them is a laborious task, primarily due to the unavailability of expert linguists who are native speakers of these languages and also due to the time and resources required. Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili, languages of the Purvanchal region of India (in the north-eastern parts), are low-resource languages belonging to the Indo-Aryan (or Indic) family. They are closely related to Hindi, which is a relatively high-resource language, which is why we compare them wit

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Dutta, Uttaran. "Digital Preservation of Indigenous Culture and Narratives from the Global South: In Search of an Approach." Humanities 8, no. 2 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8020068.

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This research seeks to digitally preserve cultural histories and artifacts, which are practiced/produced in the underserved indigenous spaces of rural eastern India. This paper is a case study of co-developing Sangraksha—a digital humanities application. The application seeks to facilitate the process of writing history from the below by underrepresented populations at the margins. The villages in this research were geographically remote and socio-economically underdeveloped. The research populations represented individuals who possessed low levels of literacy, limited language proficiency in

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Bakarola, Vishvajit, and Jitendra Nasriwala. "Attention-based Sequence to Sequence Learning for Machine Translation of Low Resourced Indic Languages – A case of Sanskrit to Hindi." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 69, no. 9 (2021): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v69i9p227.

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Vyas, Mehali, Awadh Kishor Singh, and Nidhi Parmar. "ANALYZING LANGUAGE IN MULTILINGUAL SPEECH USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORK." ICTACT Journal on Data Science and Machine Learning 5, no. 4 (2024): 659–64. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijdsml.2024.0138.

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Language recognition is the process of determining the language spoken. Motivated by the impressive gain in the performance of language recognition, we adapt the deep neural networks to the problem of language recognition analysis. In the prior work we consider the application of education institute, where teachers comprehend their speech in multiple languages. We then analyze the different aspects of primary (English) and secondary (Hindi, Gujarati) languages spoken. We have prepared a basic work flow of the proposed solution. Speech features are modelled by MFCC parameterization method. In t

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Pande, Hemlata, and Hoshiyar S. Dhami. "Analysis and Mathematical Modelling of the Pattern of Occurrence of VariousDevanāgariLetter Symbols according to the Phonological Inventory of Indic Script in Hindi Language." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2014): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2014.974457.

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Naveenkumar, T. Rudrappa, V. Reddy Mallamma, and Hanumanthappa M. "KHiTE: Multilingual Speech Acquisition to Monolingual Text Translation." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 21 (2023): 1572–79. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i21.727.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To develop a system that accepts cross-lingual spoken reviews consisting of two to four languages, translate to target language text for Indic languages namely Kannada, Hindi, Telugu and/or English termed as cross lingual speech identification and text translation system. <strong>Methods:</strong> Hybridization of software engineering models are used in natural languages for pre-processing such as noise removal and speech splitting to obtain phonemes. Combinatorial models namely Hidden-Markov-Model, Artificial Neural Networks, Deep Neural Ne

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Wiśniewska-Singh, Justyna. "“Helpless Indian”: The Sacred Cow as the Symbol of Hindu-Muslim Unity in a Late Nineteenth-Century Hindi Novel." Cracow Indological Studies 23, no. 1 (2021): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.23.2021.01.08.

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In the colonial North India of the late 19th century, the cow emerged as a powerful symbol of imagining the nation. The present paper explores how the image of the sacred cow was reinterpreted in the new sociopolitical context and subsequently employed in the Hindi novel, the development of which coincided with massive campaigns for cow protection. To this end, I study one of the earliest Hindi novels, Nissahāy hindū, written by Rādhākr̥ṣṇadās in 1881 and published in 1890. The novel can be read as a documentary evidence of polemics surrounding the process of identity formation and circumstanc

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M. Joshi, Aditi, and Sanjay G. Patel. "An Ancient Number Recognition using Freeman Chain Code with Deep Learning Approach." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 12, no. 1 (2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2022.12102.

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Sanskrit character and number documents have a lot of errors. Correcting those errors using conventional spell-checking approaches breaks down due to the limited vocabulary. This is because of high inflexions of Sanskrit, where words are dynamically formed by Sandhi rules, Samasa rules, Taddhita affixes, etc. Therefore, correcting OCR documents require huge efforts. Here, we can present different machine learning approaches and various ways to improve features for ameliorating the error corrections in Sanskrit documents. Simulation of Sanskrit dictionary for synthesizing off-the-shelf dictiona

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Gupta, Charu. "‘Hindu Communism’: Satyabhakta, apocalypses and utopian Ram Rajya." Indian Economic & Social History Review 58, no. 2 (2021): 213–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464621997877.

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In the north India of 1920s–30s, many first-generation anticolonial communists and Left intellectuals did not see any contradiction in reliance upon religion, ethical traditions and morality in a search for vocabularies of dignity, equality, just polity and social liberation. Through select writings in Hindi of Satyabhakta (1897–85), an almost forgotten figure in histories of communism in India, this article focuses on the entanglement between religion and communism as a way of thinking about the Left in India, and the problems and possibilities of such imaginings. Steeped in a north Indian Hi

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Tuteja, K. L. "‘Hindi–Hindu’ discourse in late colonial Punjab." Studies in People's History 6, no. 1 (2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919834776.

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One of the major spheres in which the communal divide in India especially in the north has manifested itself is that of language, around the controversy over Hindi and Urdu. It raged in colonial Punjab as well, despite the fact that neither language was spoken over the larger part of it. In a sense, therefore, it was imported from the then North-Western Provinces (now UP), where the original dialect had given rise to a common language (Khari Boli, Hindustani) with two scripts, around which Hindi and Urdu came to be created as literary languages. Though Urdu remained in colonial times the main

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Dr. Jan Nisar Moin. "A Research Review of Urdu Language." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 2, no. 3 (2022): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v2i3.23.

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Urdu originated in the 12th century AD from the Upabharmsha region of northwestern India, which served as a linguistic system after the Muslim conquest. His first great poet was Amir Khosrow (1253–1325), who wrote duets, folk songs, and riddles in the newly formed speech, which was then called Hindu. This mixed speech was spoken in different ways in Hindi, Hindi, Hindi, Delhi, Rekhta, Gujari, Dakshini, Urdu, Mullah, Urdu, or Urdu only. The great Urdu writers continued to call it Hindi or Hindi until the beginning of the 19th century, although there is evidence that it was called Indian in the

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Kumar, Raman, Manoj Kumar, and N. K. Goel. "Health news coverage in India: a comparative analysis of English and Hindi newspapers." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 12, no. 4 (2025): 1877–80. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20250939.

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The media plays a crucial role in disseminating health information to the public. This study analyzes the coverage of health news in leading English and Hindi newspapers in India. A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on health-related news articles published in four major Indian newspapers (The Hindu, Hindustan Times, Dainik Jagran, and Amar Ujala) from July to December 2022. Data on the monthly and weekday distribution, health topics covered, and sources cited were collected and analyzed. A total of 5116 health-related news articles were analyzed. Hindi newspapers (Dainik Jagran a

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Vasilev, S. A. "The Hindu Nationalist Organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: History and Current State." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 46 (2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2023.46.80.

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This article examines the Hindu nationalist organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), its history and current state. The relations of the RSS with Sangh Parivar are determined. The main factors of organizational cohesion between all branches of the RSS are identified. The transformation of the ideological and structural components of the Hindu nationalist organization is analyzed. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions are made. Firstly, the cohesion within the Sangh Parivar is due to the sangatan mantri (organizational secretary) system practiced in all branche

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Dadashova, Nurxon Burxon qizi. "HINDIY TILIDAGI RASMIY USLUB MATNLARIDA QO'SHMA FE'LLAR SEMANTIKASI (Hindiston Respublikasi Bosh vaziri Narendra Modining Shanxay hamkorlik tashkiloti Davlat rahbarlari kengashining 21-sammitidagi bayonotida so'zlagan nutqi asosida)." Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 2, no. 25 (2022): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7388949.

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<em>Hindiston va O’zbekiston o’rtasidagi siyosiy-diplomatik aloqalar rivojlanib borar ekan, ikki tomonlama o’tkazilayotgan rasmiy uchrashuvlar, siyosiy tashriflar, videokonferensiyalarda mukammal tarjimaga ham ehtiyoj kuchayadi. O’z-o’zidan, hindiy tilidagi rasmiy uslub matnlarida shu uslubga xos so’zlarni tarjimada to’g’ri berilishi muhim hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada hindiy tilidagi rasmiy uslubga xos matnda (Narendra Modi nutqi orqali) fe’llarning qo’llanilishi, ularni tarjimada berilishi hamda rasmiylik darajasi jihatlari ko’r

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Akram, Dr Muhammad, and Dr Ayesha Qurrat ul Ain. "The Impact of the Partition of India on the Study of Hinduism in the Urdu Language." ĪQĀN 2, no. 04 (2020): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v2i04.147.

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Religion, language, and race have been among the most crucial factors behind the formation of various national and communal identities in modern South Asian history. Just like the political division of British India, the complex interplay of these factors also culminated in a bifurcation of linguistic boundaries along the religious lines according to which Urdu became associated with Islam and Muslims. In contrast, Hindi became increasingly connected to the Hindu culture. These historical developments also affected the extent and nature of the academic materials on Hinduism in the Urdu languag

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Sahni, Bhishma, та Uma Thukral Kapoor. "Ya llegamos a Amritsar (अमृतसर आ गया है)". Estudios de Asia y África 49, № 3 (2014): 755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/eaa.v49i3.2083.

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Bhishma Sahni भीष्मसाहनी (8 de agosto de 1915-11 de julio de 2003) fue un escritor en hindi, políglota, dramaturgo y actor, famoso por su novela Tamas (oscuridad), que le mereció, en 1975, el Premio Sahitya Akademi de literatura y que, en 1987, fue llevada a la pantalla grande por Govind Nihalani.¹ Fue galardonado con el Padma Bhushan² en 1998 y el Sahitya Akademi Fellowship en 2002, por su larga y destacada trayectoria en literatura. Era hermano del notable actor de teatro y cine hindi Balraj Sahni. Nació en Rawalpindi (ahora en Pakistán). Obtuvo una maestría en inglés en el Government Colleg

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Wiebel, Andreas. "Ein Elefant auf Abwegen." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 46, no. 182 (2016): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v46i182.101.

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Why did Narendra Modi become the new prime minister of India? What are the consequences of his election for Indian society? After giving a brief overview over hindunational principles and history, the article focuses on two aspects: the alliance between neoliberal economy and right-wing Hindunationalism (Hindutva) and Communalism, which can be seen as the political strategy to organize majorities for this two-headed project. By shifting towards a Hindu state, India said goodbye to the secular and pluralistic columns of Nehruvianism. On the surface Modi appears to be a big reformer, but underne

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Kashif, Mohd, and Jawaid Alam. "Poetry, Politics, and Purity: The Khari Boli–Braj Bhasha Debate in Colonial North India." Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 2 (2025): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.63960/sijmds-2025-2265.

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This paper explores the Khari Boli–Braj Bhasha debate in colonial North India as a pivotal episode in the politics of language, where literary choices were deeply intertwined with questions of cultural identity, communal affiliation, and linguistic nationalism. At its surface, the debate appeared to center on dialectal preferences in Hindi poetry—Braj Bhasha, the classical medium of devotional verse, versus Khari Boli, the emerging standard for modern prose. However, the controversy reflected deeper ideological anxieties, shaped by the broader Hindi–Urdu controversy and the colonial state’s ro

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Kumar, Sanjaya. "Social value transition in Hindi novels based on partition of India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 4 (2024): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n04.027.

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After the independence of India, India was partitioned and a new nation named Pakistan emerged which was created on the basis of religion. Before the partition of India, people of Hindu and Muslim religions lived in a cultural society and there was unity among them even in literary terms. But the partition of India which was the result of the policies of the colonial period ended the cultural unity here, due to which there was a transition of values in the Hindi literature of India, in which social, political, religious, cultural and economic value transitions were prominent. Keeping in view t

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Iwanek, Krzysztof. "Wiele przeszłości jednego narodu. Nauczanie historii jako element budowy tożsamości w indyjskich podręcznikach rządowych i nacjonalistycznych." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 72, no. 3 (2019): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2019.72.3.10.

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This article compares history teaching in two types of Hindi-language textbooks used in India. One group of sources includes textbooks issued by the National Council of Educational Research and Training, a central public institution. The other one contains those published by Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan, a network of private schools run by Hindu nationalists. The objective of this study is to analyse what political, identity-building purposes these two conflicted narratives on history reveal. Unsurprisingly, the author’s conclusion is that the Hindu nationalist textbooks are

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Md. Yousuf Ali and Osman Bakar. "ISSUES OF HINDU-MUSLIM RELATIONS IN THE WORKS OF SYED AHMAD KHAN." Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) 25, no. 2 (2020): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v25i2.1143.

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Syed Ahmad Khan Bahadur (1817-1898) was a controversial Muslim figure in nineteenth-century India. In the first half of his life (pre-1857 Mutiny), he appeared to be an advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity in India, but in the second half of it he was more concerned with Muslim religious and educational reforms and the promotion of Indian Muslim unity. His position such as on the Urdu-Hindi controversy raised issues about his views on Hindu-Muslim relations. The aspect of his life and thought that has bearing on Hindu-Muslim relations has received less attention from scholars compared to his reformi

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Rai, Saurav Kumar. "Invoking ‘Hindu’ Ayurveda: Communalisation of the late colonial Ayurvedic discourse." Indian Economic & Social History Review 56, no. 4 (2019): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464619873820.

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The late nineteenth and early twentieth century in India witnessed a tremendous growth of vernacular Ayurvedic tracts, journals, pamphlets and public polemics. Incidentally, the consequent Ayurvedic discourse was not merely about the medical aspects of the Ayurvedic healing system. Rather, a careful reading of these published materials on Ayurveda throws immense light on the ongoing debates about sociocultural and religious processes. Interestingly, the social culture manifested by the early twentieth century Ayurvedic discourse was highly communalist, casteist, and gender-and class-biased in

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SAHA, SHANDIP. "A community of grace: the social and theological world of the Puṣṭi Mārga vārtā literature". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 69, № 2 (2006): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x06000103.

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In the history of Hindi literature, the oldest extant text of medieval Hindi prose is the collection of hagiography known as the as the vārtā literature which, since the seventeenth century, has been central to the religious life of the Hindu devotional community known as the Puṣṭi Mārga. This article argues that a close examination of these texts in their proper social and historical context reveals that the vārtā literature was written and revised during a time when the Puṣṭi Mārga was slowly expanding its sphere of religious influence in Western and Central India. The result was a body of l

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Ranjan, Amit. "Language as an Identity: Hindi–Non-Hindi Debates in India." Society and Culture in South Asia 7, no. 2 (2021): 314–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23938617211014660.

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Non-Hindi speakers in India always accuse that Hindi is imposed on them. As language is an essential component of an individual's and group's identity particularly in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Hindi is largely seen as Aryan's language spoken by north Indians. Tensions between Hindi and non-Hindi language have roots in the British India. There were demands for linguistic states in colonial years that accelerated in post-independent India. Although an idea to create states based on language were not accepted by early Indian leadership, they were gradually created. This paper attempts to cr

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Nijhawan, Shobna. "At the Margins of Empire: Feminist-Nationalist Configurations of Burmese Society in the Hindi Public (1917–1920)." Journal of Asian Studies 71, no. 4 (2012): 1013–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911812001192.

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Embedded in early twentieth-century discourses on modernity, feminism, and nationalism, and written for the newly emerging woman reader, Rameshwari Nehru's Hindi account of Burmese women was an experiment in ethnographic writing. Along with the speeches she delivered in Burma (all reprinted in the Hindi women's periodical Stri Darpan), she also used the ethnography to call for the social and political mobilization of Burmese and Indian women. Nehru revisited the relationship between India and Burma in the gendered and elite terms of Indian (mostly Hindu) nationalism and social feminism. In des

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Riaz, Sanaa. "Un/Familiar Other: The Indian Muslim and Bollywood Filmscapes." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 5, no. 4 (2023): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v5i4.928.

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The construction of the Muslim as Other in commercial Hindi cinema (often referred to by its portmanteau Bollywood) reflects varying dominant discourses on Indianness, gender and family. In this paper, I analyze visual representation, personality traits, dialogues, lyrics and the aura and ambience weaved around Muslim caricatures in Bollywood films using 5 representative films from the 1950s-70s, 6 from the 1980s-1990s and 14 from 2000s-2020s. I examine how Muslim Other caricatures in commercial Hindi movies from the positive, essentialized, hardworking minority of a united India portrayed thr

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Salwathura, A. N. "EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF 'HINGLISH' LANGUAGE WITHIN THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 11 (2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.2278.

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Hindi is the official language of India which is spoken by around 350 million of people in India. Hindi and English have an incestuous relationship ever since India became colonized. Since then, Hindi began to mix with English and became famous as ‘Hinglish’ in Indian society. ‘British-Raj’ is considered as the first Hinglish word which was used in the colonial period and now Hinglish has become a common phenomenon practice in India in day-to-day life. Due to the popularity of Hindi movies and television, Hinglish has been spread beyond the metropolitan areas in India. Therefore, it is expecte

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Shastri, Sanjal. "Communal Violence in Twenty-first Century India: Moving Beyond the Hindi Heartland." Studies in Indian Politics 8, no. 2 (2020): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023020963721.

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Using communal violence data between 2006 and 2017, this study challenges the idea that communal violence is primarily an issue in the Hindi Heartland. The data demonstrates how Karnataka and West Bengal are also witnessing rising levels of communal violence. The study goes on to take a closer look at the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Karnataka and West Bengal. It demonstrates how a combination of factors ranging from localized narratives of Hindu nationalism, caste coalitions, alliances with regional parties and the decline of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI[M]) in W

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Singh, Shailendra Kumar. "Premchand’s shifting portrayals of womanhood in colonial North India: Between conformity and resistance." Contributions to Indian Sociology 54, no. 3 (2020): 414–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966720947540.

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This article examines the nuanced and open-ended representations of women in the fictional works of Premchand, one of the most versatile and popular Urdu-Hindi writers of the 1920s and 1930s. By looking into a wide range of his writings, it argues that Premchand’s literary engagement with the women’s question cannot be summarily understood through such binaries as ‘conservative’ or ‘liberal/radical’. While the virtuous and compliant woman is valorised as an ideal within the domestic sphere in certain stories, Premchand’s narratives in the nationalist mode foreground an alternative set of ideal

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Everaert, Christine. "When Muslim Rulers Were Like Hindu Gods." Journal of Asian Studies 82, no. 1 (2022): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00219118-10119661.

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Abstract The 1930s Hindi short story “Mugaloṃ ne saltanat bakhś dī” (“The Mughals Gave the Sultanate Away”) by self-proclaimed apolitical author Bhagavatīcaraṇ Varmā offers an alternative version of how the British Crown took the rule of India away from the Mughal Empire. An in-depth analysis of this story written during the buildup to the decolonization of India evaluates how two different kinds of what is often referred to as “outside rulers” are depicted in this story: the Mughal emperors and the British colonial rulers. This case study assesses whether the story shows a different attitude

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Akram, Dr Muhammad, та Dr Ayesha Qurrat Ul-Ain. "ہندو مت پر اردو میں علمی مواد: ایک موضوعاتی کتابیات". ĪQĀN 3, № 01 (2021): 123–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v3i01.240.

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Three types of academic sources are crucial for understanding the Hindu tradition in our times: a) scriptures and the classical texts that are available mostly in Sanskrit b) works in the English language produced by orientalists, religious studies scholars, and some modern Hindu religious leaders themselves, and c) writings of colonial/post-colonial Hindu and Muslim scholars on Hinduism in Hindi/Urdu language that is understood by a vast majority of the population in South Asia. Many Hindu authors used to write on their religion in Urdu using the Perso-Arabic script in colonial India. Similar

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BUSCH, ALLISON. "“Unhitching the Oxcart of Delhi”: a Mughal-Period Hindi account of Political Insurgency." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 28, no. 3 (2018): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000712.

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AbstractThis article is part of a larger effort to broaden the source-base for understanding Mughal-period India by engaging with the Hindi literary archive. I analyze the vignettes of Aurangzeb and other Mughal figures that are available in Lāl Kavi's Chatraprakāś (Light of Chatrasal, c. 1710), a Brajbhasha (classical Hindi) historical poem commissioned by the Bundela ruler Chatrasal (1649–1731). Written shortly after Aurangzeb's death, the Chatraprakāś is in part a retrospective on Aurangzeb's reign. It is also a valuable source of regional history that gives voice to how the Mughal Empire w

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Devasundaram, Ashvin Immanuel. "Interrogating Patriarchy: Transgressive Discourses of ‘F-Rated’ Independent Hindi Films." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, no. 1 (2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620935236.

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Since its inception at the Bath Film Festival 2014, the ‘F-Rating’ has been adopted as a yardstick to foster equitable representation of women in film. The rise of a new sub-genre of Hindi ‘Indie’ cinema (Devasundaram, 2016, 2018) has been augmented by an array of bona fide Female-rated independent films. These films fulfil the triune criteria for F-Rating, featuring women both behind and in front of the camera – as directors, actors and scriptwriters. I argue that these distinct female voices in new independent Hindi cinema have engendered discursive filmic spaces of resistance – alternative

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Jain, Alka, Shailendra Kumar, Ashutosh Sharma, et al. "Agricultural -News Visibility in Indian Newspapers: A Comparative Study." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 10 (2023): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i102203.

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The coverage of agricultural news is of great significance in the Indian economic and social scenario. The present study explores the print visibility of agricultural news in three newspapers in India. Therefore, research was accomplished through a random selection of three national- newspapers, Hindi(one) and English (two), namely Dainik Jagran, The Hindu, and The Hindustan Times. The agricultural news in the three newspapers was collected from December 2020 to November 2021 and categorized into political news, advisories, policy, techno-innovation, entrepreneurship, and environmental. The ar

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Monteiro, Thomas. "Multicultural Curriculum in India." Anthropos 118, no. 2 (2023): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2023-2-471.

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By applying the concept of a multicultural curriculum and approaches to it as advocated by James Banks, this paper critically analyses the presence and absence of a multicultural curriculum in Indian text books after NCF 2005 through the case study of the “Vasant Part II” (Hindi text book for 7th Std). A multicultural curriculum is the need of the hour in contemporary India to create a learning environment for people from diverse cultures and backgrounds so that they can access education free from all insecure feelings and have fair chances of learning. NCF 2005 calls for an epistemological sh

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Liu, Lydia H. "The Thug, the Barbarian, and the Work of Injury in Imperial Warfare." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 5 (2009): 1859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.5.1859.

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In the modern english lexicon, the curious word thug is usually traced to Hindi. In the early days of the antithug military campaign in India, William Henry Sleeman, the British architect of the campaign, brought out a thug lexicon entitled Ramaseeana; or, A Vocabulary of the Peculiar Language Used by the Thugs in 1836. This lexicon represents the first systematic attempt to identify who the thugs are and how they communicate with one another in secret society. It appears to provide hard linguistic evidence for a newly discovered threat to the British presence in India, cobbling together a lar

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Pallathadka, Harikumar, Laxmi Kirana Pallathadka, and Telem Kamlabati Devi. "Importance of Hindi Language and Its Significance in Nation-Building." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 6 (2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.6.12.

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The meaning of the Hindi language is the second most passed on in language on earth, later Mandarin Chinese. It is evaluated that a massive piece of a billion gathering is generally conveyed in this unique vernacular. Importance of Hindi is one of the various tongues in India that is seen as people in general and the official language of India. Indian tunes and modified versions of them have been widely used by various standard rap and famous music-skilled workers across the globe. In India, music gets excellent with jams in the United States, just as with the rest of the world. Modern Hindi i

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