Academic literature on the topic 'Hindu-Arabic Numeral System'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hindu-Arabic Numeral System"
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Eludiora, Safiriyu Ijiyemi, and Muhammad Auwal Abubakar. "A HINDU-ARABIC TO HAUSA NUMBER TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM." MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjoc.v6i1.11526.
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The invention of numeration system is regarded as one of the great accomplishments of man, as it greatly assist man in expressing his communication needs and also serve as an important tool in language pedagogy, historical linguistics, comparative study of African languages and computational linguistics. However, numeral system is reported to be an endangered area being identified in the use and study of language, and in no distant time, the traditional number system of the African indigenous counting systems may lose its contact with the new generation. This paper presents a Hindu-Arabic to Hausa number transcription system. Secondary data used was sourced from literature. Context-Free Grammar (CFG) and Unified Modelling Language (UML) was used to design the system. The system designed was implemented using Python programming language. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) evaluation approach was used to evaluate the implemented system. The result of the evaluation on Numbers with Single Representations (NSR), and Numbers with Multiple Representations (NMR) is based on three (3) metrics: syllable accuracy, orthography accuracy and syntax accuracy. The experimental respondents’, system developed and human expert average scores on NSR were respectively 0%, 100% and 100% for syllable accuracy, 40.1%, 100% and 100% for orthography accuracy, and 62.8%, 100% and 100% for syntax accuracy. Similarly, the experimental respondents’, system developed and human expert average scores on NMR were respectively 0%, 100% and 100% for syllable accuracy, 21.4%, 100% and 100% for orthography accuracy, and 31.7%, 100% and 100% for syntax accuracy. The system transcribes from 1 to 1-billion, and the expert response confirmed the accuracy of the output of the system developed. The study concluded that among others, the system developed is of great importance in the teaching and learning of the traditional Hausa counting system. Future work on contextual Hausa numeral system analysis is recommended.
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Acharya, Eka Ratna. "Evidences of Hierarchy of Brahmi Numeral System." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 14, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v14i1.20077.
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The numeral system developed in South Asian Subcontinent in third century B. C. E. as the ancestor of the Hindu Arabic, Lichhavi, Kharosthi and other different numeral systems is popular by Brahmi numeral system. Ashoka prepared the pillar to preserve the Brahmi inscription with consisting numerals. The Brahmi numerical symbols are found at Lumbini of Nepal, for example a symbol used there tells the division by eight (Athabhagiya) and conversely multiplication of eight. Ashoka pillar with different inscriptions were found at Bihar, Uttarpradesh, Delhi, Madhyapradesh of India and different parts of Nepal like Niglihawa and Lumbini. In this system numerals are written from left to right. This system was very popular in South Asian Subcontinent for a long time and it impacts to the development of other numeral systems. The aim of this paper is to explore the hierchy and the existence of symbols of Brahmi numeral on the basis of document analysis and symbols found at different manuscript and monuments. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 136-142
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Zaslavsky, Claudia, and Bianka Crespo. "The Inka Quipu: Positional Notation on a Knotted Cord." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 6, no. 3 (November 2000): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.6.3.0164.
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WE INHERITED A MARVELOUS SYSTEM of numeration from India by way of the Arab world. The Indo-Arabic (also called Hindu-Arabic, or, simply, Arabic) system of number notation is considered one of the most important inventions in the history of humankind. The amazingly efficient system encompasses the following features: (1) distinct symbols for the numbers from 1 to 9, (2) a symbol for 0, (3) place value for successive powers of base ten, and (4) the ability to write any numeral with just ten symbols.
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Legato, Marianne J., Francoise Simon, James E. Young, Tatsuya Nomura, and Ibis Sánchez-Serrano. "Roundtable Discussion III: The Development and Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Work in Progress." Gender and the Genome 4 (January 1, 2020): 247028971989870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289719898701.
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Humans have devised machines to replace computation by individuals since ancient times: The abacus predated the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system by centuries. We owe a quantum leap in the development of machines to help problem solve to the British mathematician Charles Babbage who built what he called the Difference Engine in the mid-19th century. But the Turing formula created in 1936 is the foundation for the modern computer; it produced printed symbols on paper tape that listed a series of logical instructions. Three decades later, Olivetti manufactured the first mass-marketed desktop computer (1964), and by 1981, IBM had developed the first personal computer. Computing machines have become more and more powerful, culminating recently in Google’s claim that it had achieved quantum supremacy in developing a system that can complete a task in 200 seconds that it would take the most powerful type of classical computer available 10 000 years to achieve. In short, we are in a period of human history in which we are creating more and more powerful and complex machines potentially capable of duplicating human intelligence and indeed surpassing/expanding its power. We are solidly in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Increasing interest in the development of AI and its application to human health at all levels makes a roundtable discussion by experts a valuable project for publication in our journal, Gender and the Genome, the official journal of the Foundation for Gender-Specific Medicine and the International Society of Gender Medicine.
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Sizer, Walter S. "Other Numeral Systems—Alive and Thriving." Mathematics Teacher 83, no. 1 (January 1990): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.83.1.0017.
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The treatment of numeral systems other than our Western Hindu-Arabic one in most textbooks would suggest that other systems are only a relic of the past. In fact, many other systems arc currently in use.
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Holloway, Ian D., Christian Battista, Stephan E. Vogel, and Daniel Ansari. "Semantic and Perceptual Processing of Number Symbols: Evidence from a Cross-linguistic fMRI Adaptation Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (March 2013): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00323.
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The ability to process the numerical magnitude of sets of items has been characterized in many animal species. Neuroimaging data have associated this ability to represent nonsymbolic numerical magnitudes (e.g., arrays of dots) with activity in the bilateral parietal lobes. Yet the quantitative abilities of humans are not limited to processing the numerical magnitude of nonsymbolic sets. Humans have used this quantitative sense as the foundation for symbolic systems for the representation of numerical magnitude. Although numerical symbol use is widespread in human cultures, the brain regions involved in processing of numerical symbols are just beginning to be understood. Here, we investigated the brain regions underlying the semantic and perceptual processing of numerical symbols. Specifically, we used an fMRI adaptation paradigm to examine the neural response to Hindu-Arabic numerals and Chinese numerical ideographs in a group of Chinese readers who could read both symbol types and a control group who could read only the numerals. Across groups, the Hindu-Arabic numerals exhibited ratio-dependent modulation in the left IPS. In contrast, numerical ideographs were associated with activation in the right IPS, exclusively in the Chinese readers. Furthermore, processing of the visual similarity of both digits and ideographs was associated with activation of the left fusiform gyrus. Using culture as an independent variable, we provide clear evidence for differences in the brain regions associated with the semantic and perceptual processing of numerical symbols. Additionally, we reveal a striking difference in the laterality of parietal activation between the semantic processing of the two symbols types.
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Payne, Joseph N. "Ideas." Arithmetic Teacher 34, no. 1 (September 1986): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.34.1.0026.
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The ancient Egyptian numerals used as far back as 3400 B.C. had groupings by ten but no place values. The use of these symbols will help students understand our base-ten system and the efficiency of our place-value notation. The basic rules for writing ancient Egyptian numerals (Egyptians now use Hindu-Arabic numerals, as we do) are relatively simple.
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Chrisomalis, Stephen. "A Cognitive Typology for Numerical Notation." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14, no. 1 (April 2004): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774304000034.
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The numerical notation associated with texts and other representational media used in ancient societies is an important means by which past cognitive processes may be reconstructed. No satisfactory typology exists, however, to help understand the relationship between numerical symbols and cognitive processes. As a result, theories concerning the development of numeration remain mired in a unilinear and ethnocentric framework in which our own (Hindu-Arabic or Western) numerals are seen as the ultimate stage of evolution. It is suggested herein that there are two separate dimensions that need to be considered when classifying and evaluating numerical notation systems, and that these dimensions are structured in highly constrained ways. A new typology is presented in which systems are classified into five major types on the basis of these dimensions. Using this typology, a multilinear model is presented for the patterned diachronic change in numerical notation systems, which refutes both unilinear evolutionary theories and radically relativistic propositions regarding how individuals in pre-modern societies represented numbers.
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Walmsley, Angela L. E. "Math Roots: Understanding Aztec and Mayan Numeration Systems." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 12, no. 1 (August 2006): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.12.1.0055.
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Numbers have been recorded in a variety of ways throughout time. For example, the Babylonians used marks pressed in clay; the Egyptians used papyrus and ink brushes to create tally marks; and the Maya introduced a symbol for zero (Billstein, Libeskind, and Lott 2001). All these ancient peoples used numerals, or written symbols, to express what they meant mathematically. They created their own numeration system, which is a collection of uniform symbols and properties to express numbers systematically. The Hindu- Arabic system is one such numeration method; however, understanding others can reveal to students that our current system finds its roots in what has come before.
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Brown, Peter B. "Muscovite Arithmetic in Seventeenth-Century Russian Civilization: Is It Not Time to Discard the “Backwardness” Label?" Russian History 39, no. 4 (2012): 393–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/48763316-03904001.
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Muscovite civilization utilized Byzantine-Greek alphanumerals for its mathematical symbols. Occasionally derided by historians for being retrograde in comparison to the Hindu-Arabic numerals sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe adopted, Muscovy’s alphanumerals were versatile and suitably contoured to perform a variety of computational tasks. Muscovite alphanumerals were an integral part of early Moderen Russia’s administrative culture, and played a prominent role in fostering the experiential knowledge underlying the educational achievements of the Imperial Period. Though they lacked the zero and the decimal, Muscovites still had a reasonable grasp of the base-ten system, and comprehended well basic arithmetical skills and relationship properties, less so equational ones. The Russians developed complex abaci well suited for commercial transactions, large-scale construction, military inventories and payrolls, and the land registry, to name a few. These instruments manipulated an extensive variety of weights, measures, linear distances, area dimensions, volume measurements, and currency. Muscovite arithmetic was a prominent factor assisting in the advancement of critical thinking skills in 1600’s Russia. Nonetheless, as the seventeenth century wore on, sociological, educational or pedagogical, military scientific, administrative, and cultural arguments or interactive phenomena came to bear and increasingly found the Muscovite algorithmic symbols wanting. In 1699 the government decreed that Hindu-Arabic numerals henceforth were to be used in official documents throughout the country. Directly and indirectly, the complex thought processes bound up when operating with Muscovite alphanumerals were one impetus for the further unfolding of Russian civilization after 1700.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hindu-Arabic Numeral System"
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Andrade, Felipe Pelluso. "A criação dos números e sua evolução Matemática: de escrava a rainha das ciências." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8567.
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Este trabalho aborda, de maneira bem sucinta e objetiva, a história da evolução dos
números desde o primeiro risco em um osso, até chegar na forma atual como os conhecemos.
Ao longo de aproximadamente 30.000 anos de existência, os sistemas de numeração, suas
bases e representações sofreram inúmeras modificações, adequando-se ao contexto histórico
vigente. Podemos citar a mentalidade científica da época, a necessidade da conquista de
territórios, religiões e crenças e necessidades básicas da vida cotidiana. Deste modo,
mostramos uma corrente histórica que tenta explicar como e porque a ideia de número se
modifica com o tempo, sempre tendo em vista os fatores que motivaram tais mudanças e
quais benefícios (ou malefícios) trouxeram consigo. Com um capítulo dedicado a cada uma
das mais importantes civilizações que contribuíram para o crescimento da matemática e,
sempre que possível, em ordem cronológica de acontecimentos, o leitor consegue ter uma boa
ideia de como uma civilização influencia a outra e como um povo posterior pôde apoiar-se
nos conhecimentos adquiridos dos antepassados para produzir seus próprios algorítimos e
teoremas.
Book chapters on the topic "Hindu-Arabic Numeral System"
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"Did the Hindu-Arabic Numeral System Have Its Origins in the Rod Numeral System?" In Fleeting Footsteps, 169–85. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812567253_0010.
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"9. Did the Hindu-Arabic Numeral System have its Origins in the Rod Numeral System?" In Fleeting Footsteps, 133–48. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814537032_0009.
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Mazur, Joseph. "The Indian Gift." In Enlightening Symbols. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691173375.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the legacy of Indian mathematics. With very few archaeological clues, the origins of the Indian numbers must rely on a small wealth of writing that survives almost exclusively in the form of stone inscriptions. Some of those stone epigraphs used decimal place-value numerals, providing some evidence that ancient India was familiar with a kind of place-value numerical system. Some letter combinations of the Sanskrit words for numbers probably contributed suggestive shapes early in the morphographic history of our current script. The chapter first considers the Brahmi number system before turning to modern Hindu-Arabic numerals. It also examines how the Western system of numerals with zero came to be by focusing on finger counting, the dust boards, and the abacus.
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Mazur, Joseph. "Refuting Origins." In Enlightening Symbols. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691173375.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the debate among experts over the origins of the Hindu-Arabic numerals. One such expert was the French mathematician and historian Michel Chasles, who argued that by the fifth century, France already had a decimal place-value system for computations documented in Boethius's Arithmetic, which seemed to use a multiplication table with Arabic numbers. For much of the nineteenth century, the Indian origin of positional decimal notation had been challenged. The chapter also considers the claim made by George Rusby Kaye in 1907 that the numerals and the decimal system could not have been Indian in origin and that the history of Hindu-Arabic number representation was complicated by the existence of so many forgeries of the time. Whatever the truth, it is quite likely that sometime in the fifth century, Indian numbers had come to Alexandria via a trade route through Syria before moving westward.
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Mazur, Joseph. "Arrival in Europe." In Enlightening Symbols. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691173375.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how our current number system reached Europe. There is a dispute over whether or not the person most responsible for introducing Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe was Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, also known as Leonardo Fibonacci. One of the great mathematicians of his time, Fibonacci gained fame for the problem of how rabbits multiply. As a young man, Fibonacci traveled with his father around the Mediterranean, meeting priests, scholars, and merchants in Egypt, Syria, Greece, and Provence. He learned the number systems used in trade. In 1202, he wrote Liber abbaci (Book of the Calculations), a book about how to calculate without an abacus. The chapter also considers the Ta'rikh al-hukama (Chronology of the Scholars), a mid-thirteenth-century book written by Ibn al-Qifti that tells the story of how the Indian numbers came to the Arabs.