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Hardman, Blair D. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0024.html.
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Hardman, Blair. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/34.
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The transfer of threatened animals from one location to another in order to benefit the species is a technique frequently used by animal conservation managers. However, very few of these relocations have experimentally assessed the relative merits and disadvantages of commonly used release techniques. Two species of hare-wallaby, mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus), were reintroduced in August 2001 onto Peron Peninsula in Western Australia. These threatened species were reintroduced using two release strategies (soft versus hard release), and their subsequent movements and body condition were monitored using radio-telemetry and trapping.
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Hardman, Blair. "Reintroduction ecology of mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and merrnine (Lagostrophus fasciatus) at Shark Bay, Western Australia." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0024.html.
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Negrini, Marcelo. "Bioecologia e controle biológico da cochonilha-rosada em Roraima." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2016. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=375.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA cochonilha-rosada, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), é uma praga recém-introduzida no Brasil que ameaça inúmeras culturas, especialmente a fruticultura e plantas ornamentais. Essa praga foi relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil em Roraima e até o momento não existem informações sobre bioecologia e controle desta praga no país. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a biologia e a dinâmica populacional de M. hirsutus e de seus inimigos naturais em Roraima. O trabalho foi conduzido em laboratório para determinação dos parâmetros biológicos de M. hirsutus e em um cultivo de Annona squamosa L. (Anonaceae), para avaliação dos efeitos dos fatores climáticos, do controle biológico e do manejo da cultura sobre sua dinâmica populacional. Maconellicoccus hirsutus pode ter até nove gerações por ano, com 6,5 dias para dobrar sua população em tamanho. O número de fêmeas é cerca de três vezes maior que o de machos. A oviposição foi de 98 ovos/fêmea, com viabilidade de 97%. As populações de M. hirsutus foram maiores durante o período de frutificação e não apresentam correlação com as variáveis climáticas. Os níveis de infestação foram baixos (5,2 %), e isto pode estar relacionado às elevadas taxas de parasitismo (55,4 %) por Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) e a predação por bicho-lixeiro (Chrysopidae). Árvores podadas apresentaram infestações menores que as encontradas em árvores não podadas. Maconellicoccus hirsutus possui elevado potencial biótico em condições de clima seco e quente, entretanto a ação de seus inimigos naturais associados às boas práticas de manejo podem manter baixos os níveis populacionais de M. hirsutus.
The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a pest recently introduced in Brazil threatens numerous crops, especially to orchards and ornamental plants. The first reported of this pest in Brazil was in Roraima, and there was not information about its bioecology and biological control in the country. The objective of this work was to study the biology and the population dynamic of M. hirsutus and of its natural enemies in Roraima. The work was conducted in the laboratory to determine the biological parameters of M. hirsutus and in an orchard of Annona squamosa L. (Anonaceae), to evaluate the effect of the climate, biological control and crop management on its dynamic population. Maconellicoccus hirsutus can have up to nine generations per year, with 6.5 days to double their population size. The number of females is about three times larger than that of males. The oviposition was 98 eggs / female, with viability of 97%. Populations of M. hirsutus were higher during the period of fruiting and it did not correlate with climate variables. The infestation levels were low (5.2%) and can be related to high parasitism rates (55.4%) by por Anagyrus kamali Moursi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and predation by lacewing (Chrysopidae). Pruned trees were less infested 40.95% lower than those trees not pruned. Maconellicoccus hirsutus has a high biotic potential in dry and warm weather conditions, however its natural enemies associated to a good management practices can maintain the population levels of M. hirsutus low.
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Vitullo, Justin Matthew. "Ecological and behavioral factors associated with monitoring and managing pink hibiscus mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the southern US." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28238.
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The pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was investigated with regard to damage caused to hibiscus by feeding, dispersal of nymphs, evaluation of management tactics, and the use of sex pheromone based monitoring in southern Florida from 2005 to 2008. Understanding the ability of PHM to locate and colonize new hosts, and the response of hosts is essential to optimized monitoring and management strategies. Investigation of the onset and severity of PHM feeding symptoms by Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. showed that severity of symptoms differed among cultivars and that PHM were found on plants that did not exhibit feeding symptoms. Aerially dispersing PHM were predominantly first instars. Dispersal occurred with a diel periodicity that peaked between 14:00 and 18:00 h and was significantly influenced by mean wind speed. Initial infestation with 5, 10, or 20 PHM adult females had no significant affect on the number of dispersing individuals captured from hibiscus plants and PHM were captured at 50 m from infested source plants.
The effects of mating disruption, the insecticide (dinotefuran), the parasitoid, Anagyrus kamali (Moursi), and the predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) on PHM on hibiscus plants in screened field cages were evaluated. The total number of mealybugs captured in sticky band and pheromone traps during the study was reduced by dinotefuran and the predator. At the end of the study, the number of nymphs recovered from hibiscus terminals was reduced by the dinotefuran, predator and parasitoid treatments. Field experiments showed that the time of day during which male PHM were captured in pheromone traps in May and September was crepuscular, with most captures occurring from 18:00 to 21:00 h. Significantly more males were captured in traps placed in non-host trees at an elevation of 2 m above the ground than 6 m, and more males were captured in traps placed within host plants than in those 3 m upwind. Pheromone traps placed in hibiscus treated with soil applied dinotefuran or left untreated captured equal numbers of males during the 3 wk prior to treatment and during the 12 wk after treatment. Release of parasitoids at residential sites did not have a significant effect on the total number of males captured in sex pheromone traps over 18 mo. The number of mealybugs found at both parasitoid release and untreated sites were highly variable and corresponded with males captured in sex pheromone traps, as high and low levels of mealybugs corresponded with high and low levels of males captured. The number of males captured in pheromone traps during a two week survey at residential sites in May were a strong predictor of subsequent captures in 2006 (r2 = 0. 712), but not 2007 (r2 = 0.019). The relationship between PHM populations and males captured in sex pheromone traps was influenced by a multitude of factors that can impact the ability of traps to accurately reflect populations at a given location. Pheromone traps have the potential to provide meaningful information towards monitoring and mitigating risk from PHM. The contributions of this dissertation towards optimizing PHM sex pheromone monitoring, as well as facets of PHM monitoring that have yet to be resolved are discussed.Ph. D.
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Treloar, Shannon. "Potential for resource competition between the boodie (Bettongia lesueur) and mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus) in the fenced Matuwa reserve, central Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2514.
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Translocations to closed systems such as fenced reserves are commonly used for the conservation of threatened fauna species worldwide and although fenced reserves can provide significant conservation benefits to biodiversity, they can also bring forth potential threats. Ecologically similar species can stably coexist by partitioning resources along at least one of three niche dimensions (food, space, or time), thereby reducing interspecific competition. However, resources are limited in fenced reserves and natural processes that regulate populations in response to resource availability, such as dispersal into surrounding areas, are unable to occur. Consequently, there is increased potential for competition because there are less resources available for partitioning. Furthermore, the removal of predators and competitors, both native and introduced, can increase the risk of overpopulation due to a reduction in the incidence of density-dependant mortality. This can potentially lead to overuse of resources and further increase the potential for competition. Interspecific competition may lead to the decline or exclusion of a more sensitive species by a less sensitive species. Such interactions are difficult to predict, especially as many threatened species no longer naturally co-exist in their current ranges or are poorly studied.
I investigated resource use of two potentially competing native marsupials, boodies (Bettongia lesueur) and mala (Lagorchestes hirsutus), that co-exist in a 1100 ha predator-free fenced reserve located in the arid rangelands of central Western Australia. Resource overlap between coexisting populations of these two species has not been studied previously, but the literature suggests the potential for considerable dietary overlap. I investigated the degree of dietary overlap using scat DNA from non-invasively collected scats, as well as the degree of spatial overlap using scat counts and temporal overlap using camera traps. Boom-bust dynamics have been observed in the Matuwa boodie population (and elsewhere), which raised the concern of subsequent suppression of the potentially less competitive mala. The suppression of mala however cannot be confirmed because there are currently no effective methods to monitor the population size of this elusive species at Matuwa. Therefore, I also trialled non-invasive DNA-based sampling methods using field-collected scats to estimate the abundance of the Matuwa mala population. This method has not been used on mala previously.
Results from the dietary analyses suggest there is potential for significant exploitative competition, as both species’ scats consisted of a high percentage of Acacia spp. However, the Acacia DNA could not be identified to species level and there are at least 19 Acacia species within the enclosure, so it is unknown which species they are consuming, and further studies are necessary to resolve the extend of overlap. Additionally, boodies also consumed a much higher proportion of fungi than mala, which may reduce the extent of overall dietary overlap, thereby reducing the potential for resource competition. The species displayed no sign of significant spatial or temporal avoidance at a broad scale, possibly because dietary partitioning exists so there is limited risk from using the same habitats and having similar activity rhythms. The results however, suggest the potential for fine scale spatial and temporal avoidance; this should be investigated further.
This study successfully used non-invasively collected scat DNA to identify individuals and estimate the abundance of the mala population at Matuwa. Spatially explicit capture recapture (SECR) and mark-resight models estimated a population size of over 110 individuals. With refined scat collection methods, DNA-based sampling will be an effective and valuable method for monitoring mala. This is a significant outcome because current methods have limited success with the elusive species, but it is essential the few remaining mala populations are effectively monitored to prevent further decline.
The information gained from this study will contribute to the successful conservation of boodies and mala by adding to existing knowledge and providing insight into the ability of these species to coexist. Finally, this study will contribute to gaining a better understanding of resource use by small mammals and how they partition resources (including food, space and time) in a closed environment where resources are significantly more limited than the wider landscape.
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Stover, Rachyl-anne. "Description of the dietary breadth and overlap of the translocated Shark Bay rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and banded hare-wallaby (Lagostrophus fasciatus) using scat DNA." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2025. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2922.
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Conservation translocations are increasingly used worldwide to prevent extinctions and support ecological restoration projects. These translocations involve a lot of uncertainty, particularly when species are introduced to ecosystems where they have not previously coexisted. Many historical translocations in Australia and globally have failed due to insufficient baseline data and inadequate post-translocation monitoring. Contemporary translocations can aim to improve translocation outcomes by increasing baseline data collection and developing robust post-release monitoring for translocated species. The development of environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques has facilitated the collection of information from environments with minimal disturbance to species. The advancement of such passive monitoring techniques has allowed for increased ability to monitor and study cryptic and rare species.
The Shark Bay rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri) and the banded hare-wallaby (Lagostrophus fasciatus) were introduced to Dirk Hartog Island (DHI) from founder populations on the Bernier and Dorre islands in Shark Bay, Western Australia, as part of the Dirk Hartog Island National Park Ecological Restoration Program. Once found across large areas of south-west and central Australia, the populations on the Bernier and Dorre islands are the last natural populations of the two species due to habitat loss and predation post-European colonisation. As the rufous hare-wallaby and banded hare-wallaby have not been previously recorded on DHI, there was uncertainty regarding their successful establishment on the island and their potential interactions with each other and other species involved in the restoration program.
The diets of rufous hare-wallabies and banded hare-wallabies were investigated through the DNA metabarcoding of scat samples from three islands in Shark Bay, Western Australia. This researched aimed to assess dietary overlap and the potential for resource competition between the two hare-wallaby species. Additionally, the difference in diet between the founder populations to their post-translocation diets on DHI were analysed as an indication of dietary flexibility and adaptability to environmental changes. The diets of both species of hare-wallaby were found to be broad, containing taxa from multiple plant families including invasive weeds. On DHI there was a high degree of overlap in the diets of the two species, indicating a risk of resource competition. The diets of the translocated populations differed significantly from the founder populations, which demonstrated flexible foraging behaviour and signified that rufous hare-wallabies and banded hare-wallabies are excellent candidates for future translocation projects on other islands and within mainland reserves.
This thesis is the first study to define and compare the diets of the Shark Bay rufous hare-wallaby and the banded hare-wallaby using scat DNA. The understanding of diet is fundamental to ecology and an essential consideration in restoration projects involving new species interactions. The findings from this research can benefit the fulfilment of translocation success criteria related to species establishment and health targets for the new populations. By demonstrating the dietary breadth and flexibility of Shark Bay’s hare-wallabies, this thesis exemplifies the utility of scat DNA in supporting the conservation of translocated fauna.
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Frederick, Samuel Lee Locy Robert D. "Thermotolerance in Gossypium hirsutum." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/FREDERICK_SAMUEL_25.pdf.
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Higaki, Willian Akio. "Bacillus subtilis e abamectina no controle de Rotylenchulus reniformis e Pratylenchus brachyurus e alterações fisiológicas em algodoeiro em condições controladas." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/399.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-10The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cotton seed treatments with Bacillus subtilis and a chemical nematicide (abamectin) on plant development in soils infested with nematodes. For this, the cotton genotypes IAC 25, Deltaopal and Nuopal were cultivated in ceramic pots with 10 kg of soil in a greenhouse. The soils samples were collected from areas under cotton cultivation in western Bahia State infested with Pratylenchus brachyurus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. To evaluate the efficiency of biological control of nematodes with B. subtilis, a previous inoculation of the cotton seeds at the date planting was made comparatively to the reference the application of the nematicide abamectin (AVICTA 500 FS®) in the seeds. After 45 days of cultivation leaf samples were collected for proline and peroxidase analyzes in all treatments. The plants were analyzed 60 days after planting for active nematodes in the root and in the soil. The most susceptible genotype (Deltaopal) showed higher proline content in their leaves. The hypothesis that the B. subtilis could act effectively in the control of the nematodes R. reniformis and P. brachyurus in cotton plants was confirmed in this study. It was also observed that the treatment of cotton seeds with B. subtilis was as efficient as the treatment with the chemical nematicide abamectin. The cotton genotypes responded differently to the chemical and biological control treatments. The effects of the both seed treatments on the reduction of the nematodes and on the plant growth were more pronounced in the soils with higher infestation.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento do algodoeiro em solos infestados com nematoides em função do tratamento de sementes com nematicida químico (abamectina) e Bacillus subtilis. Foram utilizados os genótipos de algodoeiro: IAC 25, Deltaopal e Nuopal. O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em área de cultivo de algodoeiro nos Municípios de Luiz Eduardo Magalhães e São Desidério, localizados no Oeste Baiano, com histórico prévio de infestação de Pratylenchus brachyurus e Rotylenchulus reniformis. Para avaliação da eficiência do controle biológico de nematoides com Bacillus subtilis, procedeu-se a inoculação prévia das sementes de algodão no momento da semeadura, utilizando-se também como referência comparativa a aplicação de nematicida de contato Abamectina (AVICTA 500 FS®) nas sementes. Aos 45 dias de cultivo foram coletadas amostras de tecido foliar para realização de análises de prolina e peroxidase nas folhas. O genótipo mais suscetível (Deltaopal) apresentou maior teor de prolina nas folhas. As plantas foram coletadas aos 60 dias após a semeadura para a avaliação de nematoides nas raízes e no solo em cada tratamento. A hipótese de que o B. subtilis possa atuar de forma eficaz no controle dos nematoides (R. reniformis e P. brachyurus) no cultivo do algodoeiro, avaliados neste estudo, foi confirmada. Foi também comprovado que o tratamento com B. subtilis equivaleu-se à eficiência de controle obtido com o uso do nematicida convencional. Os genótipos de algodoeiro responderam de forma diferente aos tratamentos efetuados para controle dos nematoides. O controle de nematoides e o desenvolvimento das plantas em função dos tratamentos efetuados foram mais significativos nos solos com maior infestação de nematoides.
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Lehle, Fredric R., and Omer K. Ahmed. "Fermentation in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seeds." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204520.
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Ethanol and acetaldehyde production by cotton seeds subjected to anoxic stress imposed by CO₂ or N₂ gas was quantified during the imbibition phase. Fermentation capacity was low in dry seeds and quickly increased during the first few hours of imbibition. In hydrated seeds, ethanol and acetaldehyde excretion following anoxic stress followed a linear trend in time. Ethanol excretion exceeded that of acetaldehyde by an order of magnitude. Similar rates of production were observed whether anoxic was imposed by either CO₂ or N₂ gas. Excreted ethanol and acetaldehyde were rapidly metabolized following alleviation of anoxic stress.
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Local, Andrea. "Cloning of Carbonic Anhydrase from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279044/.
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Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous zinc-metalloenzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonate and has been found to play a wide range of roles in animals, plants and bacteria. Cotton genomic and cDNA libraries were screened for the plastidial isoform of carbonic anhydrase. The nucleotide sequences of two 1.2 Kb partial cDNA clones were determined. These clones exhibit high homology to carbonic anhydrases from other dicot plants and possess all the expected peptide motifs. For example, serine and threonine rich chloroplastic targeting peptide and conserved zinc binding residues are both present. These clones were utilized to isolate two carbonic anhydrase genes that were shown to encode different isoforms by PCR and RFLP analysis.
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Huff, Jonathan Andrew. "Glyphosate Tolerance in Roundup Ready Flex Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04092007-153615.
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Farias, Angélica Torres Vilar de. "Crescimento e desenvolvimento do algodoeiro em função de doses de silício e ácido salicílico." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1927.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-17The herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. race Latifolium Hutch) is one of the top ten species domesticated by human beings. Its main product is the fiber that wears almost half of humanity. It is also a source of protein, the fifth oilseed of the world and the second of Brazil, and the third source of biodiesel in our country with excellent quality oil, which is very good for human consumption and for the production of biofuels, and good chemical stability. Among the limiting factors for the cotton plant development stands mineral nutrition considering that there is little information available for this cultivar about the use of silicon, as a beneficial element and also the use of new plant hormones, that is the case of salicylic acid, used isolated and in combination. The objective of this research to identify and quantify the isolated and in combination effects of these two products on growth and biochemical aspects of herbaceous cotton, cultivar BRS 8H, that is quite drought resistant and produces an average of excellent intrinsic quality fiber. The experiment was conducted in semi-controlled conditions (greenhouse) in Campina Grande, Paraiba, on the premises of Embrapa Algodão in 20 liters capacity vessels. It was used a completely randomized design with three replications and 16 treatments, in a 4 x 4 factorial analysis scheme, having as factor four silicon concentrations: 0; 40; 80 e 120 g L-1 and four salicylic acid concentrations: : 0; 5; 10 e 15 mM. It was measured several variables of growth, such as non-destructive analysis (leaf area, stem diameter and plant height) at various periods of the cycle of the plant besides dry weight, leaf area ratio, leaf weight ratio, specific leaf area and biochemical aspects (total chlorophyll content and peroxidase activity). The cotton plant cv. BRS 8H when grown under foliar application of silicon (SI), and salicylic acid (SA) isolated and in combination, showed significant changes in growth and biochemical aspects, which highlights the need for further research with larger amplitude range of these factors order to obtain more conclusive results for the tested variables.
O algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. raça Latifolium Hutch.) é uma das dez principais espécies domesticadas pelo homem, seu produto principal é a fibra que veste quase metade da humanidade. É ainda fonte de proteína, a quinta oleaginosa do mundo e a segunda do Brasil, e a terceira fonte de biodiesel do nosso país, tendo um óleo de excelente qualidade, muito bom para a alimentação humana e para a produção de biocombustíveis, sendo de boa estabilidade química. Dentre os fatores limitantes para o desenvolvimento do algodoeiro destaca-se a nutrição mineral, tendo em vista que são poucas as informações disponíveis para esta cultivar sobre o uso do silício, como elemento benéfico e também o uso de novos hormônios de plantas, caso do ácido salicílico, utilizados isolados e em conjunto, objetivou-se com este trabalho de pesquisa verificar e quantificar os efeitos isolados e conjuntos destes dois produtos no crescimento e aspectos bioquímicos do algodoeiro herbáceo, cultivar BRS 8H, que é bem resistente a seca e produz fibra média de excelente qualidade intrínseca. O experimento foi conduzido em condições semicontroladas (casa de vegetação), em Campina Grande, PB, nas dependências da sede da Embrapa Algodão em vasos de 20 litros de capacidade. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e 16 tratamentos, em esquema de análise fatorial 4 x 4, sendo os fatores quatro concentrações de silício: 0; 40; 80 e 120 g L-1 e quatro concentrações de ácido salicílico: 0; 5; 10 e 15 mM. Foram medidas diversas variáveis do crescimento, tais como análise não destrutiva (área foliar, diâmetro do caule e altura de planta) em vários períodos do ciclo da planta, além de massa seca, razão de área foliar, razão de peso foliar, área foliar específica e aspectos bioquímicos (teor de clorofila total e atividade da peroxidase). O algodoeiro cv. BRS 8H quando cultivado sob a aplicação foliar do silício (SI) e do ácido salicílico (AS) isolados e conjuntamente, apresentou alterações significativas no crescimento e em aspectos bioquímicos, o que evidencia a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas com maior faixa de amplitude desses fatores para que se obtenham resultados mais conclusivos para as variáveis testadas.
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Sayegh, Majd. "La résistance du cotonnier Gossypium hirsutum à la bactériose causée par Xanthomonas campestris pathovar malvacearum : rôle du gène GhLOX1 dans la réaction hypersensible." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL077N/document.
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La RH est une réaction de défense. L’interaction entre G.hirsutum et Xcm repose sur le concept gène-à-gène. L’infection du cultivar Réba B50 possédant les gènes R B2B3 par Xcm18 conduit à une RH associée à une activité LOX, responsable de la peroxydation des lipides, et à la transcription du GhLOX1. Premièrement, 6 génotypes de G.hirsutum contenant divers gènes R ont été retenus pour analyser la variabilité de la réponse LOX suite à l’infection par Xcm1, 18 ou 20. Notre étude a porté sur plusieurs critères, le phénotype, la perte en eau, l’activité LOX et la transcription du GhLOX1. Les résultats montrent une variabilité du phénotype RH en fonction des sources de résistances. Pour chaque type d’interaction incompatible, l’activité LOX et la transcription du GhLOX1 révèlent une augmentation significative corrélée à l’apparition des symptômes RH et à la diminution de la teneur en eau. La réponse LOX est conservée lors de la RH, quelle que soit la race de Xcm ou le génotype. Le GhLOX1 considère comme un marqueur moléculaire de la résistance spécifique du cotonnier à Xcm. Deuxièmement, le rôle du GhLOX1dans la mise en place de la RH en analysant sa fonction potentielle par surexpression. Des cotylédons ont été transformés avec la séquence codante GhLOX1 fusionnée au CaMV35S. Ces cotylédons transformés ont révélé (i) une activité LOX significativement supérieure à celle des cotylédons témoins montrant que le GhLOX1 code pour une protéine active et (ii) un phénotype sans modifications apparentes par rapport à celui des cotylédons non transformées, sauf dans certains contextes d’interactions cotonnier/Xcm où la surexpression de ce gène induit l’apparition de symptômes de type RH. L’effet de l’agro-infiltration sur l’expression de certains gènes pendant la transformation a révélé l’induction précoce et non spécifique de l’expression de gènes de défense. Ces travaux constituent une première étape dans l’analyse fonctionnelle du GhLOX1 dans la résistance spécifique du cotonnier à XcmThe HR is a defense strategy. The interaction between G.hirsutum and Xcm is governed by the gene-for-gene concept. The infection of the cultivar Reba B50 that contains B2B3 R genes by race Xcm18 leads to a HR associated with a LOX activity response involved in peroxidation of lipids and with transcription of GhLOX1. First, 6 genotypes of G. hirsutum containing various R genes were tested to analyze the variability of the LOX response following the infection by Xcm1, 18 or 20. Several criteria were investigated including the phenotype, the water loss, the LOX activity and GhLOX1 transcription. The results showed variation in HR phenotype according to the tested R genes. For each type of the incompatible interaction, LOX activity and transcription of GhLOX1 were always significantly increased paralleled the apparition of the HR symptoms and the decrease in the water content. LOX response (enzymatic activity and GhLOX1 transcription) is associated with HR whatever the genotype of both Xcm races and cotton plant. Thus, the GhLOX1 consider as a molecular marker of the cotton specific resistance to Xcm. Second, the role of the GhLOX1 gene in the execution of the cotton HR to Xcm by analyzing its possible function by over-expression, the cotyledons were transformed with the GhLOX1 coding sequence fused to the CaMV35S. These transformed cotyledons revealed (i) a LOX activity significantly higher than that detected in the control, showing that the GhLOX1 encodes for an active protein and (ii) that the phenotype of these cotyledons was indistinguishable as compared to the non transformed cotyledons, except when the HR symptoms were induced in some GhLOX1-over-expressed cotyledons. The effect of agro-infiltration on expression of some plant genes during the transformation revealed early and nonspecific induction of the expression of defense genes. This work constitutes a preliminary investigation for the functional analysis of the GhLOX1 in order to assess its role in the cotton specific resistance to Xcm
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Furtado, Roselayne Ferro. "Cultivares de algodoeiro herbÃceo submetidas à infestaÃÃo natural de pragas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1318.
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As cultivares de algodoeiro apresentam caracterÃsticas morfolÃgicas e quÃmicas diferentes que podem influenciar a susceptibilidade Ãs pragas. Neste contexto, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de comparar a suscetibilidade das cultivares de algodoeiro herbÃceo BRS Antares, BRS 201, BRS Facual, BRS IpÃ, BRS ITA 96 BRS Sucupira, CNPA 8H, CNPA ITA 90, CNPA Precoce 3 e DeltaOpal Ãs pragas agrÃcolas, nas condiÃÃes de Fortaleza, CE. No experimento em campo, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com trÃs repetiÃÃes para as plantas submetidas à infestaÃÃo natural e uma repetiÃÃo para as plantas com controle da infestaÃÃo. Cada parcela constituiu-se de trÃs linhas de trÃs metros, sendo a Ãrea Ãtil composta somente da linha central constituÃda por treze plantas. Para o monitoramento das pragas fez-se a cada sete dias observaÃÃes em campo. Na InfestaÃÃo por cochonilha (Planococcus sp.) e pulgÃo (Aphis gossypii) anotou-se o nÃmero de plantas infestadas quando essas apresentavam pelo menos uma colÃnia da espÃcie. Para o ataque de besouro-creme (Costalimaita ferruginea) anotou-se o nÃmero de plantas que apresentavam dano ≥ 10% do nÃmero total de folhas. Na infestaÃÃo por lagarta-rosada (Pectinophora gossypiella) anotou-se o nÃmero de plantas atacadas. Foram consideradas as seguintes caracterÃsticas agronÃmicas: (a) altura de inserÃÃo do primeiro ramo frutÃfero, (b) nÃmero de nÃs atà o primeiro ramo frutÃfero, (c) altura de plantas, (d) nÃmero de ramos frutÃferos por planta, (e) nÃmero de capulhos por planta, (f) dias para abertura da primeira flor, (g) dias para abertura do primeiro capulho, (h) peso mÃdio do capulho, (i) percentagem de fibra, (j) peso de 100 sementes, (l) precocidade da colheita e (m) produÃÃo. No experimento de casa-de-vegetaÃÃo, plantas das dez cultivares foram infestadas apÃs dezesseis dias de germinaÃÃo com cinco pulgÃes adultos. A contagem do nÃmero de adultos/planta foi realizada apÃs vinte e quatro horas de infestaÃÃo e a segunda avaliaÃÃo referente ao nÃmero de ninfas e de adultos/planta foi feita decorridos seis dias da instalaÃÃo do experimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez tratamentos e seis repetiÃÃes. As pragas cochonilha, pulgÃo e besouro-creme nÃo demonstraram diferenÃa na preferÃncia das cultivares. A infestaÃÃo pela lagarta-rosada foi maior nas cultivares: BRS Antares, CNPA Precoce 3 e DeltaOpal. Foram encontradas reduÃÃes significativas em relaÃÃo ao controle para as seguintes caracterÃsticas: altura de inserÃÃo do primeiro ramo frutÃfero, altura das plantas, produÃÃo, precocidade e peso mÃdio dos capulhos. Considerando a infestaÃÃo das pragas e o rendimento de fibra na produÃÃo total entre as plantas infestadas, verificou-se que a cultivar CNPA Precoce 3 e CNPA ITA 90 apresentaram valores inferior e superior Ãs outras cultivares, respectivamente. Na infestaÃÃo artificial feita com os pulgÃes, nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre as cultivares, as quais apresentaram em mÃdia 4,06 adultos apÃs 24 horas de infestaÃÃo, 7,76 e 62,91 ninfas e adultos apÃs seis dias de infestaÃÃo, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que a CNPA ITA 90 foi a cultivar com melhor desempenho nesta pesquisa em frente à susceptibilidade Ãs pragas.The cotton cultivars have different morphological and chemical characteristics that may influence the susceptibility of the plants to pests. The objective of this work was to compare the susceptibility of the Upland cotton cultivars BRS Antares, BRS 201, BRS Facual, BRS IpÃ, BRS ITA 96, BRS Sucupira, CNPA 8 H, CNPA ITA 90, CNPA Precoce 3 and DeltaOpal to agricultural pests in the conditions of Fortaleza-CearÃ, Brazil. In field tests, the experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replications for the plants submitted to natural infestation and one repetition for the plants with control of the infestation. Each experimental unit had three rows with three meters long. The area observation was composed by the central row with thirteen plants. The evaluations of the infestations were made across observations in the field ever each seven days. The number of plants infested by mealybug (Planococcus sp.) and aphid (Aphis gossypii) was recorded each seven days when the plants had at least one colony of the species. The number of plants infested by yellow beetle (Costalimaita ferruginea) was recorded when the plants had at least 10% or more leaves damaged. In the infestation for pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) it was recorded the number of attacked plants. The following agronomic characteristics were considered: (a) first fruiting branch height, (b) number of nodes for the first fruiting branch, (c) plant height, (d) number of fruiting branches/plant, (e) number of boll/plant, (f) days of first flower open, (g) days of first boll open, (h) average of boll weight, (i) fiber percentage, (j) 100 seeds weight, (l) earliness and (m) yield. In greenhouse test, the plants of the ten cultivars were infested with six adult aphids after six days of germination. The number of adults/plant was recorded twenty four hours after infestation and the number of ninphs and adults/plant was also recorded six days after beginning of the experiment. The experimental design was a completely randomized with six replication of each cultivar. There were no significant differences among the cultivars damaged by Planococcus sp, A. gossypii, C. ferruginea. The cultivars BRS Antares, CNPA Precoce 3 and DeltaOpal were more infested by P. gossypiella than the other cultivars. There were significant differences among infested plants and control plants for the following characters: first fruiting branch height, plant height, earliness, yield and average of boll weight. CNPA Precoce 3 yielded less fibers and CNPA ITA 90 had the highest fiber yield. The greenhouse results indicated that there were no significant differences among the cultivars which showed an average of 4,06 adults twenty four hours after infestation and also 7,76 and 62,91 ninphs and adults respectively, six days after the infestation. CNPA ITA 90 cultivar was the one with smaller susceptibility to pests.
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Melero, Mariana Moreira [UNESP]. "Aplicação de subdoses dos herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-d e paraquat em algodoeiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138225.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O Brasil encontra-se entre os maiores produtores mundiais de algodão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da aplicação de subdoses dos herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-D e paraquat em algodoeiro em condições de campo. Nos três anos agrícolas estudados (2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2013/2014), foram instalados três ensaios, em cada ano, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, da Faculdade de Engenharia – Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas para cada um dos ensaios. No primeiro ensaio, os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das subdoses do herbicida glyphosate, sendo: 0,0 (testemunha); 26,0; 52,0; 78,0; 104,0; e 130,0 g e.a. ha- 1; no segundo ensaio, os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das subdoses do herbicida 2,4-D, sendo: 0,0 (testemunha); 0,68; 1,36; 2,04; 2,72; e 3,40 g e.a. ha-1; E no terceiro ensaio, os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das subdoses do herbicida paraquat, sendo: 0,0 (testemunha); 4,8; 9,6; 14,4; 19,6; e 24,0 g i.a. ha-1. Para todos os ensaios, os produtos foram aplicados quando a cultura se encontrava no estádio B4. Observa-se que a produtividade de algodão em caroço aumentou até a subdose de 52 g e.a. glyphosate ha-1 no ano de 2010/11, não sendo observado tal efeito no ano 2011/12 e para o ano 2013/2014, houve um aumento de produção, porém não houve diferença estatística. No segundo ensaio, não houve diminuição na produtividade de algodão em caroço nos três anos de pesquisa e, no terceiro ensaio, a produtividade não sofreu interferência da aplicação, nos dois primeiros anos, para o terceiro ano, o paraquat apresentou resultados estatisticamente significativos, sendo a dosagem 24 g i. a. ha-1 a que apresentou maior incremento na produção em relação à testemunha.
The Brazil is among the largest producers of cotton. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of doses of application of glyphosate herbicide, 2,4-D and paraquat in cotton under field conditions. For all three crop years (2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2013/2014), three essays have been installed and the experimental design was the randomized blocks, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, totaling 24 plots for each the tests. In the first experiment, the treatments were a combination of doses of glyphosate, as follows: 0.0 (control); 26.0; 52.0; 78.0; 104.0; and 130.0 g a.e. ha-1; in the second trial, the treatments consisted of the application of 2,4-D herbicide doses, as follows: 0.0 (control); 0.68; 1.36; 2.04; 2.72; and 3.40 g a.e. ha-1; And in the third test, the treatments were a combination of doses of the herbicide paraquat, as follows: 0.0 (control); 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.6; and 24.0 g a.i. ha-1. The cotton productivity in core sub-dose increased to 52 g a.e glyphosate ha-1 in the year 2010/11, not being observed this effect in the year 2011/12 and for the year 2013/2014, an increase of production, but there was no statistical difference. In the second trial , there was no decrease in cotton productivity in seed in the three years of research and, the third test, productivity did not suffer application of interference in the first two years of study, for the third year, paraquat showed statistically significant results, the dosage being 24 g a.i.. ha-1 presented the highest increase in production compared to the control.
CAPES: 157840-1
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Melero, Mariana Moreira. "Aplicação de subdoses dos herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-d e paraquat em algodoeiro /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138225.
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Orientador: Enes Furlani JuniorResumo: O Brasil encontra-se entre os maiores produtores mundiais de algodão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da aplicação de subdoses dos herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-D e paraquat em algodoeiro em condições de campo. Nos três anos agrícolas estudados (2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2013/2014), foram instalados três ensaios, em cada ano, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, da Faculdade de Engenharia – Unesp, Campus de Ilha Solteira. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas para cada um dos ensaios. No primeiro ensaio, os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das subdoses do herbicida glyphosate, sendo: 0,0 (testemunha); 26,0; 52,0; 78,0; 104,0; e 130,0 g e.a. ha- 1; no segundo ensaio, os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das subdoses do herbicida 2,4-D, sendo: 0,0 (testemunha); 0,68; 1,36; 2,04; 2,72; e 3,40 g e.a. ha-1; E no terceiro ensaio, os tratamentos foram constituídos pela aplicação das subdoses do herbicida paraquat, sendo: 0,0 (testemunha); 4,8; 9,6; 14,4; 19,6; e 24,0 g i.a. ha-1. Para todos os ensaios, os produtos foram aplicados quando a cultura se encontrava no estádio B4. Observa-se que a produtividade de algodão em caroço aumentou até a subdose de 52 g e.a. glyphosate ha-1 no ano de 2010/11, não sendo observado tal efeito no ano 2011/12 e para o ano 2013/2014, houve um aumento de produção, porém não houve diferença estatística. No segundo ensaio, não... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Brazil is among the largest producers of cotton. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of doses of application of glyphosate herbicide, 2,4-D and paraquat in cotton under field conditions. For all three crop years (2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2013/2014), three essays have been installed and the experimental design was the randomized blocks, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, totaling 24 plots for each the tests. In the first experiment, the treatments were a combination of doses of glyphosate, as follows: 0.0 (control); 26.0; 52.0; 78.0; 104.0; and 130.0 g a.e. ha-1; in the second trial, the treatments consisted of the application of 2,4-D herbicide doses, as follows: 0.0 (control); 0.68; 1.36; 2.04; 2.72; and 3.40 g a.e. ha-1; And in the third test, the treatments were a combination of doses of the herbicide paraquat, as follows: 0.0 (control); 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.6; and 24.0 g a.i. ha-1. The cotton productivity in core sub-dose increased to 52 g a.e glyphosate ha-1 in the year 2010/11, not being observed this effect in the year 2011/12 and for the year 2013/2014, an increase of production, but there was no statistical difference. In the second trial , there was no decrease in cotton productivity in seed in the three years of research and, the third test, productivity did not suffer application of interference in the first two years of study, for the third year, paraquat showed statistically significant results, the dosage being 24 g a.i.. ha-1 presente... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Justi, Maria Marta [UNESP]. "Cloreto de Mepiquat em cultivares de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105176.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de cloreto de mepiquat em cultivares de algodão herbáceo, foi conduzido um experimento no ano agrícola de 2002/2003, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FEIS/UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, e quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram estudados quatro cultivares de algodão (Coodetec 401, IAC 24, DeltaOpal e Deltapine Acala 90) e nas subparcelas, três doses de cloreto de mepiquat (0,0; 50,0 e 100,0 g i.a.ha-1). As parcelas experimentais constituíram-se de seis linhas com 10 m de comprimento e 0,90 m de espaçamento entrelinhas, sendo consideradas úteis as quatro linhas centrais. Foram determinados, em dez plantas de cada parcela, a altura das plantas e o diâmetro do caule. O número de nós no caule, número de ramos e de capulhos por planta foi obtido em cinco plantas amostradas de cada parcela. A produção de algodão em caroço foi determinada através da colheita dos capulhos em quatro metros de cada uma das duas linhas centrais. Amostras de 20 capulhos de cada parcela foram utilizadas para a obtenção da massa média de um capulho, massa de 100 sementes, porcentagem de fibra e características tecnológicas da fibra. A análise de crescimento foi feita determinando-se, a cada 14 dias, a área foliar e a massa seca acumulada nos diferentes órgãos da planta. A partir desses dados foram calculados a área foliar total, razão de área foliar, área foliar específica, razão de massa de folhas, taxa de crescimento relativo e taxa assimilatória líquida. Considerando-se 100% a massa seca total, determinou-se a distribuição em porcentagem da massa seca entre as diferentes estruturas da planta...
The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of doses of mepiquat chloride in cotton cultivars in the agricultural year of 2002/2003, at Teaching and Research Farm of FEIS/UNESP, located in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was complete blocks in split-plot arrangement and four replications. In the plots four cotton cultivars (Coodetec 401, IAC 24, DeltaOpal and Deltapine Acala 90) were studied and in the subplots, three doses of mepiquat chloride (0,0; 50,0 and 100,0 g i.a.ha-1). The experimental plots had six rows with 10 m of length and 0,90 m between rows, being considered useful the central four rows. The height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were measured in ten plants in each plot. The number of nodes in the stem, number of branches and of fruits per plant were obtained in five plants collected from each plot. The cotton yield was determined through the harvested fruits of the two central rows. Samples of 20 fruits of each plot were used to obtain the average mass of one fruit, mass of 100 seeds, fiber percentage and technological characteristics of the fiber. The growth analysis was performed by determining, every 14 days, the leaf area and the dry mass accumulated in the different organs of the plant. From those data, total leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, ratio of leaf mass, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, were calculated. Considering the total dry mass as 100%, the distribution, in percentage, of the dry mass among the different structures of the plant was determined. The obtained results allowed to conclude that 50,0 g i.a.ha-1 of mepiquat chloride caused minor height of the plants in the Coodetec 401, DeltaOpal and Deltapine Acala 90 cultivars while, for 24 IAC the dose of 100,0 g i.a.ha-1 was the best... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
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Baloch, Gul Muhammad M. "Cell-bound phosphatase activity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5128/.
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A study was made of phosphorus nutrition in cotton cultivars derived from Pakistan with particular reference to phosphatase activity. Cultivars used were Qalandri, Rehmani, Reshami and TH-3/83; Qalandri was used for most of the phosphatase characteristic studies, since this cultivar exhibited the highest germination percentage and seedling establishment. Investigations of soil parameters from cotton growing region of Pakistan were also carried out. Soil pH was above 8.0 in all sites studied. Soil organic component levels were very variable between sites and within sites at different depths. Soil potassium was found to be at levels regarded as being sufficient for sustaining plant growth at all sites. However, levels of combined nitrogen and inorganic phosphate were in the range of values which could be regarded as being limiting to plant growth. The importance of phosphatase in the mobilization of organic phosphorus was therefore apparent. Phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) activity, assayed using two substrates p- nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP), was investigated and was found associated with roots of hydroponically-grown seedlings. Staining studies indicated that the enzymes were present in the cell wall. Phosphodiesterase activity was also detected in roots, using bis-pNPP as the substrate. PMEase activity was found to have its greatest activity at pH values between 4.0 and 6.0 for all cultivars. In cv Qalandri the optimum pH for PMEase activity was 5 .5 and the optimum temperature was 55 C when assays were incubated over a 1h period using pNPP or 4-MUP as the substrate. Levels of activity were higher using pNPP than with 4-MUP, but an absolute direct comparison could not be made since the concentrations of the individual substrates used were different. Plants grown in phosphate-limitation conditions showed enhanced PMEase activity. Enhancement of PMEase activity was associated with the levels of phosphate in the plant growth nutrient solution rather than with those in the plant itself This activity was highest in 19-day old seedlings, under the conditions of growth employed here. A comparison between cultivars showed some differences in the level of PMEase activity and in the specific pH optimum for enzyme activity. Limitation of combined nitrogen to seedling also resulted m enhanced PMEase even when plants were under phosphate-sufficient conditions. A similar effect of potassium-limitation was also found and this was associated with reduced uptake of phosphate into the seedlings. No effect of magnesium-limitation on PMEase activity was found. A comparison was also made with other plants; cotton. Primula farinosa, rice, wheat and algae. All had associated phosphatase activity, with cotton showing significantly higher root acid phosphatase activity than the other higher plant species. Acidic phosphatase activity was found in the alga Drapamaldia whilst Stigeoclonium had alkaline phosphatase.
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Justi, Maria Marta. "Cloreto de Mepiquat em cultivares de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105176.
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Orientador: Izabel Cristina LeiteBanca: Luiz Henrique Carvalho
Banca: Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro
Banca: Antonio César Bolonhezi
Banca: Manoel Luiz Ferreira Athayde
Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de cloreto de mepiquat em cultivares de algodão herbáceo, foi conduzido um experimento no ano agrícola de 2002/2003, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FEIS/UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria (MS). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, e quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram estudados quatro cultivares de algodão (Coodetec 401, IAC 24, DeltaOpal e Deltapine Acala 90) e nas subparcelas, três doses de cloreto de mepiquat (0,0; 50,0 e 100,0 g i.a.ha-1). As parcelas experimentais constituíram-se de seis linhas com 10 m de comprimento e 0,90 m de espaçamento entrelinhas, sendo consideradas úteis as quatro linhas centrais. Foram determinados, em dez plantas de cada parcela, a altura das plantas e o diâmetro do caule. O número de nós no caule, número de ramos e de capulhos por planta foi obtido em cinco plantas amostradas de cada parcela. A produção de algodão em caroço foi determinada através da colheita dos capulhos em quatro metros de cada uma das duas linhas centrais. Amostras de 20 capulhos de cada parcela foram utilizadas para a obtenção da massa média de um capulho, massa de 100 sementes, porcentagem de fibra e características tecnológicas da fibra. A análise de crescimento foi feita determinando-se, a cada 14 dias, a área foliar e a massa seca acumulada nos diferentes órgãos da planta. A partir desses dados foram calculados a área foliar total, razão de área foliar, área foliar específica, razão de massa de folhas, taxa de crescimento relativo e taxa assimilatória líquida. Considerando-se 100% a massa seca total, determinou-se a distribuição em porcentagem da massa seca entre as diferentes estruturas da planta... (Resumo completo, clicar no acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of doses of mepiquat chloride in cotton cultivars in the agricultural year of 2002/2003, at Teaching and Research Farm of FEIS/UNESP, located in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was complete blocks in split-plot arrangement and four replications. In the plots four cotton cultivars (Coodetec 401, IAC 24, DeltaOpal and Deltapine Acala 90) were studied and in the subplots, three doses of mepiquat chloride (0,0; 50,0 and 100,0 g i.a.ha-1). The experimental plots had six rows with 10 m of length and 0,90 m between rows, being considered useful the central four rows. The height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were measured in ten plants in each plot. The number of nodes in the stem, number of branches and of fruits per plant were obtained in five plants collected from each plot. The cotton yield was determined through the harvested fruits of the two central rows. Samples of 20 fruits of each plot were used to obtain the average mass of one fruit, mass of 100 seeds, fiber percentage and technological characteristics of the fiber. The growth analysis was performed by determining, every 14 days, the leaf area and the dry mass accumulated in the different organs of the plant. From those data, total leaf area, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, ratio of leaf mass, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, were calculated. Considering the total dry mass as 100%, the distribution, in percentage, of the dry mass among the different structures of the plant was determined. The obtained results allowed to conclude that 50,0 g i.a.ha-1 of mepiquat chloride caused minor height of the plants in the Coodetec 401, DeltaOpal and Deltapine Acala 90 cultivars while, for 24 IAC the dose of 100,0 g i.a.ha-1 was the best... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
Doutor
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Settle, Carroll Eugene. "Characterization of the crumpled-mottled mutation in Gossypium hirsutum L." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186476.
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Of the 62 chromosome translocations in Gossypium hirsutum that have been isolated, made homozygous, identified as to the chromosomes involved, and maintained as homozygous tester lines, only T8-12 is phenotypically abnormal. Homozygotes are dwarf with a mutant "crumpled-mottled" phenotype that includes negligible fertility in field-grown plants; heterozygotes have a more normal morphology and variable fertility. The mutation has been reported to be tightly linked with the translocation and has never been separated from it. Comparative pollen viability, quantitative morphological measurements, and segregation data were used to dissociate the mutant phenotype from the T8-12 breakpoint--and from the mimic mutant, Crp. The T8-12 breakpoint was also demonstrated to be independent of the semilethal locus Lf on chromosome 12. Homozygous T8-12 and Crp individuals were shown to be morphological, but not functional, equivalents. Heterozygous and homozygous Crp plants produced essentially normal pollen; T8-12 heterozygotes had significantly reduced mean pollen viability scores. Mean bracteole measures were significantly different between T8-12 and Crp heterozygotes. The fluorescein diacetate-based fluorochrome reaction identified both chromosomal and genic effects on pollen viability in this study; the potential usefulness of the FCR method was thus extended to the level of single mutant gene effects.
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Lehle, Fredric R. "Fermentation as an Estimator of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seed Vigor." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204533.
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Anoxic -induced fermentation was evaluated as a potential cotton seed vigor test. Seed samples from a single seed lot were subjected to accelerated aging for different durations to create five classes of seeds on the basis of vigor. The ethanol and acetaldehyde excreted from seeds from each class during brief periods of anoxia was quantified by gas-liquid-chromatography. Ethanol and acetaldehyde production during anoxia was negatively correlated with standard germination test results of all seed samples receiving accelerated aging. The fermentation capacity of hydrated cotton seeds remained intact at imbibition temperatures, which significantly reduced radicle growth.
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Saka, Kamel. "REGENERATION OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) CALLUS PROTOPLASTS TO MACROCALLI." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275376.
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Boutelier, Elisabeth. "Effet du chlorure de sodium sur la physiologie du cotonnier, Gossypium hirsutum L var. Bou. Son rôle dans l'acquisition de la résistance à la sécheresse." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066453.
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Smith, Chad Lee. "Auxin herbicide effects on glyphosate efficacy and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141708.
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Field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments were implemented to investigate the effects of auxin herbicides on growth and yield of cotton in glyphosate based systems. Field experiments evaluated the effect of rate and timing of dicamba or 2,4-D exposure when applied in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Increasing rates of either dicamba or 2,4-D resulted in increased injury and yield reductions. Initial injury symptomology was similar for cotton exposed at vegetative and reproductive stages. When cotton was exposed to auxin herbicides during vegetative growth, injury increased with time, while foliar injury during reproductive growth was stagnant and often decreased with time. Subsequently, the strongest correlations to yield loss and injury were from later evaluations of vegetative timings. Recovery from injury due to auxin herbicide exposure was dependent upon favorable environmental conditions; however, recovery was often superficial and masked significant yield loss.
Greenhouse studies evaluated the impact of the diglycolamine dicamba salt on the movement of 14C radio-labeled potassium salt glyphosate in barnyardgrass and johnsongrass. Increasing glyphosate rate increased total absorption of glyphosate in both species. Total absorption of glyphosate was not impacted by the presence of dicamba, for either johnsongrass or barnyardgrass. Dicamba did not consistently alter the translocation of glyphosate in johnsongrass; however, dicamba did reduce glyphosate translocation in barnyardgrass. Total amount of translocated glyphosate was 2.6 to 4.6% and 3.8 to 6.8% of applied in barnyardgrass and johnsongrass, respectively. Reduced translocation in barnyardgrass was a result of increased glyphosate accumulation in the distal portion of the treated leaf. Increasing the rate of glyphosate did overcome the dicamba induced antagonism; however, altered translocation of glyphosate has been documented to be a precursor to herbicide resistance.
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Vasconcelos, Ubieli Alves Araújo. "Análise dialética em algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) para tolerância à seca." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2333.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Cotton is a crop of large economic value at worldwide. The Brazilian production is around 1.5 million tons, coming mainly from the Mid West, Southeast and Northeast region, specially Cerrado areas. Despite to importance of crop to Brazil, there is a broad demand to investment in breeding area focusing on selection of promising genotypes as to yield and regional adaptation. In order to attend this demand, breeding programs have focused on generation of different lines by hybridization, using robust genitors, aiming broaden the genetic background of the lines and to favor the selection procedures. In this study we used 20 cotton lines, obtained through diallel crosses with parents of Moco and herbaceous types, aiming to estimate the GCC and SCC in materials tolerant to drought, based on agronomic traits. The study was carried out in semiarid environment, at Barbalha Station, CE, in dry season, using water supplementation. After the appearance of the first buds, plants were subjected to 23 days of water suppression, and re-established watering thereafter. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 20 treatments and factorial scheme (20 x 2), and three replications. The variables evaluated were: plant height, Productivity, fiber percentage, Boll weight, Rising of first flower and Rising of first boll. Additionally, total chlorophyll content in leaves was determined. The statistical analysis wasperformed by GENE program. Analyses of combinatorial capacities were performed according to the method adapted by Griffing (1956), which estimates the effects of GCC of each parent and the effects of SCC. There was wide variation between the parents for the analyzed variables. The follow parents showed best estimates of GCA, and therefore, have more favorable alleles, based on traits studied: BRS 286, CNPA 5M and CNPA 7MH. To SCC, the hybrids BRS 286 X CNPA 5M, BRS RUBI X CNPA 5M and BRS 286 X BRS Serido demonstrated complementarity Plant hight and porductivity. The estimates of GCC and SCC presented in this paper provided valuable inputs to cotton improvement, as to both parents and hybrid selections.
O algodão é uma cultura de grande importância econômica mundialmente. No Brasil a produção encontra-se na faixa de 1,5 milhões de toneladas, oriundas principalmente das regiões Centro - Oeste, Sudeste e Nordeste, com maior área situada nos Cerrados. Apesar do crescimento da cultura em nível nacional, há necessidade de investimento na área de melhoramento genético com fins de selecionar genótipos promissores para produção e adaptação regional. Para tanto, os programas de melhoramento têm focalizado na geração de linhagens divergentes, por meio de hibridações com progenitores robustos, de modo a ampliar a base genética das linhagens e favorecer os procedimentos de seleção. Nesse trabalho utilizou-se uma população composta de 20 híbridos de algodão, obtida via cruzamentos dialelicos com genitores dos tipos arbóreo e herbáceo, objetivando estimar as CGC e CEC dos materiais tolerantes a seca, focalizando em caracteres agronômicos. O trabalho foi conduzido em ambiente semiárido, em Barbalha, CE, em regime de sequeiro com complementação hídrica.Após o surgimento dos primeiros botões florais, as plantas foram submetidas a 23 dias de supressão hídrica, sendo restabelecidas as regas após esse período. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos ao acaso, com 20 tratamentos, com esquema fatorial 20 x 2, e três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Altura de planta, Produtividade, Percentagem de fibras, Peso de um capulho, Surgimento da primeira flor e Surgimento da primeira maçã. Adicionalmente, determinou-se o teor de Clorofila total nas folhas. As analises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo programa GENES. As análises das capacidades combinatórias foram realizadas de acordo com o modelo adaptado por Griffing (1956), que estima os efeitos da capacidade geral de combinação CGC de cada parental e os efeitos da capacidade específica de combinação CEC. Verificou-se ampla variabilidade entre os genitores para as variáveis analisadas. Os genitores que apresentaram as melhores estimativas de CGC e com maior número de alelos favoraveis para as principais características estudadas foram BRS 286, CNPA 5M e CNPA 7MH, enquanto que para CEC, os híbridos BRS 286 X CNPA 5M, BRS RUBI X CNPA 5M e BRS 286 X BRS SERIDO destacaram-se por demonstrar melhores estimativas de CEC e complementaridade para ALT e PROD em condições de estresse hídrico. As estimativas de CGC e CEC ofereceram contribuições valiosas no processo de seleção no melhoramento genético, tanto de genitores como de combinações hibridas.
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Baltieri, Eliana Maria. "Encapsulação de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L. raça latifolium Hutch)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-20181127-154944/.
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Com a finalidade de se experimentar a possibilidade de encapsular sementes de algodão, visando melhor distribuição de sementes deslintadas mecanicamente pelas semeadoras, realizou-se, no Departamento de Agricultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, o presente trabalho. Foram selecionados três agentes encapsulantes (gesso, calcário e calcário calcinado), combinados com cinco agentes adesivos (açúcar refinado, argila, Coragum R 420, caulim e bentonita). A encapsulação, combinando os agentes referidos, se deu em pequena betoneira, em laboratório. A qualidade das sementes encapsuladas foi avaliada segundo testes de germinação, emergência em areia, emergência no campo, velocidade de emergência e sanidade. A eficiência da encapsulação na distribuição de sementes foi determinada em semeadura montada em bancada, no Instituo Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo, através da vazão em discos comuns. O resultado obtido em todos os testes permite confirmar a hipótese: a encapsulação de sementes deslintadas mecanicamente é possível e aumenta a vazão de semeadoras, sem perda de sua qualidade fisiológica, permitindo a semeadura de precisão, que dispensa o desbaste.not available
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Roche, Meghan C. "A study of programmed cell death in cotton (gosypium hirsutum) fiber." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1599.
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COSTA, Deivid Almeida da. "Embriogênese somática em algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. BRS – 187 – 8H)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6225.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The somatic embryogenesis is a technique of plant tissue culture with several application potentials, as in the clonal propagation of plants, in the regeneration of transformed cells and in the basic studies of the molecular, biochemical and morphologic events that happen duringthe embryogenesis. In spite of the several works reporting somatic embryogenesis in cotton, several problems still persist in the regeneration through embryogenesis. The most of the works is with the line cocker, due to the fact of the cotton to be recalcitrant for the somatic embryogenesis. This way, the present study was conceived with the intention of analyzing the morphogenic response of the cotton to several growth regulators and stressful agents during the induction of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos, correlating the callus production with the antioxidant enzymes expression. For induction of the embryogenic callus, hypocotyl of germinated cotton (BRS – 187 – 8H) surface-sterilized seeds was used. The embriogenic callus induction medium (MICE) consisted of the MSB medium with different combinations and concentrations of 2,4-D, Kinetin, 2iP and Picloram. For conversion of embryogenic callus, it was used the embryo induction medium (MIE) that consistes of MSB medium and MSB supplemented with zeatin; L-glutamine, asparagine; espermine, espermidine or different concentrations of NH4NO3 and KNO3. The results show that among the MICE tested, the medium with 0,1 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0,3 mg L-1 Kinetin (MSB1 medium) and the MCIM medium showed the largest average in the production of embryogenic callus by explant. Explants in the MIE-1 presented the best proliferation of the embryogenic callus. However, the formation of globular and embryogenic structures was only visualized in the embryogenic callus formed in MSB1 medium, which were transferred for MSB medium and subcultivated in MIE-4 medium. It was concluded that different growth regulators can induce the formation of embryogenic callus in cotton cultivar BRS – 187 – 8H and the suppression of the growth regulators favors the appearance of globular and pre-embryogenic structures. In the experiments of the influence of the stress in cotton callus formation and the isozymic antioxidant system expression, it was used for induction of embryogenic callus, thecombination of MSB and MSB1 medium with two concentrations of FeEDTA: the concentration standard of the MS medium; and a concentration five times larger. It wasestablished three regimes of luminous intensity: darkness; 3,4 Klx and 6,0 Klx. Embryogenic callus were obtained on the MSB1 (3,4 Klx), MSB1 (6,0 Klx) and MSB1+FeEDTA (5X) medium. The electrophoretic system of the catalase and peroxidase showed variation in the intensity of the bands. The results show that the embryogenic callus formation dependent of the action of growth regulators and of the light presence, and the isozymic standards of catalase and peroxidase present similar pattern and they are related with the embryogenic aspect of the calluses.
A embriogênese somática é uma técnica de cultura de tecidos vegetais com diversos potenciais de aplicação, como na propagação clonal de plantas, na regeneração de células transformadas geneticamente e nos estudos básicos dos eventos moleculares e bioquímicos e morfológicos que ocorrem durante a embriogênese. Apesar dos diversos trabalhos relatando embriogênese somática em algodão, vários problemas ainda persistem na regeneração via embriogênese e a maioria dos trabalhos é com a linha cocker, devido a recalcitrância do algodão a embriogênese somática. Deste modo, o presente estudo foi concebido com o intuito de analisar a resposta morfogênica do algodão a vários reguladores de crescimento e agentes estressantes durante a indução de calos embriogênicos e embriões somáticos, correlacionando a calogênese com a expressão de isoformas do sistema antioxidativo. Para indução dos calos embriogênicos utilizou-se sementes desinfestadas da cultivar de algodão BRS – 187 – 8H. Os meios de indução de calos embriogênicos (MICE) utilizados consistiram no meio MSB acrescido de varias combinações e concentrações dos reguladores de crescimento 2,4-D; Cinetina, Picloram e 2-iP. Já para conversão dos calos embriogênicos em embriões, utilizouse o meio de indução de embiões (MIE) que consiste no meio MSB e MSB acrescido dezeatina, ou diferentes concentrações de NH4NO3 e KNO3, ou acrescido de L glutamina; asparagina; espermina; espermidina. Os dados obtidos mostram que entre os MICE testados, o meio contendo 0,1 mg L-1 de 2,4-D e 0,3 mg L-1 de cinetina (meio MSB1) e o meio MCIM mostraram as maiores médias na produção de calos embriogênicos por explante. Entre os MIE, o MIE-1 apresentou melhor proliferação dos calos embriogênicos. Contudo, a formação de estruturas globulares e embriogênicas só foi visualizada nos calos embriogênicos formados em meio MSB1 e transferidos para meio MSB e subcultivados em meio MIE-4. Concluiu-se então que diferentes reguladores podem induzir a formação de calos embriogênicos na cultivar BRS – 187 – 8H, e a supressão dos reguladores de crescimento favorece o surgimento de estruturas globulares e pré-embriogênicas. Nos experimentos da influência do estresse na calogênese e a expressão de isoenzimas do sistema antioxidativo, utilizou-se para a induçãode calos embriogênicos a combinação do meio MSB e MSB1 com duas concentrações de FeEDTA: a concentração padrão do meio MS; e uma concentração cinco vezes maior. E foiestabelecido três regimes de intensidade luminosa: escuro; 3,4 Klx e 6,0 Klx. Calos embriogênicos foram obtidos nos meios MSB1(3,4 Klx), MSB1(6,0 Klx) e MSB1+FeEDTA(5X). Analises de eletroforese de isoenzimas da catalase e peroxidase mostraram variação na intensidade das bandas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que formação de calos embriogênicos é dependente da ação de reguladores de crescimento e da presença de luz, e que as isoformas de catalase e peroxidase apresentam padrão similar e estão relacionadas com o aspecto embriogênico dos calos.
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Sekloka, Emmanuel. "Amélioration de l'efficacité de la sélection pour le rendement en coton graine du cotonnier Gossypium hirsutum L. Dans un contexte de nouveaux itinéraires techniques." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARC015.
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Dans la plupart des régions cotonnières d'Afrique de l'ouest et du centre où la culture est essentiellement pluviale, l'étalement croissant des dates de semis du coton entraîne une diversification des itinéraires techniques. Pour produire du matériel végétal adapté, la sélection cotonnière doit diversifier ses objectifs de création variétale. Nous avons donc étudié les stratégies de mise en place de la production chez différentes variétés de cotonnier Gossypium hirsutum L afin d'en identifier les plus productives de les traduire en critères de sélection et de mettre au point des stratégies efficaces pour l'amélioration du rendement dans plusieuers situations de culture pluviale. Quatre essais conduits entre 2002 et 2003 dans deux localités cotonnières du Bénin ont permis de comparer dix variétés à trois densités et à deux dates de semis. Les observations ont porté sur la phénologie et la floraison, l'architecture, la rétention et la répartition des capsules. Ces observations ont été mises en relation avec le rendement et ses composantes. Dans ce travail, nous avons défini un nouvel indicateur de fin de floraison la date de la dernière fleur en première position de branche fructifère et proposé une méthode simplifiée pour l'estimer. Cet indicateur a permis de calculer plus précisément le temps de floraison utile (TFU) qui a bien discriminé le matériel génétique étudié. Nous avons constaté que le retard de semis de l'augmentation de la densité ont des effets similaires : ils retardent l'apparition de la première fleur, raccourcissent le temps de floraison utile, réduisent le développement végétatif de la plante, diminuent la production et le taux de rétention de capsules. La production capsulaire est concentrée sur les parties basses du plantIn most cotton areas of Western and Central Africa cotton is primarily rainfed and sowing dates are more and more spread out in time. Such changes need the develoment of new cropping systems and new genetic material to fit them. The cotton breeding programs have to diversity their breeding objectives in order to develop the varieties adapted to later sowing dates and increased plant stands. In this work we studied the production strategies of several varieties of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. In order to identify the most productive strategies, to translate them into selection criteria and to develop effective strategies for yield improvement in rainfed cluture. Four trials were carried out between 2002 and 2003 at Parakou and Bohicon (Benin). They compared ten varieties under three densities and two sowing dates. The observatins focused on phenology and flowering, architecture, bool retention and distribution. They were related to yield and its components. We could test a new indicator of the cut-out status of a plant, the date of the last flower giving rise to a first-position bool on fruiting branches (LFP1), and we put-up a simplified method to estimate it. This indicator made it possible to estimate the effective flowering time (EFT) of each variety. We noted that late sowing and high stads have similar effects : they delay first flower opening date (FF), shorten EFT, reduce the vegetative growth and decrease the production as opening date (FF), shorten EFT, reduce the vegeetative growth and decrease the production as well as the bolls retention rate
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Santana, Bruna Apolonio. "Preparo das sementes de algodoeiro para o teste de tetrazólio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10092013-162910/.
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O teste de tetrazólio avalia as condições física e fisiológica de cada semente individualmente e permite a avaliação rápida da viabilidade e do vigor. No entanto, para as sementes de algodão, o preparo da semente requer a remoção dos tegumentos, interno e externo, e a eliminação dos tegumentos pode causar injúrias físicas nos tecidos do embrião, dificultando a avaliação do teste e a obtenção de resultados precisos. Neste contexto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: a) avaliar métodos de preparo da semente de algodão utilizando estufa e micro-ondas; b) classificar as sementes quanto à viabilidade e ao vigor em três classes: viáveis vigorosas, viáveis e não viáveis. Para isso, foram utilizadas sementes de algodão, cultivar BRS 269 - Buriti, representadas por quatro lotes e analisadas em duas épocas. A caracterização inicial do parâmetro fisiológico foi pelos testes de germinação e de vigor (primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado, germinação a 18ºC, frio e emergência da plântula). Em seguida, foi estudada a absorção de água, pela hidratação das sementes por imersão em água, utilizando estufa e radiação de micro-ondas, e entre papel a 25º, a 30ºC e a 35ºC. Para o preparo das sementes para o teste de tetrazólio,utilizando a estufa, foram avaliados: o método descrito nas regras para análise de sementes - RAS (hidratação seguida da remoção dos tegumentos para a coloração) e outros métodos que incluem: o corte da semente seguido da hidratação e da coloração (CHC), a hidratação da semente seguida do corte e da coloração (HCC) e o corte da semente seguido da coloração (CC), utilizando as temperaturas de 30ºC, 35ºC e 40ºC para a coloração dos tecidos. Para o preparo das sementes utilizando a radiação micro-ondas foram avaliados: o método indicado nas RAS e o corte da semente seguido da hidratação por imersão em água durante oito minutos em potência média (CI8min), o corte da semente seguido da imersão em água durante três minutos em potência alta (CI3min), o corte da semente seca seguido da coloração (CS) e o corte da semente seguido da hidratação por sessenta minutos a 30ºC (CH60min). O preparo das sementes do algodoeiro para o teste de tetrazólio pode ser feito pelo corte das sementes seguido da hidratação, por 2h a 30°C, e da coloração em estufa a 40°C. A utilização da radiação microondas é outra opção para o preparo dessas sementes para o teste tetrazólio; o indicado é o corte das sementes seguido da hidratação, por imersão em água por três minutos, e coloração por 13 minutos em potência alta (CI3min) e o corte seguido da hidratação por 60 minutos a 30°C e coloração por 18 minutos em potência média (CH60min). A classificação das sementes em três classes, viável e vigorosa, viável e não viável, é suficiente para estimar a viabilidade e o vigor das sementes do algodoeiro pelo teste de tetrazólio.The tetrazolium test assesses the physical and physiological characteristics of each seed individually and allows fast assessment of viability and vigor. However, for cotton seeds, preparation of seed requires removal of the inner and outer teguments, which may cause physical injuries in embryo tissues, making difficult the evaluation of the test and obtaining accurate results. In this context, the objectives of this research were: a) to evaluate methods of preparation of cotton seed, without removal of the tegument, using a hot air oven and microwave and b) classify seeds by viability and vigor into three classes: vigorous viable, viable and non-viable. For this, we used cotton seeds, BRS 269 - Buriti cultivate, represented in four lots and analyzed in two seasons. The initial characterization of the physiological parameter was made by testing germination and vigor (first count, accelerated aging, germination at 18°C, cold and seedling emergence). Following, the absorption of water was studied , by seed hydration with water immersion using a hot air oven and microwave radiation and hydration in a hot air oven at 25ºC, at 30ºC and at 35ºC. For the preparation of the seeds for the tetrazolium test, using the hot air oven, the method described in the rules for seed analysis RAS (hydration followed by removal of teguments for coloring) and other methods that include: cut of the seed, hydratation and staining (CHC), hydration of seed, cut and staining (HCC) and cut and staining (CC), using the temperatures of 30ºC, 35ºC and 40ºC, for tissues staining were used. For the preparation of the seeds using microwave radiation, the following treatments were analyzed: the method indicated by RAS and the cut of the seed followed by hydration by immersion into water, for eight minutes medium power (CI8MIN), cut of the seed during three minutes immersion into water, high power (CI3MIN ), cut of the dry seeds and staining (CS) and cut, hydration for 60 minutes at 30°C (CH60MIN). Preparation of cotton seeds for the tetrazolium test can be made by the cut of the seeds followed by hydration, for 2 hours, at 30°C and staining in a hot air oven, at 40°C. Microwave radiation is another option for preparing the seeds for tetrazolium test. The indicated is the cut of the seeds, followed by hydration, by immersion into water, during 3 minutes and staining for 13 minutes, in high power (CI3min) and the cut followed by hydration for 60 minutes at 30°C and staining for 18 minutes in medium power (CH60min). The classification of the seeds in three classes, viable and vigorous, viable and non viable is sufficient to estimate the viability and vigor of cotton seeds by the tetrazolium test.
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MYLES, ELBERT LEWIS JR. "CYTOGENETICS OF GAMETOGENESIS IN HAPLO 9 OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. (MEGASPOROGENESIS, MEIOSIS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187915.
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Plants monosomic for chromosome 9 of Gossypium hirsutum, in addition to Haplo 9 plants, produce many kinds of aneuploid progenies consisting of monosomics, trisomics, multiple monosomics, and different monosomic-trisomic combinations. Cytological analysis of megasporagenesis was conducted to determine the stage and the mechanism that would account for the production of the different kinds of aneuploid progeny. Two new cytotypes involving chromosome 9 were isolated and identified as monotelodisome 9S (Telo 9S) and monoisodisome 9S (Iso 9S), both of which produce different kinds of aneuploids very similar to Haplo 9. Monotelodisomic 9L plants do not produce various kinds of aneuploid progeny like Haplo 9, Telo 9S and Iso 9S. These observations indicate that control of chromosome segregation is on the long arm of chromosome 9. There was no significant difference between Telo 9S and Iso 9S in the kinds and frequencies of aneuploids, but there was a significant difference between these two and Haplo 9. Haplo 9, Telo 9S and Iso 9S showed no significant difference in the chromosomes subtracted or added to the chromosome complement of their respective aneuploid progenies. Analysis of female gametogenesis in TM1 or control plants showed that premeiotic division occurred when bud size is 6.0 - 6.6mm; meiosis occurred when bud size is 6.3 - 7.2mm; the first mitotic division of the megaspore occurred when bud size is 6.9 - 7.8mm, and the second and third mitotic divisions of the megaspore occurred when bud size is 7.8 - 8.5mm. The premeiotic, meiotic, and post meiotic divisions were normal. Female gametogenesis was cytologically analyzed in Haplo 9 plants and it was observed that there was a higher frequency of gametophytes with fewer post meiotic divisions and that there was nonsynchrony of the post-meiotic divisions in a number of the developing female gametophytes. It is assumed that these irregularities are due to the absence of chromosome 9. It is concluded that the long arm of chromosome 9 has control over chromosome segregation, and that most likely nondisjunction occurs throughout female gametogenesis, but confined primarily to the three mitotic divisions following meiosis. Genetic tests showed that eight mutant genes were not located on chromosome 9. The aneuploids had lower seeds per boll than normal disomic plants.
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Villamar, Torres Ronald Oswaldo. "Genetic study of topping-induced cotton/Gossypium hirsutum/ L. plant defense reactions, combining : Bioinformatics, VOC capture and genic expression." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG073.
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Gossypium hirsutum, le coton Upland, représente plus de 95% de la fibre de coton produite annuellement dans le monde et est cultivé dans environ 40 pays. La protection des champs de coton contre l’attaque des arthropodes herbivores nécessite des quantités importantes d’insecticides de synthèse, environ 18% de la consommation mondiale en 2000, bien que cela ait beaucoup diminué grâce au coton Bt et aux programmes d’éradication de certains ravageurs. Les composés organiques volatils (COV) naturellement émis par les plantes cultivées peuvent réduire les attaques d'insectes, les COV ayant une influence sur le comportement des arthropodes herbivores et des arthropodes auxiliaires. La recherche scientifique sur les COV des plantes a beaucoup augmenté depuis deux ou trois décennies. La stimulation des émissions de COV dans les champs de coton est désormais recommandée par les entomologistes du Cirad en tant que composante de la stratégie de protection. L’écimage (topping en anglais), c'est-à-dire couper la tête des cotonniers au cours de la floraison, stimule l'émission de COV de défense, une protection écologique qui limite les risques pour la santé dus aux insecticides synthétiques, pour les agriculteurs et les personnes des environs. L'objectif de la thèse était d'améliorer nos connaissances sur les bases génétiques des émissions de COV après l’écimage. La combinaison de plusieurs disciplines telles que la bio-informatique, l'écologie chimique et la génétique moléculaire nous a permis de: 1) analyser les séquences génomiques des gènes des voies de biosynthèse des COVs terpènes et terpénoïdes et des facteurs de transcription (TF) liés à la réponse au stress, à l'aide des bases de données publiées sur les génomes de trois espèces de coton, G. raimondii, G. arboreum (cotons diploïdes) et G. hirsutum (coton tétraploïde), 2) étudier les émissions de COV par les feuilles de coton des plants de G. hirsutum en réponse à l’écimage, en capturant ces molécules en serre et en caractérisant leurs profils cinétiques par chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS), incluant des mesures quantitatives, et 3) étudier les modifications de l'expression ARN des plants de coton G. hirsutum après l’écimage, pour 44 gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse des COV, et également par une comparaison du transcriptome complet au moyen d'une analyse RNA-seq. Les résultats des trois domaines scientifiques, bio-informatique, analyse chimique et expression des gènes, ont pu être liés dans notre thèse de recherche: par ex., deux des gènes initialement identifiés par la bio-informatique, correspondant à deux enzymes, TPS50 (EC: 4.2.3.106 - (E ) bêta-ocimène synthase) et TPS16 (EC: 4.2.3.111 - alpha-terpinéol synthase), ont montré une augmentation de leur expression après l’écimage, et l'analyse GC-MS montre une modification correspondante des profils d'émission de COV. Ces mêmes composés avaient déjà été caractérisés dans d'autres plantes en réponse aux dégâts d’arthropodes. Ce travail de thèse constitue une première exploration des bases génétiques des émissions défensives de COV par les cotonniers cultivés G. hirsutum. La variabilité des comportements d’expression génique observés entre les trois génotypes étudiés de coton Upland africain G. hirsutum, permet de supposer qu’une diversité génétique est présente pour les émissions défensives de COV, ce qui pourrait permettre d’améliorer et d’adapter ces mécanismes de défense naturels et leur réponse à l’écimage, dans la perspective d'une protection naturelle plus efficace des champs de cotonGossypium hirsutum, the Upland cotton, represents more than 95% of the cotton fiber annually produced worldwide and is grown in about 40 countries. The protection of cotton fields against the attack of herbivorous arthropods needs important quantities of synthetic insecticides, around 18% of the world consumption for the year 2000, although this decreased very much thanks to Bt cotton and eradication programs for some pests. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) naturally emitted by crop plants can reduce insect attacks through the influence of VOCs on the behaviors of herbivorous arthropods and auxiliary arthropods. Scientific research about plant VOCs has been increasing much since two or three decades. The stimulation of VOCs emissions by cultivated cotton plants is now recommended by entomologists of CIRAD as a component of the cotton fields protection strategy. “Topping", that is, cutting the head of the cotton plants during the useful floriferous period, stimulates the emission of defense VOCs. It is an environmentally friendly method and it limits health hazards due to the use of synthetic insecticides for the farmers and the surrounding human populations. The objective of the thesis was to improve our knowledge about the genetic bases of VOCs emissions after topping. The combination of several disciplines such as bioinformatics, chemical ecology and molecular genetics allowed us to: 1) analyze the genomic sequences of VOCs genes of the terpene and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways and transcription factors (TF) related to stress response, using the published genome databases of three cotton species, G. raimondii, G. arboreum (both diploid cottons) and G. hirsutum (tetraploid cotton), 2) study the VOCs emissions by cotton leaves of G. hirsutum plants in response to topping, by capturing these molecules in greenhouse and then characterizing their kinetic profiles by means of gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS), with quantitative measurements, and, 3) study the modifications of the RNA expression of G. hirsutum cotton plants after topping, for genes involved in VOCs biosynthesis through quantitative PCR measurements on 44 targeted genes and also by means of a whole-transcriptome comparison through an RNA-seq analysis. The results from the three different fields, bioinformatics, chemical analysis and gene expression, could be interrelated in our research thesis: e.g., two of the genes initially identified by bioinformatics, corresponding to two enzymes, TPS50 (EC: 4.2.3.106 - (E) -beta-ocimene synthase) and TPS16 (EC: 4.2.3.111 - alpha-terpineol synthase), were shown to increase their expression after topping, while the GC-MS analysis showed an modification of the corresponding VOCs in emission profiles. These compounds have been already characterized in other organisms in response to wounds produced by herbivorous insects. This thesis work is a first exploration of the genetic bases of defensive VOCs emission by G. hirsutum cultivated cottons. The variability of genic expression behaviors observed amongst the three genotypes of African Upland cotton G. hirsutum that were studied permits to hypothesize that a genetic diversity is present for defensive VOCs emissions, that could permit to improve and adapt by breeding these natural defense mechanisms and the response to topping, in perspective of a more efficient natural protection of cotton fields
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FREITAS, Roberto José de. "Adubação potássica via solo e foliar na produção e qualidade da fibra do algodoeiro." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2641.
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Previous issue date: 2006-08-15Cotton as a crop in Brazil has undergone significant changes in production technology and geographical location in recent years. Cultivation has shifted from traditional producing zones in the southeast of Brazil and the south region of the State of Goiás to the cerrados of the country's central-western region and the western part of Bahia. These technological changes were triggered by the adoption of exotic cultivars (American and Australian), with higher yield potential, better fiber quality, but also greater nutritional requirements. During this process, more demanding cultivars were consequently adopted, concurrently with the occupation of soils of lower natural fertility. During this period, a productivity increase in excess of 100% was verified. The conjunction of these factors has disorganized the fertilization recommendation practices adopted for this crop, since they were no longer adequately supported by the existing calibrations, generated under different soil conditions and at a different technological level. The use of fertilizers was then greatly intensified, in a most disorderly manner. Within this context, potassium was the nutrient whose use increased the most, due to the specific characteristics of this nutrient on the plant's metabolism and to its high degree of absorption by cotton plants. The potassium fertilization of cotton in the cerrados has therefore been performed in the various producing areas with great variation in rates and application modes, from total applications in the soil at pre-planting, to split applications in the soil, to supplementary foliar applications, still without the proper support from current experimental results. In this work, we evaluated the effect of combined soil and foliar applications of potassium on the productivity and quality of ginned cotton, under the cerrado conditions of the State of Goiás, by the installation of two experiments, combining different potassium rates in both application modes, organized in random blocks with split-plots. One assay was installed in Ipameri, with the application of five treatments to the soil (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 K2O ha-1) combined with four foliar treatments ( 0; 7.2; 14.4; and 21.6 kg K2O ha-1). Another assay was installed in Santa Helena de Goiás, in which four potassium levels were evaluated in the soil (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg K2O ha-1), combined with foliar rates similar to those used in the Ipameri assay. Significant productivity gains were observed for the soil applications in both assays, and for the foliar applications in the Ipameri assay. No interactions were observed between application modes. Also, no significant potassium fertilization effects were observed on the technological quality of the fiber.
A cultura do algodão no Brasil apresentou nos últimos anos significativas mudanças na tecnologia de produção e na localização geográfica. O cultivo deslocou-se de zonas produtoras tradicionais do Sudeste brasileiro e da região Sul do estado de Goiás, para os cerrados da região Centro Oeste e do Oeste da Bahia. As mudanças tecnológicas foram desencadeadas pela adoção de cultivares exóticos (americanos e australianos), com maior potencial produtivo, melhor qualidade de fibra e também maior exigência nutricional. Nesse processo ocorreu então a adoção de cultivares mais exigentes, concomitantemente à ocupação de solos de menor fertilidade natural. Verificou-se ainda nesse período incremento de produtividade superior a 100%. A conjunção desses fatores desorganizou a prática de recomendação de adubação na cultura, não mais amparada adequadamente pelas calibrações existentes, originadas em diferentes condições de solo e em outro nível tecnológico. Ocorreu então grande intensificação, de modo desordenado, na utilização de fertilizantes. O potássio nesse contexto foi o nutriente com maior incremento de utilização, devido às características específicas desse nutriente no metabolismo da planta e a seu alto nível de absorção pelo algodoeiro. A adubação potássica do algodoeiro nos cerrados, tem sido então efetuada nas diversas áreas produtoras, com grande variação nas doses e modos de aplicação, desde aplicações totais via solo em pré-plantio, aplicações via solo parceladas, até aplicações foliares complementares, ainda sem o devido respaldo de resultados experimentais contemporâneos. Esse trabalho avaliou nas condições do cerrado goiano, o efeito da combinação de aplicações de potássio via solo e foliar, na produtividade e qualidade da pluma do algodoeiro, através da instalação de dois experimentos, combinando diferentes doses de potássio nas duas modalidades de aplicação, arranjados em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas. Foi instalado um ensaio em Ipameri com aplicação de cinco tratamentos via solo (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1 de K2O) combinados a quatro tratamentos foliares ( 0; 7,2; 14,4 e 21,6 kg ha-1 de K2O). Outro ensaio foi instalado em Santa Helena de Goiás, onde foram avaliados quatro níveis de potássio via solo (0, 80, 160 e 240 kg ha-1 de K2O), combinados à doses foliares similares às do ensaio de Ipameri. Observaram-se ganhos de produtividade significativos para as aplicações via solo nos dois ensaios, e para as aplicações foliares no ensaio de Ipameri, não tendo sido verificadas interações entre as modalidades de aplicação. Não foram também verificados efeitos significativos da adubação potássica na qualidade tecnológica da pluma.
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Sanches, Carlos Vinícius. "Disponibilidade de Ni em um latossolo vermelho distrófico em função da aplicação de gesso agrícola e caracterização fisiológica e bioquímica do algodoeiro /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151924.
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Orientador: Enes Furlani JuniorResumo: O algodoeiro apresenta uma sensibilidade elevada nos sistemas de cultivo. A acidez do solo aliada a alta concentração alumínio e a baixa disponibilidade de cálcio em profundidade podem limitar a produtividade sendo possível verificar distúrbios nutricionais. Nesse contexto, o níquel, nutriente essencial, componente da metaloenzima urease tem sua importância comprovada no metabolismo do nitrogênio e vem sendo estudado como alternativa para melhorar a qualidade do sistema de cultivo por meio da eficiência do uso do nitrogênio disponível. Outra vertente de estudos diz respeito a capacidade do níquel de agir como metal pesado sendo prejudicial para as culturas, dessa maneira faz-se necessário entender a dinâmica desse nutriente dentro dos sistemas de cultivo. Tendo em vista o exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de níquel e gesso, e a interação entre os dois sobre o crescimento, produtividade e estado nutricional de plantas de algodoeiro em condições de campo. O experimento foi desenvolvido em dois anos, os tratamentos utilizados foram 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 6,0; 12 e 16 kg ha-1 de Ni e 0, 200, 400 e 800 kg ha-1 de gesso, aplicados via solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em um fatorial 6x4 com 3 repetições. Para mensurar o efeito dos tratamentos, os parâmetros de crescimento (altura, diâmetro e número de ramos), estado nutricional (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Ni), e produtividade (número de estruturas reproduti... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Cooke, Elizabeth Laura. "The phylogeography and systematics of Cardamine hirsuta." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22573e44-881c-456b-a571-d398a04c876a.
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Cardamine hirsuta L. is an emerging model system in developmental genetics, where natural genetic variation within C. hirsuta provides the means to investigate the genetic basis of morphological traits. This thesis investigates the geographical structure and genealogical history of genetic variation within C. hirsuta and identifies its closest relatives. This will enable the accurate selection of species for comparison with C. hirsuta when making interpretations of evolutionary processes, and provide a better understanding of morphological character evolution in C. hirsuta. The phylogeographic history of C. hirsuta was reconstructed using multiple chloroplast and nuclear markers and widespread accession sampling from across its native range. A distinct group was identified within C. hirsuta, restricted to the high mountains of East Africa. Climate suitability modelling showed that Pleistocene glacial dynamics have had a strong effect on the distribution of genetic variation within C. hirsuta. The phylogeographical data generated here was used to investigate the origin of C. hirsuta in the Azores, an oceanic archipelago. The Azores are dominated by an endemic chloroplast haplotype which is associated with an endemic phenotype. Thus, C. hirsuta appears to have diversified in situ in the Azores. Phylogenetic analyses of Cardamine, restricted to diploid species to remove the confounding effects of polyploids, found that C. hirsuta is most closely related to C. oligosperma, a western North American species. Multiple loci and extensive intraspecific sampling were brought to bear to demonstrate that C. hirsuta and C. oligosperma are reciprocally monophyletic. Cardamine pattersonii, a restricted endemic from north-west Oregon is likely to be an allopolyploid, with C. oligosperma as the maternal parent and possibly C. nuttallii as the paternal parent.
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Pohl, Daniel. "Investigations in the resident predator populations in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields, Çukurova, Turkey." Beuren Stuttgart Grauer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/989988562/04.
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Asprodites, Nicole. "The Cloning and Characterization of Two ROP/RAC G-Proteins from Gossypium Hirsutum." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/233.
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Rop/Rac proteins are plant-specific monomeric guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G-proteins) with important functions in plant development. Until recently, only three cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Rop/Rac G-protein genes were sequenced, representing subfamilies III and IV of the plant monomeric Gprotein family. In this project, members of subfamilies II and I were cloned, sequenced, and named GhRac2 and GhRac3, respectively. Using real-time reverse transcription PCR, expression of GhRac2 was highest during fiber elongation, decreasing significantly when cellulose biosynthesis began. Transcript abundance of GhRac3 doubled between fiber elongation and secondary wall synthesis, remaining constant until 20 days post-anthesis. Expression of GhRac2 and GhRac3 was compared between the unfertilized ovules of Gossypium hirsutum, Texas Marker 1 and two near-isogenic fiber-impaired mutants. Expression of GhRac2 and GhRac3 was significantly higher in wild type ovules than in Ligon lintless, a mutant impaired in fiber elongation, but was not different in Naked Seed, a mutant impaired in fiber initiation.
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Ribeiro, Victor Alves. "Caracterização genética de atributos do desenvolvimento radicular em algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4489.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize root growth in cotton genotypes, and identify the most appropriate time to evaluate the related traits in rhizotrons systems. It was also tried to estimate the genetic parameters inherent in these traits, among which were included the total length, surface area, total volume and average diameter of roots. Thus, two different studies were developed. The first consisted in an experiment to characterize ten cotton genotypes, in rhizotrons. This experiment was conducted in randomized block design with split plot in time, and four replications. Six evaluations were made per plots, at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after seedling emergence. Each measure was resulted of the image captured from a rhizotron (experimental unit). The variance analysis was made, and Scott & Knott test was used to cluster the genotype means. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the time effect within genotypes. The phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between each pair of traits were also estimated. The daily root growth per genotype was also observed, applying the same method of mean grouping for the genotypic discrimination. The second study was also conducted in rhizotrons system, in order to estimate the genetic parameters related to the same traits. Two crosses were performed involving contrasting parents: CD 408 x CNPA GO 2008-1265 and CD 408 x CNPA GO 2007-423. Each cross was assessed in a different experiment conducted as completely randomized design with six treatments (parents, and F1, F2, RC1 and RC2 generations). The data analysis allowed identifying outstanding genotypes for each trait, as well as the most appropriate time for the respective assessment. It was found high correlations among the evaluated traits. The estimation of genetic parameters allowed approximate inferences about the minimal number of genes involved in the genetic control of these traits. The main conclusions were: i) there is genetic variability in the evaluated characters related to development and growth of root in cotton upland; ii) the evaluation of these traits at 35 days after seedling emergence enables better genetic discrimination for selection purposes; iii) the lines CNPA GO 2008-1265 and CNPA GO 2002-2043 are predominantly superior than other genotypes, especially in the total length root; iv) CNPA GO 2007-423 genotype is outstanding in relation to others by its higher total volume of roots; v) there are high genetic associations among the traits total length, total area, total volume, and total diameter of roots; and vi) the estimated number of genes involved in the genetic control of these traits indicate oligogenic inheritance, although there is also evidence of strong environmental influence, suggesting also the possibility of polygenic or mixed inheritance (major genes and polygenes).
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e caracterizar o crescimento radicular em genótipos de algodoeiro, bem como identificar o tempo mais adequado para avaliação de caracteres relacionados, em sistema de rizotrons. Também buscou-se estimar parâmetros genéticos inerentes a esses caracteres, dentre os quais se incluíram comprimento total, área superficial, volume total e diâmetro médio de raízes. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois estudos independentes. O primeiro deles constituiu-se num experimento para a caracterização de dez genótipos de algodoeiro, em rizotrons, sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas seis avaliações (medidas repetidas) por parcela, aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias da emergência das plântulas. Cada medida resultou da captura de uma imagem do sistema por rizotron (unidade experimental). Foi, então, realizada a análise da variância e aplicou-se o teste Scott & Knott para agrupamento das médias de genótipos. Também foi empregada análise de regressão para avaliar o efeito da fonte de variação “tempo” dentro de genótipos. Estimaram-se ainda as correlações fenotípica, genotípica e de ambiente entre os caracteres avaliados. Também avaliou-se a taxa de crescimento radicular diária por genótipo, aplicando-se o mesmo teste de agrupamento de médias para a discriminação genotípica. O outro estudo foi conduzido, também em rizotrons, visando estimar parâmetros genéticos associados aos mesmos caracteres. Realizaram-se dois cruzamentos envolvendo genitores contrastantes: CD 408 x CNPA GO 2008-1265 e CD 408 x CNPA GO 2007-423. Cada cruzamento correspondeu a um ensaio em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (os genitores e as gerações F1, F2, RC1 e RC2). A análise dos dados permitiu identificar genótipos superiores em relação aos caracteres avaliados, bem como um momento mais adequado para a sua avaliação. Houve correlações significativas e de elevada magnitude entre os caracteres avaliados. E a estimação de parâmetros genéticos permitiu inferir aproximadamente sobre o número mínimo de genes envolvidos no controle genético dos caracteres. As principais conclusões foram: i) há variabilidade genética nos caracteres avaliados inerentes ao crescimento e desenvolvimento radicular do algodoeiro; ii) a avaliação desses caracteres aos 35 dias após a emergência possibilita melhor discriminação genotípica para fins de seleção; iii) as linhagens CNPA GO 2008-1265 e CNPA GO 2002-2043 são predominantemente superiores aos demais genótipos avaliados, sobretudo no caráter comprimento total de raízes; iv) na época de avaliação indicada (35 dias) o genótipo CNPA GO 2007-423 destaca-se pelo seu maior volume total de raízes; v) há alto grau de associação genética entre os caracteres comprimento total de raízes, área total de raízes, volume total de raízes e diâmetro médio de raízes; e vi) o número estimado de gene envolvidos no controle genético dos caracteres sugere herança oligogênica, embora haja também indícios de forte influência ambiental, o que abre a possibilidade de herança poligênica ou, até mesmo, herança mista (genes de efeitos maiores e poligenes).
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Mascena, Valdenio Mendes. "Abelhas visitantes florais, potenciais polinizadoras do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) em cultivo agroecolÃgico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6282.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThis study was conducted in July 2010 in the town of ChorÃ- CE, to evaluate the bees visiting the flowers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA - 7MH) in two agroecological crops. To do so, assessed the diversity of insects in two areas, their frequency, foraging behavior and potential pollinators of the culture, and studied the floral biology and pollination requirements of the specie CNPA - 7mH. Twenty-three species of bees visited the flowers of cotton, but Apis mellifera L. was not collected. Among the 22 species collected, eleven were common to both areas, only four in Area I and Area II in only seven. In area I the most represented families in number of species were Apidae and Halictidae, with 46.67% each. The least represented was Megachilidae, with 6.67% of the species. In Area II, Halictidae were the most represented, with 66.67% of the species, followed by Apidae, with 27.78%, and Megachilidae the least represented with 5.56%. Regarding the number of individuals, the most abundant family in the area I was APID with 48.00% of the subjects, followed by Megachilidae Halictidae with 32.00% and 20.00%. In Area II, APID was also the most abundant, with 39.62% of the specimens, followed by the Halictidae with 35.85% and Megachilidae with 24.53%. Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver) of bees visiting the flowers of the cotton plant showed significant difference (p <0.05) among the areas. The observations of frequency and foraging behavior showed that only A. mellifera L., Lithurgus huberi Ducke and species of Halictidae Ceratinini when grouped and presented expressive activity. The results showed statistical differences (p <0.05) for the frequency of visitation among the bees and among the areas throughout the day. Observations of floral biology of the specie have shown that the anthesis flowers occurred from 7:00 pm and the stigmas were receptive at the time of anthesis and throughout the morning. Concerning to the requirements of pollination it was observed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) for the treatments, with free pollination and manual cross they did not differ from each other, but both avenging significantly more fruit than the manual self-pollination and restricted pollination. It was concluded that the expressive richness of bees visiting the flowers of the cotton areas was influenced by the agro-ecological cropping system and conservation of areas surrounding the plantations and that although the plantations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA - 7MH) is an autogamous species, spontaneous self-pollination is able to produce economically viable crops regardless of biotic pollinators, they are able to promote cross-pollination and contribute to increases the pollination of this crop. In addition, the cultivation of agroecological cotton proved being important for Lithurgus huberi as a food source but also as a place of rest, shelter and mating, being necessary to investigate the negative impacts of traditional crops of cotton on populations of this and other solitary bee species.
O presente trabalho foi realizado no mÃs de Julho de 2010 no municÃpio de Chorà â CE, objetivando estudar as abelhas visitantes florais do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA â 7MH), em dois plantios agroecolÃgicos. Para tanto, avaliaram-se a diversidade destes insetos nas duas Ãreas, suas freqÃÃncias, comportamentos de forrageio e potencial polinizador da cultura, bem como estudaram-se a biologia floral e os requerimentos de polinizaÃÃo da cultivar CNPA â 7MH. Vinte e trÃs espÃcies de abelhas visitaram as flores do algodoeiro, mas Apis mellifera L. nÃo foi coletada. Entre as 22 espÃcies coletadas, onze foram comuns Ãs duas Ãreas, quatro exclusivamente na Ãrea I e sete apenas na Ãrea II. Na Ãrea I as famÃlias mais representadas em quantidade de espÃcies foram Apidae e Halictidae, com 46,67% cada uma. A menos representada foi Megachilidae, com 6,67% das espÃcies. Na Ãrea II, Halictidae foi a mais representada, com 66,67% das espÃcies, seguida de Apidae, com 27,78%, sendo Megachilidae a menos representada com 5,56%. Quanto ao nÃmero de indivÃduos, a famÃlia mais abundante na Ãrea I foi Apidea com 48,00% dos indivÃduos, seguida de Megachilidae com 32,00% e Halictidae com 20,00%. Na Ãrea II, Apidea tambÃm foi a mais abundante, com 39,62% dos espÃcimes, seguida por Halictidae com 35,85% e Megachilidae com 24,53%. Os Ãndices de diversidade (Shannon-Weaver) de abelhas visitantes florais do algodoeiro apresentaram diferenÃa significativa (p<0.05) entre as Ãreas. As observaÃÃes de freqÃÃncia e comportamento de forrageio mostraram que apenas A. mellifera L., Lithurgus huberi Ducke e espÃcies de Halictidae e Ceratinini quando agrupadas apresentaram atividade expressiva. Os resultados mostraram diferenÃas estatÃsticas (p<0,05) para as freqÃÃncias de visitaÃÃo entre as abelhas e entre as Ãreas ao longo do dia. As observaÃÃes da biologia floral da cultivar mostraram que a antese das flores acontecia a partir das 7:00h e os estigmas se mostravam receptivos no momento da antese e durante toda a manhÃ. No que se refere aos requerimentos de polinizaÃÃo observou-se que houve diferenÃas significativas (p < 0,05) para os tratamentos, com a polinizaÃÃo livre e a cruzada manual nÃo diferindo entre si, mas ambas vingando significativamente mais frutos que a autopolinizaÃÃo manual e a polinizaÃÃo restrita. Concluiu-se que a expressiva riqueza de abelhas visitantes florais do algodoeiro nas Ãreas estudadas foi influenciada pelo sistema de cultivo agroecolÃgico e conservaÃÃo dos entornos dos plantios e que apesar do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA - 7MH) ser uma espÃcie autÃgama, de autopolinizaÃÃo espontÃnea e capaz de produzir colheitas economicamente viÃveis independentemente de agentes polinizadores biÃticos, estes sÃo capazes de promover polinizaÃÃo cruzada e contribuir para incrementos na polinizaÃÃo desta cultura. AlÃm disso, o cultivo de algodÃo agroecolÃgico mostrou-se importante para Lithurgus huberi como fonte de alimento, mas tambÃm como local de descanso, abrigo e acasalamento, sendo necessÃrio investigar os impactos negativos de cultivos tradicionais de algodÃo sobre as populaÃÃes dessa e de outras espÃcies de abelhas solitÃrias.
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McHugh, John. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of phospholipase D in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) seedlings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4732/.
Full textAbstract:
N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are enriched in seed-derived tissues and are believed to be formed from the membrane phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) via the action of phospholipase D (PLD). In an effort to identify a functional NAPE-PLD in cotton seeds and seedlings, we have screened a cotton seedling cDNA (cotyledon mRNA from 48 h dark grown seedlings) library with a 1.2 kb tobacco partial cDNA fragment encoding the middle third of a putative PLDβ/γ (genbank accession, AF195614) isoform. Six plaques were isolated from the Uni-ZAP lambda library, excised as pBluescript SK(-) phagemids and subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. Alignment of derived sequences with Arabidopsis PLD family members indicated that the cDNAs represent six different PLD gene products -three putative PLD β isoforms and three putative PLD δ isoforms. The PLD β isoforms, designated Ghpldβ1a, GHpldβ1b and a truncated Ghpldβ1b isoform. Both the full-length PLD β proteins contained characteristic HKxxxxD catalytic domains, a PC-binding domain, a PIP2-binding domain and a C2 domain. In addition both cotton PLD β isoforms had a N-terminal "SPQY" rich domain which appeared to be unique to these PLDs. The three PLD δ isoforms, designated Ghpldδ1a, Ghpldδ1b and Ghpldδ1b-2 encode full-length PLDδ proteins, and like the above PLDs, contained the characteristic catalytic and regulatory domains. The expression of Ghpldδ1b showed hydrolytic and transphosphatidylation activity toward radiolabelled phosphatidylcholine (PC) but it appears Ghpldδ1b does not utilize NAPE as a substrate to produce NAEs nor does it seem to be suppressed by NAEs.
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Lehle, Fredric R. "Leakage of Reducing Sugards and Amino Acids During Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seed Imbibation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204521.
Full textAbstract:
Leakage of reducing sugars and amino acids during cotton seed imbibition was evaluated as a possible vigor test. Seed samples from a single cotton seed lot were subjected to accelerated aging at 46°C and 100% R.H. for up to 216 hours. Aged seeds were imbibed at optimal and suboptimal temperatures, and the leakage of total reducing sugars and amino acids into the imbibition solution was quantified spectrophotometrically. Leakage of seed reserves was positively correlated with the duration of accelerated aging, in terms of subsequent germination performance at 30°C and of similar quantity at both imbibition temperatures.
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Lehle, F. R., and A. M. Zegeer. "Can Cotton (Cossypium hirsutum) Seed Vigor Be Assessed in the Absence of Growth?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204820.
Full textAbstract:
Although seed vigor is ultimately expressed in terms of growth, it is not clear if metabolic processes unlinked to growth can also estimate vigor. The objective of this study was to determine if the relationship between seed vigor and ethanol metabolism differed depending on whether seed growth was presence or absence. For individua1 imbibed cotton seed, ethanol assimilation in air and ethanol biosynthesis in N₂ gas was correlated to seed vigor as measured by cool test performance. Seed growth in N₂ gas was prevented by the addition of polyethylene glycol. Results were inconclusive, because seed performance (radicle growth) during cool testing was not significantly correlated to either ethanol biosynthesis or ethanol assimilation. It was concluded that ethanol metabolism both in the absence and presence of seed growth has limited usefulness as a metabolic marker of cotton seed vigor.
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Lehle, F. R., and A. M. Zegeer. "Effects of Oxygen Stress and Water Stress on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seed Growth." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204832.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of oxygen stress and water stress on cotton seed radicle growth was studied. High vigor Deltapine 90 seed were imbibed in individual test tubes at 28°C for 28 hours. Seed were then subjected for 2 hours at 28°C to either 1) oxygen stress imposed by N₂ gas, 2) water stress imposed by polyethylene glycol 6000 (0.8 gm mL water⁻¹), or 3) a combination of both 1) and 2). Following imposition of either oxygen stress or water stress, radicle growth stopped temporarily; growth resumed while either stress was still imposed but at a greatly reduced rate relative to the unstressed control. Cotton radicle growth was prevented however, in the presence of both oxygen and water stress. The prevention of growth was reversible, as growth resumed when both stresses were relieved.
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Nagashima, Getúlio Takashi. "Cloreto de mepiquat aplicado em sementes de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. raça latifolium)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação, em Agronomia, 2008. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000145670.
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A tecnologia de embebição de sementes em solução com regulador de crescimento para a obtenção de plantas de algodão com porte reduzido desde a emergência vem sendo utilizada, de maneira experimental, para auxiliar no manejo da altura da planta, principalmente quando semeadas em espaçamentos estreitos. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos da embebição de sementes em solução com Cloreto de Mepiquat (CM) sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da cultura do algodão, seu efeito sob estresse hídrico, sobre diferentes cultivares e diferentes métodos de aplicação na semente de algodão. O primeiro experimento objetivou avaliar o comportamento de plantas de algodão originadas de sementes da cultivar IPR 120 tratadas com regulador de crescimento à base de CM, via embebição, nas concentrações de 5,0 e 20 g i.a. kg-1 de sementes e testemunha sem nenhum tratamento submetidas a estresse hídrico a partir da emergência. Analisou-se também o efeito da embebição de 15 g i.a. kg-1 de sementes e sementes embebidas em água destilada e sujeitas ao estresse hídrico após 30 dias da emergência de plantas de algodão. O segundo experimento, com objetivo de avaliar formas de aplicação de regulador de crescimento CM à semente, utilizou a linhagem PR 02-307 (Iapar) com seguintes tratamentos: 1) controle - sementes sem qualquer tratamento; 2) sementes embebidas por 5 horas em solução contendo 7,5 g i.a kg-1de sementes de CM; 3) sementes embebidas por 5 horas em solução com 3,75 g i.a. kg-1 de sementes de CM; 4) aplicação direta de 7,5 g i.a. kg-1 de sementes de CM e 5) aplicação direta de 3,75 g i.a. kg-1 sementes de CM, cultivados em vasos, em condições de casa de vegetação. No terceiro experimento, em condições de casa de vegetação, foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação do CM via sementes, utilizando a embebição em solução contendo 2,0 g i.a 100 mL-1 de água em cinco cultivares (IRP 120, IAC 24, CD 405, Delta Opal e Fibermax 966) visando a caracterização dessas cultivares quanto a resposta ao tratamento. O quarto experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da prévia embebição de sementes em solução de CM e o desempenho das plantas em condições de cultivo em campo utilizando espaçamento entre linha de plantas de algodão ultra-adensada, de 0,30 m, empregando sementes da cultivar IPR 120 embebidas por 12 h em solução contendo CM nas doses de 0,0; 3,75; 7,5 e 15 g i.a. kg-1 de sementes e com utilização e não do regulador via aplicação foliar em pulverizações subseqüentes após 32 dias da emergência. Pode-se concluir que: o metabolismo das plantas originadas de sementes embebidas em CM não foi prejudicado na ocorrência de um estresse hídrico e as plantas suportaram por um período maior quando comparado ao tratamento sem aplicação de CM. Além disso, a aspersão direta de sementes com regulador de crescimento CM apresentou efeitos similares à embebição, não necessitando de secagem após o tratamento. As cultivares responderam diferentemente ao regulador de crescimento à base de CM. Em cultivo em condições de campo, a embebição do regulador CM manteve a altura de plantas de algodão reduzidas por até 80 dias após emergência, não afetando a produção de algodão em caroço e, com aplicações foliares, a altura reduzida foi mantida até a colheita.Soak seeds technology in solution with plant growth regulator aiming cotton plants with reduced load since emergency has been used, in an experimental way, to aid in handling of plant height, mainly when planted in narrow spacing. Four experiments were conducted with the objective of verifying the effects of soak seeds in solution with Mepiquat Chloride (MC) on cotton growth and development, its effect under water stress, on different cultivars and different application methods on cotton seed. The first experiment had as objective to evaluate cotton plants originated from IPR 120 seeds treated with MC, through soak, in rates of 5,0 and 20 g a.i kg-1 of seeds and a control without any treatment, submitted to water stress starting from the plant emergency. Soak effect of 15 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds and seeds soaked in distilled water and submitted to water stress 30 days from emergency were also analyzed. The second experiment had the objective of evaluating methods of MC application on the seed using the lineage PR 02-307 (Iapar) with following treatments:1) control - seeds without any treatment; 2) seeds soaked for 5 hours in solution containing 7,5 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds of MC; 3) seeds soaked for 5 hours in solution with 3,75 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds of MC; 4) direct application of 7,5 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds of MC and 5) direct application of 3,75 g a.i. kg-1 seeds of CM, grown in pots, in greenhouse conditions. In the third experiment, in greenhouse conditions, the effects of MC application through seeds were evaluated, using soak in solution containing 2,0 g a.i. 100 mL-1 of water in five cultivars (IRP 120, IAC 24, CD 405, Delta Opal and Fibermax 966) aiming characterization of those cultivars according their response to the treatments. The fourth experiment was accomplished to evaluate seeds previous soak effect in MC solution and plants performance in field conditions using ultra narrow spacing of 0,30m, with IPR 120 seeds soaked by 12 h in solution containing MC in the rates of 0,0; 3,75; 7,5 and 15 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds using or not the regulator through leaves application in subsequent spraying 32 days after emergency. Its possible to conclude that: plants metabolism originated from seeds soaked in MC was not harmed when a water stress occurred and plants supported stress situation for a larger period when compared to the treatment without MC application. Besides, direct aspersion of seeds with MC presented similar soak effects, not being necessary drying after the treatment. Different cultivars had different responses to MC. In field conditions, MC soak maintained cotton plant height reduced for until 80 days after emergency, not affecting cotton yield and, with leaf applications, reduced height was maintained until harvest.
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Mascena, Valdenio Mendes. "Abelhas visitantes florais, potenciais polinizadoras do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) em cultivo agroecológico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19001.
Full textAbstract:
MASCENA, Valdenio Mendes. Abelhas visitantes florais, potenciais polinizadoras do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) em cultivo agroecológico. 2011. xiv, 88 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Fortaleza-CE, 2011.Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-08-09T12:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_vmmascena.pdf: 2367959 bytes, checksum: 48c5a07cc1bf67e262f1d0eb342b0899 (MD5)
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This study was conducted in July 2010 in the town of Choró- CE, to evaluate the bees visiting the flowers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA - 7MH) in two agroecological crops. To do so, assessed the diversity of insects in two areas, their frequency, foraging behavior and potential pollinators of the culture, and studied the floral biology and pollination requirements of the specie CNPA - 7mH. Twenty-three species of bees visited the flowers of cotton, but Apis mellifera L. was not collected. Among the 22 species collected, eleven were common to both areas, only four in Area I and Area II in only seven. In area I the most represented families in number of species were Apidae and Halictidae, with 46.67% each. The least represented was Megachilidae, with 6.67% of the species. In Area II, Halictidae were the most represented, with 66.67% of the species, followed by Apidae, with 27.78%, and Megachilidae the least represented with 5.56%. Regarding the number of individuals, the most abundant family in the area I was APID with 48.00% of the subjects, followed by Megachilidae Halictidae with 32.00% and 20.00%. In Area II, APID was also the most abundant, with 39.62% of the specimens, followed by the Halictidae with 35.85% and Megachilidae with 24.53%. Diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver) of bees visiting the flowers of the cotton plant showed significant difference (p <0.05) among the areas. The observations of frequency and foraging behavior showed that only A. mellifera L., Lithurgus huberi Ducke and species of Halictidae Ceratinini when grouped and presented expressive activity. The results showed statistical differences (p <0.05) for the frequency of visitation among the bees and among the areas throughout the day. Observations of floral biology of the specie have shown that the anthesis flowers occurred from 7:00 pm and the stigmas were receptive at the time of anthesis and throughout the morning. Concerning to the requirements of pollination it was observed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) for the treatments, with free pollination and manual cross they did not differ from each other, but both avenging significantly more fruit than the manual self-pollination and restricted pollination. It was concluded that the expressive richness of bees visiting the flowers of the cotton areas was influenced by the agro-ecological cropping system and conservation of areas surrounding the plantations and that although the plantations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA - 7MH) is an autogamous species, spontaneous self-pollination is able to produce economically viable crops regardless of biotic pollinators, they are able to promote cross-pollination and contribute to increases the pollination of this crop. In addition, the cultivation of agroecological cotton proved being important for Lithurgus huberi as a food source but also as a place of rest, shelter and mating, being necessary to investigate the negative impacts of traditional crops of cotton on populations of this and other solitary bee species.
O presente trabalho foi realizado no mês de Julho de 2010 no município de Choró – CE, objetivando estudar as abelhas visitantes florais do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA – 7MH), em dois plantios agroecológicos. Para tanto, avaliaram-se a diversidade destes insetos nas duas áreas, suas freqüências, comportamentos de forrageio e potencial polinizador da cultura, bem como estudaram-se a biologia floral e os requerimentos de polinização da cultivar CNPA – 7MH. Vinte e três espécies de abelhas visitaram as flores do algodoeiro, mas Apis mellifera L. não foi coletada. Entre as 22 espécies coletadas, onze foram comuns às duas áreas, quatro exclusivamente na área I e sete apenas na área II. Na área I as famílias mais representadas em quantidade de espécies foram Apidae e Halictidae, com 46,67% cada uma. A menos representada foi Megachilidae, com 6,67% das espécies. Na área II, Halictidae foi a mais representada, com 66,67% das espécies, seguida de Apidae, com 27,78%, sendo Megachilidae a menos representada com 5,56%. Quanto ao número de indivíduos, a família mais abundante na área I foi Apidea com 48,00% dos indivíduos, seguida de Megachilidae com 32,00% e Halictidae com 20,00%. Na área II, Apidea também foi a mais abundante, com 39,62% dos espécimes, seguida por Halictidae com 35,85% e Megachilidae com 24,53%. Os índices de diversidade (Shannon-Weaver) de abelhas visitantes florais do algodoeiro apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0.05) entre as áreas. As observações de freqüência e comportamento de forrageio mostraram que apenas A. mellifera L., Lithurgus huberi Ducke e espécies de Halictidae e Ceratinini quando agrupadas apresentaram atividade expressiva. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05) para as freqüências de visitação entre as abelhas e entre as áreas ao longo do dia. As observações da biologia floral da cultivar mostraram que a antese das flores acontecia a partir das 7:00h e os estigmas se mostravam receptivos no momento da antese e durante toda a manhã. No que se refere aos requerimentos de polinização observou-se que houve diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) para os tratamentos, com a polinização livre e a cruzada manual não diferindo entre si, mas ambas vingando significativamente mais frutos que a autopolinização manual e a polinização restrita. Concluiu-se que a expressiva riqueza de abelhas visitantes florais do algodoeiro nas áreas estudadas foi influenciada pelo sistema de cultivo agroecológico e conservação dos entornos dos plantios e que apesar do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. CNPA - 7MH) ser uma espécie autógama, de autopolinização espontânea e capaz de produzir colheitas economicamente viáveis independentemente de agentes polinizadores bióticos, estes são capazes de promover polinização cruzada e contribuir para incrementos na polinização desta cultura. Além disso, o cultivo de algodão agroecológico mostrou-se importante para Lithurgus huberi como fonte de alimento, mas também como local de descanso, abrigo e acasalamento, sendo necessário investigar os impactos negativos de cultivos tradicionais de algodão sobre as populações dessa e de outras espécies de abelhas solitárias.
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Moraes, JoÃo Gutemberg Leite. "DistribuiÃÃo vertical e espacial do pulgÃo do algodoeiro e sua relaÃÃo com predadores." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6910.
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O algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. raÃa latifolium Hutch) produz a fibra tÃxtil mais consumida no mundo. A sua produÃÃo pode ser afetada por diversos fatores, entre eles, os de origem biÃtica, sendo que destes, os artrÃpodes-pragas contribuem para perdas significativas na cultura. Atualmente, tem-se proposto o manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) como a melhor opÃÃo para um convÃvio racional com os fitÃfagos. Dentre estes, o pulgÃo do algodoeiro, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) à considerado praga-chave para esta malvÃcea, por sua agressividade resultante dos seus danos diretos e indiretos. O conhecimento dos padrÃes de distribuiÃÃo vertical e espacial, tanto de pragas como de seus predadores, fomentam planos de MIP. Nesta perspectiva, conduziu-se a presente pesquisa com os seguintes objetivos: determinar um local de amostragem para o pulgÃo, considerando o perfil vertical da planta; estudar a possÃvel relaÃÃo entre o nÃmero de colÃnias de pulgÃo e o percentual de plantas atacadas; estudar a distribuiÃÃo espacial do A. gossypii e alguns de seus predadores; estabelecer o nÃmero de amostras necessÃrias para aplicaÃÃo em estratÃgias para o MIP; estudar a flutuaÃÃo populacional do pulgÃo e de alguns dos seus predadores. Para isto, conduziram-se experimentos em condiÃÃes de campo e sob infestaÃÃo natural, na Fazenda Lavoura Seca, em QuixadÃ, e em Ãrea experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFC, em Fortaleza, durante os anos de 2009 e 2010. Os resultados demostraram que a primeira folha, completamente expandida do ramo principal, a partir do Ãpice da planta, pode ser considerada como local de amostragem para o pulgÃo em algodoeiro. Verificou-se, pela anÃlise de regressÃo, que houve relaÃÃo entre o nÃmero de colÃnias do afÃdeo por planta e o percentual de plantas infestadas em campo, fato este que pode tornar mais Ãgil a amostragem desta praga. O padrÃo de distribuiÃÃo, tanto do pulgÃo, como dos predadores estudados à do tipo agregado. O nÃmero de amostras para aplicaÃÃo em MIP para o pulgÃo do algodoeiro à cinquenta. Verificou-se que, a flutuaÃÃo populacional dos predadores seguiu a flutuaÃÃo de A. gossypii na fase inicial da cultura, e ocorrÃncia de 21% de predadores reduziu a populaÃÃo de A. gossypii na Ãrea.Cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch) produces the most consumed textile fiber in the world. Its yield may be affected by many factors, among them, those of biotic origin, form witch, arthropod pest are the main contributor for a significant part of crop loss. Nowadays, integrated pest management (IPM) has been proposed as a best option to get rationally along with phytophagous. Among those, the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is considered a key-pest for this plant, due to its aggressiveness witch results in direct and indirect damages. Knowing the within-plant and special distribution patterns of pest and its predators aid IPM strategies. Based on this, this research were realized with the following objectives: determine the place of aphid sampling considering within-plant distribution; look for a possible relationship between aphid colonies and percent infested plants; knowing A. gossypii and some of its predators spatial distribution; set up de sample number to be used in IPM strategies; study aphid and some predators dynamic. For this propose, a field experiment were done, under natural infestation, at Fazenda Lavoura Seca at Quixadà county, State of Cearà (Brazil) and an area at the Agronomy Department of de Universidade Federal do Cearà at Fortaleza county, Cearà State (Brazil) during the years of 2009 and 2011. Results show that the first completely expanded leaf of the plant top would be the sample unit for aphid on cotton. There was found a correlation between aphid colonies and infested plants on the field. This fact may fasten sampling procedures on this pest. Spatial distribution of aphid as well as the predators follow the negative binomial distribution. Fifty is the sampling number to be used for aphid in a IPM program. Predators fluctuation around aphid density in the beginning of the season and 21% infested plant with predators lead to the aphid population reduction.
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Gonçalves, Suziane Gomes. "Aspectos bioecológicos de Alabama argilácea Hübner em algodão pulverizado com caulim." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2264.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The cotton is the crop of the greater socio-economic importance to Brazil that is fifth largest producer of this malvaceae. The pests constitute a major factor to reduce cotton yield and the cotton leafworm is the main defoliating pest of tis crop. Chemical control is the main tactic employed by cotton farmers. The use of mineral particles (kaolin) becomes an alternative to replace and/or optimize the control of this pest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of oviposition of the Alabama argillacea sprayed on cotton plants with kaolin and the interference of particle film in food consumption and life cycle of this insect. The study was conducted in the Insect Biology at Laboratory of Embrapa Cotton and Molecular Pathology. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was to determine the oviposition preference and viability of eggs of A. argillacea in cotton plants with the choice and under contained conditions. The experimental design was a randomized block, factorial 2 x 7, represented by cotton tile covering with spray insecticide (F1 = distilled water with kaolin at a dose of 60 g / L and F2 = control, distilled water) and seven plant structures (L1 = bud, L2 = square, L3 = stem, L4 = leaf stem, L5 = the first and second branches of leaves fruitful, L6 = leaves from the third and fourth branches fruitful and L7 = leaves the fifth and sixth branches fruitful). The data obtained in these tests were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The second experiment was conducted to determine the leaf consumption of the first instar of cotton leafworm, A. argillacea on cotton leaves with kaolin and without. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 4, represented by the treated leaves (F1= distilled water with kaolin and F2= distilled water) and four observation periods (P1= 6 h, P2= 12 h, P3= 24 h and P4= 48 h) of the leaf area consumed by cotton leafworm. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression. In the third experiment aimed to study the development, survival and reproduction of cotton leafworm with cotton leaves with kaolin and without. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and forty repetitions. Treatments consisted of cotton leaves sprayed with kaolin and with water (control). The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability. The oviposition of moths of the cotton leafworm is reduced in cotton plants treated with kaolin and egg distribution is affected by kaolin in choice test. The cotton leafworm of the first instar survive fewer in cotton plants treated with kaolin. The neonate cotton leafworm survivors reach the end of larval phase feeding usually with leaves of cotton with kaolin, developing and reproducing similar to cotton leafworm fed on leaves without kaolin.
O algodão é uma das culturas de maior importância socioeconômica para Brasil, sendo o país o quinto maior produtor dessa malvácea. As pragas se constituem em um dos principais fatores para redução da produtividade do algodoeiro e o curuquerê é a principal praga desfolhadora dessa cultura. O controle químico é a principal tática empregada pelos cotonicultores. O uso de partículas minerais (caulim) torna-se uma alternativa para substituir e/ou otimizar o controle dessa praga. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o comportamento de oviposição de Alabama argillacea em plantas de algodão pulverizadas com caulim e a interferência desse filme de partículas no consumo alimentar e no ciclo biológico desse lepidóptero. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular de insetos da Embrapa Algodão. Foram realizados três experimentos. O primeiro experimento visou determinar a preferência para oviposição e a viabilidade de ovos de A. argillacea em plantas de algodão com livre chance de escolha e sob condições de confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 7, representado pelo revestimento da planta de algodão com a suspensão aquosa de caulim (F 1 = água destilada com caulim na dose de 60 g/L e F = testemunha, água destilada) e sete estruturas vegetais da planta (L 1 = broto, L 2 = botão floral, L 2 = folha da haste, L 5 = folhas do 1º e 2º ramos frutíferos, L 6 3 = haste, L = folhas do 3º e 4º ramos frutíferos e L = folhas do 5º e 6º ramos frutíferos). Os dados obtidos nesses testes foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste t de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O segundo experimento foi realizado para se determinar o consumo foliar de lagartas de primeiro instar A. argillacea em folhas de algodão com e sem caulim. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, representado pelas folhas tratadas (F = água destilada com caulim e F 2 = água destilada) e quatro períodos de observação (P = 12 h, P 3 = 24 h e P = 48 h) da área foliar consumida por lagartas do curuquerê. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão. No terceiro experimento objetivou-se estudar o desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e reprodução do curuquerê em folhas de algodoeiro com e sem caulim. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e quarenta repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de folhas de algodão pulverizadas com caulim e com água (testemunha). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade. A oviposição das mariposas do curuquerê é reduzida nas plantas de algodão tratadas com caulim e a distribuição de ovos é afetada pelo caulim com chance de escolha. As lagartas de primeiro instar do curuquerê sobrevivem menos nas plantas de algodão tratadas com caulim. As lagartas neonatas sobreviventes chegam ao final do ciclo larval se alimentando normalmente das folhas de algodão com caulim, se desenvolvendo e reproduzindo semelhante às lagartas alimentadas com folhas sem caulim.
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SOARES, Taiza da Cunha. "Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK) : aplicabilidade como marcador embriogênico em algodoeiro." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2018. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7468.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The release of transgenic cultivars of recalcitrant species such as cotton can be delayed due to the difficulty in regenerating the transformed tissue. Existing regeneration protocols are limited to a few responsive varieties, such as Coker, commonly used as recipients during genetic transformation. One of the factors that may be related to recalcitrance is the inefficiency in the activation of different genes during in vitro culture that may be associated with the acquisition of embryogenic competence. Among the genes mentioned in the literature, the Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-Like Kinase (SERK) is shown to be responsible for the transition from the somatic cell state to the embryogenic in different plant species. The potential of this gene as a marker of somatic embryogenesis has been investigated. In this work, the relationship of the levels of GhSERK1 expression with the acquisition of embryogenic competence in cotton genotypes was analyzed. For this, a short sequence (186 bp) of this gene was selected from the conserved region between cotton and five other dicotyledons (Theobroma cacao, Citrus sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris) in order to allow the probe can be applied in the selection of other cultures. Initially, the RT-qPCR gene expression tests were performed in six genotypes with known embryogenic capacity (embryogenic - Coker 312, BRS Rubi and BRS Seridó and non-embryogenic - BRS 201, CNPA Precoce 1 and BRS Topázio), from RNA extracted from meristematic zygotic tissues. The aforementioned genotypes were induced to somatic embryogenesis in medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid and kinetin. Corroborating with the result obtained via RT-qPCR, somatic embryos were formed only in Coker 312, BRS Seridó and BRS Rubi. In the latter, the percentage of fertile plants obtained was higher (50%) than Coker 312 (41.6%). The selective applicability of GhSERK1 was validated in four genotypes top lines (CNPA 286, CNPA BA 139, CNPA BA 1366 and CNPA BA 2247) with unknown in vitro behavior. Simultaneously, we performed induction tests on somatic embryogenesis to verify the expression results. In the genotypes in which the relative expression was higher (Coker 312 and CNPA BA 139), somatic embryos were formed. A nonradioactive probe was then grown from the 186 bp fragment and attested for its efficiency via Southern Blot in the top line genotypes, robust spots were observed in Coker 312 and CNPA BA 139. Based on these results, the latter was selected as the recipient genotype in future transformation studies. In addition, the sequence used allowed to identify genotypes responsive to somatic embryogenesis from zygotic tissues, optimizing time and costs. This work provides collaborations for the understanding of factors that may be involved in the acquisition of embryogenic competence generating perspectives of new studies to strengthen the programs of genetic improvement of the culture.
O lançamento de cultivares transgênicas de espécies recalcitrantes como o algodoeiro pode ser retardado devido à dificuldade em regenerar o tecido transformado. Os protocolos de regeneração existentes limitam-se a poucas variedades responsivas, como a Coker, normalmente utilizadas como receptoras durante a transformação genética. Um dos fatores que podem estar ligados à recalcitrância, é a ineficiência na ativação de diferentes genes durante o cultivo in vitro que podem estar associados à aquisição de competência embriogênica. Dentre os genes citados na literatura, destaca-se o Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-Like Kinase (SERK) retratado como responsável pela transição do estado celular somático para embriogênico em diferentes espécies de plantas. A potencialidade deste gene como marcador de embriogênese somática tem sido investigada. Neste trabalho, foram analisadas a relação dos níveis de expressão de GhSERK1 com a aquisição de competência embriogênica em genótipos de algodoeiro. Para isto, uma sequência curta (186 pb) deste gene foi selecionada a partir de região conservada entre o algodão e cinco outras dicotiledôneas (Theobroma cacao, Citrus sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Glycine max e Phaseolus vulgaris) de modo a permitir que a sonda também possa ser aplicada na seleção de outras culturas. Inicialmente, os testes de expressão gênica via RT-qPCR foram realizados em seis genótipos com capacidade embriogênica conhecida (embriogênicos – Coker 312, BRS Rubi e BRS Seridó e não embriogênicos – BRS 201, CNPA Precoce 1 e BRS Topázio), a partir de RNA extraído de tecidos zigóticos meristemáticos. Os genótipos supracitados foram induzidos à embriogênese somática em meio suplementado com ácido naftalenoacético e kinetina. Corroborando com o resultado obtido via RT-qPCR, embriões somáticos formaram-se apenas na Coker 312, BRS Seridó e BRS Rubi. Nesta última, o percentual de plantas férteis obtidas foi maior (50%) do que o Coker 312 (41,6%). A aplicabilidade seletiva do GhSERK1 foi validada em quatro genótipos top lines (CNPA 286, CNPA BA 139, CNPA BA 1366 e CNPA BA 2247) com comportamento in vitro desconhecido. Simultaneamente, realizamos ensaios de indução à embriogênese somática para comprovar os resultados de expressão. Nos genótipos em que a expressão relativa foi maior (Coker 312 e CNPA BA 139) houve a formação de embriões somáticos. Uma sonda não radioativa foi então desenvolvida a partir do fragmento de 186 pb e atestada sua eficiência via Southern Blot nos genótipos top lines, manchas robustas foram observadas em Coker 312 e CNPA BA 139. Com base nestes resultados, este último foi selecionado como genótipo receptor em futuros estudos de transformação. Além disso, a sequência utilizada permitiu identificar os genótipos responsivos à embriogênese somática a partir de tecidos zigóticos, otimizando o tempo e os custos. Este trabalho fornece colaborações para a compreensão de fatores que podem estar envolvidos na aquisição de competência embriogênica gerando perspectivas de novos estudos para fortalecer os programas de melhoramento genético da cultura.
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Furtado, Roselayne Ferro. "Cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo submetidas à infestação natural de pragas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8616.
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FURTADO, R. F. Cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo submetidas à infestação natural de pragas. 2006. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006.Submitted by Francisco Lacerda (lacerda@ufc.br) on 2014-08-01T19:01:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_rffurtado.pdf: 733765 bytes, checksum: 636d09acbb5abb8083ee21004976f398 (MD5)
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The cotton cultivars have different morphological and chemical characteristics that may influence the susceptibility of the plants to pests. The objective of this work was to compare the susceptibility of the Upland cotton cultivars BRS Antares, BRS 201, BRS Facual, BRS Ipê, BRS ITA 96, BRS Sucupira, CNPA 8 H, CNPA ITA 90, CNPA Precoce 3 and DeltaOpal to agricultural pests in the conditions of Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil. In field tests, the experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replications for the plants submitted to natural infestation and one repetition for the plants with control of the infestation. Each experimental unit had three rows with three meters long. The area observation was composed by the central row with thirteen plants. The evaluations of the infestations were made across observations in the field ever each seven days. The number of plants infested by mealybug (Planococcus sp.) and aphid (Aphis gossypii) was recorded each seven days when the plants had at least one colony of the species. The number of plants infested by yellow beetle (Costalimaita ferruginea) was recorded when the plants had at least 10% or more leaves damaged. In the infestation for pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) it was recorded the number of attacked plants. The following agronomic characteristics were considered: (a) first fruiting branch height, (b) number of nodes for the first fruiting branch, (c) plant height, (d) number of fruiting branches/plant, (e) number of boll/plant, (f) days of first flower open, (g) days of first boll open, (h) average of boll weight, (i) fiber percentage, (j) 100 seeds weight, (l) earliness and (m) yield. In greenhouse test, the plants of the ten cultivars were infested with six adult aphids after six days of germination. The number of adults/plant was recorded twenty four hours after infestation and the number of ninphs and adults/plant was also recorded six days after beginning of the experiment. The experimental design was a completely randomized with six replication of each cultivar. There were no significant differences among the cultivars damaged by Planococcus sp, A. gossypii, C. ferruginea. The cultivars BRS Antares, CNPA Precoce 3 and DeltaOpal were more infested by P. gossypiella than the other cultivars. There were significant differences among infested plants and control plants for the following characters: first fruiting branch height, plant height, earliness, yield and average of boll weight. CNPA Precoce 3 yielded less fibers and CNPA ITA 90 had the highest fiber yield. The greenhouse results indicated that there were no significant differences among the cultivars which showed an average of 4,06 adults twenty four hours after infestation and also 7,76 and 62,91 ninphs and adults respectively, six days after the infestation. CNPA ITA 90 cultivar was the one with smaller susceptibility to pests.
As cultivares de algodoeiro apresentam características morfológicas e químicas diferentes que podem influenciar a susceptibilidade às pragas. Neste contexto, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de comparar a suscetibilidade das cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo BRS Antares, BRS 201, BRS Facual, BRS Ipê, BRS ITA 96 BRS Sucupira, CNPA 8H, CNPA ITA 90, CNPA Precoce 3 e DeltaOpal às pragas agrícolas, nas condições de Fortaleza, CE. No experimento em campo, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições para as plantas submetidas à infestação natural e uma repetição para as plantas com controle da infestação. Cada parcela constituiu-se de três linhas de três metros, sendo a área útil composta somente da linha central constituída por treze plantas. Para o monitoramento das pragas fez-se a cada sete dias observações em campo. Na Infestação por cochonilha (Planococcus sp.) e pulgão (Aphis gossypii) anotou-se o número de plantas infestadas quando essas apresentavam pelo menos uma colônia da espécie. Para o ataque de besouro-creme (Costalimaita ferruginea) anotou-se o número de plantas que apresentavam dano ≥ 10% do número total de folhas. Na infestação por lagarta-rosada (Pectinophora gossypiella) anotou-se o número de plantas atacadas. Foram consideradas as seguintes características agronômicas: (a) altura de inserção do primeiro ramo frutífero, (b) número de nós até o primeiro ramo frutífero, (c) altura de plantas, (d) número de ramos frutíferos por planta, (e) número de capulhos por planta, (f) dias para abertura da primeira flor, (g) dias para abertura do primeiro capulho, (h) peso médio do capulho, (i) percentagem de fibra, (j) peso de 100 sementes, (l) precocidade da colheita e (m) produção. No experimento de casa-de-vegetação, plantas das dez cultivares foram infestadas após dezesseis dias de germinação com cinco pulgões adultos. A contagem do número de adultos/planta foi realizada após vinte e quatro horas de infestação e a segunda avaliação referente ao número de ninfas e de adultos/planta foi feita decorridos seis dias da instalação do experimento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez tratamentos e seis repetições. As pragas cochonilha, pulgão e besouro-creme não demonstraram diferença na preferência das cultivares. A infestação pela lagarta-rosada foi maior nas cultivares: BRS Antares, CNPA Precoce 3 e DeltaOpal. Foram encontradas reduções significativas em relação ao controle para as seguintes características: altura de inserção do primeiro ramo frutífero, altura das plantas, produção, precocidade e peso médio dos capulhos. Considerando a infestação das pragas e o rendimento de fibra na produção total entre as plantas infestadas, verificou-se que a cultivar CNPA Precoce 3 e CNPA ITA 90 apresentaram valores inferior e superior às outras cultivares, respectivamente. Na infestação artificial feita com os pulgões, não houve diferença significativa entre as cultivares, as quais apresentaram em média 4,06 adultos após 24 horas de infestação, 7,76 e 62,91 ninfas e adultos após seis dias de infestação, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que a CNPA ITA 90 foi a cultivar com melhor desempenho nesta pesquisa em frente à susceptibilidade às pragas.