Academic literature on the topic 'Hirshman-Herfindahl Index'

The study was carried out in Akure, Ondo State. Multi stage and sampling technique procedure was used which involved purposive and random sampling methods in selecting the respondents with the aid of well-structured questionnaire with interview schedule. Descriptive statistical analysis, budgetary techniques, marketing margin analysis as well as Gini-coefficient and Herfindahl Hirshman Index was used for the analysis of variables. The result reviewed that more of the imported brands of rice in all the four market sampled than the local rice, with local rice margin as percentage of total marketing margin (16.95%) lower than that of local rice (17.78%) the average marketing efficiency of 349.91% and 467.89% were obtained from imported and local rice respectively while the Gini- coefficient (GC) Herfindahl Hirshman Index (HHI) values of 0.68 and 0.28 were obtained reviewing that rice marketing were highly concentrated with non-competitive practices showing disparity in earnings. The prevailing duration stocks were held in shops by trader was three to four weeks and the major sources of obtaining market information was mobile phone. The study recommends provision of storage facilities for the traders and also improvement in the quality of local rice with policy implementation that discourage importation of commodity as a way out of boosting and encouraging local rice production and its consumption.

In pursuit of economic growth and development, companies have tried to strike a balance between competition and monopoly power. This paper reviews evidence on industrial concentration and its economic consequences (notably firms’ performance as measured by innovation output) in the framework of emerging market conditions. Competition theory was built in developed countries under assumptions that do not necessarily fit emerging economies. Our main research question is whether the level of local market concentration influences (and if it does, in which way) innovation activity undertaken by companies operating on emerging markets. Apart from linear association, the empirical literature suggests that industrial concentration could exhibit an inverted U-relationship as far as its link to certain economic indicators of success, such as innovation output. We measure concentration by using the Herfindahl-Hirshman Index. This paper finds empirical evidence in support of the Schumpeterian hypothesis that more concentrated industries stimulate innovation and observe the inverted U-relationship curve. Further, the empirical model demonstrates the relative importance of technological leadership in concentration industries to enhance innovations. This suggests a role for recalibrating firm and industry policies.

Banking as an intermediary institution has an essential role in the world of economy. Apart from providing financing to the real sector, banks currently still dominate the Indonesian financial system with an asset share of 77.25%. Based on the existing conditions, Indonesia's banking market is still dominated by several banks, especially in the BUKU 4 bank group. This is to indicate a bank of Indonesia is generally still facing relatively low competition. In addition, the large concentration makes it necessary for banks to divert their main activities by diversifying into non-traditional activities in carrying out their operations. This study aims to analyze how the market competition in Indonesia during the period 2014-2019 and examine the effect of competition and diversification income on stable banks. The panzer rosse model is used to analyze the market structure; for diversification, this research uses calculations with the Herfindahl Hirshman Index while stability uses two risk measures, namely NPL and Z Score, as a proxy for stability. The results show that, in general, the banking industry is under monopolistic competition. Competition has a significant effect on stability banks as measured through NPL risk, and this research supports the competition-fragility paradigm. A meanwhile, diversification income variables have not to effect on stability.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5887

The current paper tests the applicability of the SCP framework i.e. industrial structure, conduct and performance in the Indian tourism industry. Herfindahl-Hirshman Index was used to understand concentration index for the Indian tourism industry and the structure conduct and performance relationship was tested using fixed effect model for panel regression in Eviews. The data was collected from Prowess for 23 companies in the tourism industry for a period of five years i.e. 2011 to 2015. The results of the study indicated that the Indian tourism industry was highly concentrated between 2011-2015, with a few major players enjoying majority market share, however, in 2015, the indicators pointed towards lower levels of concentration. The panel regression analysis indicated that the SCP paradigm was not supported for Indian tourism industry, though support was found for relationship between conduct and performance. The negative relationship between conduct and performance also indicated that there was a higher expenditure on marketing and advertising in the industry. The results of the study indicated that the industry was not working on IO based structure but rather Efficiency bases model which needed to be studied further.

Agricultural production activities are gradually becoming important livelihood diversification among urban and peri-urban households whose main occupation is public service. The study focuses on livelihood diversification through agricultural production activities among public servants in Kwara State, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data (production records) were collected. Three hundred and thirty public servants comprising 150 fish farmers, 60 broiler farmers and 120 arable crop farmers were randomly selected through field survey with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using Herfindahl‐Hirshman index (HHI), net margin and stochastic frontier profit function regression analysis. Fish, broiler and arable crop production were profitable with mean profit of ₦132,260 per 1000 fingerlings, ₦912 per bird and ₦89,564 per ha and mean profit efficiency of 72.6%, 74% and 68% respectively. The HHI of diversity revealed a significant level of income diversification to agricultural production activities. These contributed about 40%, 36.5% and 29% to total household income of public servants who engaged in fish farming, broiler production and arable cropping respectively. Public servant farmers should form a formidable group to enjoy economic of scale to purchase agricultural inputs and should be given adequate training through their cooperative by inviting resource personnel.

Appropriate use of antibiotics is an important strategy to combat the problem of growing antibiotic resistance rates. In order to follow this strategy, it is important to understand the determinants of antibiotic use. We analyse the potential link between competition among general practitioners (GPs) measured with the Herfindahl-Hirshman index (HHI) and regional antibiotic consumption in Norway in 2015 and 2016. We use the data about antibiotic consumption expressed by the number of prescriptions of antibiotics for systemic use (J01) and by the number of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections (phenoxymethylpenicillin (J01CE02), doxycycline (J01AA02), amoxicillin (J01CA04) and macrolides (J01FA)) per 1000 inhabitants. We apply multiple regression analysis to the data mentioned above and control for socioeconomic characteristics of the municipalities. Our findings suggest that competition may contribute to about 37-80 additional antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per year and 23-46 additional prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. Moreover, our estimations suggest that antibiotic prescription is significantly related to the average number of consultations per patient, the average length of the patient list, travel time to a pharmacy, income, and the share of women.