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Academic literature on the topic 'Hipogonadismo/genética'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hipogonadismo/genética"
Maia, Frederico F. R., Andréa Z. Coelho, Cristina G. Andrade, and Levimar R. Araújo. "Diagnóstico tardio da síndrome de Klinefelter: relato de caso." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 46, no. 3 (June 2002): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302002000300015.
Full textCerruti, Víctor Lucho. "Hipogonadismo Masculino. Estudio de cinco casos." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 46, no. 3 (April 9, 2014): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v46i3.5842.
Full textTusset, Cintia, Éricka B. Trarbach, Letícia Ferreira Gontijo Silveira, Daiane Beneduzzi, Luciana Montenegro, and Ana Claudia Latronico. "Aspectos clínicos e moleculares do hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico isolado congênito." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 55, no. 8 (November 2011): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302011000800002.
Full textCecchi, Andréa de Oliveira, Barbara Mendes Kirchhoff, Camila Graciano Gerotto, Elisabete Lilian Dair, Matheus Thiago Alves Martins, Nathália Barbosa Furlan, and Ronaldo de Castro Tavares. "Investigação ambulatorial na amenorréia primária: estudo de caso com pseudo isodicêntrico cromossomo X." Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde 13, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): e6912. http://dx.doi.org/10.25248/reas.e6912.2021.
Full textCarneiro, Lucileide Gonçalves, Esmeralda Santos Alves, and Acácia Fernandes Lacerda de Carvalho. "Treze anos de análises genéticas no Laboratório de Genética Médica do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 18, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v18i2.29181.
Full textPassone, Caroline Buff Gouveia, Paula Lage Pasqualucci, Ruth Rocha Franco, Simone Sakura Ito, Larissa Baldini Farjalla Mattar, Celia Priszkulnik Koiffmann, Leticia Azevedo Soster, Jorge David Aivazoglou Carneiro, Hamilton Cabral Menezes-Filho, and Durval Damiani. "SÍNDROME DE PRADER WILLI: O QUE O PEDIATRA GERAL DEVE FAZER - UMA REVISÃO." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 36, no. 3 (September 2018): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2018;36;3;00003.
Full textCosta, Elaine M. Frade, Sorahia Domenice, Rafaela Vieira Correa, Suemi Marui, Ana Claudia Latronico, and Berenice B. de Mendonça. "Genética molecular do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 47, no. 4 (August 2003): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302003000400016.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hipogonadismo/genética"
Amato, Lorena Guimarães Lima. "Novas perspectivas no estudo genético do hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico isolado (HHI) por meio da técnica de sequenciamento paralelo em larga escala." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-22102018-142108/.
Full textCongenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare condition caused by GnRH deficiency, due to defective hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production or secretion, or by pituitary resistance to the GnRH action. Congenital IHH is more prevalent in men and about 50% to 60% of affected individuals present with associated anosmia or hyposmia, characterizing Kallmann\'s syndrome. Several genes have already been associated with the pathogenesis of congenital IHH, but most cases still remain without a molecular diagnosis. Until recently, identification of the genetic causes of IHH was performed by sequencing candidate genes using the Sanger technique. However, with the growing number of genes and the genetic complexity of IHH, it has become almost impossible to keep the screening of all candidate genes updated using the traditional techniques. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed the simultaneous genotyping of several regions, faster and with lower relative cost. The present project was developed with the objective of tracking candidate genes in patients with congenital IHH using large-scale parallel sequencing, in aiming to increase the genetic knowledge of this rare condition. A total of 130 unrelated patients with IHH was studied by targeted NGS, using a panel containing 36 IHH associated genes. Initially, 104 potentially pathogenic variants were identified in 77 patients (59.2%). However, after an individualized analysis of each variant, the number of patients considered to carry pathogenic or probably pathogenic variants dropped to 41 (31.5%). The genes KAL1, FGFR1, CHD7 and GNRHR were the most frequently affected and these results confirm the importance of genes classically associated with IHH. It is noteworthy the high prevalence of variants in CHD7 (10.8%), a rather extensive gene, leading to technical difficulty of sequencing by traditional methods, which had not been studied in this cohort. CHD7 is the causative gene of CHARGE syndrome, however it has been recently identified in a growing number of congenital IHH patients with or without additional features of the syndrome. Among the results, we emphasize a novel mutation in the GNRH1 gene, a rare cause of IHH, and the identification of deleterious variants in the IGSF10 gene, recently associated with pubertal delay but without a clear role in the IHH phenotype, in two patients with reversible hypogonadism. Probably pathogenic variants in genes with few descriptions or even no reports of association with the IHH phenotype (SPRY4, FLRT3, IGSF1, NSMF, SOX10 and OTX2) were also identified in this cohort, increasing the genetic knowledge of IHH. Oligogenicity, previously described with a prevalence of 2.5% to 7%, was observed in 22% of our patients, demonstrating an increase in oligogenicity cases when compared to previous studies using only the Sanger sequencing. In conclusion, targeted NGS was able to increase the percentage of patients with molecular diagnosis from 22% to 31.5% in our cohort when compared to the previous data using the Sanger sequencing, and has been shown to be a fast, reliable and effective tool in the molecular diagnosis of congenital IHH
Berger, Karina. ""Hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico: diagnóstico pré-puberal e papel das isoformas e variantes gênicas do hormônio luteinizante no fenótipo da doença"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-07082006-134343/.
Full textLH and FSH responses to GnRH stimulation carried out in the pre-pubertal stage in patients with hypopituitarism followed until the pubertal stage are useful tools for predicting the gonadotropin deficiency diagnosis, especially in girls. The study of the codifying region of the LH gene in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and normal LH levels disclosed 5 allelic variants. The frequencies of the allelic variants Arg8 and Thr15 were similar between hypogonadic and normal adults, and their presence did not alter serum LH levels. The study of LH isoforms showed a predominance of acid LH isoforms in hypogonadic and normal subjects, which does not allow us to ascribe to their presence the low biological activity of the immunoreactive LH, found in 13% of the hypogonadic individuals
Trarbach, Ericka Barbosa. "Estudo citogenetico e molecular em pacientes com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrofico com e sem anosmia : sindorme de Kallmann e hipogonadismo hipogonadotropico." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316605.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A síndrome de Kallmann (SK) é uma afecção relativamente rara, caracterizada pela associação de hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico (HH) e anosmia/hiposmia. Embora a maioria dos casos de SK seja esporádica, diferentes padrões de herança, recessivo ligado ao X, autossômico dominante e autossômico recessivo têm sido descritos, sendo que a forma ligada ao X da síndrome (SKX) encontra-se genotípica e fenotipicamente melhor definida. O gene KAL-1 localizado em Xp22.3 escapa à inativação e codifica uma proteína, a anosmina, cujo papel tem sido relacionado ao processo de migração de neurônios produtores de GnRH que ocorre durante a embriogênese humana. No entanto, muitos casos de hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico não podem ser relacionados a qualquer alteração olfativa, sendo estes classificados como hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico normósmicos (HHn). Mutações no gene do receptor do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH-R) têm sido descritas numa parcela desses casos. Além disso, os genes NELF (fator nasal embrionário do hormônio liberador de hormônio luteinizante) e EBF2 (¿early B-cell factor¿) têm sido relacionados ao processo de migração de neurônios produtores de GnRH, sendo considerados possivelmente envolvidos na gênese do HH. O presente trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de se investigar a base genética das diferentes formas do HH. Para tal, foram avaliados 31 indivíduos com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico (pertencentes a 26 famílias), 22 com anosmia e nove com olfação normal, mediante a análise do cariótipo pela técnica de bandamento GTG seguida da análise molecular dos genes KAL-1 e GnRH-R, por PCR e seqüenciamento. Todos os pacientes estudados apresentaram cariótipo normal, à exceção de um caso esporádico de SK com microdeleção do locus KAL-1 detectada somente por FISH em estudo anteriormente realizado. Entre os pacientes com SK, foram detectadas mutações na região codificante do gene KAL-1 nas três famílias com herança recessiva ligada ao X e em um caso esporádico. Duas famílias apresentaram duas deleções intragênicas similares envolvendo os éxons 5-10; na terceira família detectou-se uma mutação 721C>T no éxon 5 levando a um códon de parada prematuro. Esta mutação ainda não se encontra descrita na literatura. No caso esporádico identificou-se uma mutação ¿frameshift¿ 1956delC no éxon 12. Em relação aos pacientes com HHn, não foram identificadas mutações nos genes GnRH-R e KAL-1. Nesses casos, e nos pacientes com SK cuja etiologia não pôde ser esclarecida, foram ainda analisados os genes NELF e EBF2. Contudo, nenhuma alteração nas seqüências desses genes foi identificada entre os pacientes da nossa casuística. Em conclusão, não foram encontradas evidências cromossômicas da localização de outros genes candidatos responsáveis pelo surgimento do HH. Duas mutações novas e duas deleções intragênicas semelhantes foram identificadas no gene KAL-1 entre os casos esporádicos e familiais da SK, observando-se que essas mutações ocorreram numa freqüência relativamente elevada em nossa casuística. Os pacientes com HHn não apresentaram mutações nos genes KAL-1 e GnRH-R. Não foram observadas anomalias nas seqüências codificantes dos genes NELF e EBF2 em nenhuma das formas de HH
Abstract: Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) with anosmia or hyposmia. Although the majority of KS cases are sporadic, the syndrome may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked modes of inheritance. The KAL-1 gene responsible for the X linked form of KS (X-KS) was mapped in Xp22.3 and encodes a protein called anosmin, that could function in the migration of GnRH-secreting neurons during embryonic development. However, many cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism do not have olfactory alterations, and are referred as normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nHH). Mutations in the GnRH-R gene have been described in some of these cases. In addition, the NELF and EBF2 genes have been implicated in the neuronal GnRH migration and are considered promising candidate to HH manifestation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic basis of different forms of HH. Thirty-one patients with HH (belonging to 26 families), 22 affected by KS and nine with normal olfaction, were evaluated by karyotype analysis using GTG banding technique followed by molecular analysis of the KAL-1 and GnRH-R genes, by PCR and sequencing techniques. All patients exhibited normal karyotypes, with exception of a previously studied KS sporadic case, where a microdeletion of the KAL-1 locus was detected only by FISH. Mutations were identified in the coding region of the KAL-1 gene in the three familial cases with X-linked inheritance and in one of the sporadic cases of KS. Two similar intragenic deletions involving exons 5-10 were observed in two families. In the third, a new point mutation on exon 5 (721C>T) leading to a premature stop codon was found, while a frameshift mutation caused by one nucleotide deletion (1956delC) within exon 12 was identified in the sporadic case. Mutations in the KAL-1 and GnRH-R genes were not observed in the patients with nHH. In these cases and in the KS patients without KAL-1 abnormalities, the coding sequences of genes NELF and EBF2 were analyzed. However, no mutation was detected in these genes in our sample. In conclusion, no chromosomal rearrangements or deletions that could be useful for the localization of other candidate genes responsible for HH were detected. Two new point mutations and two similar intragenic deletions of the KAL-1 gene were identified among sporadic and familial KS cases, with a relative high frequency in our sample. In the HHn patients, neither KAL-1 nor GnRH-R mutations were detected. No sequence abnormalities were demonstrated for the coding regions of the NELF and EBF2 genes in both forms of HH
Doutorado
Genetica Humana e Medica
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
Porto, Adriana Lofrano Alves. "Novos aspectos do hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico seletivo : avaliação da esteroidogênese gonadal na deficiência de FSH e análise do gene LHB na deficiência de LH." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/1062.
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Mutações inativadoras dos genes das gonadotrofinas são raras e representam oportunidade única para estudo dos efeitos do FSH e do LH, separadamente, in vivo. Anteriormente, descrevemos uma família brasileira, na qual dois irmãos, um homem e uma mulher, apresentavam deficiência seletiva de FSH devido à mutação Tyr76X, em homozigose, no gene FSHB. Recentemente identificamos outra família, na qual três irmãos, dois homens e uma mulher, apresentavam deficiência seletiva de LH. Na primeira parte do presente estudo (ESTUDO A), foi aplicado protocolo de estimulação hormonal nos pacientes com deficiência de FSH, com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos da estimulação gonadotrófica seletiva na resposta esteroidogênica gonadal em ambos os sexos. Na segunda parte (ESTUDO B), descrevemos as características clínicas e aspectos fisiopatológicos da deficiência seletiva de LH em ambos os sexos e realizamos a análise do gene da subunidade beta do LH (LHB) nos indivíduos afetados e seus familiares. No ESTUDO A, o protocolo consistiu inicialmente de análise da pulsatilidade do LH, obtida por meio de coletas noturnas seriadas de amostras de sangue para dosagem de LH. Em seguida, após supressão adrenal com dexametasona dois dias antes e durante o protocolo, foram realizadas medidas de esteróides sexuais gonadais no estado basal e após administração de hCG apenas, FSH apenas, ou FSH seguido de hCG (FSH+hCG). Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: número de pulsos de LH, média ± DP de suas amplitudes, média ± DP dos valores de LH ao longo da noite, e concentrações séricas de testosterona (T), estradiol (E2, SDHEA, 17hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP), androstenediona (AD) e inibina B (InB), antes e depois de cada estímulo. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados, na mulher e no homem, respectivamente: a média ± DP do LH ao longo da noite foi 49,2 ± 5,7 mIU/ml e 9,1 ± 2,9 mIU/ml; foram detectados 8 pulsos em 8 horas e 9 pulsos em 9 horas, com amplitudes de 53,4 ± 6,5 mIU/ml e 11,7 ± 1,9 mIU/ml. Não houve resposta esteroidogênica gonadal na mulher a nenhum dos estímulos utilizados, enquanto no homem, houve aumento de T e AD após hCG (55,2% e 125%, respectivamente), após FSH (76,3% e 40%) e após FSH+hCG (68% e 140%), houve aumento da 17OHP apenas após FSH+hCG (238,8%) e aumento do E2 após hCG (>116,1%) e após FSH+hCG (111,8%). A InB aumentou 480% após FSH. No ESTUDO B, a deficiência de LH caracterizou-se, nos homens, por ausência do desenvolvimento puberal e azoospermia e na mulher, por amenorréia secundária e infertilidade. As concentrações de séricas de LH foram indetectáveis e as de FSH, elevadas. O seqüenciamento do gene LHB revelou a presença da mutação IVS2+1G>C em homozigose nos indivíduos afetados. O rastreamento da mutação por digestão enzimática revelou que seis familiares férteis eram heterozigotos para a nova mutação, enquanto a mutação não foi identificada em nenhum dos 100 indivíduos normais, no grupo controle. A análise por RT-PCR do RNAm extraído de leucócitos dos indivíduos afetados demonstrou que a mutação resultou na inclusão do íntron 2 e, consequentemente, mudança da fase de leitura do éxon 3 do LHB. O alinhamento das seqüências da suposta proteína aberrante e do LH-beta normal evidenciou a perda de estruturas essenciais para a dimerização das subunidades e conseqüentemente comprometimento provável de sua secreção. Os resultados do ESTUDO A sugeriram que o FSH pode exercer efeito regulatório sobre a produção de andrógenos pelas células de Leydig normais, provavelmente agindo de forma parácrina, mediada por sua ação nas células de Sertoli. No ESTUDO B, a mutação identificada no gene LHB (IVS2+1G>C) resultou no fenótipo de deficiência seletiva de LH nos homozigotos, corroborando os efeitos fisiológicos principais do LH sobre a produção androgênica e fertilidade no sexo masculino e sobre a capacidade ovulatória e fertilidade, no sexo feminino. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Inactivating mutations of gonadotropins genes are rare and represent a unique oportunity to study FSH and LH effects, separately, in vivo. We previously described a Brazilian family including two siblings, a man and a woman, with selective FSH deficiency due to a mutation (Tyr76X) in FSHB gene. Recently, we identified another family including three siblings, two men and a woman, with selective LH deficiency. In the first part of this study (STUDY A), we performed a hormonal stimulation protocol in the FSH-deficient patients, in order to analyse the effects of selective gonadotropin stimulation on gonadal steroidogenic response in both sexes. In the second part (STUDY B), we described the clinical characteristics and physiopathologic features of selective LH deficiency in both sexes and performed the analysis of the LHB gene in the affected patients and their relatives. In STUDY A, the protocol started with overnight serial LH sampling for the analysis of LH pulsatility. After adrenal suppression with oral dexametasone given two days before and during the protocol, gonadal steroids levels were assessed at baseline and after hCG, FSH or FSH +hCG administration. The following variables were analysed: LH pulse number, mean ± SD LH amplitude, mean ± SD overnight LH level and baseline and stimulated serum levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dehidroepiandrosterone sulphate (SDHEA), 17hydroxi-progesterone (17OHP), androstenedione (AD) and inhibin B. The following results were obtained, for the woman and the man, respectively: the mean overnight LH levels were 49.2 ± 5.7 mIU/mL and 9.1 ± 2.9 mIU/mL; there were 8 pulses/8h and 9 pulses/9h, with mean amplitudes of 53.4 ± 6.5mIU/mL and 11.7 ± 1.9mIU/mL. There was no steroid response to rFSH, hCG or FSH+hCG in the woman. In the man, there was an increase in T and AD after hCG (55.2% and 125%, respectively), after FSH (76.3% and 40%) and after FSH+hCG (68% and 140%); an increase in 17OHP was observed only after FSH+hCG (238.8%); estradiol increased after hCG (>116%) and after FSH+hCG (111.8%), and inhibin B increased by 480% after FSH. In STUDY B, LH deficiency was charactized by absent pubertal development and azoospermia in the men, and by secondary amenorrhea and infertility in the woman. LH levels were undetectable, whereas FSH was elevated. LHB gene sequencing revealed a mutation (IVS2+1G>C) in homozygous state in the affected subjects. Mutation screening by enzymatic digestion revealed that six fertile family members were heterozygotes for the new mutation, whereas the mutation was not found in any of the 100 normal subjects in the control group. RT-PCR analysis of the LHB mRNA extracted from leucocytes of the affected subjects demonstrated that the mutation resulted in the inclusion of intron 2 and, consequently, in an exon 3 frameshift. Sequence alignments of the supposed aberrant protein and wild-type LHB showed that the aberrant protein would lack structures essential for subunit dimerization, which would probably compromise its secretion. The results from STUDY A suggested that FSH may exert a regulatory role in androgen production by Leydig cells, probably acting in a paracrine way, mediated by its action on Sertoli cells. The LHB mutation identified in STUDY B (IVS2+1G>C) resulted in the phenotype of selective LH deficiency in homozygotes, reinforcing the main physiologic effects of LH on androgen production and fertility in men, and on ovulatory capacity and fertility in women.
Gonçalves, Catarina Inês Nunes Pires. "Genética molecular do hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico idiopático." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4211.
Full textIdiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is defined by complete or partial failure of pubertal development due to the compromised secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol), in the absence of any hypothalamic-pituitary organic cause. Congenital forms of IHH include Kallmann Syndrome (KS), which is characterized by gonadotropin deficiency with a defective sense of smell (anosmia or hyposmia), and IHH without olfactory defects (normosmic IHH). This condition can be detected in childhood by the presence of micropenis and/or cryptorchidism, in combination with low levels of gonadotropins and sex hormones or, more frequently, in adults due to absent secondary sexual characteristics. Other non-reproductive phenotypes may be present, such as midline facial defects, tooth agenesis, hearing loss, renal agenesis, synkinesis and digital bone abnormalities. About one third of patients with IHH reveal a genetic defect in genes that regulate the embryonic development or migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, or the synthesis, secretion or action of GnRH. This disease can have an oligogenic character, since there have been reports of individuals with IHH with genetic alterations in more than one gene. Although rarely, there are patients that show spontaneous reversal of hypogonadism after hormone treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mutations and to predict their functional consequences in a cohort of patients with IHH. In this regard 50, unrelated patients with IHH were studied by sequencing genes associated with this disease: KAL1, FGFR1, FGF8, CHD7, PROK2, PROKR2, KISS1R, TAC3, TACR3, GNRH1 and GNRHR. The functional consequences of mutations were predicted by in silico structural and conservation analysis. A total of 43 variants considered pathogenic (of which 18 have never been described) were identified in 30 of the 50 studied patients, which correspond to a frequency of genetic causes of 60%. The variants were recognized with different frequencies depending on the gene: KAL1 (7%), FGFR1 (25,6%), FGF8 (2,3%), CHD7 (39,5%), PROK2 (2,3%), PROKR2 (11,6%), KISS1R (2,3%) and GNRHR (9,3%). In silico analyses were consistent with a critical role for the mutations in the activity of the encoded proteins. In addition oligogenic cases were found in seven families, as well as a case of reversal of the disease after interruption of testosterone replacement therapy. Although we did not observe a clear genotype/phenotype relationship, we observed that, in agreement to that described in the literature, mutations in the KAL1 gene may occur in patients with kidney problems and mutations in FGFR1 and CHD7 may be associated with hearing loss. In summary, this study identified 18 new pathogenic mutations in KAL1, FGFR1, CHD7, KISS1R GNRHR and PROKR2 genes, thereby expanding the spectrum of mutations associated with IHH. It also confirmed the increasingly oligogenic character of this disease, that explains cases of incomplete penetrance and phenotypic variability, present in some studied families. These studies may prove to be of great importance for genetic counselling, since patients with known mutations can be alerted for the possible coexistence of other malformations and for the probability of recurrence in other family members, so that measures can be taken to minimize the harmful effects.