Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hippocampe (Cerveau) – Lésions et blessures'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Hippocampe (Cerveau) – Lésions et blessures.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Thibaudeau, Geneviève. "Conditionnements appétitifs différé et de trace de la réponse de lapement chez le rat après une lésion excitotoxique de l'hippocampe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43591.
Full textSeveral studies that used aversive conditioning indicated that the hippocampus is not essential for the acquisition of the conditioned response in the delay paradigm whereas in the trace paradigm, hippocampal lesions impair the acquisition. Experiments with appetitive delay conditioning corroborate findings from aversive delay conditioning. No study has examined appetitive trace conditioning in hippocampectomized rats. Further investigations on the role ofthe hippocampus in appetitive and aversive conditioning are then needed which is the issue addressed in this master thesis. Two experiments examined appetitive delay and trace conditioning of the licking response in normal rats and in rats with NMDA lesions of the hippocampus or sham-operated rats. Acquisition in lesioned rats did not differ from that ofcontrol rats either on delay or on trace conditioning. These results differ from those in aversivetrace conditioning and suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying appetitive and aversive trace conditioning might be different.
Marquis, Jean-Philippe. "Effets d'une lésion néonatale de l'hippocampe ventral sur les fonctions cognitives du cortex préfrontal et de l'hippocampe chez le rat : un modèle neurodéveloppemental de la schizophrénie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25453/25453.pdf.
Full textPotvin, Olivier. "Fonctions de l'hippocampe et du subiculum dans la mémoire spatiale chez le rat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25953/25953.pdf.
Full textThibaudeau, Geneviève. "Fonctions de l'hippocampe dans le conditionnement de trace appétitif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27383/27383.pdf.
Full textGagné, Mathieu, and Mathieu Gagné. "Validation statistique de mesures de gravité des traumatismes craniocérébraux basées sur la classification internationale des maladies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28113.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2016-2017.
La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) est le principal système de classification utilisé pour les activités de surveillance des blessures, mais ne contient pas d’information directe sur la gravité des blessures. Des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM peuvent être dérivées empiriquement ou appariées, mais aucune approche n’a été formellement recommandée, notamment pour les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Deux études ont été menées afin de combler cette lacune. L’objectif de la première étude consistait à examiner de manière systématique les résultats des études qui ont évalué les performances des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les blessés hospitalisés. Cet examen systématique suggère que les mesures de gravité des blessures dérivées empiriquement des codes CIM procurent des capacités de discrimination supérieures à celle des autres candidats examinés. L’ICISS-Multiplicative et le TMPM-ICD offrent une capacité de discrimination plus élevée que les autres mesures considérées. L’objectif de la seconde étude était de comparer la validité prédictive des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que les mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM affichent une validité acceptable pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC. De manière générale, l’ICISS-Multiplicative a surclassé les autres candidats pour prédire la mortalité à l’hôpital et les admissions en unité de soins intensifs. Sur la base des résultats de ces deux études, nous recommandons que l’ICISS-Multiplicative soit utilisé pour calculer la gravité des TCC dans les bases de données médico-administratives dans lesquelles les diagnostics sont codifiés à l’aide de la CIM.
La Classification internationale des maladies (CIM) est le principal système de classification utilisé pour les activités de surveillance des blessures, mais ne contient pas d’information directe sur la gravité des blessures. Des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM peuvent être dérivées empiriquement ou appariées, mais aucune approche n’a été formellement recommandée, notamment pour les traumatismes craniocérébraux (TCC). Deux études ont été menées afin de combler cette lacune. L’objectif de la première étude consistait à examiner de manière systématique les résultats des études qui ont évalué les performances des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière chez les blessés hospitalisés. Cet examen systématique suggère que les mesures de gravité des blessures dérivées empiriquement des codes CIM procurent des capacités de discrimination supérieures à celle des autres candidats examinés. L’ICISS-Multiplicative et le TMPM-ICD offrent une capacité de discrimination plus élevée que les autres mesures considérées. L’objectif de la seconde étude était de comparer la validité prédictive des mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC au Québec. Nos résultats indiquent que les mesures de gravité des blessures basées sur la CIM affichent une validité acceptable pour prédire la mortalité intra-hospitalière et l’admission en unité de soins intensifs chez les patients hospitalisés à la suite d’un TCC. De manière générale, l’ICISS-Multiplicative a surclassé les autres candidats pour prédire la mortalité à l’hôpital et les admissions en unité de soins intensifs. Sur la base des résultats de ces deux études, nous recommandons que l’ICISS-Multiplicative soit utilisé pour calculer la gravité des TCC dans les bases de données médico-administratives dans lesquelles les diagnostics sont codifiés à l’aide de la CIM.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the main classification system used for the injury surveillance activities, but contains no direct information on the severity of injuries. ICD-based injury severity measures can be derived empirically or mapped to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, but no approach has been formally recommended, in particular for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two studies were conducted to fill this gap. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the results of studies that have evaluated the performance of the ICD-based injury severity measures to predict in-hospital mortality among injury-related patients. The results of this systematic review suggest that injury severity measures empirically derived from ICD codes provided superior discriminative performance than other mapped candidates. ICISS-Multiplicative and TMPM-ICD predict mortality more accurately than other ICD-based measures. The objective of the second study was to compare the accuracy of ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in TBI patients. Our results indicate that all ICD-based injury severity measures showed acceptable discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in TBI patients. ICISS-Multiplicative had generally higher predictive accuracy than alternative ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. Based on the results of these two studies, we recommend that the ICISS-Multiplicative should be used for TBI severity adjustment in large routinely collected administrative data where TBI are coded with ICD.
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the main classification system used for the injury surveillance activities, but contains no direct information on the severity of injuries. ICD-based injury severity measures can be derived empirically or mapped to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, but no approach has been formally recommended, in particular for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two studies were conducted to fill this gap. The objective of the first study was to systematically review the results of studies that have evaluated the performance of the ICD-based injury severity measures to predict in-hospital mortality among injury-related patients. The results of this systematic review suggest that injury severity measures empirically derived from ICD codes provided superior discriminative performance than other mapped candidates. ICISS-Multiplicative and TMPM-ICD predict mortality more accurately than other ICD-based measures. The objective of the second study was to compare the accuracy of ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in TBI patients. Our results indicate that all ICD-based injury severity measures showed acceptable discrimination for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in TBI patients. ICISS-Multiplicative had generally higher predictive accuracy than alternative ICD-based injury severity measures for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. Based on the results of these two studies, we recommend that the ICISS-Multiplicative should be used for TBI severity adjustment in large routinely collected administrative data where TBI are coded with ICD.
Boutin, Amélie. "Stratégies transfusionnelles chez les victimes de traumatismes craniocérébraux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31250.
Full textOptimal red blood cell transfusion practices remain unclear for patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries. Considering evidences are lacking and scientific experts have expressed divergent opinions, we conducted a systematic review and two cohort studies to evaluate red blood cell transfusion practices in this population. These three studies had for objective to describe red blood cell transfusions frequency, to evaluate potential determinants and to estimate the association between red blood cell transfusions and clinical outcomes, such as mortality. The systematic review allowed to synthetize knowledge currently available in published studies regarding red blood cell transfusion. We observed a high frequency of transfusion across studies, with 36% (95%CI 28 to 44; 23 studies) being transfused at some point during hospital stay. Reported hemoglobin thresholds varied between 60 and 100 g/L. Few studies evaluated potential determinants. No significant difference in mortality between patients who received transfusion or not was observed. However, lenght of stay were longer following transfusions. Our canadian multicenter cohort study highlighted the variability in transfusionnal practices across the country, with transfusion frequencies varying from16 to 35% (mean 28%, 95%CI 27 to 29%). We identified serious extracerebral traumas and anemia as major determinants of transfusions. We also observed an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes (mortality, complications, lenght of stay) in patients who were transfused compared to those who were not, in adjusted statistical models. Our provincial cohort study, using hospital laboratory and pathology data, allowed to characterize the evolution of hemoglobin levels over intensive care unit stay, as well as transfusion practices. We observed a median pre-transfusional hemoglobin level of 81 g/L (IQR 67 to 100). After adjustment, unfavorable outcomes were significantly more frequent in transfused patients than non transfused. We observed a non significant trend toward higher risk ratios of unfavorable outcomes after transfusions in strata of patients with higher hemoglobin levels in most models.
Hamy, Barbara. "Les lésions encéphaliques aiguës chez les boxeurs : étude médico-légale : à propos d'une observation anatomo-clinique." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEM008.
Full textRuel-Laliberté, Jessica. "L'effet de l'âge des culots globulaires transfusés sur le pronostic neurologique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral ABLE-tbi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67919.
Full textIntroduction: Anemia is frequent in critically ill patients with traumatic brain (TBI), often leading to red blood cells (RBC) transfusions. RBC prolonged storage may cause a decreased ability to carry oxygen. Considering the susceptibility of the brain to hypoxemia, the age of RBC transfused to TBI patients may have an impact on outcomes. Methods: We conducted an a priori planned analysis of the TBI patients enrolled (n=217) in the ABLE study, a large multicenter RCT comparing the use of fresh blood to the use of standard issued blood in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Our primary outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe); secondary outcomes were ICU, hospital and 6-month mortality. Results: Patient characteristics were comparable between groups. In the fresh group, 73.1% of the patients had an unfavourable neurological outcome (GOSe ≤ 4) as compared to 64.5% in the standard group (P = 0.21). We observed no overall effect of fresh red blood cells on neurologic outcome (OR 1.34 [0.72-2.50]; P = 0.35) but observed differences across prognostic bands with a decreased odds of unfavourable outcome in patients with the best prognosis at baseline (OR 0.33 [0.11-0.96] P = 0.04) but an increased odds in those with intermediate and worst baseline prognosis (OR 5.88 [1.66-20.81]; P = 0.006 and 1.67[0.53-5.30] P = 0.38), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, transfusion of fresh red blood cells was not associated with a better neurological outcome at 6 months. However, we cannot exclude a differential effect according to the patient baseline prognosis.
Lussier, Jacques. "Vitesse de traitement de l'information et évaluation précoce chez les accidentés vasculaires cérébraux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ41954.pdf.
Full textMercier, Éric. "La valeur pronostique de la protéine S-100B et de l'énolase neurone-spécifique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral modéré ou grave : revues systématiques et méta-analyses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26963.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to determine the prognostic value of S-100ß protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) following a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Two systematic reviews and meta-analysis were performed to find the studies having evaluated the link between a level of those biomarkers and the mortality or the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Of the 9228 citations, 41 and 26 studies were finally included respectively for S-100ß protein and NSE. We observed a significant association between blood levels of S-100ß protein and NSE and an unfavorable outcome such as the mortality or the GOS ≤ 3. A 100% specificity serum level threshold for mortality was between 1.38 to 10.50 µg/L for the S-100ß protein. The association showed consistent results despite the presence of significant extracranial injuries.
Dupuis, Isabelle. "Atteinte des processus attentionnels et récupération fonctionnelle après lésion cérébrale." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11394.
Full textAssy, Coralie. "L'intensité d'utilisation des ressources pour les hospitalisations suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral : étude de cohorte multicentrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35010.
Full textWithin universal health systems, the lack of information regarding resource utilisation for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) care impedes efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of care in this patient population. To address this knowledge gap, a multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in the province of Quebec. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inter-hospital variation in resource use for TBI admissions, identify patient-level determinants of resource use intensity and evaluate the association between hospital resource use and clinical outcomes for TBI admissions. We included all patients aged 16 and over hospitalized following a TBI in any of 57 the adult trauma centers in Quebec between 2013 and 2016. Overall, the inter-hospital variation in resource use was statically significant. However, when we stratified by activity centers, the operating room and para-clinical services had the highest inter-hospital variations. Inter-hospital variation was greater for patients under 65 years of age and those with severe TBI. Comorbidities, anatomical injury severity, and a transfer to long-term center care following hospital discharge were identified as determinants of high resource use intensity. On a hospital level, high resource use was associated with a low incidence of mortality but a high incidence of complications. This study advances knowledge on resource use in TBI populations. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the factors responsible for inter-hospital variations in resource use including process of care, physician characteristics and trauma center structure.
Marjoux, Daniel. "Mécanismes de lésion de la tête humaine en situation de choc." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MARJOUX_Daniel_2006.pdf.
Full textLoignon, Alexandra, and Alexandra Loignon. "Taux de comorbidité du traumatisme cranio-cérébral et du trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les civils et les militaires : une méta-analyse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37479.
Full textLa fréquence et les facteurs de risque entourant le développement d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) après un traumatisme cranio-cérébral (TCC) sont méconnus. Étant davantage disposés à subir des blessures physiques et à vivre des expériences potentiellement traumatiques, les militaires pourraient être plus à risque de présenter la comorbidité TCC-TSPT. Le présent mémoire vise à documenter la fréquence du TSPT après un TCC, les mécanismes expliquant le développement de cette double condition, ses particularités symptomatologiques ainsi que les conditions la favorisant. Une recension systématique et une méta-analyse ont été réalisées pour déterminer si les adultes ayant subi un TCC présentent plus de risque de développer un TSPT que ceux sans TCC ayant vécu une expérience similaire, et si ce risque est plus élevé chez les militaires comparativement aux civils. Un objectif secondaire vise à déterminer les facteurs augmentant les risques de présenter ce double diagnostic. Les résultats de la méta-analyse de 33 études suggèrent que le risque de TSPT est 2,68 fois plus élevé (27%) après un TCC qu’en l’absence d’une telle blessure (11%). De plus, les militaires avec un TCC présentent 4,18 fois plus de TSPT (37%) que ceux sans TCC, comparativement à 1,26 pour les civils (16%). Le risque de présenter le double diagnostic varie selon la méthodologie des études (objectifs liés au TSPT, groupe de comparaison) et les caractéristiques spécifiques des participants (pays d’origine, sexe, type d’événement traumatique). La présence d’un TCC représente un facteur de risque pour le développement d’un TSPT, et ce, spécialement chez les militaires et les vétérans. La cooccurrence de ces deux troubles complique le portrait des patients, la charge des proches et le travail des cliniciens. Ce double diagnostic requière une collaboration interdisciplinaire étant donné la complexité du portrait des personnes ayant été soumises à un trauma autant physique que psychologique.
The risk of developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that may affect the manifestation of both disorders in a same individual remain to be clarified. Military personnel (including veterans who have been active members) are at higher risk of physical injuries and exposure to potentially traumatic events and could be particularly susceptible to display the TBI-PTSD comorbidity. This dissertation aims to depict the frequency of PTSD after TBI, the mechanisms behind the development of this dual diagnosis, its symptomatic particularities and risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if adults with TBI are at greater risk of developing PTSD than other trauma-exposed populations, and if this risk is even greater in military than in civilian populations. A secondary aim was to determine the factors that increase the probability to experience PTSD after TBI. Results from the 33 studies that were included in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of developing PTSD is 2.68 times greater (27%) after TBI than when there is no such head injury (11%). Moreover, individuals with TBI are 4.18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD than those without TBI when they are in the military (37%), compared with 1.26 for civilians (16%). The risk of PTSD after TBI is concurrently attributable to the methods of the included studies (objectives focused on PTSD diagnosis, type of comparison group) and to participants’ characteristics (country, sex, type of traumatic event). TBI diagnosis represents greater risk for PTSD, especially in military and veteran settings. The dual diagnosis of TBI and PTSD complicates the patients’ portrait, the burden of the caregivers and the clinicians’ work. The combination of these disorders requires an interdisciplinary collaboration, as physical and psychological traumas are closely intertwined.
The risk of developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the factors that may affect the manifestation of both disorders in a same individual remain to be clarified. Military personnel (including veterans who have been active members) are at higher risk of physical injuries and exposure to potentially traumatic events and could be particularly susceptible to display the TBI-PTSD comorbidity. This dissertation aims to depict the frequency of PTSD after TBI, the mechanisms behind the development of this dual diagnosis, its symptomatic particularities and risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine if adults with TBI are at greater risk of developing PTSD than other trauma-exposed populations, and if this risk is even greater in military than in civilian populations. A secondary aim was to determine the factors that increase the probability to experience PTSD after TBI. Results from the 33 studies that were included in this meta-analysis suggest that the risk of developing PTSD is 2.68 times greater (27%) after TBI than when there is no such head injury (11%). Moreover, individuals with TBI are 4.18 times more likely to have a diagnosis of PTSD than those without TBI when they are in the military (37%), compared with 1.26 for civilians (16%). The risk of PTSD after TBI is concurrently attributable to the methods of the included studies (objectives focused on PTSD diagnosis, type of comparison group) and to participants’ characteristics (country, sex, type of traumatic event). TBI diagnosis represents greater risk for PTSD, especially in military and veteran settings. The dual diagnosis of TBI and PTSD complicates the patients’ portrait, the burden of the caregivers and the clinicians’ work. The combination of these disorders requires an interdisciplinary collaboration, as physical and psychological traumas are closely intertwined.
Lessard, Bonaventure Paule. "Transfusion sanguine chez les patients en état critique suivant un traumatisme craniocérébral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66573.
Full textIntroduction: Restrictive transfusion strategy has been advocated in critically ill patients. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty exists regarding optimal transfusion thresholds in patients with traumatic brain injury because the injured brain is susceptible to hypoxemic damage. We aimed to identify the determinants of red blood cell transfusion and the perceived optimal transfusion thresholds in adult patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Methods: We conducted an electronic, self-administered survey targeting critical care specialists and neurosurgeons from Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom caring for patients with traumatic brain injury. The questionnaire was initially developed by a panel of experts using a structured process (domains/items generation and reduction). The questionnaire was validated for clinical sensibility, reliability, and content. Results: Our response rate was 28.7% (218/760). When presented with the hypothetical scenario of a young adult patient with traumatic brain injury, a wide range of transfusion practices was observed, with 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41 to 54%) favoring red blood cell transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤70 g·L-1 in the acute phase of care, while 73% (95% CI, 67 to 79%) would use this trigger in the plateau phase of care. Multiple trauma, neuro-monitoring data, hemorrhagic shock, and planned surgery were the main factors that influenced the need for transfusion. The lack of clinical evidence and guidelines was responsible for uncertainty regarding red blood cell transfusion strategies in this patient population. Conclusion: In our survey about critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury, intensivists and neurosurgeons believed that transfusion practice is mainly influenced by the acuity of care, patient characteristics, and neuro-monitoring. Clinical equipoise regarding optimal transfusion strategy is believed to be mainly attributed to the lack of clear clinical evidence and guidelines. Appropriate randomized-controlled trials are required to determine the optimal transfusion strategies in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury
Nicolle, Stéphane. "Identification et modélisation du comportement viscoélastique linéaire et non linéaire du tissu cérébral en situation d'impacts." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13157.
Full textThe aim of this work is to contribute to the development of the ULP human head Finite Element model. This study concerns the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic brain tissue behaviour of which the knowledge remains currently incomplete and contrasted. The small shear strains brain properties are determined on new frequency range (from 0. 1 to more than 6000 Hz) which includes frequencies associated with traffic road accidents and non penetrating ballistic impacts. The robustness of the protocol and the reliability of the experimental results are confirmed by the use of two different testing devices and by the analysis of several factors which could affect measurements objectivity. The study is also accompanied by an analysis of the anisotropy for a particular area of the brain (the corona radiate), and inter-species and regional differences. The large strain brain behaviour is characterized by shear relaxation tests between 0. 1% and 50% strain. The results show the increase of the strain level affect the modulus magnitude but not their relaxation times. The brain linear behaviour is modelled by a phenomenological five-mode Maxwell model. The brain rubberlike behaviour is modelled by an Ogden hyperelastic law. This law is extended to take account of the observed dissipative effects on all time range (visco-hyperelastic law). Finally, a comparison of these brain linear and nonlinear constitutive laws is realised from numerical simulations of a reference and a ballistic impact. The conclusion is that the pertinence of the different laws contribution requires other numerical model validation criteria
Schmidt, Eric Albert. "La perfusion cérébrale : analyse critique et approches novatrices de perfusione cerebri." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2035.
Full textHaghbayan, Hourmazd. "The prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury : a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68020.
Full textTraumatic brain injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and represents a significant socioeconomic burden in developed nations due to residual post-trauma disability among survivors. Despite high rates of long-term unfavourable outcome, few prognostic indicators currently exist to guide early clinical management and counsel family and friends of patients. Over four decades of observational studies have examined the potential role of early magnetic resonance imaging of the brain to distinguish long-term clinical outcome by examining lesion patterns identifiable soon after trauma. This present work thus aims to determine the prognostic value of early magnetic resonance imaging following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury in adults by employing prognostic systematic review and meta-analysis methodology to identify all published studies assessing the relationship between magnetic resonance lesion patterns and long-term clinical outcome. Our search identified 58 individual studies; following meta-analysis, lesions located in the brainstem were associated with all-cause mortality and unfavourable neurological outcome while shear injury patterns compatible with diffuse axonal injury anywhere in the brain were associated with increased risk of unfavourable neurological outcome. Two scoring systems based on lesion depth were associated with progressively worse neurological outcomes as more caudal cerebral structures were affected, confirming the importance of deep lesions. These findings demonstrate the prognostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging early following traumatic brain injury and indicate the need for high quality, well-controlled, prognostic cohort studies given the elevated risk of bias in the current body of literature.
Bertrand, Jean-Baptiste. "Du stade juvénile au stade adulte : évolution des troubles de la transmission dopaminergique chez les rats ayant subi la lésion néonatale de l’hippocampe ventral et implications pour la physiopathologie de la schizophrénie." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/67/07/PDF/These_JB_Bertrand.pdf.
Full textIn this work, we developed the model of rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL rats), a relevant tool for studying schizophrenia. We validated anatomic imaging (MRI) as a tool allowing an early and reliable detection of locus and extent of lesions instead of post mortem evaluation. At the behavioural level, we showed that the number of abnormalities associated with of dopaminergic transmission alterations increase from prepubertal stage to adult life in NVHL animals. At the neurochemical level, we showed that NVHL animals display alterations of dopamine effluxes measured in the mesocorticolimbic system (nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex) that emerge only after puberty. Our results strengthen the main implication of dopamine in the physiopathology of schizophrenia and emphasize the role of factors that could precipitate the onset of the disease in the late adolescence
Lavoie-Dugré, Sarah. "L'influence de l'âge sur le fonctionnement psychologique à la suite d’un traumatisme crânio-cérébral (TCC) léger ou modéré/sévère chez l'adulte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26112.
Full textHellal, Farida. "Récepteur B2 de la bradykinine : une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour le traitement du traumatisme cérébral diffus?" Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P635.
Full textThe aim of our work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) blockade in diffuse cerebral trauma using a mouse closed head injury model (CHI). Previously, we showed that CHI leads to a neurological deficit, a diffuse degeneration, cerebral hemorrhage and edema concomitantly with blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Moreover, CHI induces an oxidative stress (OS) and neutrophil infiltration (NI). In a second part, using a selective non-peptide antagonist, the LF 16-0687 Ms and B2R knock-out mice, we showed that B2R blockade improves the neurological outcome, decreases the BBB disruption, NI, edema and hemorrhage and also the OS and the inducible NO synthase (NOS) expression and activity. Besides these effects, the antagonist treatment sets against decrease of the neuronal NOS activity. These data indicating the B2R contribution to post-traumatic events, emphasize the therapeutic potential of its blockade for the treatment of diffuse cerebral trauma
Mercier, Jackie, and Jackie Mercier. "Effet de la médication psychostimulante sur l'éveil et les fonctions cognitives suivant un traumatisme crâniocérébral modéré à sévère." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37935.
Full textAu Canada et au Québec, des dizaines de milliers d’individus sont touchés chaque année par les séquelles consécutives à un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) (Brain Injury Canada, 2018). Des déficits de l’attention, de la mémoire épisodique, de la mémoire de travail et des fonctions exécutives sont fréquemment observés et persistants chez cette population. Le but de cette recherche effectuée à double insu était de venir étudier si l’administration d’une médication psychostimulante en phase précoce, en l’occurrence l’Amantadine ou le Méthylphénidate, pouvait réduire la durée de l’amnésie post-traumatique (APT) chez les participants en comparaison à l’évolution naturelle suivant le TCC (groupe placebo). L’étude visait également à documenter si la continuité de cette médication pouvait possiblement avoir un impact sur l’amélioration des différentes fonctions cognitives en phase de réadaptation. Enfin, il était également visé de documenter les effets potentiels de la médication psychostimulante sur les habitudes de vie et la qualité de vie de l’individu. Initialement, une étude randomisée contrôlée à double-insu était privilégié pour la présente étude. Or, des difficultés de recrutement majeures ont mené à une révision des analyses prévues, résultant en la présentation d’études de cas multiples. En phase précoce, l’analyse de l’évolution des participants ne permet pas de soutenir un impact clair de la médication psychostimulante sur les mesures d’éveil. Un effet de l’âge est cependant observé, où les jeunes participants (£ 40 ans) présentent une durée d’APT plus courte que les participants plus âgés (> 40 ans). En phase de réadaptation, l’utilisation d’une médication psychostimulante ne permet pas d’observer une amélioration plus rapide ou marquée des fonctions cognitives. La majorité des participants, tous groupes confondus, présentent toujours des déficits cognitifs cliniquement significatifs au dernier temps de mesure de l’étude (T4 ; huit semaines post-APT). La présence d’une surcharge cognitive et affective associée à la survenue du TCC apparaît également nuire à la récupération fonctionnelle optimale des participants. Ainsi, la présente étude confirme l’hétérogénéité interindividuelle des séquelles suivant un TCC. Considérant la faisabilité limitée d’un traitement psychostimulant auprès de cette population et l’impact mitigé de ces molécules sur l’évolution des participants, des traitements alternatifs devraient être envisagés afin de cibler les difficultés cognitives, psychologiques et sociales répertoriées et persistantes suivant le TCC.
In Canada and Quebec, thousands of individuals are affected each year by cognitive sequelae resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Brain Injury Canada, 2018). Deficits of attention, episodic memory, working memory and executive functions are frequently observed and persistent in this population. The purpose of this double-blind study was to investigate if whether the use of psychostimulant medication, i.e. Amantadine or Methylphenidate, could reduce the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in participants compared to the natural awakening evolution following TBI (placebo group). The study also aimed to document whether the continuity of this medication could improve cognitive recovery during the rehabilitation phase. Finally, it was also intended to document the potential impact of psychostimulant drugs on life habits and quality of life following TBI. Initially, a double-blind placebo controlled protocol was favored for this study. However, major recruitment difficulties led to present the results as multiple case studies. In the early phase, analysis of participants awakening trajectory do not support a clear impact of the medication on PTA duration. However, an effect of age is observed, where younger participants (£ 40 years old) recover faster from their PTA than older participants (> 40 years old). In the rehabilitation phase, no clear impact of psychostimulant drugs on cognitive recovery is observed. The majority of participants, regardless of allocation groups, still show clinically significant cognitive deficits at the end of the study (eight weeks post-APT). Moreover, cognitive and affective overload associated with TBI appears to hinder optimal functional recovery. Thus, the present study confirms the interindividual heterogeneity of sequelae following TBI. Considering the limited feasibility of a psychostimulant treatment with this vulnerable population and the mixed impacts of these drugs on awakening and cognitive recovery, alternative treatments should be considered in order to address the cognitive, psychological and social difficulties that could be persistent following TBI.
In Canada and Quebec, thousands of individuals are affected each year by cognitive sequelae resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Brain Injury Canada, 2018). Deficits of attention, episodic memory, working memory and executive functions are frequently observed and persistent in this population. The purpose of this double-blind study was to investigate if whether the use of psychostimulant medication, i.e. Amantadine or Methylphenidate, could reduce the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in participants compared to the natural awakening evolution following TBI (placebo group). The study also aimed to document whether the continuity of this medication could improve cognitive recovery during the rehabilitation phase. Finally, it was also intended to document the potential impact of psychostimulant drugs on life habits and quality of life following TBI. Initially, a double-blind placebo controlled protocol was favored for this study. However, major recruitment difficulties led to present the results as multiple case studies. In the early phase, analysis of participants awakening trajectory do not support a clear impact of the medication on PTA duration. However, an effect of age is observed, where younger participants (£ 40 years old) recover faster from their PTA than older participants (> 40 years old). In the rehabilitation phase, no clear impact of psychostimulant drugs on cognitive recovery is observed. The majority of participants, regardless of allocation groups, still show clinically significant cognitive deficits at the end of the study (eight weeks post-APT). Moreover, cognitive and affective overload associated with TBI appears to hinder optimal functional recovery. Thus, the present study confirms the interindividual heterogeneity of sequelae following TBI. Considering the limited feasibility of a psychostimulant treatment with this vulnerable population and the mixed impacts of these drugs on awakening and cognitive recovery, alternative treatments should be considered in order to address the cognitive, psychological and social difficulties that could be persistent following TBI.
Diotel, Nicolas. "Production et cible des neurostéroïdes dans le cerveau du poisson zèbre adulte : rôles potentiels dans la neurogenèse et la réparation cérébrale." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S106.
Full textThe brain of teleost fishes exhibits (1) an intense neurogenic activity, (2) the persistence of radial glial cell progenitors during adulthood, (3) a high aromatase activity due to the strong expression of the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme, aromatase B (AroB), (4) an AroB expression restricted to radial glial cell progenitors, and (5) an outstanding capability for brain repair. Given these features, we suggested that steroids, notably estrogens, could be involved in neurodevelopment by modulating the neurogenic activity of radial glial cells. In this PhD work realized in the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we first characterized the molecular and electrophysiological properties of AroB radial glial cells notably during the proliferative phase. Next, we showed that radial glial cells of adult fish are likely to produce a wide variety of steroids, many of which can in turn affect radial glial cells that express estrogens and progesterone receptors. Finally, we demonstrated that estrogens are involved in neurogenic mechanisms, under physiological conditions, but do not seem to modulate proliferation in injured brain conditions. Together, these data provide further information in the characterization of the adult fish brain, notably concerning the potential involvement of steroids in neurogenic processes
Laviolette, Valérie. "Nature, évolution et facteurs de risque de l'anxiété durant la première année suivant la survenue d'un traumatisme cranio-cérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28225.
Full textAnxiety disorders are frequent after a TBI. Their prevalence may reach 44 % in the first year post-TBI and studies have shown that this anxiety has a functional impact on individuals. However, few studies have addressed this issue so far. The aims of the thesis were to describe the nature, frequency and evolution of anxiety-related disorders (i.e. non-anxious pathway, early anxiety pathway and delayed anxiety pathway) in the first year post-TBI with a sample representing a broad spectrum of TBI severity (Article 1) and to determine the risk factors present in pre-TBI and at the time of TBI of these pathways (Article 2). Two hundred and ten participants (mean age 41.3 ± 15.3, 75.2% men) were recruited from a trauma center following their hospitalization for TBI (51% mild TBI, 31% moderate TBI, 18% severe TBI). They provided socio-demographic data and completed a psycho-diagnostic interview at 4-, 8- and 12-month post-TBI (pre-TBI was evaluated at their first interview). Injury-related data were collected in participants’ medical files. In Article 1, descriptive analyses showed that one-third of participants have at least one anxiety disorder in the first year post-TBI and that one fifth had suffered from an anxiety disorder in pre-TBI. The most frequent disorders included mixed anxiety and depression disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. In terms of anxiety symptoms, the most frequent were a general feeling of anxiety, worries, and having experienced an extremely traumatic event. Generalized estimation equations showed that the presence of anxiety-related disorders is globally stable over time. Further descriptive analyses however identified 16 different pathways of anxiety-related disorders. These pathways were grouped into three categories: 75 % of the sample following a non-anxious pathway, 15 % following an early pathway (i.e. presence of at least one anxiety-related disorder at the 4-month assessment) and 10 % following a delayed pathway (i.e. absence of a diagnosis of anxiety-related disorder at the 4-month assessment and presence of at least one of these disorders at the 8- and/or 12-month assessment). In Article 2, recursive partitioning analysis identified that the variable that best classifies participants according to these pathway is the presence of at least one anxiety-related disorder present pre-TBI; having experienced an anxiety-related disorder in pre-TBI increases the risk of suffering of at least one anxiety-related disorder in post-TBI and promotes an early pathway (according to the test of equality of proportions). Among participants who did not experience anxiety-related disorder in pre-TBI, the variable that best classifies pathways is the number of years of education completed; having completed 10.5 years of education or less increases the risk of suffering of at least one anxiety-related disorder post-TBI and promotes a delayed pathway. Among participants who did not experience anxiety-related disorder in pre-TBI and had more than 10.5 years of education, the variable that best classifies pathways was sex; being a woman increases the risk of post-TBI anxiety and promotes a delayed pathway. Among participants who did not experience anxiety-related disorder in pre-TBI, with more than 10.5 years of education, and men, the variable that best classifies pathways is TBI severity; having sustained a mild TBI increases the risk of post-TBI anxiety and promotes an early pathway. These results suggest that anxiety is common after a TBI, varies in nature from one individual to another, and takes various pathways. Risk factors for an early or delayed pathway can be identified at the time of the TBI. These findings provide new avenues to optimize treatment, to help to identify individuals at risk and they emphasize the importance of assessing anxiety-related disorders regularly during the first year. Future studies could elucidate the mechanisms underlying different risk factors and thus provide insights to intervene better.
Caplain, Sophie. "Traumatismes cranio-cérébraux "légers" : identification de marqueurs prédictifs précoces d'un syndrome post-traumatique pérsistant : étude multi-axiale des facteurs psychologiques, neuropsychologiques et neuro-anatomiques." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/188211551#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents 80 % of all the traumatic head injuries. Even though the prognosis is generally favourable, 15 % of the mTBI is going to suffer from post-traumatic syndrom (persistent PTS) involving all the cognitive, somatic, mood and behaviour and the quality of life domains. The origin and the mechanisms of these disorders are still poorly known and it is still difficult to prevent prematurely their chronicity. Our objectives are to extend our knowledge on the PTS and to try to distinguish as soon as possible the mTBI subjects who carry a risk of unfavourable evolution. We conducted 2 prospective and longitudinal studies on samples of subjects mTBI and estimated at the early phase (Between 8 and 21 days) and at the late phase (in 3 and 6 months) of the trauma the neuropsychological, psychological and anatomo-functional aspects. 2 subgroups were then determined during the late phase, according to their evolution, on the basis of the main criterion "complaints" (favourable evolution group and unfavourable). Our results show significant differences (p <. 05), from the early phase, between the group FE and UE, marked by several and more intense disorders to group UE on all the investigated domains. These disorders are mainly detectable by more complaints and a higher level of disturbance, a marked primary anxious mood, a level of quality of life significantly reduced as well as traumatic axonal injuries. These results can lead to new perspectives of diagnosis and of the clinical management with a pluridimensionnal approach of the mTBI persons at risk of unfavourable evolution
Paradis-Giroux, Andrée-Anne. "Les effets du traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger et du vieillissement normal sur les mécanismes neuronaux de l'encodage épisodique selon la charge attentionnelle : études en potentiels évoqués." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26401.
Full textWith the aging population, the incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in elders will probably increase. Even though the presence of persistent cognitive disabilities after a MTBI still remain controversial, a few studies having manipulated the attentional load during encoding have detected subtle alterations of cognitive functioning several years post-MTBI. Indeed, it is currently well accepted that diagnostic tools used in clinical and research settings, such as neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging techniques, are not sufficiently sensitive to detect chronic impairments induced by MTBI. However, the event-related potentials (ERP) technique is an efficient approach to identify the neurophysiological alterations caused by MTBI. The current thesis aimed to determine the effects of divided attention (Study 1), normal aging (Study 1) and MTBI (Study 2) on the different ERP solicited during encoding. The results of Study 1 demonstrate that the addition of a secondary task during episodic encoding interfere with attentional capture of the stimulus and with efficient use of encoding strategies. Moreover, encoding under divided attention requires a greater solicitation of executive functions in order to sustain encoding in elders. This activity is not observed in young adults. In addition, the elders struggle to use encoding strategies. These findings further support the decrease of attentional resources in aging’s theory, but some executive dysfunctions were also observed. Study 2 aimed to identify the persistent effects of MTBI on ERP in encoding among elders. The results show that the elders with a MTBI have working memory impairments due to a slowed processing speed and a decline in use of compensation mechanisms, normally observed in healthy elders. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the causes of age-related memory decline and to the identification of diagnostic tools which are further sensitive to the chronic effects of MTBI. This in-depth knowledge on these effects can allow the identification of effective interventions to preserve or improve cognition in elders with or without MTBI.
Lamy, Michael. "Modélisation mécanique du cerveau de rat : application au traumatisme cérébral." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6150.
Full textTraumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a major cause of deaths and disabilities in our societies. They often result from falls or motor vehicle collisions, when the head sustains a mechanical loading. Studying those injuries is a crucial issue; but the criteria governing the occurrence of said lesions remain not well known, as brain injuries are in essence the results of unforeseeable events, and thus can only be analyzed a posteriori. Therefore, the current work of thesis aimed to deal with brain injuries through a combined approach of experimental animal protocols and numerical models. In a first step, a finite element model (FEM) of the rat brain is developed. Based upon medical imaging, a detailed mesh of the brain is achieved, representing several main anatomical components; then, a mechanical characterization is defined. After a phase of validation and parametric tests, the model is used to simulate experimental protocols in which the rat head sustains angular accelerations loadings. Experimental results and numerical responses from the FEM were confronted to each other, to contribute to the knowledge on brain injury mechanisms. The first set of simulations deals with loadings related to mild TBI. New mechanical indicators are proposed, and prove to be better correlated with animal behavioral deficits than the usual mechanical parameters (stresses and strains). The second group of simulations focuses on loadings responsible for moderate to severe TBI. By comparing anatomical and histological data to numerical results, new thresholds are proposed, concerning Von Mises stresses and first principal strains levels, for the occurrence of severe TBI
Naja, Nabil. "Paralysies oculomotrices et traumatismes craniens." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M060.
Full textLévesque, Mélanie. "Étude des effets des lésions mésio-temporales unilatérales sur l'encodage et le rappel d'un matériel verbal et non-verbal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44425.
Full textPloix, Maes Emmanuelle. "Plasticité fonctionnelle après une lésion cérébrale prénatale ou postnatale chez l'enfant : le cas du traitement des visages." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H049.
Full textTwenty children aged between 6- and 14-year-old who underwent brain damage either at different time before birth or at birth or later were studied. Their performances in face processing and in configural, local and global processing wereinvestigated with several tasks. The results show a severe deficit in face processing and in some low level visual processing in patients with a posterior brain damage whether right or left. The deficit does not differ with the date of damage before birth (during cortical migartion or after or around term birth). It is concluded that brain functional plasticity is poorer for visuo-spatail competencies than form many language competencies
Vigué, Bernard. "Hémodynamique cérébrale en neurotraumatologie." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T067.
Full textBerger, Pelletier Elyse. "L'utilisation de la solution de salin hypertonique dans le traitement des victimes de traumatisme craniocérébral grave à l'urgence." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26303.
Full textGervais, Frédérique. "Évolution longitudinale des symptômes d'insomnie à la suite d'un traumatisme craniocérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69364.
Full textThe aim of the study was to assess the evolution of insomnia during the first four years following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare between different levels of severity of the TBI. This study also aimed to identify risk factors for different insomnia trajectory (chronic, fluctuating or absence of insomnia). Participants included in this study were adults aged between 18 and 65 years (n=429) and were recruited in a hospital setting and rehabilitation center. They completed several self-reported questionnaires at different time points (4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post-TBI) to assess insomnia symptoms (ISI), anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS) and pain (SF-36). Results showed that prevalence rates of insomnia remained high across assessment times points, varying between 52 and 58%. Symptoms were more prevalent among participants who sustained a mild TBI compared to those with moderate to severe TBI (57% vs 67%) and those symptoms were more severe in the mild compared to the moderate-severe TBI group (ISI mean score: mild TBI= 10.46; moderate-severe TBI = 8.44; F= 14.74, p <.001). One third of individuals who sustained a TBI presented a chronic trajectory of insomnia over the 4-year follow-up period. Those with mild TBI were significantly more represented in the subgroup with a chronic trajectory of insomnia compared to those with moderate-severe TBI (37.7% vs 23.2%, p<.001) Individuals presenting a low level of depressive symptoms paired with moderate anxious symptoms were at greater risk for a chronic course of insomnia symptoms. In conclusion, insomnia is a frequent condition following TBI and may impede recovery and quality of life. Patients with mild TBI and presenting depressive and anxious symptoms following TBI should be followed closely since they have a less favorable prognosis regarding the evolution of their insomnia symptoms.
Archambault, Patrick. "Effet de l'étomidate sur la production de cortisol chez les patients intubés pour traumatisme cranio-cérébral : une étude de cohorte prospective." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24940/24940.pdf.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Etomidate is one of the most frequently used anesthetic induction agents for intubating patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), although the clinical impacts of its adverse effects on adrenal function are debated. Therefore, it is important to assess the consequences of any adrenal suppression that could result from its use in patients with TBI. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the risk and the length of relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) induced by etomidate in patients intubated for moderate and severe TBI. The secondary objective was to determine etomidate’s impact on mortality and morbidity. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. Eligible participants were moderate to severe TBI victims aged 16 years and over, intubated and admitted to a tertiary neurosurgical reference center between August 2003 and November 2004. ACTH stimulation tests (250 mcg) were performed on participants 24, 48 and 168 hours after intubation. RAI was defined as an increased of serum cortisol one hour post ACTH (delta cortisol) of less than 248.4 nmol/L (9 mcg/dl). Logistic and linear regression models assessed the association between the exposure to etomidate and the risk of RAI. RESULTS: Of the 94 subjects eligible to participate, 40 underwent ACTH testing. Fifteen subjects received etomidate and 25 received other induction agents. At 24 hours, etomidate did not change the risk of RAI. However, etomidate decreased the delta cortisol (adjusted mean: 305.1 nmol/l, 95% CI [214.7-384.8] vs. 500.5 nmol/l, 95% CI [441.8-565.7], p=0.02). At 48 and 168 hours, this difference disappeared. For all eligible subjects (n=94), there was a non significant trend for increased mortality in the etomidate group (adjusted OR: 4.8, 95% CI [0.6-35.9]). Etomidate was however associated with a significant increased risk of pneumonia (adjusted OR: 3.0, 95% CI [1.0-8.7]; p=0.04). The adjusted length of stay in the intensive care unit was not different (10.2 days for etomidate versus 10.8 days for the other agents). At discharge, the adjusted motor Functional Independence Measure score was significantly lower for subjects in the etomidate group (32 versus 56, p=0.002), but the adjusted cognitive score was not significantly different (35 versus 46, p=0.15). CONCLUSION: Etomidate decreases the adrenal response to an ACTH test up to 24 hours after a single dose used for the intubation of TBI victims. A large randomized controlled trial is needed to further assess its impact on morbidity and mortality.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Le, Gall Gwenae͏̈lle. "Informatisation des données stéréotaxiques et dosimétriques pour l'irradiation de lésions cérébrales : une approche robotisée." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30186.
Full textCossette, Isabelle. "Combinaisons de tâches locomotrices et cognitives pour révéler les déficits exécutifs suivant un traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger chez des jeunes adolescents." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26386.
Full textFourteen young adolescents who had previously sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and thirteen healthy adolescents walked in different conditions related to environmental contexts (unobstructed walking (LEVEL), stepping over a narrow obstacle and stepping over a deep obstacle) and simultaneous cognitive tasks (no dual task (NO), Stroop task (St), verbal fluency task and arithmetic task). The goal was to identify the sensitive combinations of locomotor and cognitive tasks as well as variables that would differentiate children in early adolescence with an mTBI from those without. Fluidity was found to be more sensitive than gait speed. Motor dual-task cost (relative change between LEVEL and obstacle crossing with the same cognitive task) was found to differentiate both groups, specifically when involving visual interference (St) and more so when the dynamic equilibrium demand increased with obstacle depth. These results provide direction for future research on clinical assessment using dual-task walking post-mTBI in adolescents.
Oui, Pierre. "Antécédents de traumatismes craniens et risque de démence de type Alzheimer dans l'étude Paquid." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M015.
Full textBourgouin, Annie. "Étude pilote de l'impact d'une rééducation cognitive sur la mémoire épisodique de personnes âgées ayant subi un traumatisme crânio-cérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26463.
Full textFait, Philippe. "Effets d'une division d'attention pendant le contournement d'obstacles fixes ou mobiles chez des sujets ayant subi un traumatisme craniocérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22262.
Full textFrançois, Jennifer. "Conséquences fonctionnelles d'une lésion de la boucle entorhino-hippocampique : Application à l'épilepsie temporale et à la schizophrénie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/FRANCOIS_Jennifer_2008.pdf.
Full textTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and schizophrenia are characterized by an initial precipitating brain injury followed by a latent phase with no clinical signs before the occurence of the symptoms. TLE is characterized by damages in the hippocampus and other mesiotemporal structures induced by the initial injury and leading to the formation of a hyperexcitable circuit. Treatments are focused on suppressing seizures but are never able to modify the development or severity of the chronic pathology. One goal is therefore to develop new molecules with antiepileptogenic properties. Thus it is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic TLE. The lithium-pilocarpine model reproduces the characteristic features of the human pathology. We tested in this model the neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic properties of a bitherapy (Topiramate+Diazepam) and of carisbamate. Our results showed that, carisbamate, contrary to the bitherapy, was able to protect all structures of the epileptic circuit and prevented or delayed the occurrence of spontaneous motor seizures suggesting that it is possible to modify the development and severity of the chronic pathology by acting after the initial brain injury. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive and negative symptoms and cognitive problems. The major hypothesis concerning the etiology of schizophrenia considers that genetic and environmental factors alter early brain development leading to functional disconnection of brain areas. Treatments act mainly on positive symptoms. Identification of structures and mechanisms involved in the development and physiopathology of schizophrenia may lead to new therapeutic strategies. A lesion of the ventral hippocampus in rats at postnatal day 7 is considered as a heuristic model of schizophrenia. We studied the perturbations of basal brain metabolism in these rats before and after puberty and at adulthood. We also studied the modifications of the GABAergic system in adult rats. Our results showed perturbations of brain function that were observed before the onset of symptoms, a widespread decrease of the enzyme for the synthesis of GABA and a selective decrease in interneurons containing parvalbumin in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Altogether, these results contribute to the characterization of the physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of these two pathologies and might help to identify new therapeutic targets
Akkari, Ibtihage. "Leucomalacie périventriculaire du prématuré : corrélations, imagerie clinique." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11358.
Full textJacob-Tardif, Maude. "Effets de la poursuite des activités sportives sur la symptomatologie d'adolescents ayant subi un traumatisme craniocérébral léger d'origine sportive." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27961.
Full textUntil recently, the position of the various guides for the management of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in adolescents was to record them at full rest following their injury until they become asymptomatic for a period of 7 days and then gradually resume physical activity. However, these guidelines are in a position to change in particular as new research tends to show that restricting activities in the context of health problems can directly contribute to the development of psychological symptoms that may impede recovery. In this regard, a panel of experts gathered in Berlin in October 2016 to issue new recommendations to be published in 2017. It is therefore with a view to assessing the influence of the quantity of physical activity carried out within 7 days following TCCL on the severity of the symptoms and recovery of the adolescents that this project takes shape. The hypothesis posed by this study is that a greater amount of physical activity within 7 days after the impact is associated with a higher severity of symptoms. Also, it was expected that a small amount of physical activity had a better influence on the symptomatology than a complete absence of activity. Five teenagers, three girls and two boys aged 12 to 17 years old, who underwent a MTBI while playing a sport were tested in three telephone interviews at 10-15 days, 30 days and 90 days post- MTBI. The results obtained show that only one participant distinguishes himself from the others in his recovery trajectory while he has a significantly higher symptomatology than the others. It appears that the injury mechanism as well as the high severity level of the symptoms in the acute phase may have a negative influence on recovery time. In addition, he has an important depressive and anxious symptomatology that has probably had a negative impact on his recovery. Finally, this participant did not respect an initial period of rest following the occurrence of his injury before returning to a light physical activity. The results of this study are discussed in greater detail taking into account data from the current literature. The information gathered suggests that it is important in the clinic to ensure that an initial period of a few days of rest is respected and that the mental health of the patient is taken into account in determining its recovery trajectory and guiding interventions. Nevertheless, additional studies are still needed to determine the duration and exact nature of the rest to recommend in order to develop management protocols with a better balance between rest and physical activity.
Grenier-Boley, Bruno. "Métabolisme et circulation cérébrale après traumatisme cranio-cérébral grave : revue de la littérature et introduction à une nouvelle technologie : le monitorage continu de la saturation en oxygène." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23072.
Full textPotvin, Olivier. "Effets des lésions dorsale et ventrale de l'hippocampe et des dommages collatéraux au subiculum dans des tâches de mémoires de travail spatiale chez le rat." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43449.
Full textRecently, evidences from anatomical and behavioral studies have suggested that the dorsal portion of the hippocampus assume spatial memory function where as the ventral portion of the hippocampus is involved in fear and anxiety-related behaviors. This experiment was aimed at testing this hypothesis. Two groups of rats, one with dorsal hippocampal lesions and one with ventral hippocampal lesions were compared to sham-operated controls in two spatial working memory tasks: the standard version of the radial arm maze and the nonmatching-to-place task in the T-maze. Performance of dorsal hippocampal lesioned rats was impaired in both tasks whereas ventral hippocampal lesions did not affect learning in either task. Further histological analyses showed that damage to th e nearby dorsal subiculum combined with the lesions to the dorsal hippocampus accounts for the deficit in the nonmatching-to-sample task.
Tessier, Danielle. "La dépression suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral : la contribution de la douleur, des comorbidités et des blessures aux autres parties du corps." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27189.
Full textDepression is the most common psychiatric disorder after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Injuries to other parts of the body, physical illnesses, pain and migraine headaches seem to be related to post-TBI depression. The goal of this memoire is to better understand these relationships. Rates of depression in individuals having injuries to other parts of the body at the time of the accident and significant pain, migraines, use of analgesics and physical health concerns at 4, 8 and 12 months post-TBI were compared to those who did not. The influence of these variables at 4 months post-injury on the development of depression over the first year post-TBI was then analysed. The risk of presenting with depression over the first year post-TBI is increased for individuals reporting injuries to lower limbs at the time of the accident and significant pain, migraines, use of analgesics and health problems at 4 months post-injury. A history of pre-injury depression remains the strongest predictor of post-TBI depression. These results demonstrate the importance of targeted follow-up for TBI populations presenting with these factors.
Dreux, Pierre. "Modifications neurochimiques au cours des maladies à virus lents non conventionnels." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P120.
Full textBlais, Marie Claude. "L'ajustement psychologique et la satisfaction conjugale suite à un traumatisme cranio-cérébral." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43455.
Full textCantin, Jean-François. "Évolution de la condition des traumatisés cranio-cérébraux légers : étude prospective." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24653/24653.pdf.
Full textFauxbaton, Laurence. "Utilisation des morphiniques dans la sédation des traumatisés crâniens graves : évaluation du Sufentanil." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23092.
Full textEl, Beaino Ghada. "Prédicteurs périnataux du devenir des enfants grands prématurés à l'Age de 5 ans : résultats de la cohorte EPIPAGE." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066280.
Full text