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Journal articles on the topic 'Hippocampus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Babb, Thomas L. "Bilateral Pathological Damage in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 18, S4 (1991): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710003287x.

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ABSTRACT:Patients with drug-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy can be treated successfully with surgical resection of one temporal lobe, especially when the resection includes the hippocampus. Although intrahippocampal recordings usually localize seizure onsets to one hippocampus, there are bilaterally-independent interictal spikes, occasional contralateral seizure onsets and post-resection seizures that implicate contralateral damage and epileptogenicity. Post-mortem onquantified studies of both hippocampi in epileptics have revealed incidences of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, mostly being

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Dobryakova, Yulia V., Konstantin Gerasimov, Yulia S. Spivak, et al. "The Induction of Long-Term Potentiation by Medial Septum Activation under Urethane Anesthesia Can Alter Gene Expression in the Hippocampus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612970.

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We studied changes in the expression of early genes in hippocampal cells in response to stimulation of the dorsal medial septal area (dMSA), leading to long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Rats under urethane anesthesia were implanted with stimulating electrodes in the ventral hippocampal commissure and dMSA and a recording electrode in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. We found that high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the dMSA led to the induction of long-term potentiation in the synapses formed by the ventral hippocampal commissure on the hippocampal CA1 neurons. One hour after dMSA HFS

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Zhang, Jia-He, Takashi Tasaki, Manabu Tsukamoto, Ke-Yong Wang, Kin-ya Kubo, and Kagaku Azuma. "Deletion of Wnt10a Is Implicated in Hippocampal Neurodegeneration in Mice." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (2022): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071500.

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The hippocampus plays an important role in maintaining normal cognitive function and is closely associated with the neuropathogenesis of dementia. Wnt signaling is relevant to neuronal development and maturation, synaptic formation, and plasticity. The role of Wnt10a in hippocampus-associated cognition, however, is largely unclear. Here, we examined the morphological and functional alterations in the hippocampus of Wnt10a-knockout (Wnt10a-/-) mice. Neurobehavioral tests revealed that Wnt10a-/- mice exhibited spatial memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior. Immunostaining and Western blot f

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Spivak, Yulia S., Anna A. Karan, Yulia V. Dobryakova, Tatiana M. Medvedeva, Vladimir A. Markevich, and Alexey P. Bolshakov. "Deep Brain Stimulation of the Medial Septal Area Can Modulate Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Rats under Urethane Anesthesia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (2022): 6034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116034.

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We studied the effects of stimulation of the medial septal area on the gene expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Rats under urethane anesthesia were implanted with a recording electrode in the right hippocampus and stimulating electrode in the dorsal medial septum (dMS) or medial septal nucleus (MSN). After one-hour-long deep brain stimulation, we collected ipsi- and contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi. Quantitative PCR showed that deep brain stimulation did not cause any changes in the intact contralateral dorsal and ventral hippocampi. A comparison of ipsi- and contralat

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Goda, Jayant S., Debnarayan Dutta, Uday Krishna, et al. "Hippocampal radiotherapy dose constraints for predicting long-term neurocognitive outcomes: mature data from a prospective trial in young patients with brain tumors." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 11 (2020): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa076.

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Abstract Background Hippocampus is considered to be the seat for neurocognitive functions. Avoidance of hippocampus during radiotherapy to brain may serve to preserve various domains of neurocognition. We aimed to derive radiotherapy dose constraints to hippocampi for preserving neurocognition in young patients with brain tumors by measuring various neurocognitive parameters. Methods Forty-eight patients with residual/progressive benign or low-grade brain tumors treated with stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) to a dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions underwent prospective neuropsychological a

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Ang, Mary Jasmin, Sueun Lee, Mai Wada, et al. "SREBP-1c Deficiency Affects Hippocampal Micromorphometry and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Ability in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 6103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116103.

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Changes in structural and functional neuroplasticity have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is a critical regulatory molecule of lipid homeostasis in the brain. Recently, our findings have shown the potential involvement of SREBP-1c deficiency in the alteration of novel modulatory molecules in the hippocampus and occurrence of schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. However, the possible underlying mechanisms, related to neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus, are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the hippoc

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Seress, László, Hajnalka Ábrahám, Zsolt Horváth, et al. "Survival of mossy cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in humans with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 6 (2009): 1237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.11.jns08779.

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Object Hippocampal sclerosis can be identified in most patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Surgical removal of the sclerotic hippocampus is widely performed to treat patients with drug-resistant mesial TLE. In general, both epilepsy-prone and epilepsy-resistant neurons are believed to be in the hippocampal formation. The hilar mossy cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus are usually considered one of the most vulnerable types of neurons. The aim of this study was to clarify the fate of mossy cells in the hippocampus in epileptic humans. Methods Of the 19 patients included in thi

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Hanycz, Shaun Andrew, Alborz Noorani, Peter Shih-Ping Hung, et al. "Hippocampus diffusivity abnormalities in classical trigeminal neuralgia." PAIN Reports 9, no. 3 (2024): e1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000001159.

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Abstract Introduction: Patients with chronic pain frequently report cognitive symptoms that affect memory and attention, which are functions attributed to the hippocampus. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder characterized by paroxysmal attacks of unilateral orofacial pain. Given the stereotypical nature of TN pain and lack of negative symptoms including sensory loss, TN provides a unique model to investigate the hippocampal implications of chronic pain. Recent evidence demonstrated that TN is associated with macrostructural hippocampal abnormalities indicated by re

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Dias Duarte Machado, Luiz Gabriel, Lior Mevorach, Victor De Oliveira Corrêa, et al. "Study of hippocampal size and age." Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 125, no. 1 (2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ijae-11867.

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Objective (or background): The hippocampus is a thoroughly studied structure of the temporal lobe. In contrast to our current knowledge of hippocampal anatomy, neurophysiology and pathophysiology, scientific literature on the relationship between the hippocampal size and age is limited. Our study aims to further the understanding of this relationship. Methods: 16 hippocampi were anatomized, photographed, measured and analyzed in comparison to age and gender using Pearson and bootstrap analyses with IBM SPSS®. Results: The results for all three independent variables of size, age and gender were

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Leskinen, Sandra, Harshal Shah, Morana Vojnic, et al. "RADT-03. A CASE OF PARTIAL HIPPOCAMPAL-AVOIDANCE WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH METASTATIC INFILTRATION OF THE LEFT HIPPOCAMPUS." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (2023): v48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0192.

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Abstract In addition to surgical resection and systemic therapy, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a crucial modality in the treatment of cancers that have metastasized to the brain. It has been shown to improve intracranial disease control and overall survival. However, WBRT also increases the risk of radiation-associated damage to sensitive structures like the hippocampus, often resulting in neurocognitive dysfunction and decline. Hippocampal avoidance WBRT (HAWBRT) has been shown to reduce neurocognitive sequalae without worsening survival outcomes or increasing the risk of metastasis to t

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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage, Poornima D. E., Sohi Kang, Joong-Sun Kim, et al. "Transcriptome Profiling in the Hippocampi of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (2022): 14829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314829.

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Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), approximates the key histopathological, clinical, and immunological features of MS. Hippocampal dysfunction in MS and EAE causes varying degrees of cognitive and emotional impairments and synaptic abnormalities. However, the molecular alterations underlying hippocampal dysfunctions in MS and EAE are still under investigation. The purpose of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of mice with EAE in order to ascertain potential genes associated with hippocamp

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Espinal, Elizabeth, Akash Mishra, Evangelia G. Chrysikou, Ashesh Mehta, and Stephan Bickel. "5 Combining Neurophysiology and Behavioral Measures to Identify Biomarkers of Clinical and Preclinical Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Dysfunction." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723008524.

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Objective:Memory is a critical piece of the human experience and impairments in neural memory networks can have devastating consequences for the affected person. A subtype of memory, episodic memory generates context for the present based on past experience and allows us to make predictions about the future. Episodic memories become stable fixtures through long-term memory consolidation. It is believed that consolidation of episodic memory requires a dynamic interplay between connected hippocampal-cortical networks, mainly during sleep. Sleep oscillations, slow oscillations and thalamocortical

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Erdem, Atilla, M. Gazi Yaşargil, and Peter Roth. "Microsurgical anatomy of the hippocampal arteries." Journal of Neurosurgery 79, no. 2 (1993): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.79.2.0256.

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✓ An anatomical study of the vascularization of the hippocampus was performed on 30 hemispheres. There were a total of 140 arteries supplying the hippocampi, for an average of 4.7 arteries per hemisphere (range three to seven arteries). Based on the origin and caliber of the arteries supplying the hippocampus, the hemispheres were divided into five groups: A) in 57% of the hemispheres studied, the origin was mixed and included the anterior choroidal artery (AChA), the main trunk of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the inferior temporal, lateral posterior choroidal, and splenial branche

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Pereira, D., M. Freschi, R. Frittoli, et al. "AB0457 HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELDS VOLUMES REDUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) VOLUMETRIC STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 1255.2–1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3815.

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Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease characterized by functional and structural abnormalities of small blood vessels, fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. In addition, volume reduction and shape abnormality of the hippocampus have been demonstrated in rheumatic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroanatomy of the hippocampus is complex and is not a uniform structure, consisting of subfields with distinct morphology: cornu ammonis (CA) subfields CA1–4, dentate gyrus (DG), fimbria, and adjacent subiculum and presubiculum [1].Objectives:To investigate the

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Lathe, R. "Hormones and the hippocampus." Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 2 (2001): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1690205.

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Hippocampal lesions produce memory deficits, but the exact function of the hippocampus remains obscure. Evidence is presented that its role in memory may be ancillary to physiological regulation. Molecular studies demonstrate that the hippocampus is a primary target for ligands that reflect body physiology, including ion balance and blood pressure, immunity, pain, reproductive status, satiety and stress. Hippocampal receptors are functional, probably accessible to their ligands, and mediate physiological and cognitive changes. This argues that an early role of the hippocampus may have been in

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Green, C. R., L. T. Watts, S. M. Kobus, G. I. Henderson, J. N. Reynolds та J. F. Brien. "Effects of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure on mitochondrial glutathione and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentrations in the hippocampus of the perinatal guinea pig". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, № 5 (2006): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd05128.

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It is hypothesised that oxidative stress is a key mechanism of ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenicity, resulting in altered endogenous antioxidant status and increased membrane lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of chronic prenatal ethanol exposure (CPEE) offspring. To test this hypothesis, timed pregnant guinea-pigs (term, approximately gestational day (GD) 68) received chronic daily oral administration of (i) 4 g ethanol kg–1 maternal bodyweight, (ii) isocaloric sucrose with pair feeding, or (iii) water. At GD 65 (term fetus) and postnatal day (PD) 0 (neonate), individual offspring were

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Kazda, Tomas, Adela Misove, Petr Burkon, et al. "Incidence of Hippocampal Metastases: Laterality and Implications for Unilateral Hippocampal Avoiding Whole Brain Radiotherapy." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2459608.

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Introduction. Hippocampi sparing whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is an evolving approach in the treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases, pursuing mitigation of verbal memory decline as a consequence of hippocampal radiation injury. Accumulating data are showing different postradiotherapy changes in the left and right hippocampus with a theoretical proposal of only unilateral (dominant, left) hippocampal sparing during WBRT. Method. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe spatial distribution of brain metastases on MRI in a cohort of 260 patients (2595 metastases) and to

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Kouhnavardi, Shima, Maureen Cabatic, M. Carmen Mañas-Padilla, et al. "miRNA-132/212 Deficiency Disrupts Selective Corticosterone Modulation of Dorsal vs. Ventral Hippocampal Metaplasticity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119565.

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Cortisol is a potent human steroid hormone that plays key roles in the central nervous system, influencing processes such as brain neuronal synaptic plasticity and regulating the expression of emotional and behavioral responses. The relevance of cortisol stands out in the disease, as its dysregulation is associated with debilitating conditions such as Alzheimer’s Disease, chronic stress, anxiety and depression. Among other brain regions, cortisol importantly influences the function of the hippocampus, a structure central for memory and emotional information processing. The mechanisms fine-tuni

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Nobakht, Samaneh, Morgan Schaeffer, Nils D. Forkert, Sean Nestor, Sandra E. Black, and Philip Barber. "Combined Atlas and Convolutional Neural Network-Based Segmentation of the Hippocampus from MRI According to the ADNI Harmonized Protocol." Sensors 21, no. 7 (2021): 2427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072427.

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Hippocampus atrophy is an early structural feature that can be measured from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve the diagnosis of neurological diseases. An accurate and robust standardized hippocampus segmentation method is required for reliable atrophy assessment. The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate an automatic segmentation tool (DeepHarp) for hippocampus delineation according to the ADNI harmonized hippocampal protocol (HarP). DeepHarp utilizes a two-step process. First, the approximate location of the hippocampus is identified in T1-weighted MRI datasets using an atlas

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Komoltsev, Ilia G., Stepan O. Frankevich, Natalia I. Shirobokova, et al. "Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus Are Associated with Immediate Posttraumatic Seizures and Corticosterone Elevation in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115883.

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Hippocampal damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with late posttraumatic conditions, such as depression, cognitive decline and epilepsy. Mechanisms of selective hippocampal damage after TBI are not well understood. In this study, using rat TBI model (lateral fluid percussion cortical injury), we assessed potential association of immediate posttraumatic seizures and changes in corticosterone (CS) levels with neuroinflammation and neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. Indices of distant hippocampal damage (neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation) were assessed using histologi

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Zhang, X.-D., L.-R. Zhao, J.-M. Zhou, et al. "Altered hippocampal functional connectivity in primary Sjögren syndrome: a resting-state fMRI study." Lupus 29, no. 5 (2020): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320908936.

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Structural and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus have been associated with the pathophysiological mechanism of central nervous system involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Nevertheless, how hippocampal function is altered in pSS remains unknown. The purpose of our study is to investigate the alterations in hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) in pSS by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thirty-eight patients with pSS and 38 age- and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination. Prior to e

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Prange-Kiel, Janine, Danuta A. Dudzinski, Felicitas Pröls, Markus Glatzel, Jakob Matschke, and Gabriele M. Rune. "Aromatase Expression in the Hippocampus of AD Patients and 5xFAD Mice." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9802086.

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Numerous studies show that 17β-estradiol (E2) protects against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced neurodegeneration. The E2-synthesizing enzyme aromatase is expressed in healthy hippocampi, but although the hippocampus is severely affected in AD, little is known about the expression of hippocampal aromatase in AD. To better understand the role of hippocampal aromatase in AD, we studied its expression in postmortem material from patients with AD and in a mouse model for AD (5xFAD mice). In human hippocampi, aromatase-immunoreactivity was observed in the vast majority of principal neurons and sign

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Frey, Surina, Rico Schieweck, Ignasi Forné, et al. "Physical Activity Dynamically Regulates the Hippocampal Proteome along the Dorso-Ventral Axis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10 (2020): 3501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103501.

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The hippocampus is central for higher cognition and emotions. In patients suffering from neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases, hippocampal signaling is altered causing cognitive defects. Thus, therapeutic approaches aim at improving cognition by targeting the hippocampus. Enhanced physical activity (EPA) improves cognition in rodents and humans. A systematic screen, however, for expression changes in the hippocampus along the dorso-ventral axis is missing, which is a prerequisite for understanding molecular mechanisms. Here, we exploited label free mass spectrometry to detect proteom

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Mak, Elijah, Silvy Gabel, Li Su, et al. "Multi-modal MRI investigation of volumetric and microstructural changes in the hippocampus and its subfields in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 4 (2017): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216002143.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Volumetric atrophy and microstructural alterations in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of the hippocampus have been reported in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, no study to date has jointly investigated concomitant microstructural and volumetric changes of the hippocampus in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).Methods:A total of 84 subjects (23 MCI, 17 DLB, 14 AD, and 30 healthy controls) were recruited for a multi-modal imaging (3T MRI and DTI) study that included neuropsychological evaluation. Freesurfer was used to segm

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Williams, Brent L., Mady Hornig, Kavitha Yaddanapudi, and W. Ian Lipkin. "Hippocampal Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Caspase 3 Activation in Neonatal Bornavirus Infection." Journal of Virology 82, no. 4 (2007): 1748–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02014-07.

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ABSTRACT Infection of neonatal rats with Borna disease virus results in a characteristic behavioral syndrome and apoptosis of subsets of neurons in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex (neonatal Borna disease [NBD]). In the NBD rat hippocampus, dentate gyrus granule cells progressively degenerate. Apoptotic loss of granule cells in NBD is associated with accumulation of zinc in degenerating neurons and reduced zinc in granule cell mossy fibers. Excess zinc can trigger poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activation, and PARP-1 activation can mediate neuronal death. Here, we evaluate hippo

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Schang, Anne-Laure, Valérie Ngô-Muller, Christian Bleux, et al. "GnRH Receptor Gene Expression in the Developing Rat Hippocampus: Transcriptional Regulation and Potential Roles in Neuronal Plasticity." Endocrinology 152, no. 2 (2010): 568–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0840.

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Abstract In the pituitary of mammals, the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) plays a primary role in the control of reproductive function. It is further expressed in the hippocampus, where its function, however, is not well defined. By quantitative RT-PCR analyses, we demonstrate herein that the onset of GnRHR gene (Gnrhr) expression in the rat hippocampus was unexpectedly delayed as compared to the pituitary and only occurred after birth. Using a previously described transgenic mouse model bearing the human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene under the control of the rat Gnrhr promoter, we establ

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Gervitz, L. M., L. O. Lutherer, D. G. Davies, J. H. Pirch, and J. C. Fowler. "Adenosine induces initial hypoxic-ischemic depression of synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 3 (2001): R639—R645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.3.r639.

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The present study was designed to investigate the role of adenosine in the hypoxic depression of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampus. An in vivo model of hypoxic synaptic depression was developed in which the common carotid artery was occluded on one side in the urethane-anesthetized rat. Inspired oxygen levels were controlled through a tracheal cannula. Rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus for stimulation and recording of bilateral hippocampal field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. The percent inspired oxygen could be reduced to levels that produced a reversible and repeatable

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Comber, David B., E. Bryn Pitt, Hunter B. Gilbert, et al. "Optimization of Curvilinear Needle Trajectories for Transforamenal Hippocampotomy." Operative Neurosurgery 13, no. 1 (2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000001361.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: The recently developed magnetic resonance imaging–guided laser-induced thermal therapy offers a minimally invasive alternative to craniotomies performed for tumor resection or for amygdalohippocampectomy to control seizure disorders. Current laser-induced thermal therapies rely on linear stereotactic trajectories that mandate twist-drill entry into the skull and potentially long approaches traversing healthy brain. The use of robotically driven, telescoping, curved needles has the potential to reduce procedure invasiveness by tailoring trajectories to the curved shape of t

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Umeoka, Shuichi C., Hans O. Lüders, John P. Turnbull, Mohamad Z. Koubeissi, and Robert J. Maciunas. "Requirement of longitudinal synchrony of epileptiform discharges in the hippocampus for seizure generation: a pilot study." Journal of Neurosurgery 116, no. 3 (2012): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.10.jns11261.

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Object The goal in this study was to assess the role of longitudinal hippocampal circuits in the generation of interictal and ictal activity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to evaluate the effects of multiple hippocampal transections (MHT). Methods In 6 patients with TLE, the authors evaluated the synchrony of hippocampal interictal and ictal epileptiform discharges by using a cross-correlation analysis, and the effect of MHT on hippocampal interictal spikes was studied. Five of the 6 patients were studied with depth electrodes, and epilepsy surgery was performed in 4 patients (anterior te

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Mao, Dun, Adam R. Neumann, Jianjun Sun, Vincent Bonin, Majid H. Mohajerani, and Bruce L. McNaughton. "Hippocampus-dependent emergence of spatial sequence coding in retrosplenial cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 31 (2018): 8015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803224115.

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Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is involved in visuospatial integration and spatial learning, and RSC neurons exhibit discrete, place cell-like sequential activity that resembles the population code of space in hippocampus. To investigate the origins and population dynamics of this activity, we combined longitudinal cellular calcium imaging of dysgranular RSC neurons in mice with excitotoxic hippocampal lesions. We tracked the emergence and stability of RSC spatial activity over consecutive imaging sessions. Overall, spatial activity in RSC was experience-dependent, emerging gradually over time, bu

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Isokawa, M. "Decrement of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dentate granule cells in epileptic hippocampus." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 5 (1996): 1901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.1901.

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1. Inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were studied in hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the pilocarpine model and human temporal lobe epilepsy, with the use of the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique in slice preparations. 2. In the pilocarpine model, hippocampal slices were prepared from rats that were allowed to experience spontaneous seizures for 2 mo. Human hippocampal specimens were obtained from epileptic patients who underwent surgical treatment for medically intractable seizures. 3. IPSCs were generated by single perforant path stimulation and recorded at a membr

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Omer Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi. "Elmukashfi’s Protocol for Hippocampal Volumetry among Sudanese attending Elmoalem Hospital: Structural MRI Study; Sudan; 2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.2.2222.

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There is a relation between many neuropsychiatric disorders and reduction in hippocampal volume. So, a protocol for researches in this area is highly needed. Study aimed to design and validate a protocol for hippocampal volumetry to facilitate manual segmentation of hippocampus region. It was a comparative study, carried at Diagnostic Imaging Clinic at Elmoalem Hospital; where 65 Sudanese individuals were surveyed in period (December 2021 –April 2022). Data was collected through master sheet for sociodemographic information, 3D magnetic resonance imaging for measuring hippocampus volume, and i

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Covington, Natalie V., Sarah Brown-Schmidt, and Melissa C. Duff. "The Necessity of the Hippocampus for Statistical Learning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 5 (2018): 680–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01228.

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Converging evidence points to a role for the hippocampus in statistical learning, but open questions about its necessity remain. Evidence for necessity comes from Schapiro and colleagues who report that a single patient with damage to hippocampus and broader medial temporal lobe cortex was unable to discriminate new from old sequences in several statistical learning tasks. The aim of the current study was to replicate these methods in a larger group of patients who have either damage localized to hippocampus or broader medial temporal lobe damage, to ascertain the necessity of the hippocampus

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Sherry, David F., and Jennifer S. Hoshooley. "Seasonal hippocampal plasticity in food-storing birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1542 (2010): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0220.

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Both food-storing behaviour and the hippocampus change annually in food-storing birds. Food storing increases substantially in autumn and winter in chickadees and tits, jays and nutcrackers and nuthatches. The total size of the chickadee hippocampus increases in autumn and winter as does the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis. The hippocampus is necessary for accurate cache retrieval in food-storing birds and is much larger in food-storing birds than in non-storing passerines. It therefore seems probable that seasonal change in caching and seasonal change in the hippocampus are causally related.

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Shen, Renrui. "How Fructose Affects the Hippocampus." Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 3, no. 3 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jcmr.v3i3.951.

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This review explores the effects of fructose on the hippocampus: hippocampal function and structure, hippocampal neurogenesis, and hippocampal cognitive function. First, this result confirms that excess fructose intake affects the microstructure of pathways connecting the hippocampus to other brain areas. Fructose has the potential to affect neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and a diet high in fructose can impair learning and memory, leading to cognitive impairment. However, further research is needed to apply animal experiments to humans in the future. The literature review focused on the effe

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King, R., D. Jecmen, A. Alkozei, A. C. Raikes, M. A. Grandner, and W. D. Killgore. "0082 Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Adult Population is Associated with Habitual Sleep Duration." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A33—A34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.080.

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Abstract Introduction The hippocampus is well known for its role in sleep and memory consolidation in adolescents, and has been shown to demonstrate neural plasticity and neuronal regeneration. However, the relationship between sleep and hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy adults remains to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that total sleep time (TST), as measured by actigraphy, would correlate positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus, a key memory region of the brain. Methods Forty-five healthy normal sleeping adults between 20–45 years of age wore an actigraph

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Grochowski, Cezary, Kamil Jonak, Marcin Maciejewski, Andrzej Stępniewski, and Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah. "Alteration within the Hippocampal Volume in Patients with LHON Disease—7 Tesla MRI Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010014.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the volumetry of the hippocampus in the Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) of blind patients. Methods: A total of 25 patients with LHON were randomly included into the study from the national health database. A total of 15 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The submillimeter segmentation of the hippocampus was based on three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in steady state (3D-SPGR) BRAVO 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that compared to healthy con

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Nasser, Soraya, Moulkheir Naoui, Ghalem Belalem, and Saïd Mahmoudi. "Semantic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subregions With U-Net Architecture." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 12, no. 6 (2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.20211101.oa4.

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The Automatic semantic segmentation of the hippocampus is an important area of research in which several convolutional neural networks (CNN) models have been used to detect the hippocampus from whole cerebral MRI. In this paper we present two convolutional neural networks the first network ( Hippocampus Segmentation Single Entity HSSE) segmented the hippocampus as a single entity and the second used to detect the hippocampal sub-regions ( Hippocampus Segmentation Multi Class HSMC), these two networks inspire their architecture of the U-net model. Two cohorts were used as training data from (NI

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Sanda, Pavel, Paola Malerba, Xi Jiang, et al. "Bidirectional Interaction of Hippocampal Ripples and Cortical Slow Waves Leads to Coordinated Spiking Activity During NREM Sleep." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 1 (2020): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa228.

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Abstract The dialogue between cortex and hippocampus is known to be crucial for sleep-dependent memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep, memory replay depends on slow oscillation (SO) and spindles in the (neo)cortex and sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) in the hippocampus. The mechanisms underlying interaction of these rhythms are poorly understood. We examined the interaction between cortical SO and hippocampal SWRs in a model of the hippocampo–cortico–thalamic network and compared the results with human intracranial recordings during sleep. We observed that ripple occurrence peaked following th

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Haam, Juhee, Jingheng Zhou, Guohong Cui, and Jerrel L. Yakel. "Septal cholinergic neurons gate hippocampal output to entorhinal cortex via oriens lacunosum moleculare interneurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 8 (2018): E1886—E1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712538115.

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Neuromodulation of neural networks, whereby a selected circuit is regulated by a particular modulator, plays a critical role in learning and memory. Among neuromodulators, acetylcholine (ACh) plays a critical role in hippocampus-dependent memory and has been shown to modulate neuronal circuits in the hippocampus. However, it has remained unknown how ACh modulates hippocampal output. Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that ACh, by activating oriens lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons and therefore augmenting the negative-feedback regulation to the CA1 pyramidal neurons, su

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Appelt, D. M., G. C. Kopen, L. J. Boyne, and B. J. Balin. "Localization of transglutaminase in hippocampal neurons: implications for Alzheimer's disease." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 12 (1996): 1421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.12.8985134.

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The purpose of this investigation was to identify and localize tissue transglutaminase (TGase) within neurons from the hippocampi of normal aged individuals and of those with confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD). This enzyme may be a factor in the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and formation of insoluble macromolecular complexes found in the neurons of normal aged and AD brain tissue. An antibody made to the extracellular TGase, coagulation factor XIIIa, was found to be specific for purified intracellular guinea pig liver tissue TGase. The specificity for liver tissue TGase has enable

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Konopka-Filippow, Monika, Ewa Sierko, Dominika Hempel, et al. "The Learning Curve and Inter-Observer Variability in Contouring the Hippocampus under the Hippocampal Sparing Guidelines of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0933." Current Oncology 29, no. 4 (2022): 2564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29040210.

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Hippocampal-sparing brain radiotherapy (HS-BRT) in cancer patients results in preservation of neurocognitive function after brain RT which can contribute to patients’ quality of life (QoL). The crucial element in HS-BRT treatment planning is appropriate contouring of the hippocampus. Ten doctors delineated the left and right hippocampus (LH and RH, respectively) on 10 patients’ virtual axial images of brain CT fused with T1-enhanced MRI (1 mm) according to the RTOG 0933 atlas recommendations. Variations in the spatial localization of the structure were described in three directions: right–left

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Omer, Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi. "Elmukashfi's Protocol for Hippocampal Volumetry; 2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 953–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12599065.

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There is a relation between many neuropsychiatric disorders and reduction in hippocampal volume. So, a protocol for researches in this area is highly needed. Study aimed to design and validate a protocol for hippocampal volumetry to facilitate manual segmentation of hippocampus region. It was a comparative study, carried at Diagnostic Imaging Clinic at Elmoalem Hospital; where 65 Sudanese individuals were surveyed in period (December 2021 –April 2022). Data was collected through master sheet for sociodemographic information, 3D magnetic resonance imaging for measuring hippocampus volume,

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Tang, Mufeng, Tommaso Salvatori, Beren Millidge, Yuhang Song, Thomas Lukasiewicz, and Rafal Bogacz. "Recurrent predictive coding models for associative memory employing covariance learning." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 4 (2023): e1010719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010719.

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The computational principles adopted by the hippocampus in associative memory (AM) tasks have been one of the most studied topics in computational and theoretical neuroscience. Recent theories suggested that AM and the predictive activities of the hippocampus could be described within a unitary account, and that predictive coding underlies the computations supporting AM in the hippocampus. Following this theory, a computational model based on classical hierarchical predictive networks was proposed and was shown to perform well in various AM tasks. However, this fully hierarchical model did not

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Bingman, Verner P., and Rubén N. Muzio. "Reflections on the Structural-Functional Evolution of the Hippocampus: What Is the Big Deal about a Dentate Gyrus." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 90, no. 1 (2017): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475592.

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The vertebrate hippocampal formation has been central in discussions of comparative cognition, nurturing an interest in understanding the evolution of variation in hippocampal organization among vertebrate taxa and the functional consequences of that variation. Assuming some similarity between the medial pallium of extant amphibians and the hippocampus of stem tetrapods, we propose the hypothesis that the hippocampus of modern amniotes began with a medial pallium characterized by a relatively undifferentiated cytoarchitecture, more direct thalamic and olfactory sensory inputs, and a broad role

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Giribabu, Nelli, Nelli Srinivasarao, Somesula Swapna Rekha, Sekaran Muniandy, and Naguib Salleh. "Centella asiaticaAttenuates Diabetes Induced Hippocampal Changes in Experimental Diabetic Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592062.

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Diabetes mellitus has been reported to affect functions of the hippocampus. We hypothesized thatCentella asiatica, a herb traditionally being used to improve memory, prevents diabetes-related hippocampal dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective role ofC. asiaticaon the hippocampus in diabetes.Methods. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced adult male diabetic rats received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day body weight (b.w)C. asiaticaleaf aqueous extract for four consecutive weeks. Following sacrifice, hippocampus was removed and hippocampal tissue homogenates were analyzed

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Rutecki, Paul A., Robert G. Grossman, Dawna Armstrong, and Susan Irish-Loewen. "Electrophysiological connections between the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in patients with complex partial seizures." Journal of Neurosurgery 70, no. 5 (1989): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.5.0667.

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✓ The electrophysiological properties of the neural pathways between the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex were studied intraoperatively in 31 patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy for medically intractable complex partial seizures. The hippocampus, removed en bloc, was studied histologically and the pathology was correlated with the electrophysiological findings. In 29 of the patients, entorhinal stimulation evoked a characteristic positive-negative potential in the hippocampus. The entorhinal-evoked hippocampal response closely resembled, or was identical to, the spontaneously

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Nelson, Michael D., and Alecia M. Tumpap. "Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity is associated with left hippocampal volume reduction: a meta-analytic study." CNS Spectrums 22, no. 4 (2016): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852916000833.

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ObjectiveMany studies have reported hippocampal volume reductions associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while others have not. Here we provide an updated meta-analysis of such reductions associated with PTSD and evaluate the association between symptom severity and hippocampal volume.MethodsA total of 37 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes (Hedges’ g) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were computed for each study and then averaged to obtain an overall mean effect size across studies. Meta-regression was employed to examine the relat

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Ge, Xinting, Yuanjie Zheng, Yuchuan Qiao, et al. "Hippocampal Asymmetry of Regional Development and Structural Covariance in Preterm Neonates." Cerebral Cortex, December 31, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab481.

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Abstract Premature birth is associated with a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in surviving infants. The hippocampus is known to be critical for learning and memory, yet the putative effects of hippocampal dysfunction remain poorly understood in preterm neonates. In particular, while asymmetry of the hippocampus has been well noted both structurally and functionally, how preterm birth impairs hippocampal development and to what extent the hippocampus is asymmetrically impaired by preterm birth have not been well delineated. In this study, we compared volumetric growth and shap

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Gori, Harishbhai P., Subhash C. Dubal, Shabir Ahmad Malik, and Sawan D. Rathwa. "Gross anatomical and biometrical parameters of hippocampus in Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)." Indian Journal of Animal Research, no. 00 (April 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-3509.

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The present study was conducted on hippocampus of six adult Surti buffalo. Hippocampus was a small organ located within the medial temporal lobe of the brain. The hippocampus made a curve from the deep face of the piriform lobe around the thalamus and formed the caudal part of the floor of the lateral ventricle. It was separated deeply by the hippocampal fissure from the dentate gyrus. The two hippocampi were connected at their highest parts by transvers fibers which constituted the hippocampal commissure. The hippocampus was as long “C” or small “Y”shaped structure. The ventro-medial hippocam

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