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Journal articles on the topic 'Hippocampus (Brain) Memory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Henin, Simon, Anita Shankar, Helen Borges, et al. "Spatiotemporal dynamics between interictal epileptiform discharges and ripples during associative memory processing." Brain 144, no. 5 (2021): 1590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab044.

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Abstract We describe the spatiotemporal course of cortical high-gamma activity, hippocampal ripple activity and interictal epileptiform discharges during an associative memory task in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing invasive EEG. Successful encoding trials manifested significantly greater high-gamma activity in hippocampus and frontal regions. Successful cued recall trials manifested sustained high-gamma activity in hippocampus compared to failed responses. Hippocampal ripple rates were greater during successful encoding and retrieval trials. Interictal epileptiform discharges during encoding

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Barnes, C. A. "Long-term potentiation and the ageing brain." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1432 (2003): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1244.

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Ageing is associated with learning and memory impairments. Data are reviewed that suggest that age-related impairments of hippocampal-dependent forms of memory, may be caused, in part, by altered synaptic plasticity mechanisms in the hippocampus, including long-term potentiation (LTP). To the extent that the mechanisms responsible for LTP can be understood, it may be possible to develop therapeutic approaches to alleviate memory decline in normal ageing.

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Lemvigh, Cecilie, Rachel Brouwer, Louise Baruel Johansen, et al. "T60. GENETIC INFLUENCES ON MEMORY FUNCTIONS AND RELATED BRAIN STRUCTURES AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS: A NATION-WIDE TWIN STUDY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.620.

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Abstract Background Impaired memory is among the most profound cognitive deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. Evidence from twin studies suggests that memory is mainly influenced by genetics. Moreover, a few twin studies have demonstrated genetic overlap between specific memory functions and schizophrenia. Memory deficits in schizophrenia seem to involve abnormalities in frontal cortical areas and the middle temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus. In the general population, twin studies have consistently demonstrated genetic influences on brain volumes, however, evidence from

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Ang, Mary Jasmin, Sueun Lee, Mai Wada, et al. "SREBP-1c Deficiency Affects Hippocampal Micromorphometry and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Ability in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 6103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116103.

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Changes in structural and functional neuroplasticity have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is a critical regulatory molecule of lipid homeostasis in the brain. Recently, our findings have shown the potential involvement of SREBP-1c deficiency in the alteration of novel modulatory molecules in the hippocampus and occurrence of schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. However, the possible underlying mechanisms, related to neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus, are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the hippoc

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King, R., D. Jecmen, A. Alkozei, A. C. Raikes, M. A. Grandner, and W. D. Killgore. "0082 Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Adult Population is Associated with Habitual Sleep Duration." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A33—A34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.080.

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Abstract Introduction The hippocampus is well known for its role in sleep and memory consolidation in adolescents, and has been shown to demonstrate neural plasticity and neuronal regeneration. However, the relationship between sleep and hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy adults remains to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that total sleep time (TST), as measured by actigraphy, would correlate positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus, a key memory region of the brain. Methods Forty-five healthy normal sleeping adults between 20–45 years of age wore an actigraph

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Madhyastha, Sampath, S. N. Somayaji, M. S. Rao, K. Nalini, and K. Laxminarayana Bairy. "Hippocampal brain amines in methotrexate-induced learning and memory deficit." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80, no. 11 (2002): 1076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-135.

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Intrathecal methotrexate in children with leukemia is known to cause seizures, dementia, leukoencephalo pathy, and cognitive dysfunction after long-term treatment. To investigate the cognitive dysfunction, male Wistar rats were given multiple intracerebroventricular injections of methotrexate. Its effect on behaviour was tested in the two-compartment conditioned avoidance task and darkbright arena test. Levels of brain amines in the hippocampal region of the brain were estimated by HPLC. The qualitative and quantitative histopathological changes in the different regions of the hippocampus wer

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Eichenbaum, Howard. "What H.M. Taught Us." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 1 (2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00285.

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Studies on H.M. generated five main findings: that memory is a distinct psychological function, that amnesia spares short-term and working memory, that amnesia is an impairment of declarative and episodic memory, that the hippocampus is a core brain structure supporting memory, and that the hippocampus supports the permanent consolidation of memories. Each of these basic findings has recently been challenged, but a consideration of these studies suggests the new observations serve to support the original findings on H.M. and improve our understanding of the memory functions of the hippocampal

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Kazda, Tomas, Adela Misove, Petr Burkon, et al. "Incidence of Hippocampal Metastases: Laterality and Implications for Unilateral Hippocampal Avoiding Whole Brain Radiotherapy." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2459608.

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Introduction. Hippocampi sparing whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is an evolving approach in the treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases, pursuing mitigation of verbal memory decline as a consequence of hippocampal radiation injury. Accumulating data are showing different postradiotherapy changes in the left and right hippocampus with a theoretical proposal of only unilateral (dominant, left) hippocampal sparing during WBRT. Method. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe spatial distribution of brain metastases on MRI in a cohort of 260 patients (2595 metastases) and to

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Riggs, Lily, Eric Bouffet, Suzanne Laughlin, et al. "Changes to Memory Structures in Children Treated for Posterior Fossa Tumors." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 2 (2014): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771300129x.

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AbstractChildren treated for medulloblastoma (MB) exhibit long-term impairments in declarative memory, but the pathophysiology underlying this is unclear. Previous studies report declines in global white matter volume, but have failed to link this to declines in memory performance. We examined the effects of treatment on measures ofglobalbrain structure (i.e., total white and gray matter volume) andspecificmemory structures (i.e., hippocampus and uncinate fasciculus). We used volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric survivors of MB and one survivor of astrocytoma treated with c

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10

Papenberg, Goran, Nina Karalija, Alireza Salami, et al. "The Influence of Hippocampal Dopamine D2 Receptors on Episodic Memory Is Modulated by BDNF and KIBRA Polymorphisms." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 9 (2019): 1422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01429.

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Episodic memory is a polygenic trait influenced by different molecular mechanisms. We used PET and a candidate gene approach to investigate how individual differences at the molecular level translate into between-person differences in episodic memory performance of elderly persons. Specifically, we examined the interactive effects between hippocampal dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) availability and candidate genes relevant for hippocampus-related memory functioning. We show that the positive effects of high D2DR availability in the hippocampus on episodic memory are confined to carriers of advanta

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Herting, Megan M., and Bonnie J. Nagel. "Differences in Brain Activity during a Verbal Associative Memory Encoding Task in High- and Low-fit Adolescents." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 4 (2013): 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00344.

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Aerobic fitness is associated with better memory performance as well as larger volumes in memory-related brain regions in children, adolescents, and elderly. It is unclear if aerobic exercise also influences learning and memory functional neural circuitry. Here, we examine brain activity in 17 high-fit (HF) and 17 low-fit (LF) adolescents during a subsequent memory encoding paradigm using fMRI. Despite similar memory performance, HF and LF youth displayed a number of differences in memory-related and default mode (DMN) brain regions during encoding later remembered versus forgotten word pairs.

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Vikner, Tomas, Anders Eklund, Nina Karalija, et al. "Cerebral arterial pulsatility is linked to hippocampal microvascular function and episodic memory in healthy older adults." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 41, no. 7 (2021): 1778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x20980652.

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Microvascular damage in the hippocampus is emerging as a central cause of cognitive decline and dementia in aging. This could be a consequence of age-related decreases in vascular elasticity, exposing hippocampal capillaries to excessive cardiac-related pulsatile flow that disrupts the blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. Previous studies have found altered intracranial hemodynamics in cognitive impairment and dementia, as well as negative associations between pulsatility and hippocampal volume. However, evidence linking features of the cerebral arterial flow waveform to hippocampal

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Finn, Amy S., Maria Kharitonova, Natalie Holtby, and Margaret A. Sheridan. "Prefrontal and Hippocampal Structure Predict Statistical Learning Ability in Early Childhood." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 1 (2019): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01342.

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Statistical learning can be used to gain sensitivity to many important regularities in our environment, including structure that is foundational to language and visual perception. As yet, little is known about how statistical learning takes place in the human brain, especially in children's developing brains and with regard to the broader neurobiology of learning and memory. We therefore explored the relationship between statistical learning and the thickness and volume of structures that are traditionally implicated in declarative and procedural memory, focusing specifically on the left infer

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Morrone, Christopher D., Paolo Bazzigaluppi, Tina L. Beckett та ін. "Regional differences in Alzheimer’s disease pathology confound behavioural rescue after amyloid-β attenuation". Brain 143, № 1 (2019): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz371.

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Abstract Failure of Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials to improve or stabilize cognition has led to the need for a better understanding of the driving forces behind cognitive decline in the presence of active disease processes. To dissect contributions of individual pathologies to cognitive function, we used the TgF344-AD rat model, which recapitulates the salient hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology observed in patient populations (amyloid, tau inclusions, frank neuronal loss, and cognitive deficits). scyllo-Inositol treatment attenuated amyloid-β peptide in disease-bearing TgF344-AD r

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Boran, Ece, Tommaso Fedele, Peter Klaver, et al. "Persistent hippocampal neural firing and hippocampal-cortical coupling predict verbal working memory load." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (2019): eaav3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3687.

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The maintenance of items in working memory relies on persistent neural activity in a widespread network of brain areas. To investigate the influence of load on working memory, we asked human subjects to maintain sets of letters in memory while we recorded single neurons and intracranial encephalography (EEG) in the medial temporal lobe and scalp EEG. Along the periods of a trial, hippocampal neural firing differentiated between success and error trials during stimulus encoding, predicted workload during memory maintenance, and predicted the subjects’ behavior during retrieval. During maintenan

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Yan, Hao, Yanqin Feng, and Qian Wang. "Altered Effective Connectivity of Hippocampus-Dependent Episodic Memory Network in mTBI Survivors." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6353845.

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are generally recognized to affect episodic memory. However, less is known regarding how external force altered the way functionally connected brain structures of the episodic memory system interact. To address this issue, we adopted an effective connectivity based analysis, namely, multivariate Granger causality approach, to explore causal interactions within the brain network of interest. Results presented that TBI induced increased bilateral and decreased ipsilateral effective connectivity in the episodic memory network in comparison with that of normal contr

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Nam, Sung, Misun Seo, Jin-Seok Seo, et al. "Ascorbic Acid Mitigates D-galactose-Induced Brain Aging by Increasing Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improving Memory Function." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010176.

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Ascorbic acid is essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. However, the effect of ascorbic acid on adult brain aging has not been determined. Long-term treatment with high levels of D-galactose (D-gal) induces brain aging by accumulated oxidative stress. In the present study, mice were subcutaneously administered with D-gal (150 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks; from the seventh week, ascorbic acid (150 mg/kg/day) was orally co-administered for four weeks. Although D-gal administration alone reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive functions, co-treatment of ascorbic acid with D-gal

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Arant, Ryan J., Marisa S. Goo, Phoebe D. Gill, et al. "Decreasing temperature shifts hippocampal function from memory formation to modulation of hibernation bout duration in Syrian hamsters." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 2 (2011): R438—R447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00016.2011.

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Previous studies in hibernating species have characterized two forms of neural plasticity in the hippocampus, long-term potentiation (LTP) and its reversal, depotentiation, but not de novo long-term depression (LTD), which is also associated with memory formation. Studies have also shown that histamine injected into the hippocampus prolonged hibernation bout duration. However, spillover into the ventricles may have affected brain stem regions, not the hippocampus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that decreased brain temperature shifts the major function of the hippocampus in the Syrian hamster

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Perosa, Valentina, Anastasia Priester, Gabriel Ziegler, et al. "Hippocampal vascular reserve associated with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume." Brain 143, no. 2 (2020): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz383.

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Abstract Medial temporal lobe dependent cognitive functions are highly vulnerable to hypoxia in the hippocampal region, yet little is known about the relationship between the richness of hippocampal vascular supply and cognition. Hippocampal vascularization patterns have been categorized into a mixed supply from both the posterior cerebral artery and the anterior choroidal artery or a single supply by the posterior cerebral artery only. Hippocampal arteries are small and affected by pathological changes when cerebral small vessel disease is present. We hypothesized, that hippocampal vasculariz

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Brabazon, Fiona, Colin M. Wilson, Shalini Jaiswal, John Reed, William H. Frey, and Kimberly R. Byrnes. "Intranasal insulin treatment of an experimental model of moderate traumatic brain injury." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 9 (2017): 3203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16685106.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in learning and memory dysfunction. Cognitive deficits result from cellular and metabolic dysfunction after injury, including decreased cerebral glucose uptake and inflammation. This study assessed the ability of intranasal insulin to increase cerebral glucose uptake after injury, reduce lesion volume, improve memory and learning function and reduce inflammation. Adult male rats received a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury followed by intranasal insulin or saline treatment daily for 14 days. PET imaging of [18F]-FDG uptake was performed at baseline an

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Li, Qiongling, Shahin Tavakol, Jessica Royer, et al. "Atypical neural topographies underpin dysfunctional pattern separation in temporal lobe epilepsy." Brain 144, no. 8 (2021): 2486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab121.

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Abstract Episodic memory is the ability to remember events from our past accurately. The process of pattern separation is hypothesized to underpin this ability and is defined as the capacity to orthogonalize memory traces, to maximize the features that make them unique. Contemporary cognitive neuroscience suggests that pattern separation entails complex interactions between the hippocampus and neocortex, where specific hippocampal subregions shape neural reinstatement in the neocortex. To test this hypothesis, the current work studied both healthy controls and patients with temporal lobe epile

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Won, Junyeon, Daniel D. Callow, Gabriel S. Pena, et al. "Hippocampal Functional Connectivity and Memory Performance After Exercise Intervention in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 3 (2021): 1015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210051.

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Background: Exercise training (ET) has neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus, a key brain region for memory that is vulnerable to age-related dysfunction. Objective: We investigated the effects of ET on functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a cognitively normal (CN) control group. We also assessed whether the ET-induced changes in hippocampal FC (Δhippocampal-FC) are associated with changes in memory task performance (Δmemory performance). Methods: 32 older adults (77.0±7.6 years; 16 MCI and 16 CN) participated in the pres

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Haggerty, Daniel C., and Daoyun Ji. "Initiation of sleep-dependent cortical-hippocampal correlations at wakefulness-sleep transition." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 7 (2014): 1763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00783.2013.

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Sleep is involved in memory consolidation. Current theories propose that sleep-dependent memory consolidation requires active communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. Indeed, it is known that neuronal activities in the hippocampus and various neocortical areas are correlated during slow-wave sleep. However, transitioning from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep is a gradual process. How the hippocampal-cortical correlation is established during the wakefulness-sleep transition is unknown. By examining local field potentials and multiunit activities in the rat hippocampus and visual cort

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Cai, Zi-Jian. "The limbic-reticular coupling theory of memory processing in the brain and its greater compatibility over other theories." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 12, no. 2 (2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020002.

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Abstract The limbic-reticular coupling theory suggests that the hippocampus and amygdala regulate such descending limbic structures as the mammillary bodies, septum, hypothalamus and epithalamus to regulate the ascending noradrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic systems, performing declarative memory consolidation and recall. Recent studies have revealed that, less sensitive to familiarity, the hippocampus functions via the fornix, mammillary bodies and hypothalamus for memory recall. Lesions to the thalamic nuclei were complicated with damage to adjacent fornix, stria medullar

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Aggleton, John P. "Looking beyond the hippocampus: old and new neurological targets for understanding memory disorders." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1786 (2014): 20140565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0565.

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Although anterograde amnesia can occur after damage in various brain sites, hippocampal dysfunction is usually seen as the ultimate cause of the failure to learn new episodic information. This assumption is supported by anatomical evidence showing direct hippocampal connections with all other sites implicated in causing anterograde amnesia. Likewise, behavioural and clinical evidence would seem to strengthen the established notion of an episodic memory system emanating from the hippocampus. There is, however, growing evidence that key, interconnected sites may also regulate the hippocampus, re

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Shen, Kelly, Gleb Bezgin, Rajajee Selvam, Anthony R. McIntosh, and Jennifer D. Ryan. "An Anatomical Interface between Memory and Oculomotor Systems." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 11 (2016): 1772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01007.

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Visual behavior is guided by memories from prior experience and knowledge of the visual scene. The hippocampal system (HC), in particular, has been implicated in the guidance of saccades: Amnesic patients, following damage to the HC, exhibit selective deficits in their gaze patterns. However, the neural circuitry by which mnemonic representations influence the oculomotor system remains unknown. We used a data-driven, network-based approach on directed anatomical connectivity from the macaque brain to reveal an extensive set of polysnaptic pathways spanning the extrastriate, posterior parietal

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Pilly, Praveen K., and Stephen Grossberg. "How Do Spatial Learning and Memory Occur in the Brain? Coordinated Learning of Entorhinal Grid Cells and Hippocampal Place Cells." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 5 (2012): 1031–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00200.

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Spatial learning and memory are important for navigation and formation of episodic memories. The hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are key brain areas for spatial learning and memory. Place cells in hippocampus fire whenever an animal is located in a specific region in the environment. Grid cells in the superficial layers of MEC provide inputs to place cells and exhibit remarkable regular hexagonal spatial firing patterns. They also exhibit a gradient of spatial scales along the dorsoventral axis of the MEC, with neighboring cells at a given dorsoventral location having different

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Wang, Hao, Megumi T. Matsushita, Liang Zhang, et al. "Inducible and Conditional Stimulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Rescues Cadmium-Induced Impairments of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory in Mice." Toxicological Sciences 177, no. 1 (2020): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa104.

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Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal and an environmental pollutant. However, the full spectrum of its neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Our previous studies demonstrated that Cd exposure impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampus-dependent memory in mice. This study aims to determine if these adverse effects of Cd exposure can be mitigated by genetically and conditionally enhancing adult neurogenesis. To address this issue, we utilized the transgenic constitutive active MEK5 (caMEK5) mouse strain we previously developed and characterized.

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Fleischman, Debra A., Konstantinos Arfanakis, Sue Leurgans, et al. "Neopterin is associated with hippocampal subfield volumes and cognition in HIV." Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 5, no. 4 (2018): e467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000467.

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ObjectiveHIV infection sets off an immediate immune response and inflammatory cascade that can lead to neuronal injury and cognitive impairment, but the relationship between immune markers, regional brain volumes, and cognition remains understudied in HIV-infected adults.MethodsCross-sectional associations were examined between serum immune markers of activation (neopterin) and inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and C-reactive protein) with regional brain volumes (cortical, subcortical, total gray matter, hippocampus, and subfields) and cognition in 66 HIV-in

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Barnett, Alexander J., Walter Reilly, Halle R. Dimsdale-Zucker, Eda Mizrak, Zachariah Reagh, and Charan Ranganath. "Intrinsic connectivity reveals functionally distinct cortico-hippocampal networks in the human brain." PLOS Biology 19, no. 6 (2021): e3001275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001275.

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Episodic memory depends on interactions between the hippocampus and interconnected neocortical regions. Here, using data-driven analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we identified the networks that interact with the hippocampus—the default mode network (DMN) and a “medial temporal network” (MTN) that included regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and precuneus. We observed that the MTN plays a critical role in connecting the visual network to the DMN and hippocampus. The DMN could be further divided into 3 subnetworks: a “posterior medial” (PM) subnet

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Frank, Lea E., Caitlin R. Bowman, and Dagmar Zeithamova. "Differential Functional Connectivity along the Long Axis of the Hippocampus Aligns with Differential Role in Memory Specificity and Generalization." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 12 (2019): 1958–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01457.

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The hippocampus contributes to both remembering specific events and generalization across events. Recent work suggests that information may be represented along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus at varied levels of specificity: detailed representations in the posterior hippocampus and generalized representations in the anterior hippocampus. Similar distinctions are thought to exist within neocortex, with lateral prefrontal and lateral parietal regions supporting memory specificity and ventromedial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices supporting generalized memory. Here, we tested wh

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Falkai, P. "Clinical and neurobiological effects of aerobic endurance training in multi-episode schizophrenia patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.890.

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Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder characterised by positive, negative, affective and cognitive symptoms and can be viewed as a disorder of impaired neural plasticity. Aerobic exercise has a profound impact on the plasticity of the brain of both rodents and humans such as inducing the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells of the hippocampus in mice and rats. Aerobic exercise enhances LTP and leads to a better performance in hippocampus related memory tasks, eventually by increasing metabolic and synaptic plasticity related proteins in the hippocampus. In healthy hu

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Tsai, Sheng-Feng, Nai-Wen Ku, Tzu-Feng Wang, et al. "Long-Term Moderate Exercise Rescues Age-Related Decline in Hippocampal Neuronal Complexity and Memory." Gerontology 64, no. 6 (2018): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488589.

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Background: Aging impairs hippocampal neuroplasticity and hippocampus-related learning and memory. In contrast, exercise training is known to improve hippocampal neuronal function. However, whether exercise is capable of restoring memory function in old animals is less clear. Objective: Here, we investigated the effects of exercise on the hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory functions during aging. Methods: Young (3 months), middle-aged (9–12 months), and old (18 months) mice underwent moderate-intensity treadmill running training for 6 weeks, and their hippocampus-related learning and memor

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Chen, Bing, Yanjun Liu, Yirong Cai, et al. "Hippocampus is more vulnerable to neural damages induced by repeated sevoflurane exposure in the second trimester than other brain areas." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 52, no. 8 (2020): 864–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmaa060.

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Abstract During the rapidly developing and sensitive period of the central nervous system (CNS), a harmful stimulus may have serious consequences. The effect of anesthetic exposure on the development of the offspring’s CNS during pregnancy is still unclear and has been widely concerned. In the present study, we compared the susceptibility of the hippocampus with those of other brain regions in offsprings when the mother mice were exposed to repeated sevoflurane. We found that other than affecting motor sensation, emotion, or social behavior of offspring mice, repeated sevoflurane exposure indu

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Antsiferova, Anna A., Marina Yu Kopaeva, Vyacheslav N. Kochkin, Pavel K. Kashkarov, and Mikhail V. Kovalchuk. "Disturbance in Mammalian Cognition Caused by Accumulation of Silver in Brain." Toxics 9, no. 2 (2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9020030.

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The influence of daily prolonged administration of silver nanoparticles on the cognitive functions of a model mammal was studied. The accumulation of silver in the whole brain and the hippocampus, cerebellum, cortex and residual brain tissue of the mouse was investigated by highly precise and representative neutron activation analysis, and histological studies were conducted. Here, we show that long-term memory impairments were caused by the accumulation of silver nanoparticles in the brain and its subregions, such as the hippocampus, cerebellum and cortex, in a step-like manner by disturbance

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Nyberg, Lars, Nina Karalija, Alireza Salami, et al. "Dopamine D2 receptor availability is linked to hippocampal–caudate functional connectivity and episodic memory." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 28 (2016): 7918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606309113.

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D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (D1DRs and D2DRs) may contribute differently to various aspects of memory and cognition. The D1DR system has been linked to functions supported by the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, the role of the D2DR system is less clear, although it has been hypothesized that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognitive functions. Here we present results from 181 healthy adults between 64 and 68 y of age who underwent comprehensive assessment of episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed, along with MRI and D2DR assessment with [11C]raclopride a

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Islam, Md Nabiul, Yuya Sakimoto, Mir Rubayet Jahan, et al. "Androgen Affects the Inhibitory Avoidance Memory by Primarily Acting on Androgen Receptor in the Brain in Adolescent Male Rats." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020239.

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Adolescence is the critical postnatal stage for the action of androgen in multiple brain regions. Androgens can regulate the learning/memory functions in the brain. It is known that the inhibitory avoidance test can evaluate emotional memory and is believed to be dependent largely on the amygdala and hippocampus. However, the effects of androgen on inhibitory avoidance memory have never been reported in adolescent male rats. In the present study, the effects of androgen on inhibitory avoidance memory and on androgen receptor (AR)-immunoreactivity in the amygdala and hippocampus were studied us

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Hulst, Hanneke E., Menno M. Schoonheim, Quinten Van Geest, Bernard MJ Uitdehaag, Frederik Barkhof, and Jeroen JG Geurts. "Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis: Relevance of hippocampal activation and hippocampal connectivity." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 13 (2015): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458514567727.

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Background: Memory impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is unclear what functional brain changes underlie this cognitive deterioration. Objective: To investigate functional hippocampal activation and connectivity, in relation to memory performance in MS. Methods: Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for 57 MS patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs), yielding hippocampal measures of volume, lesions, functional activation during a memory task and functional connectivity at rest. Memory function was based on two subtests of a larger neuropsyc

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Qi, Yingqiang, Sanrong Wang, Yanmin Luo, et al. "Exercise-induced Nitric Oxide Contributes to Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Capillaries in Rats." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 13 (2020): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1195-2737.

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AbstractExercise has been argued to improve cognitive function in both humans and rodents. Angiogenesis significantly contributes to brain health, including cognition. The hippocampus is a crucial brain region for cognitive function. However, studies quantifying the capillary changes in the hippocampus after running exercise are lacking. Moreover, the molecular details underlying the effects of running exercise remain poorly understood. We show that endogenous nitric oxide contributes to the beneficial effects of running exercise on cognition and hippocampal capillaries. Four weeks of running

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Assari, Shervin, Shanika Boyce, and Tanja Jovanovic. "Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9–10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences." Children 8, no. 5 (2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8050411.

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Aim: This study tested sex differences in the association between hippocampal volume and working memory of a national sample of 9–10-year-old children in the US. As the hippocampus is functionally lateralized (especially in task-related activities), we explored the results for the right and the left hippocampus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data. This analysis included baseline ABCD data (n = 10,093) of children between ages 9 and 10 years. The predictor variable was right and left hippocampal volume measured by structur

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Urbach, Anja, Eileen Baum, Falko Braun, and Otto W. Witte. "Cortical spreading depolarization increases adult neurogenesis, and alters behavior and hippocampus-dependent memory in mice." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 5 (2016): 1776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16643736.

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Cortical spreading depolarizations are an epiphenomenon of human brain pathologies and associated with extensive but transient changes in ion homeostasis, metabolism, and blood flow. Previously, we have shown that cortical spreading depolarization have long-lasting consequences on the brains transcriptome and structure. In particular, we found that cortical spreading depolarization stimulate hippocampal cell proliferation resulting in a sustained increase in adult neurogenesis. Since the hippocampus is responsible for explicit memory and adult-born dentate granule neurons contribute to this fu

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Dias, Paula, Viviane Freiberger, Letícia Ventura, et al. "Late Brain Involvement after Neonatal Immune Activation." BioMed Research International 2019 (August 5, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9573248.

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The neonatal immune system is still immature, which makes it more susceptible to the infectious agents. Neonatal immune activation is associated with increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, causing an inflammatory cascade in the CNS and altering behavioral and neurochemical parameters. One of the hypotheses that has been studied is that neuroinflammation may be involved in neurodegenerative processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluate visuospatial memory, cytokines levels, and the expression of tau and GSK-3β proteins in hippocampus and cortex of animals exposed to neona

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Kahn, Itamar, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna, Justin L. Vincent, Abraham Z. Snyder, and Randy L. Buckner. "Distinct Cortical Anatomy Linked to Subregions of the Medial Temporal Lobe Revealed by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 1 (2008): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00077.2008.

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The hippocampus and adjacent cortical structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contribute to memory through interactions with distributed brain areas. Studies of monkey and rodent anatomy suggest that parallel pathways converge on distinct subregions of the MTL. To explore the cortical areas linked to subregions of the MTL in humans, we examined cortico-cortical and hippocampal-cortical correlations using high-resolution, functional connectivity analysis in 100 individuals. MTL seed regions extended along the anterior to posterior axis and included hippocampus and adjacent structures. Resu

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Thakral, Preston P., Kevin P. Madore, Sarah E. Kalinowski, and Daniel L. Schacter. "Modulation of hippocampal brain networks produces changes in episodic simulation and divergent thinking." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 23 (2020): 12729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003535117.

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Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that a core network of brain regions, including the hippocampus, is jointly recruited during episodic memory, episodic simulation, and divergent creative thinking. Because fMRI data are correlational, it is unknown whether activity increases in the hippocampus, and the core network more broadly, play a causal role in episodic simulation and divergent thinking. Here we employed fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess whether temporary disruption of hippocampal brain networks impairs both episodic simulatio

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Benetti, Fernando, Cristiane Regina Guerino Furini, Jociane de Carvalho Myskiw, et al. "Histamine in the basolateral amygdala promotes inhibitory avoidance learning independently of hippocampus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 19 (2015): E2536—E2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506109112.

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Recent discoveries demonstrated that recruitment of alternative brain circuits permits compensation of memory impairments following damage to brain regions specialized in integrating and/or storing specific memories, including both dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Here, we first report that the integrity of the brain histaminergic system is necessary for long-term, but not for short-term memory of step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). Second, we found that phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive-element-binding protein, a crucial mediator in long-te

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Jacobs, Joshua. "Hippocampal theta oscillations are slower in humans than in rodents: implications for models of spatial navigation and memory." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1635 (2014): 20130304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0304.

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The theta oscillation is a neuroscience enigma. When a rat runs through an environment, large-amplitude theta oscillations (4–10 Hz) reliably appear in the hippocampus's electrical activity. The consistency of this pattern led to theta playing a central role in theories on the neural basis of mammalian spatial navigation and memory. However, in fact, hippocampal oscillations at 4–10 Hz are rare in humans and in some other species. This presents a challenge for theories proposing theta as an essential component of the mammalian brain, including models of place and grid cells. Here, I examine th

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Kupferschmidt, David A., and Joshua A. Gordon. "The dynamics of disordered dialogue: Prefrontal, hippocampal and thalamic miscommunication underlying working memory deficits in schizophrenia." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 2 (January 1, 2018): 239821281877182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818771821.

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The prefrontal cortex is central to the orchestrated brain network communication that gives rise to working memory and other cognitive functions. Accordingly, working memory deficits in schizophrenia are increasingly thought to derive from prefrontal cortex dysfunction coupled with broader network disconnectivity. How the prefrontal cortex dynamically communicates with its distal network partners to support working memory and how this communication is disrupted in individuals with schizophrenia remain unclear. Here we review recent evidence that prefrontal cortex communication with the hippoca

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Mannie, Z. N., N. Filippini, C. Williams, J. Near, C. E. Mackay, and P. J. Cowen. "Structural and functional imaging of the hippocampus in young people at familial risk of depression." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 14 (2014): 2939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000580.

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BackgroundMajor depression is associated with abnormalities in the function and structure of the hippocampus. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities might also be present in people ‘at risk’ of illness.MethodWe studied 62 young people (mean age 18.8 years) at familial risk of depression (FH+) but who had never been depressed themselves. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess hippocampal structure and neural responses to a task designed to activate hippocampal memory networks. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure levels of a combination of glutami

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Planche, Vincent, Aurélie Ruet, Pierrick Coupé, et al. "Hippocampal microstructural damage correlates with memory impairment in clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 9 (2016): 1214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516675750.

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Objective: We investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reveal early hippocampal damage and clinically relevant correlates of memory impairment in persons with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 37 persons with CIS, 32 with MS and 36 controls prospectively included from 2011 to 2014 were tested for cognitive performances and scanned with 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess volumetric and DTI changes within the hippocampus, whole brain volume and T2-lesion load. Results: While there was no hippocampal atrophy i

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Staley Shumaker, B., S. Amano, A. Nolty, and M. Harrington. "C-08 Hippocampal Volume in a Cognitively Healthy Population Scoring Within Normal Limits on Cognitive Tasks." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2019): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.170.

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Abstract Objective Our aim was to investigate hippocampal volume in a cognitively healthy aging population that scored within normal limits on neuropsychological testing. Decreased hippocampal volume was expected to predict decreased memory performance, and not expected to predict executive function. Method A cross-sectional design was conducted from archival data at Huntington Medical Research Institutes. The sample consisted of 35 older adults (63-89 years) with college degrees or higher. Hippocampal volume and intracranial volume were obtained via MRI, and neuropsychological assessment meas

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