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Academic literature on the topic 'Hippocampe (Cerveau) – Lésions et blessures'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hippocampe (Cerveau) – Lésions et blessures"
Thibaudeau, Geneviève. "Conditionnements appétitifs différé et de trace de la réponse de lapement chez le rat après une lésion excitotoxique de l'hippocampe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43591.
Full textSeveral studies that used aversive conditioning indicated that the hippocampus is not essential for the acquisition of the conditioned response in the delay paradigm whereas in the trace paradigm, hippocampal lesions impair the acquisition. Experiments with appetitive delay conditioning corroborate findings from aversive delay conditioning. No study has examined appetitive trace conditioning in hippocampectomized rats. Further investigations on the role ofthe hippocampus in appetitive and aversive conditioning are then needed which is the issue addressed in this master thesis. Two experiments examined appetitive delay and trace conditioning of the licking response in normal rats and in rats with NMDA lesions of the hippocampus or sham-operated rats. Acquisition in lesioned rats did not differ from that ofcontrol rats either on delay or on trace conditioning. These results differ from those in aversivetrace conditioning and suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying appetitive and aversive trace conditioning might be different.
Marquis, Jean-Philippe. "Effets d'une lésion néonatale de l'hippocampe ventral sur les fonctions cognitives du cortex préfrontal et de l'hippocampe chez le rat : un modèle neurodéveloppemental de la schizophrénie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25453/25453.pdf.
Full textPotvin, Olivier. "Fonctions de l'hippocampe et du subiculum dans la mémoire spatiale chez le rat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25953/25953.pdf.
Full textThibaudeau, Geneviève. "Fonctions de l'hippocampe dans le conditionnement de trace appétitif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27383/27383.pdf.
Full textGagné, Mathieu, and Mathieu Gagné. "Validation statistique de mesures de gravité des traumatismes craniocérébraux basées sur la classification internationale des maladies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28113.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2016-2017.
La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) est le principal système de classification utilisé pour les activités de surveillance des blessures, mais ne contient pas d’information directe sur la gravité des blessures. Des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM peuvent être dérivées empiriquement ou appariées, mais aucune approche n’a été formellement recommandée, notamment pour les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Deux études ont été menées afin de combler cette lacune. L’objectif de la première étude consistait à examiner de manière systématique les résultats des études qui ont évalué les performances des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les blessés hospitalisés. Cet examen systématique suggère que les mesures de gravité des blessures dérivées empiriquement des codes CIM procurent des capacités de discrimination supérieures à celle des autres candidats examinés. L’ICISS-Multiplicative et le TMPM-ICD offrent une capacité de discrimination plus élevée que les autres mesures considérées. L’objectif de la seconde étude était de comparer la validité prédictive des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que les mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM affichent une validité acceptable pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC. De manière générale, l’ICISS-Multiplicative a surclassé les autres candidats pour prédire la mortalité à l’hôpital et les admissions en unité de soins intensifs. Sur la base des résultats de ces deux études, nous recommandons que l’ICISS-Multiplicative soit utilisé pour calculer la gravité des TCC dans les bases de données médico-administratives dans lesquelles les diagnostics sont codifiés à l’aide de la CIM.
La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) est le principal système de classification utilisé pour les activités de surveillance des blessures, mais ne contient pas d’information directe sur la gravité des blessures. Des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM peuvent être dérivées empiriquement ou appariées, mais aucune approche n’a été formellement recommandée, notamment pour les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Deux études ont été menées afin de combler cette lacune. L’objectif de la première étude consistait à examiner de manière systématique les résultats des études qui ont évalué les performances des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les blessés hospitalisés. Cet examen systématique suggère que les mesures de gravité des blessures dérivées empiriquement des codes CIM procurent des capacités de discrimination supérieures à celle des autres candidats examinés. L’ICISS-Multiplicative et le TMPM-ICD offrent une capacité de discrimination plus élevée que les autres mesures considérées. L’objectif de la seconde étude était de comparer la validité prédictive des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que les mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM affichent une validité acceptable pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC. De manière générale, l’ICISS-Multiplicative a surclassé les autres candidats pour prédire la mortalité à l’hôpital et les admissions en unité de soins intensifs. Sur la base des résultats de ces deux études, nous recommandons que l’ICISS-Multiplicative soit utilisé pour calculer la gravité des TCC dans les bases de données médico-administratives dans lesquelles les diagnostics sont codifiés à l’aide de la CIM.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the main classification system used for the injury surveillance activities, but contains no direct information on the severity of injuries. ICD-based injury severity measures can be derived empirically or mapped to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, but no approach has been formally recommended, in particular for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two studies were conducted to fill this gap. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the results of studies that have evaluated the performance of the ICD-based injury severity measures to predict in-hospital mortality among injury-related patients. The results of this systematic review suggest that injury severity measures empirically derived from ICD codes provided superior discriminative performance than other mapped candidates. ICISS-Multiplicative and TMPM-ICD predict mortality more accurately than other ICD-based measures. The objective of the second study was to compare the accuracy of ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in TBI patients. Our results indicate that all ICD-based injury severity measures showed acceptable discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in TBI patients. ICISS-Multiplicative had generally higher predictive accuracy than alternative ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. Based on the results of these two studies, we recommend that the ICISS-Multiplicative should be used for TBI severity adjustment in large routinely collected administrative data where TBI are coded with ICD.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the main classification system used for the injury surveillance activities, but contains no direct information on the severity of injuries. ICD-based injury severity measures can be derived empirically or mapped to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, but no approach has been formally recommended, in particular for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two studies were conducted to fill this gap. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the results of studies that have evaluated the performance of the ICD-based injury severity measures to predict in-hospital mortality among injury-related patients. The results of this systematic review suggest that injury severity measures empirically derived from ICD codes provided superior discriminative performance than other mapped candidates. ICISS-Multiplicative and TMPM-ICD predict mortality more accurately than other ICD-based measures. The objective of the second study was to compare the accuracy of ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in TBI patients. Our results indicate that all ICD-based injury severity measures showed acceptable discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in TBI patients. ICISS-Multiplicative had generally higher predictive accuracy than alternative ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. Based on the results of these two studies, we recommend that the ICISS-Multiplicative should be used for TBI severity adjustment in large routinely collected administrative data where TBI are coded with ICD.
Boutin, Amélie. "Stratégies transfusionnelles chez les victimes de traumatismes craniocérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31250.
Full textOptimal red blood cell transfusion practices remain unclear for patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries. Considering evidences are lacking and scientific experts have expressed divergent opinions, we conducted a systematic review and two cohort studies to evaluate red blood cell transfusion practices in this population. These three studies had for objective to describe red blood cell transfusions frequency, to evaluate potential determinants and to estimate the association between red blood cell transfusions and clinical outcomes, such as mortality. The systematic review allowed to synthetize knowledge currently available in published studies regarding red blood cell transfusion. We observed a high frequency of transfusion across studies, with 36% (95%CI 28 to 44; 23 studies) being transfused at some point during hospital stay. Reported hemoglobin thresholds varied between 60 and 100 g/L. Few studies evaluated potential determinants. No significant difference in mortality between patients who received transfusion or not was observed. However, lenght of stay were longer following transfusions. Our canadian multicenter cohort study highlighted the variability in transfusionnal practices across the country, with transfusion frequencies varying from16 to 35% (mean 28%, 95%CI 27 to 29%). We identified serious extracerebral traumas and anemia as major determinants of transfusions. We also observed an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes (mortality, complications, lenght of stay) in patients who were transfused compared to those who were not, in adjusted statistical models. Our provincial cohort study, using hospital laboratory and pathology data, allowed to characterize the evolution of hemoglobin levels over intensive care unit stay, as well as transfusion practices. We observed a median pre-transfusional hemoglobin level of 81 g/L (IQR 67 to 100). After adjustment, unfavorable outcomes were significantly more frequent in transfused patients than non transfused. We observed a non significant trend toward higher risk ratios of unfavorable outcomes after transfusions in strata of patients with higher hemoglobin levels in most models.
Hamy, Barbara. "Les lésions encéphaliques aiguës chez les boxeurs : étude médico-légale : à propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEM008.
Full textRuel-Laliberté, Jessica. "L'effet de l'âge des culots globulaires transfusés sur le pronostic neurologique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral ABLE-tbi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67919.
Full textIntroduction: Anemia is frequent in critically ill patients with traumatic brain (TBI), often leading to red blood cells (RBC) transfusions. RBC prolonged storage may cause a decreased ability to carry oxygen. Considering the susceptibility of the brain to hypoxemia, the age of RBC transfused to TBI patients may have an impact on outcomes. Methods: We conducted an a priori planned analysis of the TBI patients enrolled (n=217) in the ABLE study, a large multicenter RCT comparing the use of fresh blood to the use of standard issued blood in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Our primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe); secondary outcomes were ICU, hospital and 6-month mortality. Results: Patient characteristics were comparable between groups. In the fresh group, 73.1% of the patients had an unfavourable neurological outcome (GOSe ≤ 4) as compared to 64.5% in the standard group (P = 0.21). We observed no overall effect of fresh red blood cells on neurologic outcome (OR 1.34 [0.72-2.50]; P = 0.35) but observed differences across prognostic bands with a decreased odds of unfavourable outcome in patients with the best prognosis at baseline (OR 0.33 [0.11-0.96] P = 0.04) but an increased odds in those with intermediate and worst baseline prognosis (OR 5.88 [1.66-20.81]; P = 0.006 and 1.67[0.53-5.30] P = 0.38), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, transfusion of fresh red blood cells was not associated with a better neurological outcome at 6 months. However, we cannot exclude a differential effect according to the patient baseline prognosis.
Lussier, Jacques. "Vitesse de traitement de l'information et évaluation précoce chez les accidentés vasculaires cérébraux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ41954.pdf.
Full textMercier, Éric. "La valeur pronostique de la protéine S-100B et de l'énolase neurone-spécifique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral modéré ou grave : revues systématiques et méta-analyses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26963.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to determine the prognostic value of S-100ß protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) following a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two systematic reviews and meta-analysis were performed to find the studies having evaluated the link between a level of those biomarkers and the mortality or the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Of the 9228 citations, 41 and 26 studies were finally included respectively for S-100ß protein and NSE. We observed a significant association between blood levels of S-100ß protein and NSE and an unfavorable outcome such as the mortality or the GOS ≤ 3. A 100% specificity serum level threshold for mortality was between 1.38 to 10.50 µg/L for the S-100ß protein. The association showed consistent results despite the presence of significant extracranial injuries.
Books on the topic "Hippocampe (Cerveau) – Lésions et blessures"
Colombel, J. Cl. Autour du traumatisé crânien: La commotion cérébrale et ses suites ; (aspects psychopathologiques et électroencéphalographiques). Lyon: Césura Lyon Édition, 1988.
Find full textSiéroff, Éric. La neuropsychologie: Approche cognitive des syndromes cliniques. Paris: Colin, 2004.
Find full textBarat, Michel. Rééducation et réadaptation des traumatisés crâniens. Paris: Masson, 1986.
Find full textKaren, Bellenir, ed. Head trauma sourcebook: Basic information for the layperson about open-head and closed-head injuries, treatment advances, recovery, and rehabilitation, along with reports on current research initiatives. Detroit, MI: Omingraphics, 1997.
Find full textMurdoch, B. E. Acquired speech and language disorders: A neuroanatomical and functional neurological approach. New York, N.Y: Chapman and Hall, 1990.
Find full textAcquired speech and language disorders: A neuroanatomical and functional neurological approach. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Find full textMurdoch, B. E. Acquired speech and language disorders: A neuroanatomical and functional neurological approach. London: Chapman and Hall, 1990.
Find full textPoizner, Howard. What the hands reveal about the brain. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990.
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