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Journal articles on the topic 'Hippocampus (brain)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Ismael, Saifudeen, Golnoush Mirzahosseini, Heba A. Ahmed, Arum Yoo, Modar Kassan, Kafait U. Malik, and Tauheed Ishrat. "Renin-Angiotensin System Alterations in the Human Alzheimer’s Disease Brain." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 84, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 1473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215051.

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Background: Understanding Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in terms of its various pathophysiological pathways is essential to unravel the complex nature of the disease process and identify potential therapeutic targets. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in several brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and AD. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAS components in postmortem cortical and hippocampal brain samples obtained from AD versus non-AD individuals. Methods: We analyzed RAS components in the cortex and

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Leskinen, Sandra, Harshal Shah, Morana Vojnic, Beril Yaffe, Shonna Schneider, Randy D'Amico, and A. Gabriella Wernicke. "RADT-03. A CASE OF PARTIAL HIPPOCAMPAL-AVOIDANCE WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH METASTATIC INFILTRATION OF THE LEFT HIPPOCAMPUS." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (November 1, 2023): v48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0192.

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Abstract In addition to surgical resection and systemic therapy, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a crucial modality in the treatment of cancers that have metastasized to the brain. It has been shown to improve intracranial disease control and overall survival. However, WBRT also increases the risk of radiation-associated damage to sensitive structures like the hippocampus, often resulting in neurocognitive dysfunction and decline. Hippocampal avoidance WBRT (HAWBRT) has been shown to reduce neurocognitive sequalae without worsening survival outcomes or increasing the risk of metastasis to t

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Spivak, Yulia S., Anna A. Karan, Yulia V. Dobryakova, Tatiana M. Medvedeva, Vladimir A. Markevich, and Alexey P. Bolshakov. "Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Septal Area Can Modulate Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats under Urethane Anesthesia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116034.

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We studied the effects of stimulation of the medial septal area on the gene expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Rats under urethane anesthesia were implanted with a recording electrode in the right hippocampus and stimulating electrode in the dorsal medial septum (dMS) or medial septal nucleus (MSN). After one-hour-long deep brain stimulation, we collected ipsi- and contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi. Quantitative PCR showed that deep brain stimulation did not cause any changes in the intact contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi. A comparison of ipsi- and contralat

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Goda, Jayant S., Debnarayan Dutta, Uday Krishna, Savita Goswami, Vikas Kothavade, Sadhna Kannan, Madan Maitre, Nazia Bano, Tejpal Gupta, and Rakesh Jalali. "Hippocampal radiotherapy dose constraints for predicting long-term neurocognitive outcomes: mature data from a prospective trial in young patients with brain tumors." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 11 (March 30, 2020): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa076.

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Abstract Background Hippocampus is considered to be the seat for neurocognitive functions. Avoidance of hippocampus during radiotherapy to brain may serve to preserve various domains of neurocognition. We aimed to derive radiotherapy dose constraints to hippocampi for preserving neurocognition in young patients with brain tumors by measuring various neurocognitive parameters. Methods Forty-eight patients with residual/progressive benign or low-grade brain tumors treated with stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) to a dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions underwent prospective neuropsychological a

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Kazda, Tomas, Adela Misove, Petr Burkon, Petr Pospisil, Ludmila Hynkova, Iveta Selingerova, Adam Dziacky, et al. "Incidence of Hippocampal Metastases: Laterality and Implications for Unilateral Hippocampal Avoiding Whole Brain Radiotherapy." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2459608.

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Introduction. Hippocampi sparing whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is an evolving approach in the treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases, pursuing mitigation of verbal memory decline as a consequence of hippocampal radiation injury. Accumulating data are showing different postradiotherapy changes in the left and right hippocampus with a theoretical proposal of only unilateral (dominant, left) hippocampal sparing during WBRT. Method. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe spatial distribution of brain metastases on MRI in a cohort of 260 patients (2595 metastases) and to

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Henin, Simon, Anita Shankar, Helen Borges, Adeen Flinker, Werner Doyle, Daniel Friedman, Orrin Devinsky, György Buzsáki, and Anli Liu. "Spatiotemporal dynamics between interictal epileptiform discharges and ripples during associative memory processing." Brain 144, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab044.

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Abstract We describe the spatiotemporal course of cortical high-gamma activity, hippocampal ripple activity and interictal epileptiform discharges during an associative memory task in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing invasive EEG. Successful encoding trials manifested significantly greater high-gamma activity in hippocampus and frontal regions. Successful cued recall trials manifested sustained high-gamma activity in hippocampus compared to failed responses. Hippocampal ripple rates were greater during successful encoding and retrieval trials. Interictal epileptiform discharges during encoding

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Davidson, Terry L., and Richard J. Stevenson. "Vulnerability of the Hippocampus to Insults: Links to Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041991.

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The hippocampus is a critical brain substrate for learning and memory; events that harm the hippocampus can seriously impair mental and behavioral functioning. Hippocampal pathophysiologies have been identified as potential causes and effects of a remarkably diverse array of medical diseases, psychological disorders, and environmental sources of damage. It may be that the hippocampus is more vulnerable than other brain areas to insults that are related to these conditions. One purpose of this review is to assess the vulnerability of the hippocampus to the most prevalent types of insults in mul

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Zhang, Jia-He, Takashi Tasaki, Manabu Tsukamoto, Ke-Yong Wang, Kin-ya Kubo, and Kagaku Azuma. "Deletion of Wnt10a Is Implicated in Hippocampal Neurodegeneration in Mice." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071500.

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The hippocampus plays an important role in maintaining normal cognitive function and is closely associated with the neuropathogenesis of dementia. Wnt signaling is relevant to neuronal development and maturation, synaptic formation, and plasticity. The role of Wnt10a in hippocampus-associated cognition, however, is largely unclear. Here, we examined the morphological and functional alterations in the hippocampus of Wnt10a-knockout (Wnt10a-/-) mice. Neurobehavioral tests revealed that Wnt10a-/- mice exhibited spatial memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Immunostaining and Western blot f

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Zhang, X.-D., L.-R. Zhao, J.-M. Zhou, Y.-Y. Su, J. Ke, Y. Cheng, J.-L. Li, and W. Shen. "Altered hippocampal functional connectivity in primary Sjögren syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study." Lupus 29, no. 5 (February 19, 2020): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320908936.

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Structural and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus have been associated with the pathophysiological mechanism of central nervous system involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Nevertheless, how hippocampal function is altered in pSS remains unknown. The purpose of our study is to investigate the alterations in hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) in pSS by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thirty-eight patients with pSS and 38 age- and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. Prior to e

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Perosa, Valentina, Anastasia Priester, Gabriel Ziegler, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Laura Dobisch, Marco Spallazzi, Anne Assmann, et al. "Hippocampal vascular reserve associated with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume." Brain 143, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz383.

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Abstract Medial temporal lobe dependent cognitive functions are highly vulnerable to hypoxia in the hippocampal region, yet little is known about the relationship between the richness of hippocampal vascular supply and cognition. Hippocampal vascularization patterns have been categorized into a mixed supply from both the posterior cerebral artery and the anterior choroidal artery or a single supply by the posterior cerebral artery only. Hippocampal arteries are small and affected by pathological changes when cerebral small vessel disease is present. We hypothesized, that hippocampal vasculariz

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Romagnoli, Martina, Elisa Porcellini, Ilaria Carbone, Robert Veerhuis, and Federico Licastro. "Impaired Innate Immunity Mechanisms in the Brain of Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031126.

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Among environmental factors likely associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), persistent virus infections, and age-related progressive decline of immune competence might play a pivotal role. However, AD antimicrobial brain immune responses are poorly investigated. The present study focused on genes involved in antimicrobial defenses, especially against virus infections, in the AD brain. In particular, mRNA levels of IRF7, MED23, IL28B, and IFN-α genes were analyzed in hippocampus and temporal cortex brain samples from AD and non-demented controls. All subjects were also genotyped for APOE ε, IR

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Green, C. R., L. T. Watts, S. M. Kobus, G. I. Henderson, J. N. Reynolds та J. F. Brien. "Effects of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure on mitochondrial glutathione and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations in the hippocampus of the perinatal guinea pig". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, № 5 (2006): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd05128.

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It is hypothesised that oxidative stress is a key mechanism of ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenicity, resulting in altered endogenous antioxidant status and increased membrane lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure (CPEE) offspring. To test this hypothesis, timed pregnant guinea-pigs (term, approximately gestational day (GD) 68) received chronic daily oral administration of (i) 4 g ethanol kg–1 maternal bodyweight, (ii) isocaloric sucrose with pair feeding, or (iii) water. At GD 65 (term fetus) and postnatal day (PD) 0 (neonate), individual offspring were

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Stojanovic, Tamara, David Velarde Gamez, Gabor Jorrid Schuld, Daniel Bormann, Maureen Cabatic, Pavel Uhrin, Gert Lubec, and Francisco J. Monje. "Age-Dependent and Pathway-Specific Bimodal Action of Nicotine on Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Mice Lacking the miR-132/212 Genes." Cells 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11020261.

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Nicotine addiction develops predominantly during human adolescence through smoking. Self-administration experiments in rodents verify this biological preponderance to adolescence, suggesting evolutionary-conserved and age-defined mechanisms which influence the susceptibility to nicotine addiction. The hippocampus, a brain region linked to drug-related memory storage, undergoes major morpho-functional restructuring during adolescence and is strongly affected by nicotine stimulation. However, the signaling mechanisms shaping the effects of nicotine in young vs. adult brains remain unclear. Micro

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Komoltsev, Ilia G., and Natalia V. Gulyaeva. "Brain Trauma, Glucocorticoids and Neuroinflammation: Dangerous Liaisons for the Hippocampus." Biomedicines 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051139.

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Glucocorticoid-dependent mechanisms of inflammation-mediated distant hippocampal damage are discussed with a focus on the consequences of traumatic brain injury. The effects of glucocorticoids on specific neuronal populations in the hippocampus depend on their concentration, duration of exposure and cell type. Previous stress and elevated level of glucocorticoids prior to pro-inflammatory impact, as well as long-term though moderate elevation of glucocorticoids, may inflate pro-inflammatory effects. Glucocorticoid-mediated long-lasting neuronal circuit changes in the hippocampus after brain tr

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Sudarman, A. Gunawan Santoso, Fatimah, Rasyid, and Leny Latifah. "Volumetric Hippocampal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electroenchepalogram OF Epilepsy." International Journal of Advanced Technology and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijatss.v2i2.1433.

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Hippocampal volumetry is a method of measuring the volume or size of hippocampal structures in the brain, can be used as a diagnostic aid and monitoring of disease progression conditions or neurological disorders as well as response to treatment. Analyze volumetric measurement of Hippocampus MRI examination Brain 3D T2 FSE with EEG study results in cases of Epilepsy. Patient data was obtained through MRI examination of Brain 3D T2 FSE to measure volumetric hippocampus. These volumetric results are compared with EEG interpretation in cases of epilepsy. Statistical analysis was performed to iden

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Konopka-Filippow, Monika, Ewa Sierko, Dominika Hempel, Rafał Maksim, Natalia Samołyk-Kogaczewska, Tomasz Filipowski, Ewa Rożkowska, et al. "The Learning Curve and Inter-Observer Variability in Contouring the Hippocampus under the Hippocampal Sparing Guidelines of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0933." Current Oncology 29, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 2564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29040210.

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Hippocampal-sparing brain radiotherapy (HS-BRT) in cancer patients results in preservation of neurocognitive function after brain RT which can contribute to patients’ quality of life (QoL). The crucial element in HS-BRT treatment planning is appropriate contouring of the hippocampus. Ten doctors delineated the left and right hippocampus (LH and RH, respectively) on 10 patients’ virtual axial images of brain CT fused with T1-enhanced MRI (1 mm) according to the RTOG 0933 atlas recommendations. Variations in the spatial localization of the structure were described in three directions: right–left

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Cardilini, Adam P. A., Sarah Micallef, Valerie R. Bishop, Craig D. H. Sherman, Simone L. Meddle, and Katherine L. Buchanan. "Environmental Influences on Neuromorphology in the Non-Native Starling Sturnus vulgaris." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 92, no. 1-2 (2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491672.

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Cognitive traits are predicted to be under intense selection in animals moving into new environments and may determine the success, or otherwise, of dispersal and invasions. In particular, spatial information related to resource distribution is an important determinant of neural development. Spatial information is predicted to vary for invasive species encountering novel environments. However, few studies have tested how cognition or neural development varies intraspecifically within an invasive species. In Australia, the non-native common starling Sturnus vulgaris inhabits a range of habitats

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Miura, Kosei, Hiromasa Kurosaki, Nobuko Utsumi, and Hideyuki Sakurai. "Use of a Head-Tilting Baseplate During Tomotherapy to Shorten the Irradiation Time and Protect the Hippocampus and Lens in Hippocampal Sparing-Whole Brain Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 20 (January 1, 2021): 153303382098682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820986824.

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the possibility of reducing the exposure dose to organs at risk, such as the hippocampus and lens, and improving the dose distribution of the planned target volume with and without the use of a head-tilting base plate in hippocampal-sparing whole-brain radiotherapy using tomotherapy. Methods: Five paired images of planned head computed tomography without and with tilt were analyzed. The hippocampus and planning target volume were contoured according to the RTOG 0933 contouring atlas protocol. The hippocampal zone to be avoided was deli

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Kouhnavardi, Shima, Maureen Cabatic, M. Carmen Mañas-Padilla, Marife-Astrid Malabanan, Tarik Smani, Ana Cicvaric, Edison Alejandro Muñoz Aranzalez, et al. "miRNA-132/212 Deficiency Disrupts Selective Corticosterone Modulation of Dorsal vs. Ventral Hippocampal Metaplasticity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (May 31, 2023): 9565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119565.

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Cortisol is a potent human steroid hormone that plays key roles in the central nervous system, influencing processes such as brain neuronal synaptic plasticity and regulating the expression of emotional and behavioral responses. The relevance of cortisol stands out in the disease, as its dysregulation is associated with debilitating conditions such as Alzheimer’s Disease, chronic stress, anxiety and depression. Among other brain regions, cortisol importantly influences the function of the hippocampus, a structure central for memory and emotional information processing. The mechanisms fine-tuni

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Dexte, Micki. "Brain Atrophy Rates in Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/009.

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The objectives of this study were to (1) compare atrophy rates associated with normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) using the semi-automated Boundary Shift Integral (BSI) method and manual tracing of the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus and (2) calculate power of BSI vs. ERC and hippocampal volume changes for clinical trials in AD. We quantified whole brain and ventricular BSI atrophy rates and ERC and hippocampal atrophy rates from longitudinal MRI data in 20 AD patients and 22 age-matched healthy controls.

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Dexte, Micki. "Brain Atrophy Rates in Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/009.

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The objectives of this study were to (1) compare atrophy rates associated with normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) using the semi-automated Boundary Shift Integral (BSI) method and manual tracing of the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus and (2) calculate power of BSI vs. ERC and hippocampal volume changes for clinical trials in AD. We quantified whole brain and ventricular BSI atrophy rates and ERC and hippocampal atrophy rates from longitudinal MRI data in 20 AD patients and 22 age-matched healthy controls.

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Crum, W. R., F. Danckaers, T. Huysmans, M. C. Cotel, S. Natesan, M. M. Modo, J. Sijbers, S. C. R. Williams, S. Kapur, and A. C. Vernon. "Chronic exposure to haloperidol and olanzapine leads to common and divergent shape changes in the rat hippocampus in the absence of grey-matter volume loss." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 15 (August 12, 2016): 3081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716001768.

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BackgroundOne of the most consistently reported brain abnormalities in schizophrenia (SCZ) is decreased volume and shape deformation of the hippocampus. However, the potential contribution of chronic antipsychotic medication exposure to these phenomena remains unclear.MethodWe examined the effect of chronic exposure (8 weeks) to clinically relevant doses of either haloperidol (HAL) or olanzapine (OLZ) on adult rat hippocampal volume and shape using ex vivo structural MRI with the brain retained inside the cranium to prevent distortions due to dissection, followed by tensor-based morphometry (T

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Chandra, Sawarya. "Hippocampus Prosthesis for Memory Impairment." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2023): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54431.

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Abstract: Hippocampus is the area of the brain that is vital for functions as learning, memory and mood setting. It also reacts to injury or neurodegeneration with robust plasticity. Damage to the hippocampus leads to loss of ability to convert short-term memory to new long-term memories. This can happen due to epilepsy, stroke, dimentia or head injuries. Hippocampal injuries typically lead to cognitive dysfunction, depression, and/or epilepsy. Neural stem cell grafting early after injury has promise for preventing neurological deficits. It modulates aberrant hippocampal post-injury plasticity

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Hristova, Katerina, Cristina Martinez-Gonzalez, Thomas C. Watson, Neela K. Codadu, Kevan Hashemi, Peter C. Kind, Matthew F. Nolan, and Alfredo Gonzalez-Sulser. "Medial septal GABAergic neurons reduce seizure duration upon optogenetic closed-loop stimulation." Brain 144, no. 5 (March 26, 2021): 1576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab042.

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Abstract Seizures can emerge from multiple or large foci in temporal lobe epilepsy, complicating focally targeted strategies such as surgical resection or the modulation of the activity of specific hippocampal neuronal populations through genetic or optogenetic techniques. Here, we evaluate a strategy in which optogenetic activation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, which provide extensive projections throughout the hippocampus, is used to control seizures. We utilized the chronic intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, which results in spontaneous seizures and as is

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Chan, Russell W., Alex T. L. Leong, Leon C. Ho, Patrick P. Gao, Eddie C. Wong, Celia M. Dong, Xunda Wang, et al. "Low-frequency hippocampal–cortical activity drives brain-wide resting-state functional MRI connectivity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (July 31, 2017): E6972—E6981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703309114.

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The hippocampus, including the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), and cortex engage in bidirectional communication. We propose that low-frequency activity in hippocampal–cortical pathways contributes to brain-wide resting-state connectivity to integrate sensory information. Using optogenetic stimulation and brain-wide fMRI and resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI), we determined the large-scale effects of spatiotemporal-specific downstream propagation of hippocampal activity. Low-frequency (1 Hz), but not high-frequency (40 Hz), stimulation of dDG excitatory neurons evoked robust cortical and subcortical brain

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Velakoulis, Dennis, Stephen J. Wood, Patrick D. McGorry, and Christos Pantelis. "Evidence for Progression of Brain Structural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: Beyond the Neurodevelopmental Model." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): A113—A126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486740003401s17.

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Objective Clinical, neuroimaging, neuropathological and neuropsychological evidence suggests that, in schizophrenia, there is structural and functional disturbance of the hippocampus. The purpose of this paper is to present published findings concerning the nature, timing and course of these putative disturbances of hippocampal function and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, and to explore whether schizophrenia is a disorder of neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration or a combination of both processes. Method The available cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence for hippocampal involvem

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Kaverina, Mariya, Arina Kuleva, and Olga Krotkova. "The Role of the Hippocampus in Detecting the Novelty of Impressions: A Literature Review." Russian Journal of Cognitive Science 9, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2022): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47010/22.1-2.2.

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The article presents a review of modern studies of the hippocampus’s functions in the implementation of cognitive phenomena, a review which covers a wide range of experimental areas, including high-precision brain morphometry, functional neuroimaging, electroencephalography, deep navigational electrode implantation, and dosed radiation effects on the brain. Literary sources demonstrate the involvement of the hippocampus in almost all spheres and aspects of human mental activity, from memory to eye movements, from circadian rhythms to spatial navigation. The literature review allows us to gener

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Shen, Renrui. "How Fructose Affects the Hippocampus." Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 3, no. 3 (September 24, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jcmr.v3i3.951.

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This review explores the effects of fructose on the hippocampus: hippocampal function and structure, hippocampal neurogenesis, and hippocampal cognitive function. First, this result confirms that excess fructose intake affects the microstructure of pathways connecting the hippocampus to other brain areas. Fructose has the potential to affect neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and a diet high in fructose can impair learning and memory, leading to cognitive impairment. However, further research is needed to apply animal experiments to humans in the future. The literature review focused on the effe

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Hall, Matthew, Yazmin Odia, Toba Niazi, Reshma Naidoo, Golnar Alamdari, Rupesh Kotecha, Martin Tom, et al. "RADT-35. CHANGE IN HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME AS A FUNCTION OF RADIATION DOSE: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE TRIAL WITH STANDARDIZED IMAGING AND MORPHOMETRIC EVALUATION." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.192.

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Abstract PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES MRIs in pediatric and adult brain tumor patients (Age&lt; 35) were prospectively collected at baseline and during follow-up to measure volumetric changes in multiple brain substructures with neurocognitive, laboratory, and quality-of-life assessments. In this planned interim analysis, we model early outcomes for change in hippocampal volume at 6 months following radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS As of 5/15/2021, 50 patients enrolled on this prospective study and 41 completed 6-month post-treatment assessments after fractionated intensity-modulated proton thera

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He, Bing Song, Xue Ping Zhang, and Yong Gang Shi. "Hippocampus Segmentation Techniques: A Survey." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 2086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.2086.

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Since the volume of hippocampal formation has been found to be an early biomarker for MCI and Alzheimer's disease, hippocampus segmentation plays a significant role in clinical diagnosis. Because hippocampus in MR images presents features of low contrast, low signal-to-noise ratio and discontinuous boundaries, accurate segmentation still remains a challenging task. We presented a survey of the methods used to segment the hippocampal formation in MR images of human brain and concluded with a discussion on the trend of the future research in hippocampus segmentation.

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Ang, Mary Jasmin, Sueun Lee, Mai Wada, Poornima D. E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage, Sung-Ho Kim, Taekyun Shin, Tae-Il Jeon, Seung-Soon Im, and Changjong Moon. "SREBP-1c Deficiency Affects Hippocampal Micromorphometry and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Ability in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116103.

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Changes in structural and functional neuroplasticity have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is a critical regulatory molecule of lipid homeostasis in the brain. Recently, our findings have shown the potential involvement of SREBP-1c deficiency in the alteration of novel modulatory molecules in the hippocampus and occurrence of schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. However, the possible underlying mechanisms, related to neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus, are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the hippoc

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Pereira, D., M. Freschi, R. Frittoli, A. C. Londe, T. Amaral, S. Dertkigil, A. P. Del Rio, F. Cendes, L. Rittner, and S. Appenzeller. "AB0457 HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELDS VOLUMES REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) VOLUMETRIC STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1255.2–1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3815.

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Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease characterized by functional and structural abnormalities of small blood vessels, fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. In addition, volume reduction and shape abnormality of the hippocampus have been demonstrated in rheumatic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroanatomy of the hippocampus is complex and is not a uniform structure, consisting of subfields with distinct morphology: cornu ammonis (CA) subfields CA1–4, dentate gyrus (DG), fimbria, and adjacent subiculum and presubiculum [1].Objectives:To investigate the

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Vikner, Tomas, Anders Eklund, Nina Karalija, Jan Malm, Katrine Riklund, Ulman Lindenberger, Lars Bäckman, Lars Nyberg, and Anders Wåhlin. "Cerebral arterial pulsatility is linked to hippocampal microvascular function and episodic memory in healthy older adults." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 41, no. 7 (January 14, 2021): 1778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x20980652.

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Microvascular damage in the hippocampus is emerging as a central cause of cognitive decline and dementia in aging. This could be a consequence of age-related decreases in vascular elasticity, exposing hippocampal capillaries to excessive cardiac-related pulsatile flow that disrupts the blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. Previous studies have found altered intracranial hemodynamics in cognitive impairment and dementia, as well as negative associations between pulsatility and hippocampal volume. However, evidence linking features of the cerebral arterial flow waveform to hippocampal

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Zhang, Yi, Chengxuan Qiu, Olof Lindberg, Lena Bronge, Peter Aspelin, Lars Bäckman, Laura Fratiglioni, and Lars-Olof Wahlund. "Acceleration of hippocampal atrophy in a non-demented elderly population: the SNAC-K study." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 1 (December 4, 2009): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991396.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes not only AD-specific brain atrophy but also the atrophy induced by normal aging. Atrophy of the hippocampus has been one diagnostic marker of AD, but it was also found to emerge in healthy adults, along with increasing age. It was reported that the important age when age-related shrinkage of the hippocampus starts was around the mid-40s. The aim is to study the aging atrophy speed and acceleration of brain atrophy in a cross-sectional database, to identify the age at which acceleration of hippocampal atrophy starts in non-de

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King, R., D. Jecmen, A. Alkozei, A. C. Raikes, M. A. Grandner, and W. D. Killgore. "0082 Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Adult Population is Associated with Habitual Sleep Duration." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A33—A34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.080.

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Abstract Introduction The hippocampus is well known for its role in sleep and memory consolidation in adolescents, and has been shown to demonstrate neural plasticity and neuronal regeneration. However, the relationship between sleep and hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy adults remains to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that total sleep time (TST), as measured by actigraphy, would correlate positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus, a key memory region of the brain. Methods Forty-five healthy normal sleeping adults between 20–45 years of age wore an actigraph

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Bellani, Marcella, Monica Baiano, and Paolo Brambilla. "Brain anatomy of major depression I. Focus on hippocampus." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 2010): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000634.

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Pignataro, Giuseppe, Samaneh Maysami, Francesca E. Studer, Andrew Wilz, Roger P. Simon, and Detlev Boison. "Downregulation of Hippocampal Adenosine Kinase after Focal Ischemia as Potential Endogenous Neuroprotective Mechanism." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 28, no. 1 (April 25, 2007): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600499.

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The rate of ischemic brain injury varies with the brain region, requiring only hours in striatum but days in hippocampus. Such maturation implies the existence of endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. Adenosine is an endogenous neuroprotectant regulated by adenosine kinase (ADK). To investigate, whether adenosine might play a role in protecting the hippocampus after focal ischemia, we subjected transgenic mice, which overexpress ADK in hippocampal neurons (Adk-tg mice) to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Although the hippocampus of wild-type (wt) mice was consistently spared

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Zach, P., A. Bartoš, A. Lagutina, Z. Wurst, P. Gallina, T. Rai, K. Kieslich, et al. "Easy Identification of Optimal Coronal Slice on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Hippocampal Area in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 24, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5894021.

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Introduction. Measurement of an- hippocampal area or volume is useful in clinical practice as a supportive aid for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Since it is time-consuming and not simple, it is not being used very often. We present a simplified protocol for hippocampal atrophy evaluation based on a single optimal slice in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods. We defined a single optimal slice for hippocampal measurement on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the plane where the amygdala disappears and only the hippocampus is present. We compared an absolute area and volume of the hippocampus

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Fajnerová, Iveta, David Greguš, Jaroslav Hlinka, Tereza Nekovářová, Antonín Škoch, Tomáš Zítka, Jan Romportl, Eva Žáčková, and Jiří Horáček. "Could Prolonged Usage of GPS Navigation Implemented in Augmented Reality Smart Glasses Affect Hippocampal Functional Connectivity?" BioMed Research International 2018 (June 13, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2716134.

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Background. Augmented reality (AR) glasses with GPS navigation represent the rapidly evolving technology which spares (and externalizes) navigational capacities. Regarding the expected everyday usage of this device, its impact on neuroplastic brain changes and navigation abilities should be evaluated. Aims. This study aimed to assess possible changes in functional connectivity (FC) of hippocampus and other brain regions involved in spatial navigation. Methods. Thirty-three healthy participants completed two resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) measurements at the baseli

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Falkai, P. "Clinical and neurobiological effects of aerobic endurance training in multi-episode schizophrenia patients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.890.

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Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder characterised by positive, negative, affective and cognitive symptoms and can be viewed as a disorder of impaired neural plasticity. Aerobic exercise has a profound impact on the plasticity of the brain of both rodents and humans such as inducing the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells of the hippocampus in mice and rats. Aerobic exercise enhances LTP and leads to a better performance in hippocampus related memory tasks, eventually by increasing metabolic and synaptic plasticity related proteins in the hippocampus. In healthy hu

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Sartim, Ariandra G., Amanda J. Sales, Francisco S. Guimarães, and Sâmia RL Joca. "Hippocampal mammalian target of rapamycin is implicated in stress-coping behavior induced by cannabidiol in the forced swim test." Journal of Psychopharmacology 32, no. 8 (July 3, 2018): 922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881118784877.

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Background: Cannabidiol is a non-psychotomimetic compound with antidepressant-like effects. However, the mechanisms and brain regions involved in cannabidiol effects are not yet completely understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin-receptor kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (BDNF-TrkB-mTOR) signaling, especially in limbic structures, seems to play a central role in mediating the effects of antidepressant drugs. Aim: Since it is not yet known if BDNF-TrkB-mTOR signaling in the hippocampus is critical to the antidepressant-like effects of cannabidiol, we investigated the effe

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Toh, You Sheng, and Carol Anne Hargreaves. "Analysis of 2D and 3D Convolution Models for Volumetric Segmentation of the Human Hippocampus." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 7, no. 2 (April 23, 2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020082.

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Extensive medical research has revealed evidence of a strong association between hippocampus atrophy and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore; segmentation of the hippocampus is an important task that can help clinicians and researchers in diagnosing cognitive impairment and uncovering the mechanisms behind hippocampal changes and diseases of the brain. The main aim of this paper was to provide a fair comparison of 2D and 3D convolution-based architectures for the specific task of hippocampus segmentation from brain MRI volumes to determine whether 3D convolution mo

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Hall, Matthew, Yazmin Odia, Katherine Von Werne, Toba Niazi, Ossama Maher, Ziad Khatib, Alexander Mohler, et al. "RONC-13. Change in hippocampus volume as a function of radiation dose: Results from a prospective trial with standardized imaging and morphometric evaluation." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.667.

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Abstract PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: MRIs were prospectively collected at baseline and during follow-up in pediatric and young adult brain tumor patients (Age&lt;35) to measure volumetric changes in multiple brain substructures with neurocognitive, laboratory, and quality-of-life assessments. In this planned interim analysis, we model early outcomes for change in hippocampal volume at 6 and 12 months following radiotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS: As of 2/6/2021, 60 patients enrolled on this prospective study and 41 completed 6 and 12-month post-treatment assessments after fractionated intensity-modula

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Nam, Sung, Misun Seo, Jin-Seok Seo, Hyewhon Rhim, Sang-Soep Nahm, Ik-Hyun Cho, Byung-Joon Chang, Hyeon-Joong Kim, Sun-Hye Choi, and Seung-Yeol Nah. "Ascorbic Acid Mitigates D-galactose-Induced Brain Aging by Increasing Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improving Memory Function." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010176.

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Ascorbic acid is essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. However, the effect of ascorbic acid on adult brain aging has not been determined. Long-term treatment with high levels of D-galactose (D-gal) induces brain aging by accumulated oxidative stress. In the present study, mice were subcutaneously administered with D-gal (150 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks; from the seventh week, ascorbic acid (150 mg/kg/day) was orally co-administered for four weeks. Although D-gal administration alone reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive functions, co-treatment of ascorbic acid with D-gal

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Pooja, Kumari, Sushma Tomar, Archana Rani, Manoj Kumar, and Sanjula Singh. "Volumetric study of Hippocampus by magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Anatomical Sciences 29, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.46351/jas.v29i1pp01-06.

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Introduction: Hippocampus is one of the major components of the brain, lies on ventral aspect of brain in temporal lobe of each cerebral hemisphere. It plays an important role in memory and therefore volumetric evaluation was done to establish normal values. The aim was to do a gender-wise comparison of right and left hippocampus volume in the age group of 21-40 years. Materials and methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was done in 50 patients (20 females and 30 males) of age 21-40 years with complaint of epilepsy or headache. Magnetic resonance imaging was done in 50 patients (20 females and 30

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Kurth, Florian, and Eileen Luders. "Hippocampal Asymmetry Increases with Age." Anatomia 2, no. 4 (October 16, 2023): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/anatomia2040029.

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It is unclear whether differences between the two brain hemispheres become larger or smaller with increasing age. Given that the hippocampus is particularly susceptible to age-related changes, here, we set out to investigate the correlation between chronological age and hippocampal asymmetry, both for the hippocampal complex as a whole and in cytoarchitectonically defined subregions (cornu ammonis 1, 2, 3, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex). We analyzed T1-weighted data of the brain from a sample of 725 healthy individuals (406 women/319 men) spanning a wide age range (36–100 yea

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Heller-Wight, Abi, Connor Phipps, Jennifer Sexton, Meghan Ramirez, and David E. Warren. "Hippocampal Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated with Physical Activity in Periadolescent Children." Brain Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 7, 2023): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111558.

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Periadolescence is a neurodevelopmental period characterized by structural and functional brain changes that are associated with cognitive maturation. The development of the functional connectivity of the hippocampus contributes to cognitive maturation, especially memory processes. Notably, hippocampal development is influenced by lifestyle factors, including physical activity. Physical activity has been associated with individual variability in hippocampal functional connectivity. However, this relationship has not been characterized in a developmental cohort. In this study, we aimed to fill

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Raja, Deepika, Sneha Ravichandran, Baskaran Chandrasekaran, Rajagopal Kadavigere, M. G. Ramesh Babu, Meshari Almeshari, Amjad R. Alyahyawi, Yasser Alzamil, Ahmad Abanomy, and Suresh Sukumar. "Association between Physical Activity Levels and Brain Volumes in Adults Visiting Radio-Imaging Center of Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417079.

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Background and aim: There is evidence to support the favorable impact of physical activity (PA) on brain volume. However, the empirical evidence exploring the relationship between physical and sedentary behavior remains mixed. We aimed to explore the relationship between PA and sedentary behavior and brain volume. Methods: The study sample (n = 150, mean age = 39.7 years) included patients interviewed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) who underwent an MRI brain scan. From the images obtained, we measured total intracranial, gray matter, and white matter volume along

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Castro, Carla Cristina Miranda, Sayonara Pereira Silva, Lívia Nascimento Rabelo, José Pablo Gonçalves Queiroz, Laura Damasceno Campos, Larissa Camila Silva, and Felipe Porto Fiuza. "Age, Education Years, and Biochemical Factors Are Associated with Selective Neuronal Changes in the Elderly Hippocampus." Cells 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11244033.

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Brain aging involves regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the human hippocampus: a network hub for memory consolidation. The present study investigates whether age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins influence neuronal-type marker expression in the elderly hippocampus. We analyzed the digital images (1 µm/pixel) of postmortem hippocampal sections from 19 non-demented individuals (from 78 to 99 years). This material was obtained from the “Aging Dementia and TBI Study” open database. Brain samples were processed throu

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Haggerty, Daniel C., and Daoyun Ji. "Initiation of sleep-dependent cortical-hippocampal correlations at wakefulness-sleep transition." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 7 (October 1, 2014): 1763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00783.2013.

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Sleep is involved in memory consolidation. Current theories propose that sleep-dependent memory consolidation requires active communication between the hippocampus and neocortex. Indeed, it is known that neuronal activities in the hippocampus and various neocortical areas are correlated during slow-wave sleep. However, transitioning from wakefulness to slow-wave sleep is a gradual process. How the hippocampal-cortical correlation is established during the wakefulness-sleep transition is unknown. By examining local field potentials and multiunit activities in the rat hippocampus and visual cort

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