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Journal articles on the topic 'HIPP'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Heng, Xu Zhang, Jia Liu, Ying Niu, Yiming Chen, Yongli Hao, Jia Zhao, et al. "Characterization of the Heavy-Metal-Associated Isoprenylated Plant Protein (HIPP) Gene Family from Triticeae Species." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 6191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176191.

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Heavy-metal-associated (HMA) isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) only exist in vascular plants. They play important roles in responses to biotic/abiotic stresses, heavy-metal homeostasis, and detoxification. However, research on the distribution, diversification, and function of HIPPs in Triticeae species is limited. In this study, a total of 278 HIPPs were identified from a database from five Triticeae species, and 13 were cloned from Haynaldia villosa. These genes were classified into five groups by phylogenetic analysis. Most HIPPs had one HMA domain, while 51 from Clade I had two, and all HIPPs had good collinear relationships between species or subgenomes. In silico expression profiling revealed that 44 of the 114 wheat HIPPs were dominantly expressed in roots, 43 were upregulated under biotic stresses, and 29 were upregulated upon drought or heat treatment. Subcellular localization analysis of the cloned HIPPs from H. villosa showed that they were expressed on the plasma membrane. HIPP1-V was upregulated in H. villosa after Cd treatment, and transgenic wheat plants overexpressing HIPP1-V showed enhanced Cd tolerance, as shown by the recovery of seed-germination and root-growth inhibition by supplementary Cd. This research provides a genome-wide overview of the Triticeae HIPP genes and proved that HIPP1-V positively regulates Cd tolerance in common wheat.

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2

Kang, D., M. Ding, I. Topchiy, L. Shifflett, and B. Kocsis. "Theta-rhythmic drive between medial septum and hippocampus in slow-wave sleep and microarousal: a Granger causality analysis." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 5 (November 2015): 2797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00542.2015.

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Medial septum (MS) plays a critical role in controlling the electrical activity of the hippocampus (HIPP). In particular, theta-rhythmic burst firing of MS neurons is thought to drive lasting HIPP theta oscillations in rats during waking motor activity and REM sleep. Less is known about MS-HIPP interactions in nontheta states such as non-REM sleep, in which HIPP theta oscillations are absent but theta-rhythmic burst firing in subsets of MS neurons is preserved. The present study used Granger causality (GC) to examine the interaction patterns between MS and HIPP in slow-wave sleep (SWS, a nontheta state) and during its short interruptions called microarousals (a transient theta state). We found that during SWS, while GC revealed a unidirectional MS→HIPP influence over a wide frequency band (2–12 Hz, maximum: ∼8 Hz), there was no theta peak in the hippocampal power spectra, indicating a lack of theta activity in HIPP. In contrast, during microarousals, theta peaks were seen in both MS and HIPP power spectra and were accompanied by bidirectional GC with MS→HIPP and HIPP→MS theta drives being of equal magnitude. Thus GC in a nontheta state (SWS) vs. a theta state (microarousal) primarily differed in the level of HIPP→MS. The present findings suggest a modification of our understanding of the role of MS as the theta generator in two regards. First, a MS→HIPP theta drive does not necessarily induce theta field oscillations in the hippocampus, as found in SWS. Second, HIPP theta oscillations entail bidirectional theta-rhythmic interactions between MS and HIPP.

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3

Krost, Heidrun. "Hipp und hilfreich." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 17 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-17-032.

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Frankfurt. Newcomer wie Ankerkraut oder Just Spices sorgen für Bewegung am Gewürzmarkt, stehen jedoch für weniger als 5 Prozent des Marktes. Eine spürbare Volumenbelebung im Haushaltsmarkt kam mit Corona. Die Haushaltsausgaben stiegen erstmals auf rund 1 Milliarde Euro.

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4

Steinberger, Jutta, Leo Shen, Stephen J. Kiniry, Sai Kiran Naineni, Regina Cencic, Mehdi Amiri, Sarah A. E. Aboushawareb, et al. "Identification and characterization of hippuristanol-resistant mutants reveals eIF4A1 dependencies within mRNA 5′ leader regions." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 17 (August 7, 2020): 9521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa662.

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Abstract Hippuristanol (Hipp) is a natural product that selectively inhibits protein synthesis by targeting eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A, a DEAD-box RNA helicase required for ribosome recruitment to mRNA templates. Hipp binds to the carboxyl-terminal domain of eIF4A, locks it in a closed conformation, and inhibits its RNA binding. The dependencies of mRNAs for eIF4A during initiation is contingent on the degree of secondary structure within their 5′ leader region. Interest in targeting eIF4A therapeutically in cancer and viral-infected settings stems from the dependencies that certain cellular (e.g. pro-oncogenic, pro-survival) and viral mRNAs show towards eIF4A. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based variomics screen, we identify functional EIF4A1 Hipp-resistant alleles, which in turn allowed us to link the translation-inhibitory and cytotoxic properties of Hipp to eIF4A1 target engagement. Genome-wide translational profiling in the absence or presence of Hipp were undertaken and our validation studies provided insight into the structure-activity relationships of eIF4A-dependent mRNAs. We find that mRNA 5′ leader length, overall secondary structure and cytosine content are defining features of Hipp-dependent mRNAs.

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5

Düthmann, Christiane. "„Wir müssen mehr tun“." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 31 (2021): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-31-017.

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Der Babykosthersteller Hipp will bis 2025 klimapositiv werden. Im LZ-Gespräch erläutert Stefan Hipp, warum CO₂-Neutralität nicht ausreicht, weshalb er auf Kompost schwört und konventionelle Lebensmittel zu billig findet.

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6

Palesi, F., P. Vitali, P. Chiarati, G. Castellazzi, E. Caverzasi, A. Pichiecchio, E. Colli-Tibaldi, et al. "DTI and MR Volumetry of Hippocampus-PC/PCC Circuit: In Search of Early Micro- and Macrostructural Signs of Alzheimers's Disease." Neurology Research International 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/517876.

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Hippocampal damage, by DTI or MR volumetry, and PET hypoperfusion of precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PC/PCC) were proposed as biomarkers of conversion from preclinical (MCI) to clinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluated structural damage, by DTI and MR volumetry, of hippocampi and tracts connecting hippocampus to PC/PCC (hipp-PC/PCC) in 10 AD, 10 MCI, and 18 healthy controls (CTRL). Normalized volumes, mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were obtained for grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), hippocampi, PC/PCC, and hipp-PC/PCC tracts. In hippocampi and hipp-PC/PCC tracts, decreased volumes and increased MD were found in AD versus CTRL (P<.001). The same results with lower significance (P<.05) were found in MCI versus CTRL. Verbal memory correlated (P<.05) in AD with left hippocampal and hipp-PC/PCC tract MD, and in MCI with FA of total WM. Both DTI and MR volumetry of hippocampi and hipp-PC/PCC tracts detect early signs of AD in MCI patients.

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7

Choi, Yong Kee, Nika Adham, Béla Kiss, István Gyertyán, and Frank I. Tarazi. "Long-term effects of aripiprazole exposure on monoaminergic and glutamatergic receptor subtypes: comparison with cariprazine." CNS Spectrums 22, no. 6 (January 6, 2017): 484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852916000894.

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ObjectiveThis study examined the chronic effects of aripiprazole and cariprazine on serotonin (5-HT1Aand 5-HT2A) and glutamate (NMDA and AMPA) receptor subtypes. In addition, the effects of aripiprazole on D2and D3receptors were tested and compared with previously reported cariprazine data.MethodsRats received vehicle, aripiprazole (2, 5, or 15 mg/kg), or cariprazine (0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 mg/kg) for 28 days. Receptor levels were quantified using autoradiographic assays on brain sections from the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC), dorsolateral frontal cortex (DFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate-putamen medial (CPu–M), caudate-putamen lateral (CPu–L), hippocampal CA1 (HIPP–CA1) and CA3 (HIPP–CA3) regions, and the entorhinal cortex (EC).ResultsSimilar to previous findings with cariprazine, aripiprazole upregulated D2receptor levels in various regions; D3receptor changes were less than those reported with cariprazine. All aripiprazole doses and higher cariprazine doses increased 5-HT1Areceptors in the MPC and DFC. Higher aripiprazole and all cariprazine doses increased 5-HT1Areceptors in HIPP–CA1 and HIPP–CA3. Aripiprazole decreased 5-HT2Areceptors in the MPC, DFC, HIPP–CA1, and HIPP–CA3 regions. Both compounds decreased NMDA receptors and increased AMPA receptors in select brain regions.ConclusionsLong-term administration of aripiprazole and cariprazine had similar effects on 5-HT1A, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. However, cariprazine more profoundly increased D3receptors while aripiprazole selectively reduced 5-HT2Areceptors. These results suggest that the unique actions of cariprazine on dopamine D3receptors, combined with its effects on serotonin and glutamate receptor subtypes, may confer the clinical benefits, safety, and tolerability of this novel compound in schizophrenia and bipolar mania.

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8

LYNCE, INÊS, and JOÃO MARQUES-SILVA. "HAPLOTYPE INFERENCE WITH BOOLEAN SATISFIABILITY." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 17, no. 02 (April 2008): 355–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003935.

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Mutation in DNA is the principal cause for differences among human beings, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common mutations. Hence, a fundamental task is to complete a map of haplotypes (which identify SNPs) in the human population. Associated with this effort, a key computational problem is the inference of haplotype data from genotype data, since in practice genotype data rather than haplotype data is usually obtained. Different haplotype inference approaches have been proposed, including the utilization of statistical methods and the utilization of the pure parsimony criterion. The problem of haplotype inference by pure parsimony (HIPP) is interesting not only because of its application to haplotype inference, but also because it is a challenging NP-hard problem, being APX-hard. Recent work has shown that a SAT-based approach is the most efficient approach for the problem of haplotype inference by pure parsimony (HIPP), being several orders of magnitude faster than existing integer linear programming and branch and bound solutions. This paper provides a detailed description of SHIPs, a SAT-based approach for the HIPP problem, and presents comprehensive experimental results comparing SHIPs with all other exact approaches for the HIPP problem. These results confirm that SHIPs is currently the most effective approach for the HIPP problem.

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9

Hipp, Jamie. "First Person: The pandemic’s silver lining: Real talk for future teachers." Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720956849.

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When the COVID-19 pandemic closed her university campus, Jamie Hipp had to move her popular arts integration class for preservice teachers to a virtual format. She was surprised to learn that her students wanted more than regular sessions during their scheduled class times; they wanted additional opportunities for “real teacher talk” about going on interviews, setting up a classroom, and other practical matters that weren’t being covered in their preservice program. Hipp set up a series of virtual sessions on topics of interest to students, in addition to regular class sessions. The sessions went so well that Hipp intends to continue having them, even after the pandemic is over and her campus reopens.

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10

Pae, Taavi. "„Meil oli Mihkel Mehka ja ta naise nimi Hipp“ – Hargla kihelkonna tunnuslikest eesnimedest." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.1.06.

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Siinses artiklis vaatlen Hargla kihelkonna isikunimistut, keskendudes piirkonna tunnusnimedele Mehka ja Hipp. Neist esimese järgi on tekkinud piirkonnanimi Mehkamaa ja ka etnonüüm mehkad piirkonna elanike tähistamiseks. Nimekasutuse uurimiseks koostasin Eesti Rahvusarhiivis säilitatavate Hargla kihelkonna kirikuraamatute põhjal eesnimekorpuse. Eelkõige analüüsin tunnusnimede ajalist ulatust lähtuvalt legendist, mille järgi Põhjasõja aegadel jäid piirkonda elama vaid Mehka ja Hipp ning Mõniste ümbruse rahvas pärineb suuresti sellest kooselust. Arhiiviallikad näitavad, et nimi Mehka ilmub kirikuraamatutesse alles 18. sajandi lõpus, kuid nimi võis olla varem kirikuraamatusse kirjutatud Mihklina. Eelmainitud legendi võib aga pidada kunstlikuks, mille levik on seotud eelkõige Mõniste muuseumiga, kus seda hakati tutvustama. Hargla kihelkonna üldine nimevaramu muutus aga käib kokku ühiskondlike muutustega 19. sajandi lõpukümnenditel ja sealt kadusid koos mitmete teiste toonaste tavaliste nimedega ka piirkonna tunnuseesnimed Mehka ja Hipp. Abstract. Taavi Pae: “We used Mehka instead Mihkel and his wife’s name was Hipp” – On the characteristic first names of Hargla parish. In this article, I analyse first names in the Hargla parish (Võru county in Southern Estonia), focusing on two historically typical first names for the region: Mehka and Hipp. The first of these has been used to identify the whole area (Mehkamaa) as well as an ethnonym (mehkad). The author compiled a firstname corpus based on the Hargla parish register kept in the Estonian National Archives. One motive for the analysis was to verify the folklore of only two people in the area – a Mehka and a Hipp – surviving the Great Northern War, with the full population of the area descending from this partnership. The archive materials indicate that Mehka appeared in the parish register only in the late 18th century. There are several references to the earlier use of that name, but in the parish record they were marked as Mihkel. Nonetheless, the ‘folklore’ can be considered artificial with its spread primarily related to the Mõniste Museum founded in 1957. The general change in the name system of Hargla parish coincided with the social changes in the late 19th century. The regional first names Mehka and Hipp disappeared and the names became longer and more German-like.

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11

Grota, Patti G., Sarah Meinzen, and Penny Burleson-Rine. "HIPP Lead to Self-health." Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 32, no. 3 (July 2009): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0b013e3181ab9273.

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12

&NA;. "HIPP Leads to Self-health." Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 32, no. 3 (July 2009): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cnq.0000356820.77820.bf.

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13

Brändlein, Philip. "Hipp wehrt sich gegen Yamo." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 16 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-16-017-1.

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14

Mamdani, F., B. Rollins, L. Morgan, R. M. Myers, J. D. Barchas, A. F. Schatzberg, S. J. Watson, et al. "Variable telomere length across post-mortem human brain regions and specific reduction in the hippocampus of major depressive disorder." Translational Psychiatry 5, no. 9 (September 2015): e636-e636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.134.

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Abstract Stress can be a predisposing factor to psychiatric disorders and has been associated with decreased neurogenesis and reduced hippocampal volume especially in depression. Similarly, in white blood cells chronic psychological stress has been associated with telomere shortening and with mood disorders and schizophrenia (SZ). However, in previous post-mortem brain studies from occipital cortex and cerebellum, no difference in telomere length was observed in depression. We hypothesized that in psychiatric disorders, stress-driven accelerated cellular aging can be observed in brain regions particularly sensitive to stress. Telomere length was measured by quantitative-PCR in five brain regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus (HIPP), amygdala, nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra (SN)) in major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, SZ and normal control subjects (N=40, 10 subjects per group). We observed significant differences in telomere length across brain regions suggesting variable levels of cell aging, with SN and HIPP having the longest telomeres and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex the shortest. A significant decrease (P<0.02) in telomere length was observed specifically in the HIPP of MDD subjects even after controlling for age. In the HIPP of MDD subjects, several genes involved in neuroprotection and in stress response (FKBP5, CRH) showed altered levels of mRNA. Our results suggest the presence of hippocampal stress-mediated accelerated cellular aging in depression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular specificity of these findings.

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15

Hipp, J. Aaron. "Seeing Change in Environments and Behavior." Contexts 17, no. 3 (August 2018): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504218792531.

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16

Wilcox, Sara, Jihong Liu, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, Judith Burgis, Cheryl Addy, Ellen Wingard, Brandi Blackmon, Alicia A. Dahl, and Lara Schneider. "Health In Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP)." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 862–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519332.82796.e5.

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17

Winslett, Marianne, and Vanessa Braganholo. "Richard Hipp Speaks Out on SQLite." ACM SIGMOD Record 48, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377330.3377338.

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18

Choi, Mun-Ho, Seung-Ho Kang, and Hyeong-Seok Lim. "An improved preprocessing algorithm for haplotype inference by pure parsimony." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 12, no. 04 (August 2014): 1450020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720014500206.

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The identification of haplotypes, which encode SNPs in a single chromosome, makes it possible to perform a haplotype-based association test with disease. Given a set of genotypes from a population, the process of recovering the haplotypes, which explain the genotypes, is called haplotype inference (HI). We propose an improved preprocessing method for solving the haplotype inference by pure parsimony (HIPP), which excludes a large amount of redundant haplotypes by detecting some groups of haplotypes that are dispensable for optimal solutions. The method uses only inclusion relations between groups of haplotypes but dramatically reduces the number of candidate haplotypes; therefore, it causes the computational time and memory reduction of real HIPP solvers. The proposed method can be easily coupled with a wide range of optimization methods which consider a set of candidate haplotypes explicitly. For the simulated and well-known benchmark datasets, the experimental results show that our method coupled with a classical exact HIPP solver run much faster than the state-of-the-art solver and can solve a large number of instances that were so far unaffordable in a reasonable time.

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19

De Pril, Nelson, and Jan Dhaene. "Error Bounds for Compound Poisson Approximations of the Individual Risk Model." ASTIN Bulletin 22, no. 2 (November 1992): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.22.2.2005111.

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AbstractThe approximation of the individual risk model by a compound Poisson model plays an important role in computational risk theory. It is thus desirable to have sharp lower and upper bounds for the error resulting from this approximation if the aggregate claims distribution, related probabilities or stop-loss premiums are calculated.The aim of this paper is to unify the ideas and to extend to a more general setting the work done in this connection by Bühlmann et al. (1977), Gerber (1984) and others. The quality of the presented bounds is discussed and a comparison with the results of Hipp (1985) and Hipp & Michel (1990) is made.

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Dhaene, Jan, Bjørn Sundt, and Nelson De Pril. "Some Moment Relations for the Hipp approximation." ASTIN Bulletin 26, no. 1 (May 1996): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.26.1.563237.

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AbstractIn the present note we consider the Hipp approximation to the convolution of a finite number of probability distributions on the non-negative integers. It is shown that the moment up to and including order r of the rth order approximation are equal to the corresponding moments of the exact distribution. We also give a relation between the exact and approximated (r + 1)th order moments and indicate how similar relations can be obtained for higher order moments.

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21

Rodríguez Alfageme, Ignacio. "Sobre la fecha de Hipp. De Glandulis." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 8 (August 29, 1992): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.8.1992.9778.

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22

Furley, W. D. "Phaidra's pleasurable aidos (Eur. Hipp. 380–7)." Classical Quarterly 46, no. 1 (May 1996): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/46.1.84.

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Rather than apologize for taking up this battered subject once again, let me compare scholarly treatment of the passage to such ancient rites as singing the skolion, where every member of the symposium was supposed to give his variant of a given theme. First we must have the passage before us. Phaidra, after first appearing on stage in a delirium where her speech is by no means coherent, addresses the chorus of women of Troizen from line 373 on in rational terms, explaining her predicament and behaviour. Peoples' lives, she says, are not ruined by lack of intelligence, but by failure to live up to their recognition of right and wrong. Some fail to realize (381 ⋯κπονεῖν) their high ideals through laziness or inertia (381 ⋯ργ⋯ας ὓπο), others by putting some dubious pleasure before the good (382–3 οἱ δ' ⋯δον⋯ν προθέντες ⋯ντ⋯ το⋯ καλο⋯ / ἂλλην τιν').

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23

O’Brien, Frank J., Robert D. Mair, Natalie S. Plummer, Timothy W. Meyer, Scott M. Sutherland, and Tammy L. Sirich. "Impaired Tubular Secretion of Organic Solutes in Acute Kidney Injury." Kidney360 1, no. 8 (June 24, 2020): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0001632020.

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BackgroundImpairment of kidney function is routinely assessed by measuring the accumulation of creatinine, an organic solute cleared largely by glomerular filtration. We tested whether the clearance of solutes that undergo tubular secretion is reduced in proportion to the clearance of creatinine in humans with AKI.MethodsFour endogenously produced organic solutes (phenylacetylglutamine [PAG], hippurate [HIPP], indoxyl sulfate [IS], and p-cresol sulfate [PCS]) were measured in spot urine and plasma samples from ten patients with AKI and 17 controls. Fractional clearance relative to creatinine was calculated to assess tubular secretion. Fractional clearance values were calculated in terms of the free, unbound levels of HIPP, IS, and PCS that bind to plasma proteins.ResultsFractional clearance values for PAG, HIPP, IS, and PCS were >1.0 in patients with AKI as well as controls, indicating that these solutes were still secreted by the tubules of the injured kidneys. Fractional clearance values were, however, significantly lower in patients with AKI than controls, indicating that kidney injury reduced tubular secretion more than glomerular filtration (AKI versus control: PAG, 2.1±0.7 versus 4.6±1.4, P<0.001; HIPP, 10±5 versus 15±7, P=0.02; IS, 10±6 versus 28±7, P<0.001; PCS, 3.3±1.8 versus 10±3, P<0.001). Free plasma levels rose out of proportion to total plasma levels for each of the bound solutes in AKI, so that calculating their fractional clearance in terms of their total plasma levels failed to reveal their impaired secretion.ConclusionsTubular secretion of organic solutes can be reduced out of proportion to glomerular filtration in AKI. Impaired secretion of protein-bound solutes may be more reliably detected when clearances are expressed in terms of their free, unbound levels in the plasma.

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24

Zehnder, Adalbert. "Support-Funktion für die Medizin." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 19, no. 09 (September 2014): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1577466.

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Wo liegen die Defizite? Wie können Krankenhäuser ihre Verwaltungsabteilungen auf Vordermann bringen und deren Rolle neu definieren? Ein kma-Gespräch mit Roman Hipp, Geschäftsbereichsleiter Gesundheitswesen bei Porsche Consulting.

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Kyprianou, Andreas E., and Xiaowen Zhou. "General tax Structures and the Lévy Insurance Risk Model." Journal of Applied Probability 46, no. 04 (December 2009): 1146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200006197.

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In the spirit of Albrecher and Hipp (2007), and Albrecher, Renaud, and Zhou (2008) we consider a Lévy insurance risk model with tax payments of a more general structure than in the aforementioned papers, which was also considered in Albrecher, Borst, Boxma, and Resing (2009). In terms of scale functions, we establish three fundamental identities of interest which have stimulated a large volume of actuarial research in recent years. That is to say, the two-sided exit problem, the net present value of tax paid until ruin, as well as a generalized version of the Gerber–Shiu function. The method we appeal to differs from Albrecher and Hipp (2007), and Albrecher, Renaud, and Zhou (2008) in that we appeal predominantly to excursion theory.

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Kyprianou, Andreas E., and Xiaowen Zhou. "General tax Structures and the Lévy Insurance Risk Model." Journal of Applied Probability 46, no. 4 (December 2009): 1146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1261670694.

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In the spirit of Albrecher and Hipp (2007), and Albrecher, Renaud, and Zhou (2008) we consider a Lévy insurance risk model with tax payments of a more general structure than in the aforementioned papers, which was also considered in Albrecher, Borst, Boxma, and Resing (2009). In terms of scale functions, we establish three fundamental identities of interest which have stimulated a large volume of actuarial research in recent years. That is to say, the two-sided exit problem, the net present value of tax paid until ruin, as well as a generalized version of the Gerber–Shiu function. The method we appeal to differs from Albrecher and Hipp (2007), and Albrecher, Renaud, and Zhou (2008) in that we appeal predominantly to excursion theory.

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27

Kucera, Martin. "Porsche-Consulting-Studie: „Mancher hält Digitalisierung für Hype“." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 21, no. 06 (May 31, 2016): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1578145.

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Porsche Consulting hat 60 Top-Manager deutscher Krankenhäuser online zum Thema Lean Hospital befragt. Im Gespräch mit kma erläutert Studienleiter Roman Hipp, warum es bei der Umsetzung an vielen Stellen hakt.

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Choi, Yong Kee, Nika Adham, Béla Kiss, István Gyertyán, and Frank I. Tarazi. "Long-term effects of cariprazine exposure on dopamine receptor subtypes." CNS Spectrums 19, no. 3 (November 8, 2013): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852913000680.

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IntroductionAll clinically effective antipsychotics are known to act on the dopaminergic system, and previous studies have demonstrated that repeated treatment with antipsychotics produced region-specific changes in dopamine receptor levels. Cariprazine is a dopamine D3 and D2 receptor partial agonist with preferential binding to D3 receptors. We examined the effects of chronic cariprazine administration on dopamine receptor levels.MethodsRats were administered either vehicle or cariprazine (0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 mg/kg) for 28 days. Dopamine receptor levels were quantitated using autoradiographic assays on brain tissue sections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), hippocampus (HIPP), olfactory tubercle (OT), and islands of Calleja (ICj).ResultsChronic treatment with cariprazine did not alter D1 receptor levels in any brain region tested. Cariprazine increased D2 receptor levels in mPFC (27%–43%), NAc (40%–45%), medial (41%–53%) and lateral (52%–63%) CPu, and HIPP (38%). Cariprazine dose-dependently upregulated D3 receptor levels in ICj (32%–57%), OT (27%–67%), and NAc shell (31%–48%). Repeated cariprazine treatment increased D4 receptor in NAc (53%–82%), medial (54%–98%) and lateral (58%–74%) CPu, and HIPP (38%–98%).ConclusionSimilar to other antipsychotics, cariprazine upregulated D2 and D4 receptor levels in various brain regions. Cariprazine was unique among antipsychotics in increasing D3 receptor levels, which may support its unique psychopharmacologic properties.

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Lehrer, Mark, and Stefan Schmid. "Family firms taking surprising risks: building success on conservative values." Journal of Business Strategy 40, no. 5 (September 3, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-06-2018-0116.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore hidden wellsprings of risk-taking in family firms. Design/methodology/approach The high tolerance for risk shown repeatedly by the famous family firm Hipp of Germany is documented. Three major risk-taking episodes at Hipp are examined. Findings Counterintuitively, conservative values were actually a major facilitator of risk-taking at Hipp. Research limitations/implications The ramifications for other family firms, especially in Germany’s so-called Mittelstand, are examined. An open question is whether the relevant scope of the foregoing analysis may be confined to national contexts like German Mittelstand with its highly developed sector of family firms. Practical implications Contrary to received wisdom, family firms with conservative values may actually have certain advantages in their capacity not only to assume certain types of risks but also to mitigate such risks. Especially the communitarian embeddedness of such values may provide a layer of risk mitigation. Social implications At least in some countries, such as Germany, family firms are indeed willing to engage in substantial risk-taking. With their approach of combining conservative values and risk-taking, they contribute to considerable wealth and societal development. Originality/value Conservatism in management and risk-taking propensity are usually thought of as antipodes. However, it is necessary to distinguish between conservatism (which usually equates to risk aversion) and conservative values (which, as shown, may be highly compatible with a willingness to engage and succeed in risky undertakings).

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Morgese, Maria Grazia, Maria Bove, Matteo Francavilla, Stefania Schiavone, Stefania Dimonte, Anna Laura Colia, Matteo Bevilacqua, Luigia Trabace, and Paolo Tucci. "Sublingual AKBA Exerts Antidepressant Effects in the Aβ-Treated Mouse Model." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050686.

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The 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is the most active compound of Boswellia serrata proposed for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized in its early phase by alteration in mood. Accordingly, we have previously demonstrated that an intracerebroventricular injection of soluble amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ) peptide evokes a depressive-like phenotype in rats. We tested the protective effects of AKBA in the mouse model of an Aβ-induced depressive-like phenotype. We evaluated the depressive-like behavior by using the tail suspension test (TST) and the splash test (ST). Behavioral analyses were accompanied by neurochemical quantifications, such as glutamate (GLU), kynurenine (KYN) and monoamines, and by biochemical measurements, such as glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), CD11b and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), in mice prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIPP). AKBA prevented the depressive-like behaviors induced by Aβ administration, since we recorded a reduction in latency to initiate self-care and total time spent to perform self-care in the ST and reduced time of immobility in the TST. Likewise, the increase in GLU and KYN levels in PFC and HIPP induced by the peptide injection were reverted by AKBA administration, as well as the displayed increase in levels of GFAP and NF-kB in both PFC and HIPP, but not in CD11b. Therefore, AKBA might represent a food supplement suitable as an adjuvant for therapy of depression in early-stage AD.

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Thalmayr, Maria. "Klinikbauten von Der Stange: Was Klinikplaner von Aldi und Lidl lernen können." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 25, no. 12 (December 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722473.

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Der Kostendruck im Gesundheitswesen ist in aller Munde. Trotzdem leisten wir uns bei jedem Klinikneu- oder umbau den Luxus eines Unikats. Dabei ließen sich mit Lösungen von der Stange eine Menge Geld sparen und bessere Ergebnisse erzielen. Nicht hipp, aber zweifellos zweckmäßig.

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Schulz, Hans-Jürgen, and Philip Brändlein. "Hero und DMK wollen mehr vom Babygeschäft." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 3 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-3-014.

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Frankfurt. Die Einführung der Aldi-Eigenmarke Mamia schlägt Wellen auf dem Markt für Babygläschen und Quetschbeutel. Der Discounter greift vor allem Preiseintrittsmarken an und wirbt mit dem Bio-Argument. Der ehemalige Hipp-Herausforderer Alete musste 2020 Freche Freunde an sich vorbeiziehen lassen.

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Carreño, Ignacio. "German Jurisprudence on ‘Probiotic’ Claims on Baby Food, Trademarks as ‘Health Claims’ and Transitional Use of Existing Trademarks." European Journal of Risk Regulation 6, no. 3 (September 2015): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00004906.

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On 26 February 2014, the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof, hereinafter, BGH) held, in the case Hipp v. Milupa, that trademarks can be health claims under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods (hereinafter the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation, NHCR). The BGH, therefore, confirmed the broad interpretation of the term ‘health claim’ and remanded the case back to the Frankfurt/Main Higher Regional Court (hereinafter, OLG Frankfurt). Products bearing trademarks that existed before 1 January 2005 and that do not comply with the NHCR may continue to be marketed until 19 January 2022. On 15 January 2015, the OLG Frankfurt handed down a new judgment in the proceedings between Hipp and Milupa, relating to the question as to whether a trademark had to be used with the identical and unchanged food product before January 2005 to fall under the transitional rule, or whether changes to the product were permissible.

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Zieske, Lothar. "Hippolytos – ein orphischer Vegetarier? Zu Eurip., Hipp. 952 – 954." Wiener Studien 125 (2012): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/wst125s23.

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Sonnier, R., V. Massardier, and Ph Cassagnau. "Compatibilization of hiPP/HDPE blends by a metallocene copolymer." International Journal of Material Forming 1, S1 (April 2008): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0301-z.

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Anis, Aziz Y. "Hydrosonic intercapsular piecemeal phacoemulsification or the ?HIPP?TM technique." International Ophthalmology 18, no. 1 (1994): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00919412.

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Trabace, Luigia, Margherita Zotti, Marilena Colaianna, Maria G. Morgese, Stefania Schiavone, Paolo Tucci, Brian H. Harvey, Gregers Wegener, and Vincenzo Cuomo. "Neurochemical differences in two rat strains exposed to social isolation rearing." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 24, no. 5 (October 2012): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00627.x.

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Objective: Isolation rearing of rats provides a non-pharmacological method of inducing behavioural changes in rodents that resemble schizophrenia or depression. Nevertheless, results are variable within different strains. We focused on neurochemical changes in several in vivo and post-mortem brain regions of Wistar (W) and Lister Hooded (LH) rats following post-weaning social separation.Methods: Experiments were conducted after 6–8 weeks of isolation. For post-mortem studies, prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAC), hippocampus (Hipp) and striatum (St) were collected by tissue dissection. In vivo experiments were conducted by microdialysis in the PFC. Analyses of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) levels and relative turnover were performed by using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: We found significant strain-related differences in biogenic amine content. LH rats were characterised by markedly raised DA, along with its turnover reduction, in all the post-mortem brain regions examined as well as in microdialysis samples, while in W rats 5-HT tissue concentration was lower in PFC and St and higher in NAC and Hipp. Cortical extracellular 5-HT concentrations were increased in group housed and decreased in isolated W animals. Moreover, isolation increased DA concentrations in the PFC of LH rats, and decreased 5-HT in W rats in NAC and Hipp. Lately, 5-HT turnover was also affected by both strain and isolation conditions.Conclusions: This study suggests that W and LH rats have markedly different neurochemical profiles in response to isolation, resulting in altered monoamine levels that vary according to brain area and rat strain. These findings highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate rat strain when considering isolation rearing to model symptoms of schizophrenia and/or depression.

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Conte, Elena, Adele Romano, Michela De Bellis, Marialuisa de Ceglia, Maria Rosaria Carratù, Silvana Gaetani, Fatima Maqoud, Domenico Tricarico, and Claudia Camerino. "Oxtr/TRPV1 expression and acclimation of skeletal muscle to cold-stress in male mice." Journal of Endocrinology 249, no. 2 (May 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-20-0346.

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We explored the involvement of oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)/transient-receptor-potential-vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) genes and oxytocin (Oxt) on the adaptation of skeletal muscle to cold stress challenge in mice. Oxtr expression in hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic nuclei (SON), and hippocampus (HIPP) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in parallel with the measurement of circulating Oxt. The Oxtr and TRPV1 gene expressions in soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were investigated by RT-PCR. Histological studies of the cardiac muscle after cold stress were also performed. Male mice (n = 15) were divided into controls maintained at room temperature (RT = 24°C), exposed to cold stress (CS) at T = 4°C for 6 h , and 5 days. Immunohistochemical studies showed that Oxtr protein expression increased by two-fold (P = 0.01) in PVN and by 1.5-fold (P = 0.0001) in HIPP after 6 h- and 5 days of CS but decreased by 2-fold (P = 0.026) in SON in 5 days. Both Oxtr and TRPV1 gene expression increased after 6 h and 5 days of CS in SOL and TA muscles. Oxtr vs TRPV1 gene expression in SOL and TA muscles evaluated by regression analysis was linearly correlated following CS at 6 h and 5 days but not at control temperature of 24 ± 1°C, supporting the hypothesis of coupling between these genes. The circulating levels of Oxt are unaffected after 6 h of CS but decreased by 0.2-fold (P = 0.0141) after 5 days-CS. This is the first report that Oxtr and TRPV1 expressions are upregulated in response to cold acclimation in skeletal muscle. The up-regulation of Oxtr in PVN and HIPP balances the decrease of circulating Oxt.

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Kapodistria, Stella, and Georgios Psarrakos. "SOME EXTENSIONS OF THE RESIDUAL LIFETIME AND ITS CONNECTION TO THE CUMULATIVE RESIDUAL ENTROPY." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 26, no. 1 (November 17, 2011): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964811000271.

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In this article we present a sequence of random variables with weighted tail distribution functions, constructed based on the relevation transform. For this sequence, we prove several recursive formulas and connections to the residual entropy through the unifying framework of the Dickson–Hipp operator. We also give some numerical examples to evaluate our results.

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40

C.M. Dickson, David, and Howard R. Waters. "Multi-Period Aggregate Loss Distributions for a Life Portfolio." ASTIN Bulletin 29, no. 2 (November 1999): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.29.2.504616.

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AbstractAlgorithms for the calculation of the distribution of the aggregate claims from a life insurance portfolio have been derived by Kornya (1983), Hipp (1986) and De Pril (1986 and 1989). All these authors considered the distribution of the aggregate claims over a single period. In this paper we derive algorithms for the calculation of the joint distribution of the aggregate claims from a life portfolio over several periods.

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41

Kyprianou, Andreas E., and Curdin Ott. "Spectrally Negative Lévy Processes Perturbed by Functionals of their Running Supremum." Journal of Applied Probability 49, no. 4 (December 2012): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1354716654.

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In the setting of the classical Cramér–Lundberg risk insurance model, Albrecher and Hipp (2007) introduced the idea of tax payments. More precisely, if X = {Xt: t≥ 0} represents the Cramér–Lundberg process and, for all t≥ 0, St=sup_{s≤ t}Xs, then Albrecher and Hipp studied Xt - γ St,t≥ 0, where γ∈(0,1) is the rate at which tax is paid. This model has been generalised to the setting that X is a spectrally negative Lévy process by Albrecher, Renaud and Zhou (2008). Finally, Kyprianou and Zhou (2009) extended this model further by allowing the rate at which tax is paid with respect to the process S = {St: t≥ 0} to vary as a function of the current value of S. Specifically, they considered the so-called perturbed spectrally negative Lévy process, Ut:=Xt -∫(0,t]γ(S_u)dSu,t≥ 0, under the assumptions that γ:[0,∞)→ [0,1) and ∫0∞ (1-γ(s))d s =∞. In this article we show that a number of the identities in Kyprianou and Zhou (2009) are still valid for a much more general class of rate functions γ:[0,∞)→∝. Moreover, we show that, with appropriately chosen γ, the perturbed process can pass continuously (i.e. creep) into (-∞, 0) in two different ways.

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42

Adams, J. N. "Pelagonius and Columella." Antichthon 25 (1991): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400000630.

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Horse doctors of the Roman period were often, but not always, of low social status. On the one hand we hear of ueterinarii I mulomedici who were slaves or freedmen, but on the other hand the Greek-speaking Theomnestus was the friend of an emperor (probably Licinius), and accompanied him on an expedition: note particularly Hipp. Ber. 34.12, CHG I, p. 183.22 f. . Apsyrtus too, whatever his date, was a of some status.

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43

Benedek, Solymosi. "A Médeia-szerelem tragikus vonásai az Argonautika harmadik könyvében." Antik Tanulmányok 60, no. 1 (June 2016): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/092.2016.60.1.2.

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Jelen tanulmányban az Apollónios Rhodios Argonautikájának harmadik könyvében ábrázolt Médeia- alak értelmezéséhez kívánunk újabb szemponttal hozzájárulni. Bemutatjuk és elemezzük a hősnőben fellángoló érzelem ábrázolására ható, a klasszikus attikai tragikus hagyományra, elsősorban Euripidésre viszszavezethető motívumokat. Az apollóniosi Médeia-kép lehetséges irodalmi előzményeinek körét Euripidés Phaidra-alakjával kívánjuk gyarapítani (Eur. Hipp. 373–524). Feltárjuk a két hősnőben lelki gyötrelmet okozó érzelem kialakulásának állomásait és mozgatóit, illetve kitérünk néhány további motívumra, melyek szintén erősítik a Hippolytos és az eposz kapcsolatát.

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Kyprianou, Andreas E., and Curdin Ott. "Spectrally Negative Lévy Processes Perturbed by Functionals of their Running Supremum." Journal of Applied Probability 49, no. 04 (December 2012): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200012845.

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In the setting of the classical Cramér–Lundberg risk insurance model, Albrecher and Hipp (2007) introduced the idea of tax payments. More precisely, if X = {X t : t≥ 0} represents the Cramér–Lundberg process and, for all t≥ 0, S t =sup_{s≤ t}X s , then Albrecher and Hipp studied X t - γ S t ,t≥ 0, where γ∈(0,1) is the rate at which tax is paid. This model has been generalised to the setting that X is a spectrally negative Lévy process by Albrecher, Renaud and Zhou (2008). Finally, Kyprianou and Zhou (2009) extended this model further by allowing the rate at which tax is paid with respect to the process S = {S t : t≥ 0} to vary as a function of the current value of S. Specifically, they considered the so-called perturbed spectrally negative Lévy process, U t :=X t -∫(0,t]γ(S_u)dS u ,t≥ 0, under the assumptions that γ:[0,∞)→ [0,1) and ∫0 ∞ (1-γ(s))d s =∞. In this article we show that a number of the identities in Kyprianou and Zhou (2009) are still valid for a much more general class of rate functions γ:[0,∞)→∝. Moreover, we show that, with appropriately chosen γ, the perturbed process can pass continuously (i.e. creep) into (-∞, 0) in two different ways.

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45

Jacob, Rolf G., Margaret A. Chesney, David M. Williams, Yijun Ding, and Alvin P. Shapiro. "Relaxation Therapy for Hypertension: Design Effects and Treatment Effects2." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 13, no. 1 (1991): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/13.1.5.

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Abstract The outcome literature on relaxation therapy for hypertension is surveyed and compared with the results of a recent meta-analysis, the Hypertension Intervention Pooling Project (HIPP). The results in the literature appear more favorable than those obtained in the HIPP. It seems that different impressions regarding the efficacy of relaxation therapy are reached depending on whether all studies or only methodologically sophisticated studies are examined. Besides pre-treatment pressure, the effect of baseline entry characteristics of a study were found to affect outcome: the largest declines in systolic pressure were reported in studies that included only one baseline session and used patients who were new to the outcome measurement setting. Comparing the changes of blood pressure in response to different treatment modalities yielded few differences once the effects of pre-treatment pressure and baseline entry characteristics had been considered; nevertheless, further research might be indicated to assess the effect of stress- or anxiety-management and EMG-biofeedback-assisted relaxation, using appropriate designs. The possibility of patient characteristics predisposing to successful treatment outcome was considered, but no clear findings are available at this time. A final concern is a possible lack of generalization of the relaxation effect outside of the blood pressure measurement situation; the declines in blood pressure observed with relaxation therapy may be transient and specific for the measurement situation.

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Pekmezi, Dori, Cole Ainsworth, Renee Desmond, Maria Pisu, Victoria Williams, Kaiying Wang, Taylor Holly, Karen Meneses, Bess Marcus, and Wendy Demark-Wahnefried. "Physical Activity Maintenance Following Home-Based, Individually Tailored Print Interventions for African American Women." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 2 (September 11, 2018): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918798819.

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African American women report low participation in physical activity and are disproportionately burdened by related conditions (obesity, breast, and colon cancer). Physical activity interventions have shown promising results among African American women, but most studies in this area have focused on short-term increases. More enduring changes in health behavior will be needed to eliminate existing health disparities. Thus, the current study examined 12-month physical activity and psychosocial outcomes from a pilot randomized controlled trial ( N = 84) of a Home-based Individually tailored Physical activity Print (HIPP) intervention for African American women in the Deep South. Retention was 77.4% at 12 months. HIPP participants increased self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from 35.1 minutes/week (standard deviation [SD] = 47.8) at baseline to 124 minutes/week ( SD = 95.5) at 12 months, compared with the wellness contact control participants who reported increases from 48.2 minutes/week ( SD = 51.3) to 102.5 minutes/week ( SD = 94.5) over 12 months (between-group p > .05). Results indicate that modest improvements in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and related psychosocial variables occurred during the active intervention phase (months 0-6) and were sustained during the tapered maintenance period (months 6-12). Low-cost, high-reach, home-based strategies have great potential for supporting sustained participation in physical activity and achieving long-term health benefits among African American women in the Deep South.

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Carlson, Cynthia E. "HIPP: A comprehensive school-based substance abuse program with cooperative community involvement." Journal of Primary Prevention 10, no. 4 (June 1990): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01326623.

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Fitzgerald, Brendan. "The One Church of Christ: Understanding Vatican II by Stephen A. Hipp." Antiphon: A Journal for Liturgical Renewal 23, no. 3 (2019): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/atp.2019.0025.

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Yu, Fa Rong, Xiu Zhen Lian, Ming Ren Xie, and Zuo Ping Li. "Effects of Immediate Stimulation on Single Nucleotide and Catecholamine Level in Chinese Tree Shrews." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.233.

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The present study examined the effects of the immediate stimuli on the levels of catecholamine and single nucleotide of Chinese tree shrew by using RIA approach. When tree shrews were under immediate stimulation, compared to the control animals, the levels of the epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP) in blood were significantly increased. Also, the acute stimulation could significantly enhance the cAMP and cGMP levels of the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (Hipp), and testis (Testicle), and the dopamine (DA) levels in PFC, Hipp, striatum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, when tree shrews were treated with reserpine, both the E and NE levels were significantly reduced (P< 0.01), indicating that the reserpine interventions could reduce or prevent those stress-related damages. Also, the mitochondrial index (the volume density, surface density and density) in hippocampus cells were significantly increased by 55.21%, 55.21% and 55.21% respectively (P<0.01), compared to those of the control animals housed. Our results demonstrated that the immediate stimulus can significantly affect the synthesis and release of epinephrine, norepinephrine, DA, cMAP, and cGMP in Chinese tree shrews. This study was supported by the following Chinese funding agencies: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31060283), the National Social Science Fund (07BSH054), the Lanzhou Social Science Fund (07-1-64), and the Academic Innovation Team Building Program Management of Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law (GZF2013CXTD003).

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Huang, Guang-Biao, Tong Zhao, Sushma Shrestha Muna, Tarique Rajasaheb Bagalkot, Hong-Mei Jin, Han-Jung Chae, and Young-Chul Chung. "Effects of chronic social defeat stress on behaviour, endoplasmic reticulum proteins and choline acetyltransferase in adolescent mice." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 7 (August 1, 2013): 1635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145713000060.

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Abstract The present study investigated the effects of social defeat stress on the behaviours and expressions of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) and choline acetyltransferase (Chat) in the brains of adolescent mice. Adolescent male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups (susceptible and unsusceptible) after 10 d social defeat stress. In expt 1, behavioural tests were conducted and brains were processed for Western blotting on day 21 after stress. In expt 2, social avoidance tests were conducted and brains were subsequently processed for Western blotting on day 12 after stress. Chronic social defeat stress produced more pronounced depression-like behaviours such as decreased locomotion and social interaction, increased anxiety-like behaviours and immobility, and impaired memory performance in susceptible mice. Moreover, susceptible mice showed greater expression of Grp78 and CHOP in the amygdala (Amyg) on days 12 and 21 compared with the other groups. Susceptible and unsusceptible groups showed significant increases in Grp78 and CHOP expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hipp) on day 12 compared with the control group; this persisted until day 21. The levels of Chat measured on days 12 and 21 were significantly lower in the PFC, Amyg and Hipp of all defeated mice compared with controls. The findings of the behavioural tests indicate that chronic social defeat in adolescents produces anxiety-like behaviours, social withdrawal, despair-like behaviours and cognitive impairment. The Grp78, CHOP and Chat results suggest that the selective response of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins in the Amyg plays an important role in the vulnerability–stress model of depression.

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