Journal articles: 'Hippo'

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Leap, Edwin. "HIPPA the Hippo." Emergency Medicine News 24, no. 4 (April 2002): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0000334171.49597.7c.

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Kifle, Zewdu, Workiyie Worie Assefa, and Amera Moges. "Human-hippo conflicts around Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia: Vulnerability of hippopotamus in human-dominated landscape." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 5, 2023): e0291802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291802.

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Currently, the demand of the human population for more land, water, and other natural resources from wildlife habitats is increasing all over the world. Such intense human pressure results in conflict with wildlife and the impacts affect both parties negatively. The human-hippo conflict poses a serious problem for both local farmers’ livelihoods and hippo conservation. To date, the extent of human-hippo conflict is poorly documented in Ethiopia. Specifically, the extent of human-hippo conflicts around Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve (LTBR) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent of human–hippo conflict, and possible mitigation measures proposed by the local people around LTBR, Ethiopia. We conducted a questionnaire interview with the household head, the household head’s wife, or other adults ≥ 18 years old. All respondents reported that crop damage was the main cause of human–hippo conflict around LTBR. Livestock grazing competition (17.4%) and human attack (19.5%) were also sources of conflicts in the region. Respondents claimed that hippos destroyed crops including maize (Zea mays), teff (Eragrostis teff), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and rice (Oryza sativa). Most (91.2%) respondents claimed that the severity of crop damage caused by hippos was high in the region. Most respondents (range 90 to 93%) complained about high crop damage suggesting that hippos be eliminated from the region. Local people estimated that the population sizes of hippos comprise an average of 243 individuals; however, we counted 122 hippos during our boat survey in the area. The result of this study showed that human-hippo conflicts cause negative effects on both farmers’ livelihood and hippo conservation in the region. To mitigate human-hippo conflict, we suggest that proper land use zonation systems around key areas, broad awareness creation among local people, and alternative crop production should be promoted around the LTBR.

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Inman, Victoria L., and Keith E. A. Leggett. "Hidden Hippos: Using Photogrammetry and Multiple Imputation to Determine the Age, Sex, and Body Condition of an Animal Often Partially Submerged." Drones 6, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120409.

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Demographic Information on threatened species is important to plan conservation actions. Due to their aquatic lifestyle, the subtle nature of hippo sexual dimorphism, and their occurrence in inaccessible areas, it is difficult to visually determine hippo ages and sexes. Previously, hippo body lengths have been measured from drone images and used to estimate age. However, due to hippos’ propensity to be partially submerged, it is often difficult to obtain the required measurements. We used the novel technique of multiple imputation to estimate missing body measurements. Further, we explored if male and female hippos could be differentiated in drone images based on body proportions, also examining body condition indices and how these varied seasonally. Multiple imputation increased the number of hippos that we aged threefold, and the body lengths we obtained fell within the range provided in literature, supporting their validity. We provide one of the first age structure breakdowns of a hippo population not from culled hippos. Accounting for overall size, males had wider necks and snouts than females. Hippo body condition varied seasonally, indicating responses to resources and reproduction. We provide a new technique and demonstrate the utility of drones to determine age and sex structures of hippo populations.

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Fernandez, Eduardo J., Martin Ramirez, and Nancy C. Hawkes. "Activity and Pool Use in Relation to Temperature and Water Changes in Zoo Hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibious)." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061022.

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In the wild, hippopotamuses spend much of their daily activity in the water. In zoos, it is less clear the extent to which hippos spend time in the water. We examined how much time Woodland Park Zoo’s three hippos spent in their outdoor pool, based on: (a) temperature of the pool water, and (b) when the pool water was changed (approximately three times a week). Several digital temperature data loggers collected water and air temperature readings once every hour for six months. We correlated the water temperature readings with several behaviors the hippos could engage in, where the hippos were on exhibit (pool vs. land), and how many days it had been since a dump (0, 1, or 2 days). The results indicated that water changes had little effect on pool usage, while increasing water temperatures resulted in both increased activity and pool use. The results are discussed in terms of how these findings relate to wild hippo activity, current knowledge of zoo-housed hippo welfare, and future directions for zoo-housed hippo welfare and research.

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Avedik, Annika, and Marcus Clauss. "Chewing, dentition and tooth wear in Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus amphibius and Choeropsis liberiensis)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 4, 2023): e0291825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291825.

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Among mammals, hippopotamids (‘hippos’) have been described as the species with the lowest chewing efficacy despite elaborate enamel folds on the occlusal surface or their cheek teeth, which was hypothesized to result from the lack of a grinding chewing motion. We investigated the chewing and dentition of the two extant hippo species, the common hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the pygmy hippo (Choeropsis liberiensis), making (video) observations of live animals and gathering data on museum specimens (n = 86 H. amphibius and 26 C. liberiensis skulls). Hippos have a low degree of anisodonty (differences in width between maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth) and anisognathy (difference in width between the upper and the lower jaw), corresponding to a mainly orthal (up-and-down) chewing motion. The two hippo species differ slightly, but distinctively, in their anterior dental morphology and chewing mode. In both species, the canines do not completely prevent a lateral jaw movement but would, in theory, permit this movement until the mandibular canines get into contact with the maxillary protruding snout. This movement is only realized, to a small extent, in pygmy hippos, leaving distinct wear traces on their incisors and creating relatively wider wear facets on the maxillary canines. In common hippos, the interlocking upper and lower incisors prevent lateral jaw movement. Corresponding contact wear facets are evident on the medial aspect of the upper, and on the lateral aspect of the lower incisors–unless museal reconstructions mispositioned these teeth. If these facets are interpreted as an indication for a relic of a lateral jaw movement that was probably more prominent in hippo ancestors, i.e. if we assume that hippos evolved orthal chewing secondarily, several other characteristics of hippos can be explained, such as a low degree of hypsodonty (in the absence of distinct attrition due to a grinding chewing movement), a secondary loss of complexity in their enamel schmelzmuster, a secondary evolution of a wide mouth gape, a reduction in anisodonty compared to their ancestors, and the evolution of a bilaterally symmetrical (‘trifoliate’) enamel folding pattern on the molar occlusal surface from an ancestral bunoselenodont condition. As an underlying driving force, selection for intraspecific combat with canines and incisors, necessitating a wide gape and a rigid jaw, has been suggested.

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Zhu, Yicheng. "Fresh Hippo's New Retail Strategy to Become the Most Profitable Chinese Supermarket." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 9, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/9/20230404.

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Fresh Hippo has become one of the most popular supermarkets in China since 2016, and its revenue per square meter, an indicator of retail efficiency, is the largest among Chinese supermarkets [1]. This research is to analyze and explain its success through frameworks, theories, and reasonings. The research question is how Fresh Hippo redefines the concept of retail and becomes the most profitable supermarket in China. The main content of this research is to describe and explore Fresh Hippos strategy and to answer two related questions.. The first is how the company improves its operating efficiency to fit the definition of new retail. The second is how Fresh Hippo reinvent the retail business model. The topic of this research is about new retail strategy of Fresh Hippo. The research methodology is literature research method, in which the researcher applies several frameworks that can explain the new retail strategy of Fresh Hippo. The purpose of this research is to provide a guidance for other Chinese retailers, showing how the innovation is applied and produced. The research conclusion is that Fresh Hippo improves its efficiency by increasing the revenue per square meter through online and offline sales, and the business model changes to Eat-Convert-Deliver. The new business model allows the company to serve customers within 3 kilometres without coming to the store, largely increasing the average order value and the shopping frequency at the same time [1].

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Shin, Ahnjae, Joo Seong Jeong, Do Yoon Kim, Soyoung Jung, and Byung-Gon Chun. "Hippo." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 5 (January 2022): 1038–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3510397.3510402.

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Hyper-parameter optimization is crucial for pushing the accuracy of a deep learning model to its limits. However, a hyper-parameter optimization job, referred to as a study, involves numerous trials of training a model using different training knobs, and therefore is very computation-heavy, typically taking hours and days to finish. We observe that trials issued from hyper-parameter optimization algorithms often share common hyper-parameter sequence prefixes. Based on this observation, we propose Hippo, a hyper-parameter optimization system that reuses computation across trials to reduce the overall amount of computation significantly. Instead of treating each trial independently as in existing hyper-parameter optimization systems, Hippo breaks down the hyper-parameter sequences into stages and merges common stages to form a tree of stages (a stage tree). Hippo maintains an internal data structure, search plan, to manage the current status and history of a study, and employs a critical path based scheduler to minimize the overall study completion time. Hippo applies to not only single studies but multi-study scenarios as well. Evaluations show that Hippo's stage-based execution strategy outperforms trial-based methods for several models and hyper-parameter optimization algorithms, reducing end-to-end training time by up to 2.76X (3.53x) and GPU-hours by up to 4.81X (6.77x), for single (multiple) studies.

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Yin, Zhigang, Mohan Liyanage, Abdul-Rasheed Ottun, Souvik Paul, Agustin Zuniga, Petteri Nurmi, and Huber Flores. "HIPPO." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3570344.

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Hand-grip strength is widely used to estimate muscle strength and it serves as a general indicator of the overall health of a person, particularly in aging adults. Hand-grip strength is typically estimated using dynamometers or specialized force resistant pressure sensors embedded onto objects. Both of these solutions require the user to interact with a dedicated measurement device which unnecessarily restricts the contexts where estimates are acquired. We contribute HIPPO, a novel non-intrusive and opportunistic method for estimating hand-grip strength from everyday interactions with objects. HIPPO re-purposes light sensors available in wearables (e.g., rings or gloves) to capture changes in light reflectivity when people interact with objects. This allows HIPPO to non-intrusively piggyback everyday interactions for health information without affecting the user's everyday routines. We present two prototypes integrating HIPPO, an early smart glove proof-of-concept, and a further optimized solution that uses sensors integrated onto a ring. We validate HIPPO through extensive experiments and compare HIPPO against three baselines, including a clinical dynamometer. Our results show that HIPPO operates robustly across a wide range of everyday objects, and participants. The force strength estimates correlate with estimates produced by pressure-based devices, and can also determine the correct hand grip strength category with up to 86% accuracy. Our findings also suggest that users prefer our approach to existing solutions as HIPPO blends the estimation with everyday interactions.

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9

Youngman, Angela. "Under the hammer; Hippo, hippo hurray!" Fundraising for Schools 2009, no. 103 (July 2009): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/fund.2009.1.103.43107.

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10

Baker, Lynne R., Ibrahim A. Radda, Vastinah N. Teneke, Edward Kadala, Rodney X. Sturdivant, and Gwaha A. Madwatte. "Factors Influencing Acceptance of Hippopotamus at a Large Reservoir in Nigeria." Conservation 2, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 662–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation2040043.

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In a world increasingly affected by human presence and activities, achieving human–wildlife coexistence has become the goal of many wildlife conservation programs. Coexistence requires an understanding of factors that contribute to human tolerance and acceptance of problematic wildlife. In four communities in Nigeria, we used structured and semi-structured interviews to explore local people’s acceptance of the river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) at a large reservoir with high human impact and where other conspicuous, damage-causing species are absent. We collected data two years apart to evaluate whether acceptance changed over time. Acceptance was low among respondents (21%). Logistic-regression results showed that attitudes, beliefs related to benefits and risks, behaviors toward hippos, study period, and income source significantly influenced acceptance of hippos. Results from Woolf tests showed that hippo-caused human fatalities most notably modified the observed decline in acceptance between study years. The potential significant impact of rare, yet severe events (in this case, human fatalities) on acceptance of wildlife and thus human–wildlife coexistence was supported in this study, one of few focused on hippo-human relations. For conservation and development interventions to be effective at this site, they should, at a minimum, improve human safety around hippos, emphasize current and potential benefits of hippos, create avenues for off-farm income, and reduce crop losses owing to hippos.

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11

Hergovich, Alexander. "Mammalian Hippo signalling: a kinase network regulated by protein–protein interactions." Biochemical Society Transactions 40, no. 1 (January 19, 2012): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20110619.

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The Hippo signal transduction cascade controls cell growth, proliferation and death, all of which are frequently deregulated in tumour cells. Since initial studies in Drosophila melanogaster were instrumental in defining Hippo signalling, the machinery was named after the central Ste20-like kinase Hippo. Moreover, given that loss of Hippo signalling components Hippo, Warts, and Mats resulted in uncontrolled tissue overgrowth, Hippo signalling was defined as a tumour-suppressor cascade. Significantly, all of the core factors of Hippo signalling have mammalian orthologues that functionally compensate for loss of their counterparts in Drosophila. Furthermore, studies in Drosophila and mammalian cell systems showed that Hippo signalling represents a kinase cascade that is tightly regulated by PPIs (protein–protein interactions). Several Hippo signalling molecules contain SARAH (Salvador/RASSF1A/Hippo) domains that mediate specific PPIs, thereby influencing the activities of MST1/2 (mammalian Ste20-like serine/threonine kinase 1/2) kinases, the human Hippo orthologues. Moreover, WW domains are present in several Hippo factors, and these domains also serve as interaction surfaces for regulatory PPIs in Hippo signalling. Finally, the kinase activities of LATS1/2 (large tumour-suppressor kinase 1/2), the human counterparts of Warts, are controlled by binding to hMOB1 (human Mps one binder protein 1), the human Mats. Therefore Hippo signalling is regulated by PPIs on several levels. In the present paper, I review the current understanding of how these regulatory PPIs are regulated and contribute to the functionality of Hippo signalling.

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Papatriantafyllou, Maria. "Hippo cues." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 13, no. 10 (August 22, 2012): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3430.

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Morin, Florentin Félix. "EGO HIPPO." Angelaki 22, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969725x.2017.1322822.

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Foley, J. F. "Inhibiting Hippo." Science Signaling 6, no. 257 (January 8, 2013): ec6-ec6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003940.

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VanHook, A. M. "Opposing Hippo." Science Signaling 6, no. 267 (March 19, 2013): ec67-ec67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2004151.

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Decher, Jan. "Pygmy hippo." Journal of Mammalogy 99, no. 2 (February 9, 2018): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy010.

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Wang, Shu-Ping, and Lan-Hsin Wang. "Disease implication of hyper-Hippo signalling." Open Biology 6, no. 10 (October 2016): 160119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160119.

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The Hippo signalling pathway regulates cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, thus exerting profound effects on cellular homeostasis. Inhibition of Hippo signalling has been frequently implicated in human cancers, indicating a well-known tumour suppressor function of the Hippo pathway. However, it is less certain whether and how hyperactivation of the Hippo pathway affects biological outcome in living cells. This review describes current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of the Hippo pathway, mainly focusing on hyperactivation of the Hippo signalling nexus. The disease implications of hyperactivated Hippo signalling have also been discussed, including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, Sveinsson's chorioretinal atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetes. By highlighting the significance of disease-relevant Hippo signalling activation, this review can offer exciting prospects to address the onset and potential reversal of Hippo-related disorders.

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Jagannathan, Radhika, Gregory V. Schimizzi, Kun Zhang, Andrew J. Loza, Norikazu Yabuta, Hitoshi Nojima, and Gregory D. Longmore. "AJUBA LIM Proteins Limit Hippo Activity in Proliferating Cells by Sequestering the Hippo Core Kinase Complex in the Cytosol." Molecular and Cellular Biology 36, no. 20 (July 25, 2016): 2526–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00136-16.

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The Hippo pathway controls organ growth and is implicated in cancer development. Whether and how Hippo pathway activity is limited to sustain or initiate cell growth when needed is not understood. The members of the AJUBA family of LIM proteins are negative regulators of the Hippo pathway. In mammalian epithelial cells, we found that AJUBA LIM proteins limit Hippo regulation of YAP, in proliferating cells only, by sequestering a cytosolic Hippo kinase complex in which LATS kinase is inhibited. At the plasma membranes of growth-arrested cells, AJUBA LIM proteins do not inhibit or associate with the Hippo kinase complex. The ability of AJUBA LIM proteins to inhibit YAP regulation by Hippo and to associate with the kinase complex directly correlate with their capacity to limit Hippo signaling duringDrosophilawing development. AJUBA LIM proteins did not influence YAP activity in response to cell-extrinsic or cell-intrinsic mechanical signals. Thus, AJUBA LIM proteins limit Hippo pathway activity in contexts where cell proliferation is needed.

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Yang, Linwei, Zi-Ang Wang, Ran Geng, Shengwen Niu, Hongliang Zuo, Zhixun Guo, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He, and Xiaopeng Xu. "The Hippo–Yki Signaling Pathway Positively Regulates Immune Response against Vibrio Infection in Shrimp." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 11897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911897.

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In the Hippo pathway, activation of Hippo and Warts (Wts) kinases results in the phosphorylation of Yorkie (Yki), to prevent its nuclear translocation. Shrimp aquaculture is threatened by Vibrio genus bacteria. In this study, we examine the role of the Hippo pathway in immune defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. We show that V. parahaemolyticus infection promotes the expression of Yki and facilitates the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Yki, indicating the inhibition of Hippo signaling upon bacterial infection. There is a complex regulatory relationship between the Hippo pathway components Hippo, Wts, and Yki and the immune-related transcription factors Dorsal, Relish, and STAT. Silencing of Hippo and Wts weakened hemocyte phagocytosis, while the silencing of Yki enhanced it, suggesting a positive regulation of shrimp cellular immunity by Hippo signaling activation. In vivo silencing of Hippo and Wts decreased the survival rates of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp and elevated the bacterial content in tissues, while the silencing of Yki showed the opposite results. This suggests that the activation of Hippo signaling and the inhibition of Yki enhance antibacterial immunity in shrimp.

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Pojer, Jonathan M., Abdul Jabbar Saiful Hilmi, Shu Kondo, and Kieran F. Harvey. "Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton regulate R8 cell fate in the Drosophila eye." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): e1009146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009146.

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The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ growth and cell fate. In the R8 photoreceptor cells of the Drosophila melanogaster eye, the Hippo pathway controls the fate choice between one of two subtypes that express either the blue light-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Hippo inactive R8 subtype) or the green light-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Hippo active R8 subtype). The degree to which the mechanism of Hippo signal transduction and the proteins that mediate it are conserved in organ growth and R8 cell fate choice is currently unclear. Here, we identify Crumbs and the apical spectrin cytoskeleton as regulators of R8 cell fate. By contrast, other proteins that influence Hippo-dependent organ growth, such as the basolateral spectrin cytoskeleton and Ajuba, are dispensable for the R8 cell fate choice. Surprisingly, Crumbs promotes the Rhodopsin 5 cell fate, which is driven by Yorkie, rather than the Rhodopsin 6 cell fate, which is driven by Warts and the Hippo pathway, which contrasts with its impact on Hippo activity in organ growth. Furthermore, neither the apical spectrin cytoskeleton nor Crumbs appear to regulate the Hippo pathway through mechanisms that have been observed in growing organs. Together, these results show that only a subset of Hippo pathway proteins regulate the R8 binary cell fate decision and that aspects of Hippo signalling differ between growing organs and post-mitotic R8 cells.

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Sarmasti Emami, Sahar, Derek Zhang, and Xiaolong Yang. "Interaction of the Hippo Pathway and Phosphatases in Tumorigenesis." Cancers 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 2438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092438.

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The Hippo pathway is an emerging tumor suppressor signaling pathway involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Dysregulation of different components of the Hippo signaling pathway is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Therefore, identification of the Hippo pathway regulators and the underlying mechanism of its regulation may be useful to uncover new therapeutics for cancer therapy. The Hippo signaling pathway includes a set of kinases that phosphorylate different proteins in order to phosphorylate and inactivate its main downstream effectors, YAP and TAZ. Thus, modulating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the Hippo components by kinases and phosphatases play critical roles in the regulation of the signaling pathway. While information regarding kinase regulation of the Hippo pathway is abundant, the role of phosphatases in regulating this pathway is just beginning to be understood. In this review, we summarize the most recent reports on the interaction of phosphatases and the Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis. We have also introduced challenges in clarifying the role of phosphatases in the Hippo pathway and future direction of crosstalk between phosphatases and the Hippo pathway.

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Kuracha, Murali R., Uppala Radhakrishna, Sreenaga V. Kuracha, Navyasri Vegi, Jhyama Gurung, and Benita L. McVicker. "New Horizons in Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Hippo Signaling Pathway." Biomedicines 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2024): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112552.

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The Hippo pathway is highly evolved to maintain tissue homeostasis in diverse species by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In tumor biology, the Hippo pathway is a prime example of signaling molecules involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Hippo core elements LATS1, LATS2, MST1, YAP, and TAZ have critical roles in the maintenance of traditional tissue architecture and cell homeostasis. However, in cancer development, dysregulation of Hippo signaling results in tumor progression and the formation secondary cancers. Hippo components not only transmit biochemical signals but also act as mediators of mechanotransduction pathways during malignant neoplasm development and metastatic disease. This review confers knowledge of Hippo pathway core components and their role in cancer progression and metastasis and highlights the clinical role of Hippo pathway in cancer treatment. The Hippo signaling pathway and its unresolved mechanisms hold great promise as potential therapeutic targets in the emerging field of metastatic cancer research.

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Taha, Zaid, Helena Janse van Rensburg, and Xiaolong Yang. "The Hippo Pathway: Immunity and Cancer." Cancers 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10040094.

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Since its discovery, the Hippo pathway has emerged as a central signaling network in mammalian cells. Canonical signaling through the Hippo pathway core components (MST1/2, LATS1/2, YAP and TAZ) is important for development and tissue homeostasis while aberrant signaling through the Hippo pathway has been implicated in multiple pathologies, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered new roles for the Hippo pathway in immunology. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which Hippo signaling in pathogen-infected or neoplastic cells affects the activities of immune cells that respond to these threats. We further discuss how Hippo signaling functions as part of an immune response. Finally, we review how immune cell-intrinsic Hippo signaling modulates the development/function of leukocytes and propose directions for future work.

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Kyriazoglou, Anastasios, Roubini Zakopoulou, Flora Zagouri, Aristotelis Bamias, and Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos. "Clinical and biological implications of Hippo pathway dysregulation in sarcomas." Forum of Clinical Oncology 9, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fco-2018-0002.

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Abstract Sarcomas are mesenchymal malignant tumors with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Hippo pathway is a recently discovered pathway normally involved in organ development and wound healing. Hippo signaling is often altered in solid tumors. The molecular elements of Hippo signaling include MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases which phosphorylate and regulate the activity of YAP and TAZ co-transcriptional activators. Hippo pathway cross-talks with several molecular pathways with known oncogenic function. In sarcomas Hippo signaling plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, evolution and resistance in chemotherapy regimens. Targeting Hippo pathway could potentially improve prognosis and outcome of sarcoma patients.

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Lim, Yvonne Xinyi, Hexian Lin, Sock Hong Seah, and Yoon Pin Lim. "Reciprocal Regulation of Hippo and WBP2 Signalling—Implications in Cancer Therapy." Cells 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113130.

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Cancer is a global health problem. The delineation of molecular mechanisms pertinent to cancer initiation and development has spurred cancer therapy in the form of precision medicine. The Hippo signalling pathway is a tumour suppressor pathway implicated in a multitude of cancers. Elucidation of the Hippo pathway has revealed an increasing number of regulators that are implicated, some being potential therapeutic targets for cancer interventions. WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) is an oncogenic transcriptional co-factor that interacts, amongst others, with two other transcriptional co-activators, YAP and TAZ, in the Hippo pathway. WBP2 was recently discovered to modulate the upstream Hippo signalling components by associating with LATS2 and WWC3. Exacerbating the complexity of the WBP2/Hippo network, WBP2 itself is reciprocally regulated by Hippo-mediated microRNA biogenesis, contributing to a positive feedback loop that further drives carcinogenesis. Here, we summarise the biological mechanisms of WBP2/Hippo reciprocal regulation and propose therapeutic strategies to overcome Hippo defects in cancers through targeting WBP2.

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Weng, Rui-Yu, Lei Zhang, and Ji-Long Liu. "Connecting Hippo Pathway and Cytoophidia in Drosophila Posterior Follicle Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3 (January 25, 2024): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031453.

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CTP synthase (CTPS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of CTP, assembles into a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium. The Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. The relationship of the nucleotide metabolism with the Hippo pathway is little known. Here, we study the impact of the Hippo pathway on the cytoophidium in Drosophila melanogaster posterior follicle cells (PFCs). We find that the inactivation of the Hippo pathway correlates with reduced cytoophidium length and number within PFCs. During the overexpression of CTPS, the presence of Hippo mutations also reduces the length of cytoophidia in PFCs. In addition, we observe that knocking down CTPS mitigates hpo (Hippo)-associated over-proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that there is a connection between the Hippo pathway and the nucleotide biosynthesis enzyme CTPS in PFCs.

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Wojtusik, J., I. M. C. Brandicourt, W. Rice, and T. L. Roth. "100 Reproductive cycle and pregnancy monitoring in the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) through salivary steroid analyses and transabdominal ultrasonography." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab100.

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The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN due to a significant decrease in population size, caused by habitat loss and poaching. Ex situ populations can help ensure against species loss, but careful reproductive management is essential to maintain sustainable populations. Hormone monitoring allows for characterisation of the reproductive cycle and gestation, offering insight into timing of receptivity and conception and facilitating pregnancy diagnosis and estimation of parturition date. Fecal steroid analysis has been validated for measuring progestogens in hippos. However, hippos are often housed in groups and frequently defecate in the water, making sample collection and source identification difficult. Salivary steroid analysis has been employed for monitoring reproductive activity in several species, but has not been tested in hippos. Additionally, transabdominal ultrasonography has proven valuable in diagnosing and monitoring pregnancy in many large mammals, but efficacy in the common hippo is unknown. The goals of this project were to (1) validate the use of an enzyme immunoassay to monitor progestogens in hippo saliva, (2) confirm that salivary progestogen profiles accurately reflect reproductive activity, (3) determine if transabdominal ultrasonography can be used to diagnose pregnancy, and, if so, (4) monitor and characterise fetal development via weekly examinations. Saliva (4-7 per week) and fecal (2-7 per week) samples were collected from 7 adult female hippos housed at 3 USA facilities over 3-7 months. Saliva and fecal samples were extracted in ethanol and extracts diluted (1:2 to 1:10 and 1:25 to 1:500, respectively) before evaluation by enzyme immunoassay (Progesterone mini-kit; Arbor Assays). Parallelism was confirmed between serially diluted fecal (r2=0.993) and saliva (r2=0.990) samples and the standard curve. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were maintained at <10%. Comparison of fecal and saliva progestogen concentrations revealed a strong correlation between the 2 sample types (r2=0.848) and suggested that saliva offers a comparable alternative. Both fecal and saliva extracts exhibited elevated progestogens during luteal phases and gestation. One nulliparous female housed at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden (Cincinnati, OH, USA) was trained for voluntary transabdominal ultrasound exams. An Ibex Pro portable ultrasound machine (E.I. Medical Imaging, Loveland, CO, USA) with curvilinear probe (5-2.5MHz) was used at a scanning depth of 17.8 and 23.4cm. Intrauterine fluid and possible fetal tissue were observed 79 days following the last confirmed mating. Spine, rib cage, and beating heart were clearly visible at ~156 days of gestation. Ultrasound procedures were continued until the premature birth of a calf at ~181 days (normal hippo gestation ~231 days). Salivary progestogen monitoring and transabdominal ultrasonography appear suitable for tracking reproductive activity and diagnosing and monitoring pregnancy in the common hippo.

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Park, Jiwon, and Carsten Gram Hansen. "Cellular feedback dynamics and multilevel regulation driven by the hippo pathway." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 4 (August 10, 2021): 1515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200253.

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The Hippo pathway is a dynamic cellular signalling nexus that regulates differentiation and controls cell proliferation and death. If the Hippo pathway is not precisely regulated, the functionality of the upstream kinase module is impaired, which increases nuclear localisation and activity of the central effectors, the transcriptional co-regulators YAP and TAZ. Pathological YAP and TAZ hyperactivity consequently cause cancer, fibrosis and developmental defects. The Hippo pathway controls an array of fundamental cellular processes, including adhesion, migration, mitosis, polarity and secretion of a range of biologically active components. Recent studies highlight that spatio-temporal regulation of Hippo pathway components are central to precisely controlling its context-dependent dynamic activity. Several levels of feedback are integrated into the Hippo pathway, which is further synergized with interactors outside of the pathway that directly regulate specific Hippo pathway components. Likewise, Hippo core kinases also ‘moonlight’ by phosphorylating multiple substrates beyond the Hippo pathway and thereby integrates further flexibility and robustness in the cellular decision-making process. This topic is still in its infancy but promises to reveal new fundamental insights into the cellular regulation of this therapeutically important pathway. We here highlight recent advances emphasising feedback dynamics and multilevel regulation of the Hippo pathway with a focus on mitosis and cell migration, as well as discuss potential productive future research avenues that might reveal novel insights into the overall dynamics of the pathway.

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29

Fitzgerald, Allan D. "Augustinus von Hippo." Augustinian Studies 31, no. 2 (2000): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies200031220.

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30

Drobner, Hubertus R. "Christmas in Hippo." Augustinian Studies 35, no. 1 (2004): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies20043513.

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Martin, Thomas F. "Augustine of Hippo." Augustinian Studies 38, no. 1 (2007): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies200738120.

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Martin, Thomas F. "Augustine of Hippo." Augustinian Studies 38, no. 2 (2007): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies200738234.

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Cameron, Michael. "Valerius of Hippo." Augustinian Studies 40, no. 1 (2009): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies20094012.

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Blackburn, Lee. "Augustine of Hippo." Augustinian Studies 40, no. 2 (2009): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies200940234.

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Blackburn, Lee. "Augustine of Hippo." Augustinian Studies 41, no. 2 (2010): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augstudies201041229.

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COLLINS, Raymond F. "Augustine of Hippo." Louvain Studies 12, no. 2 (July 1, 1987): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ls.12.2.2013979.

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Pottol, Harry. "Common Hippo Sense." Science News 166, no. 6 (August 7, 2004): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4015579.

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Ostriker, Allison C., and Kathleen A. Martin. "Hippo and Hyperplasia." Circulation Research 124, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.119.314968.

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39

Rothenberg, Michael E., and Yuh-Nung Jan. "The hippo hypothesis." Nature 425, no. 6957 (October 2003): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/425469a.

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40

Harvey, K. F., and I. K. Hariharan. "The Hippo Pathway." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 4, no. 8 (June 28, 2012): a011288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a011288.

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Bernard, Nicholas J. "Crosstalking with Hippo." Nature Reviews Rheumatology 15, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41584-018-0146-x.

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Ray, L. B. "Dissecting Hippo Interactions." Science Signaling 6, no. 301 (November 12, 2013): ec274-ec274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2004893.

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VanHook, A. M. "Hippo Checks Regeneration." Science Signaling 3, no. 147 (November 9, 2010): ec342-ec342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.3147ec342.

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VanHook, A. M. "Hipk Antagonizes Hippo." Science Signaling 5, no. 242 (September 18, 2012): ec245-ec245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003613.

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Wong, W. "Hippo Backs PTEN." Science Signaling 5, no. 254 (December 11, 2012): ec318-ec318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003857.

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Twigg-Porter, George. "“Hippo” or “Hypo”." Linacre Quarterly 59, no. 4 (November 1992): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00243639.1992.11878183.

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Kim, Eunah, Jeong Gu Kang, Eek-hoon Jho, Won Ho Yang, and Jin Won Cho. "O-GlcNAcylation: An Emerging Protein Modification Regulating the Hippo Pathway." Cancers 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14123013.

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The balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis and the regulation of cell differentiation must be established to maintain tissue homeostasis. These cellular responses involve the kinase cascade-mediated Hippo pathway as a crucial regulator. Hence, Hippo pathway dysregulation is implicated in diverse diseases, including cancer. O-GlcNAcylation is a non-canonical glycosylation that affects multiple signaling pathways through its interplay with phosphorylation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. An abnormal increase in the O-GlcNAcylation levels in various cancer cells is a potent factor in Hippo pathway dysregulation. Intriguingly, Hippo pathway dysregulation also disrupts O-GlcNAc homeostasis, leading to a persistent elevation of O-GlcNAcylation levels, which is potentially pathogenic in several diseases. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation is gaining attention as a protein modification that regulates the Hippo pathway. This review presents a framework on how O-GlcNAcylation regulates the Hippo pathway and forms a self-perpetuating cycle with it. The pathological significance of this self-perpetuating cycle and clinical strategies for targeting O-GlcNAcylation that causes Hippo pathway dysregulation are also discussed.

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Liu, Xiaoli, Yifei Wang, Bonan Chen, Wai Nok Chan, Chun Wai Mui, Alvin H. K. Cheung, Jinglin Zhang, et al. "Targeting the Hippo Pathway in Gastric Cancer and Other Malignancies in the Digestive System: From Bench to Bedside." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102512.

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The Hippo pathway is an evolutionally conserved signaling cascade that controls organ size and tissue regeneration under physiological conditions, and its aberrations have been well studied to promote tumor initiation and progression. Dysregulation of the Hippo tumor suppressor signaling frequently occurs in gastric cancer (GC) and other solid tumors and contributes to cancer development through modulating multiple aspects, including cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and oncotherapy resistance. In the clinic, Hippo components also possess diagnostic and prognostic values for cancer patients. Considering its crucial role in driving tumorigenesis, targeting the Hippo pathway may greatly benefit developing novel cancer therapies. This review summarizes the current research progress regarding the core components and regulation of the Hippo pathway, as well as the mechanism and functional roles of their dysregulation in gastrointestinal malignancies, especially in GC, and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting the Hippo pathway against cancers.

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Ma, Xianjue, Hongxiang Wang, Jiansong Ji, Wenyan Xu, Yihao Sun, Wenzhe Li, Xiaoping Zhang, Juxiang Chen, and Lei Xue. "Hippo signaling promotes JNK-dependent cell migration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (February 7, 2017): 1934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621359114.

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Overwhelming studies show that dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is positively correlated with cell proliferation, growth, and tumorigenesis. Paradoxically, the detailed molecular roles of the Hippo pathway in cell invasion remain debatable. Using aDrosophilainvasion model in wing epithelium, we show herein that activated Hippo signaling promotes cell invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through JNK, as inhibition of JNK signaling dramatically blocked Hippo pathway activation-induced matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression and cell invasion. Furthermore, we identifybantam-Rox8 modules as essential components downstream of Yorkie in mediating JNK-dependent cell invasion. Finally, we confirm that YAP (Yes-associated protein) expression negatively regulates TIA1 (Rox8 ortholog) expression and cell invasion in human cancer cells. Together, these findings provide molecular insights into Hippo pathway-mediated cell invasion and also raise a noteworthy concern in therapeutic interventions of Hippo-related cancers, as simply inhibiting Yorkie or YAP activity might paradoxically accelerate cell invasion and metastasis.

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Liu, Qiuping, Xiaomeng Liu, and Guanbin Song. "The Hippo Pathway: A Master Regulatory Network Important in Cancer." Cells 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061416.

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The Hippo pathway is pervasively activated and has been well recognized to play critical roles in human cancer. The deregulation of Hippo signaling involved in cancer development, progression, and resistance to cancer treatment have been confirmed in several human cancers. Its biological significance and deregulation in cancer have drawn increasing interest in the past few years. A fundamental understanding of the complexity of the Hippo pathway in cancer is crucial for improving future clinical interventions and therapy for cancers. In this review, we try to clarify the complex regulation and function of the Hippo signaling network in cancer development, including its role in signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and tumor development, as well as tumor therapies targeting the Hippo pathway.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hippo'

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