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Journal articles on the topic 'Hirschman's framework'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gonzalez, Adrian. "The political ecology of voice (PEV); an innovative approach to examining environmental pollution and the accountability of economic actors." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (2015): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21119.

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In this article, I use Albert Hirschman's consumer-based 'exit' and 'voice' concepts in order to set out the political ecology of voice (PEV), an innovative theoretical framework that aims to examine the causes of environmental pollution from a new angle. I begin by providing a brief overview of political ecology, and why it provides such a useful framework from which to position Hirschman's ideas of exit and voice. This will lead into a more detailed analysis of Hirschman's theories in an environmental context, and why the use of voice by various stakeholders (citizens, community based organi

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2

Adkins, Karen. "Exit only: harms from silencing employee voice." Journal of Science Communication 19, no. 05 (2020): A03. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.19050203.

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The nationwide shortage of PPE for health care workers has been well documented. Reporting on this issue has been complicated by hospitals' imposition of gag orders on physicians and health care workers. There are harms that result from imposing these gag orders that go beyond the obvious harms to public and employee health and safety. Using Hirschman's ‘Exit, Voice, and Loyalty’ (1970) as a framework demonstrates that these orders represent a dangerous concentration of power in employer hands — health care workers are reduced to functionaries. Hirschman's argument, in part, is that organisati

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John, Jonathan Di. "Albert Hirschman's Exit-voice Framework and its Relevance to Problems of Public Education Performance in Latin America." Oxford Development Studies 35, no. 3 (2007): 295–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600810701514860.

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A., D. Funga, Chacha M., and Tiisekwa B. "Farm Level Strategic Response to Pesticide Regulations and Its Impact on Performance of Small Scale Vegetable Farmers in Tanzania." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2017): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJA/2017/33146.

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<strong>Aims:</strong> To analyze the impact of different farm-level strategic response to pesticide regulations on farm performance of small scale vegetable farmers. <strong>Study Design:</strong> A cross-section survey of 167 small scale farmers was carried out to estimate the impact of pesticide regulations on farm performance. A structured interview was used to obtain descriptive information in the field. <strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> Data collection for the study took place between January and April 2016 in the selected small scale vegetable farms in Mvomero and Kilosa dis

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Heins, Volker M. "Can the refugee speak? Albert Hirschman and the changing meanings of exile." Thesis Eleven 158, no. 1 (2019): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619888666.

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This article presents a critical reading of Albert O. Hirschman’s typology of exit, voice and loyalty as a heuristic for understanding the changing meanings of exile in the 20th and early 21st centuries. It is argued that Hirschman’s experiences as well as the theory he distilled from them are highly relevant for researchers of forced migration and exile. After first defending the usefulness of Hirschman’s analytical framework for exile and diaspora studies, the article then highlights the need to revise and complicate his approach. Hirschman could not foresee the emerging global possibilities

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Close, Caroline, and Sergiu Gherghina. "Rethinking intra-party cohesion: Towards a conceptual and analytical framework." Party Politics 25, no. 5 (2019): 652–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068819836044.

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Intra-party cohesion (IPC) is a concept extensively used to assess institutional change and behaviour in legislative and party politics. In spite of its popularity, there is confusion about its meaning mostly derived from its multidimensional nature. This article aims to clarify the understanding of this term across three different fields of research (legislative studies, party factionalism and Hirschman’s theory applied to intra-party dynamics) and to build a conceptual framework that integrates several analytical dimensions. It uses quantitative network-based analysis of bibliographic data t

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Galvão de Almeida, Rafael. "Against a voiceless world: Albert O. Hirschman’s political economics as an alternative to public choice." Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought 8, no. 1 (2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/ijhe.70600.

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This article proposes to analyze the contributions of Albert Hirschman to political economy. Although he was explicitly affiliated to any school of thought, Hirschman worked with both economics and political science to understand questions such as ‘why do people vote and participate in politics?’. He was disappointed with what mainstream economics could provide and elaborated the Exit-Voice-Loyalty (EVL) framework, to understand mechanisms of action in politics and the economy. His EVL framework has been widely read, but it did not develop a paradigm around it and was ignored by economists due

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Reinold, Theresa. "Holding International Organizations Accountable: Toward a Right to Justification in Global Governance?" Ethics & International Affairs 36, no. 2 (2022): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679422000235.

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AbstractThis essay suggests that the accountability trends explored by Stian Øby Johansen and Gisela Hirschmann in their respective monographs should be viewed as indicating the emergence of a right to justification in global governance. Both Johansen and Hirschmann seek to advance the interdisciplinary conversation about the accountability of international organizations—Johansen by developing a normative framework assessing the quality of IO accountability mechanisms, and Hirschmann by seeking to identify the variables that shape the evolution of what she calls pluralist accountability. Build

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Chisholm, Elinor, Philippa Howden-Chapman, and Geoff Fougere. "The Application of Hirschman’s Exit-voice Framework to Housing Studies: A Review and Some Ways Forward." Housing, Theory and Society 33, no. 4 (2016): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2016.1188849.

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Smekal, Hubert, and Nino Tsereteli. "Reforming to Please: A Comprehensive Explanation for Non-Exit from the European Court of Human Rights." European Constitutional Law Review 17, no. 4 (2021): 664–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019621000377.

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States’ growing dissatisfaction with the performance of the European Court of Human Rights – Governments’ commitment to reform process – Threats of exit that failed to materialise – Adaptation of Hirschman’s exit–voice–loyalty framework to explain states’ non-exit from the European Court of Human Rights – Sufficiently effective voice, manifestations of loyalty, and high costs of exit as possible reasons behind non-exit – Governments’ inability to achieve change in the Court’s practice unilaterally – Divergent perceptions and expectations of governments – Court’s responsiveness to governments’

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Ray, Debraj. "Uneven Growth: A Framework for Research in Development Economics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 3 (2010): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.3.45.

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The textbook paradigm of economywide development rests on the premise of “balanced growth”: that is, on the presumption that all sectors will grow in unison over time as a country gets richer. Of course, we would all agree that balanced growth is an abstraction. In many developing countries, economic growth has been fundamentally uneven. The question really is not whether growth is balanced—it isn't—but whether the abstraction is a useful one. For many important development questions, I believe the answer is no. This is why I would like to take the reality of “uneven growth” seriously and use

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12

Bakhtiari, Sasan. "Assortative Outsourcing with Exit." B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 16, no. 1 (2016): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejte-2014-0063.

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AbstractA general framework is presented that incorporates dynamics and heterogeneity among both upstream suppliers and downstream producers to mimic the exit strategy of Hirschman (1970) in building vertical relations. An assortative matching develops between producers and suppliers based on their level of efficiency, which leads to an increase in the aggregate industrial productivity but also makes the distribution of firms more dispersed. Further experiments suggest that the nature of outsourcing relations is impacted in certain ways by business cycles and technological advancements.

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Iftikhar, Nazish, Nadeem Iqbal, and Hasan Hanif. "The Nexus among Competition, Risk and Performance in Banking Sector of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 3 (2021): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei3032109.

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The determination behind this research paper is to inspect the relation among competition, risk, and financial performance in the Saudi Arabian banking sector for 2011-2019. This paper used Two steps Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) as an estimation technique. This study focused on Lerner Index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to gauge bank competition and used three alternative measures for risk, namely credit risk, liquidity risk, and z-score. The coefficients of the Lerner Index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index are significant and positive with profitability which signifies that higher compet

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14

Kato, Junko. "When the Party Breaks Up: Exit and Voice among Japanese Legislators." American Political Science Review 92, no. 4 (1998): 857–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586308.

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In exploring the conflicts between individual interests and the conditions that facilitate the disintegration of a political party, this article modifies the exit, voice, and loyalty framework developed by Hirschman. The utility of that framework is examined using the recent change in Japan, that is, the demise of the so-called 1955 system, in which the predominant conservatives confined the socialists to the status of a major but perennial opposition party. The quantitative analysis focuses on the split of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party and the internal dispute in the Democratic Social

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DURONGKAVEROJ, WANNAPHONG. "Societal Perceptions Toward Income Inequality During the Process of Economic Development: Evidence from International Panel Data." Asian Development Review 42, no. 02 (2025): 29–53. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0116110525400050.

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While economic inequality has gained prominence in the contemporary development debate, the reasons why the degree of tolerance for inequality varies among countries remain an unresolved issue. This knowledge gap has resulted in excessive policy emphasis on inequality in some countries where absolute poverty is rampant. The purpose of this paper is to address the issue through multi-economy panel data analysis using an analytical framework that draws on Hirschman’s (1973) assertion on the “changing tolerance for income inequality in the course of economic development.” Tolerance for inequality

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Sanjana, S. Shenoy, and V.T. Shailashri. "An Analysis of Indian Pharmaceutical Sector using ABCD Framework." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education (IJCSBE) 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5889767.

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<strong>Purpose: </strong>The understanding of changing industry dynamics is essential for any business firm that wishes to enter, earn returns and sustain in any given industry. The study/analysis of an industry is essential for various stakeholders. For instance, creditors/investors take decisions concerning investment only after a thorough analysis of the current scenario and prospects of an industry. The ABCD framework is an effective tool of industry analysis for understanding both the positive and negative impact of the industry’s operations and the factors that support or hinder t

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Tyssens, Jeffrey. "Early Secular Burials in 19th-Century Flemish Provincial Towns." Secular Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 42–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25892525-bja10028.

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Abstract In 19th-century Belgium, cemeteries and burials gave rise to a major conflict between the Catholic Church and different kinds of secular people in Belgium. While these confrontations are quite well known in large urban environments, far less research has been produced about their counterparts in small-town settings. This article studies the options secular people had in those ‘backwater’ contexts in the province of Antwerp from the first secular burials in the 1860s up to the turn of the century. Following Albert Hirschman’s ‘voice / exit / loyalty’-scheme, we focus upon the choices t

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Bullon-Cassis, Laura, Christine Lutringer, Maria Mexi, and Yanina Welp. "Do Mini-Publics Answer Environmental Demands by Youth? Promises and Perceptions of ‘Voice’ in Four European Cities." Societies 15, no. 7 (2025): 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15070176.

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This study examines how climate citizens’ assemblies (CCAs) influence youth engagement, both in practice and in shaping perceptions of political “voice”, drawing on Albert O. Hirschman’s “Exit, Voice, and Loyalty” framework. Through qualitative analysis of 71 interviews, participatory workshops, and observational data across four cities—Barcelona, Bologna, Geneva, and Paris—it explores whether CCAs address youth climate activists’ demands, enable meaningful participation, and yield policy outcomes aligned with their claims. Findings reveal divergent perceptions: in Bologna, co-design with acti

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Rubio-Marín, Ruth. "“Notorious RBG”: A conversation with United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg." International Journal of Constitutional Law 18, no. 4 (2020): 1090–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab034.

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Abstract On February 2, 2016, Prof. Ruth Rubio-Marín, Chair of Constitutional and Comparative Public Law at the European University Institute (EUI), interviewed the U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. The interview took place in the framework of the European University Institute’s annual Ursula Hirschmann Lecture, a space dedicated to stimulate research and thinking which links ideas about Europe and the study of gender. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg engaged in a conversation that tackled her whole persona, without making rigid divides between the professional and the perso

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Bojar, Abel. "The electoral advantage of the left in times of fiscal adjustment." European Political Science Review 10, no. 2 (2017): 291–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773917000169.

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Despite widely held views on fiscal adjustment as a political minefield for government parties, the empirical literature on the issue has been surprisingly inconclusive. A crucial variable that has been often overlooked in the debate is partisan politics. Building on the micro-logic of Albert Hirschman’s ‘exit, voice, and loyalty’ framework, this article offers a novel theoretical perspective on the conditioning impact of partisan government in the electoral arena. Due to their more limited exit options at their disposal, left-wing voters are less likely to inflict electoral punishment on thei

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Wozniak, Isabella Aichinger, and Pedro Paulo De Andrade Junior. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um framework para mensuração do impacto econômico no setor portuário: a experiência brasileira." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 7 (2023): 22485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n7-091.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo a proposição de um framework para a mensuração dos impactos econômicos do setor portuário. O estudo é validado mediante a aplicação do framework proposto para um Porto Brasileiro. Em termo metodológicos, determinam-se as principais variáveis, mediante a análise bibliométrica e sistêmica, para a estimativa da matriz insumo-produto do porto pesquisado. As atividades principais do setor portuário são agregadas à matriz, sendo necessária a aplicação do método RAS para o balanceamento dos fluxos intersetoriais. Em seguida, determinam-se as matrizes abertas e fechadas

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Marjorie S, Evangelista, Casta Riza Joy M, Yranela Hazelyn M., Delos Santos Herock, and Bernal Hernando Jr. L. "Knowledge and Prevalence of Sexual Grooming in Academia: Basis for Awareness Campaign." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 5, no. 1 (2024): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v5i1.933.

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This research aims to illuminate sexual grooming in academic settings, underscoring the imperative for awareness and preventive measures. The study is theoretically grounded in Ward and Sieger's Pathways Model, incorporating Finkelhor’s Precondition Model, Marshall and Barbaree’s Integrated Theory, and Hall and Hirschman’s Quadripartite Model. This comprehensive framework provides a nuanced understanding of the psychological mechanisms at play in sexual grooming. To address gaps in educators' awareness, the study utilizes random sampling to assess 25 teachers from senior high and tertiary leve

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Saxe, Amanda. "The Theory of Intersectionality: A New Lens for Understanding the Barriers Faced by Autistic Women." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 6, no. 4 (2017): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v6i4.386.

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While disabilities studies scholars have already taken a great step forward in integrating the theory of intersectionality, progress is still required. Many theoretical and empirical disability studies papers operationalize disability in a vague and all-inclusive manner. Although it is important to research disability in a global way, it is just as important to regard the more specific experiences of disability. The study of specific disabilities and the barriers that are faced by those who have them is critical since living with one type of disability can lead to very different experiences as

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Adu, Abraham, and Keshab Bhattarai. "IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION ON CONCENTRATION AND COMPETITION IN THE GHANAIAN BANKING SYSTEM: A PANZAR-ROSSE ANALYSIS." JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 3, no. 2 (2022): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/jdef.2022.v03i02.01.

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This paper empirically investigated the evolution of market concentration in Ghana. It tests market competitiveness in banking systems post financial sector reforms. Using unbalanced panel data of 24 banks in the period 2003-2012, a period characterized with deregulation, liberalization and consolidation of the banking sector in Ghana. Market concentration in the Ghanaian banking sector is measured by the Hirschman-Herfindahl indices as well as CR3 and CR5 with this panel data. Both CR3 and CR5 had a decreasing trend indicating falling market concentration ratios and increasing rate of competi

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Conable, James E., and Imaobong Olsson. "Does Economic Growth and Development Differ? Exploring the Theoretical Divide Between Economic Growth and Development." Journal of Social Science Studies 11, no. 1 (2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v11i1.21863.

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This paper delves into the nuanced distinction between economic growth and economic development, unravelling their theoretical underpinnings and divergent implications. Employing a comprehensive review of relevant literature, the study navigates through traditional definitions and contemporary perspectives to establish a theoretical framework that differentiates these two concepts. Drawing from prominent theorists like Hirschman, Wallerstein, and Tvaronaviciené, the analysis scrutinizes indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), and Human Development Index (

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Wang, Yan, and Kai Liu. "Toward Sustainable Urban Development: Exploring the Polycentric Transition of Chinese Cities Through Nighttime Lights." Sustainability 17, no. 5 (2025): 2013. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052013.

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Studying urban spatial structure (USS) is crucial for advancing sustainable urban development. This study examined the USS of 292 cities in China from 2007 to 2022 using nighttime lights and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. The determinants of USS were analyzed through a fixed-effects spatial Durbin model based on the theoretical framework of influencing factors. The findings revealed a nationwide trend toward a polycentric USS across various city types. Economic growth drove the transformation from a monocentric to a polycentric USS. Additionally, the development of postal infrastructure promo

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Krahmann, Elke. "Choice, voice, and exit: Consumer power and the self-regulation of the private security industry." European Journal of International Security 1, no. 1 (2016): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2015.6.

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AbstractPromoting Private Security Company (PSC) self-regulation has become a key focus due to high profile scandals during the military interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan. Related efforts include the Montreux Document, the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers (ICoC), American National Standards Institute/ASIS certification, and the new International Standards Organization (ISO) Management System Standard for Private Security Operations. Implicit in industry self-regulation, however, is the assumption that the consumers of private security services will help

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Silva, Elvis Magno da, Olívia Carolina de Resende Ribeiro, and Antônio Carlos dos Santos. "Market Structure as a Vehicle for its Plasticity: an Introduction to the International Cachaça Market from the Perspective of the Industrial Organization Paradigm." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (2024): e07741. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-181.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to present how market structure serves as a vehicle for market plasticity. To achieve this objective, the example of the international cachaça market was used. Theoretical Framework: To understand the structure, we utilized the theory of the Industrial Organizations paradigm. This paradigm specifically considers three areas of concentration for its study efforts: the firm, the markets, and the industries. Method: Using secondary data provided by the English beverage magazine Millionaires, a quantitative study of the distilled beverages market, and mor

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Mmary, Zacharia Simon, Felister Michael Mombo, Greyson Zablon Nyamoga, Kendisha Soekadjo Hintz, and Lukas Giessen. "Determinants and Outcomes of Livelihood Diversification among Small-scale Tree Growers in Kilolo District, Tanzania." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (2025): 408–22. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.8.1.3140.

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Small-scale tree growers (SSTGs) are critical in sustainably managing forests and rural livelihoods in Tanzania. Grounded in the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, this study characterises determinants and outcomes of livelihood diversifications among SSTGs in the Kilolo District of Tanzania. Data were collected cross-sectionally using questionnaire surveys administered to 101 households, key informant interviews (KII), and focus groups. T-test analysis reveals that socio-economic characteristics significantly influence the diversification of livelihood strategies. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Inde

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Kudryavtseva, Olga, Elena Mitenkova, Olga Malikova, and Maksim Golovin. "Development of Alternative Energy in Russia in the Context of a Low-Carbon Economy Model." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2019, no. 4 (2019): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201949.

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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of alternative energy in Russia as one of the key factors of forming a low-carbon economy model. Authors reviewed the main stages of forming the institutional environment which regulated the process of the transition to a low-carbon economy model and a wider use of alternative energy including renewable energy sources (RES).Authors analyzed the renewable energy industry in Russia. The empirical base of the study consists of auctions results conducted in the framework of the government support of RES during 2013-2018 and the informatio

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Wang, Di. "An Empirical Study on Industry Convergence in an Underdeveloped Area: Shanwei, Guangdong, China." International Journal of Regional Development 11, no. 2 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v11i2.22237.

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The present paper studies the convergence of industry in Shanwei, a coastal city in Guandong province, China. The data originated from the Shanwei Statistical Yearbook 1990-2021. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is used to evaluate industry convergence. The Grey relational analysis assesses the contributions of the three industries’ added values to local GDP. The regression model verifies if the industry convergence is conducive to economic growth. The results first indicate that Shanwei City’s economy shows a significant increase in the proportions of the manufacturing and service sectors and a

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Syed Mohammad Asghar Tahir. "Mapping India’s Startup Landscape: Regional Specialization and Sector Concentration Using DPIIT Recognition Data." European Economic Letters (EEL) 15, no. 3 (2025): 838–50. https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v15i3.3479.

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India hosts one of the world’s largest startup populations, yet activity is highly uneven across states and industries. Using the Government of India’s Startup Recognized by DPIIT dataset (157,705 recognitions; 36 States/UTs × 56 industries), we map lifetime counts and compute Location Quotients (LQ) and Herfindahl–Hirschman Indices (HHI) to reveal specialization and diversification patterns. Six Tier 1 hubs consisting Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu contribute nearly two thirds of recognitions, but LQs expose niche strengths in smaller jurisdictions that v

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De Sousa, Ronildo Borges, Géssika Teixeira Almeida, Nilton Marques De Oliveira, and Rodolfo Alves Da Luz. "Locational Analysis of the Productive Structure of the Micro-Region of Porto Nacional." Baru 3, no. 2 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/baru.v3i2.5825.

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Abstract: this paper analyzes the location pattern of productive activities in the microregion of Porto Nacional - TO, in 2005 and 2015. It was used the regional analysis method through the indicators of location, particularly, the Locational Quotient (QL), the Hirschman Herfindahl concentration index (HHI), the geographic association coefficient (CAG) and the employment multiplier. The theoretical framework was based in the concept of regional economy on the theory of location of the productive sectors. The results indicated that the QL of the 11 cities of the micro-region has diversified eco

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Zeng, Ka. "“Exit” vs. “Voice”: Global Sourcing, Multinational Production, and the China Trade Lobby." Business and Politics 23, no. 2 (2021): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2020.19.

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AbstractThis paper examines the influence of three different forms of global economic engagement on the lobbying behavior of US businesses with regard to trade relations with China: (a) input sourcing; (b) downstream export; and (c) vertical foreign direct investment. It will be hypothesized that firms involved in all three forms of global economic activities should have incentives to lobby over China-related trade issues in order to maintain unimpeded access to sources of supply or markets and to ensure the smooth operation of the entire supply chain. Going further, drawing on the exit-voice

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Golovics, József. "The role of loyalty in migration intentions: theory and evidence from the EU." Society and Economy 42, no. 2 (2020): 172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2019.010.

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Free movement of persons is one of the fundamental values and achievements of the European Union, however, intentions towards mobility vary across and within the member states. Economic literature has remarkable theories to explain migration flows and individual selection factors of potential migrants, but it ignores major achievements of other social sciences. This paper builds an economic framework to incorporate the Hirschmanian concept of loyalty into the microeconomic (human capital) model of international migration by using interdependent preferences. Hirschman assumes that even after ex

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Glaser, Darrell J., Ahmed S. Rahman, Katherine A. Smith, and Daniel W. Chan. "Product Differentiation and Consumer Surplus in the Microfinance Industry." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 2 (2013): 991–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2012-0046.

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Abstract During the last 15 years, high repayment rates of up to 96% have drawn many new lending institutions to the microfinance industry. While a decade ago, the industry was dominated primarily by monopolies ostensibly focused on social welfare, the current market is filled with various types of financial institutions offering a variety of lending arrangements. The goal of this article is to capture the degree to which consumers have benefitted from these structural changes within the microfinance industry. Using a Bertrand differentiated product framework, we model the price setting and de

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Kumar, Chitresh, and Anirban Ganguly. "Mandatory corporate social responsibility by Indian companies: A case of isomorphism due to social need or regulation?" Business Performance Review 2, no. 1 (2024): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/bprv2i1p3.

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The study proposes a framework to establish the isomorphic nature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure for Indian companies. Isomorphism in NIFTY-50 companies of India was analysed using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and Shannon-Weiner Index (SWI). This was followed by a qualitative study of six organisations as a case study and an analysis of interviews with 29 managers of different organisations involved in CSR practices. NIFTY-50 companies were found to be isomorphic. A study of six group companies and the analysis of interviews of 29 CSR business managers, found that

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Payaslian, Simon. "Diasporan Subalternities: The Armenian Community in Syria." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 16, no. 1-2 (2012): 92–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.16.1-2.92.

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This article offers an account of Syria’s substantial Armenian diasporic community, concentrating on how it negotiated its integration without assimilation into the larger Syrian society (itself not homogeneous but long dominated by a single political system). The analysis relies on themes and approaches developed by subaltern studies; ideas drawn from it enable us to delineate the trajectory of the diasporan community. Successfully maintaining its distinct cultural identity as a result of the closed nature of the political system, and further buttressed by the religio-cultural barriers betwee

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Markovits, Elizabeth K., and Susan Bickford. "Constructing Freedom: Institutional Pathways to Changing the Gender Division of Labor." Perspectives on Politics 12, no. 1 (2014): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713003721.

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In recent years, there has been renewed public discussion regarding the relationship between women’s equality and their traditional responsibility for carework. In this essay, we analyze the structures of choice and constraint that continue to produce the gender division of family labor and thus women's unequal participation in the public sphere. We conceptualize this as a problem of democratic freedom, one that requires building institutional pathways to sustain women's participation. Drawing on Nancy Hirschmann's arguments about processes of social construction and their relation to freedom,

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Christie, Edward Hunter. "Energy Vulnerability and EU-Russia Energy Relations." Journal of Contemporary European Research 5, no. 2 (2009): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v5i2.179.

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The concept of energy vulnerability is reviewed and discussed with a focus on Russia’s foreign energy relations, in particular those with European countries. A definition and a conceptual framework for quantifying energy vulnerability are proposed in the context of a review of recent research on energy vulnerability indices. In particular it is suggested that source country diversification should be reflected using the expected shortfall measure used in financial economics, rather than the Herfindahl-Hirschman or Shannon-Wiener indices, and that the former should then enter a calibrated functi

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Nabhani, Irfan. "Down-Streaming Impact to the Competitiveness of Indonesia Cocoa." Khazanah Sosial 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ks.v6i1.33343.

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The objective of this paper is to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis on the competitiveness of Indonesia cocoa beans post down-streaming push by the Government of Indonesia. Indonesia cocoa has been part of the top three producers and exporters of global cocoa beans and had been shifting into cocoa processed products to create more value. Quantitative analysis from upstream perspective measures the supply concentration and competitive advantage using The Four-Firm Concentration (CR4), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), and the model of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) while value

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Lin, Zehao. "Market Concentration and Pricing Power: Descriptive Evidence from Chinese Industries, 2017–2021." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 7, no. 4 (2025): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2025.7.4.5.

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This study explores the relationship between market concentration and firm-level pricing power in China using panel data from 2017 to 2021. Drawing on industry-level Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) measures and firm-specific Lerner Index values, the analysis adopts a descriptive approach to investigate how different levels of industry concentration correlate with firms’ ability to mark up prices over marginal costs. Contrary to the traditional view that higher concentration uniformly enhances pricing power, the results reveal a non-linear relationship: industries with moderate concentration e

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Peng, Bo, Shuo Liu, Lei Xu, and Zhen He. "Triaged Treatment-Based Conventional Weapon Combat Wound Classification Code Design and Injury Spectrum Statistical Analysis." Military Medicine 185, no. 11-12 (2020): e2032-e2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa221.

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Abstract Introduction We create an expandable combat wound classification coding system and a stratified standardized combat wound injury spectrum to support triage according to the treatment echelon and to provide the basis for the rapid and efficient classification of combat casualties. The coding system simultaneously assists in identifying injuries with a high incidence of fatality that require emergency treatment, and provides a framework for the triage of combat wounds in mass casualty situations. Materials and Methods The three-tiered treatment echelon consisting of battlefield on-site

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Fietze, Simon, Wenzel Matiaske, and Roland Menges. "Corporate Responsibility: In the Dilemma between Fake and Trust?" management revue 30, no. 2-3 (2019): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2019-2-3-143.

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The accusation of whitewashing accompanied the discussion about corporate social responsibility (CSR) since its inception the 1950s. That's not surprising. Ever since its beginnings in Scottish moral philosophy, economics did not expect the general good to be enhanced by the individual's social orientation, but rather by its self-interest, a concept less liable to disappointment, and the work of the invisible hand (Hirschman, 1977). The latter aims to promote a common goal that individuals have not intended. Following his famous text, Adam Smith (2007 [1786], p. 350) continues: ‘I have never k

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Kholidah, Himmatul, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah, Hanifiyah Yuliatul Hijriah, and Aqilah Nadiah Md. Sahiq. "STRATEGI DIVERSIFIKASI PORTOFOLIO: ANALISIS DAMPAK RISIKO DAN KEUNTUNGAN PADA BANK KONVENSIONAL DAN SYARIAH MILIK NEGARA DI INDONESIA." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 11, no. 2 (2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v11i2.52146.

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This research examines the relationship between credit portfolio diversification and the risk and return of state-owned banks (Bank BUMN) from 2019 to 2023. Using multiple linear regression analysis, it evaluates the impact of the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) on credit or financing risk (NPL and NPF) and bank returns (ROA, ROE) among state-owned banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Control variables include bank size, loan or financing to deposit ratio (LDR and FDR), and equity to total asset ratio (ETA). The results show that credit portfolio diversification reduces credit risk i

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Kireyeva, A. A., Z. T. Satpayeva, and M. T. Urdabayev. "Analysis of the Digital Readiness and the Level of the ICT Development in Kazakhstan’s Regions." Economy of Region 18, no. 2 (2022): 464–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-12.

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The level of digital readiness and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) are key factors of any innovation policy. This research has highlighted the development of analysis of the degree of digital readiness and assessment methods of digital transformations, which can be used at various levels of business management to formulate digital transformation strategies. The present study investigates the theoretical framework in the field of innovation and spatial development considering the impact of the level of ICT. The research was conducted using index and economic-

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Singh, Pabitra, Bishnu Charan Behera, and Amita Kumari Choudhury. "Environmental Impact of Coal Mining on Local Livelihoods in Odisha, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 04 (2023): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i04.027.

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The study aims to examine the sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) of local people in Talcher coal mining in Odisha. The study used five types of capital such as human, social, financial, physical and natural. The Herfindahl Hirschman index has been used to differentiate income diversification in mining villages and control villages. The backwards step-wise multiple regression model has been used to show the relationship between expenditure and different socio-economic variables in the mining villages. The Mining has a positive footprint on physical capital. But it has detrimental effects o

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Nechvoloda, E. A., E. B. Koreeva, and S. A. Gryaznov. "APPLICATION OF THE GAME THEORY AND REFLEXIVITY WHILE DEVELOPING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CHOOSING A STRATEGY BY THE RUSSIAN BANKING MARKET PLAYERS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 10 (2020): 2364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-10-2364-2373.

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The gradual development of society and innovations in the Russian economy over the past century has led to the emergence of market relations in the country, which, unlike the planned economy that existed before, meant freedom of development and action. However, because such changes, market participants had to pay attention to new factors - risk, competition, etc. To improve the efficiency and results of decisions made in the given conditions, enterprises use game theory, thanks to which each agent can predict the actions of other agents and develop a strategy for his own game that would bring

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Naert, Jan, Griet Roets, Rudi Roose, and Wouter Vanderplasschen. "Fight, freeze or flee: Exploring youngsters’ strategies in dealing with youth care interventions." Qualitative Social Work 19, no. 5-6 (2019): 1147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019882078.

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Continuity of care is seen as a challenge for youth care services. Research on continuity of care in relation to youth care services is scarce, and there is a strong tendency to overly stress the managerial and technical aspects of care. However, research on continuity from a youngster’s perspective suggests a more complex construction of continuity. The connection with youth care services is especially under pressure in the confrontation with difficulties and critical moments. In this narrative study, we aim at gaining insight into youngsters’ different strategies in vulnerable situations whe

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Зенов, C. В. "CREDIT RATING AGENCIES AS AN ELEMENT OF FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURES: A POLITICAL ECONOMIC APPROACH." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 1(61) (March 28, 2023): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2023.1.184-192.

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Цель статьи – рассмотреть кредитно-рейтинговые агентства как элемент финансовой инфраструктуры в рамках политэкономического подхода, проанализировать их деятельность в современном мире. Научная новизна заключается в политико-экономическом аспекте исследования указанных агентств в отличие от распространенного в экономической литературе прикладного характера (в основном исследуются эконометрические инструменты деятельности кредитно-рейтинговых агентств и предлагаются модели по улучшению качества рейтинга). В статье выделены предпосылки появления рейтинговых агентств. Проведен анализ интересов су

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