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1

Davidson, P. L., and R. M. Andersen. "Determinants of Dental Care Utilization for Diverse Ethnic and Age Groups." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 2 (May 1997): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110020801.

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Dental services utilization in the past 12 months was compared across population-based samples of African-American, Navajo, Lakota, Hispanic, and White adults participating in the WHO International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) at USA research locations. Bivariate results revealed that ethnic minority groups in both age cohorts reported significantly fewer dental visits in the past 12 months compared with White adults. When dentate status was controlled for, age cohort differences were not significant in Baltimore (African-American and White) and San Antonio (Hispanic and White) research locations. In contrast, older Native Americans (65-74 years) reported visiting the dentist significantly less often compared with their middle-aged (35-44 years) counterparts. Multivariate results indicated that generalizable variables were associated with dental contact in every ICS-II USA ethnic group (i.e., dentate, usual source of dental care, oral pain). Among the diverse ethnic groups, other determinants presented a varied pattern of risk factors for underutilizing dental care. Information on ethnic-specific risk factors can be used to design culturally appropriate and acceptable oral health promotion programs. Generalizable risk factors across ethnic groups inform oral health policy-makers about changing national priorities for promoting oral health.
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2

Winn, D. M., J. A. Brunelle, R. H. Selwitz, L. M. Kaste, R. J. Oldakowski, A. Kingman, and L. J. Brown. "Coronal and Root Caries in the Dentition of Adults in the United States, 1988–1991." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 2_suppl (February 1996): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459607502s04.

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Dental public health policy planning requires accurate and current information about the extent of caries in the United States population. These data are available from the caries examination from Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which found that 94% of adults in the United States show evidence of past or present coronal caries. Among the dentate, the mean number of decayed and filled coronal surfaces per person was 21.5. Dentate females had a lower number of untreated coronal tooth surfaces with caries (1.5), but a higher mean number of treated and untreated surfaces per person (22.7) than males, with scores of 2.1 and 20.2, respectively. Estimates for race-ethnicity groups were standardized by age and gender to control for population differences among them. Dentate non-Hispanic blacks (11.9) and Mexican-Americans (14.1) had half the number of decayed and filled coronal surfaces as non-Hispanic whites (24.3), but more untreated surfaces (non-Hispanic whites, 1.5; non-Hispanic blacks, 3.4; Mexican-Americans, 2.8). Mexican-Americans were most likely to be dentate, had the highest average number of teeth, and had 25% fewer decayed, missing, and filled coronal surfaces (37.6) than non-Hispanic blacks (49.2) and non-Hispanic whites (51.0). Root caries affected 22.5% of the dentate population. Blacks had the most treated and untreated root surfaces with caries (1.6), close to the value for Mexican-Americans (1.4). The score for non-Hispanic whites was 1.1. Untreated root caries is most common in dentate non-Hispanic blacks (1.5), followed by Mexican-Americans (1.2), with non-Hispanic whites (0.6) having the fewest untreated carious root surfaces. Race-ethnicity groups were disparate with respect to dental caries; effort is needed to treat active caries common in some population subgroups.
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Borrell, L. N., B. A. Burt, and G. W. Taylor. "Prevalence and Trends in Periodontitis in the USA: from the NHANES III to the NHANES, 1988 to 2000." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 10 (October 2005): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401010.

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Trends in periodontal diseases in the USA have been documented for years. However, the results have been mixed, mostly due to different periodontal assessment protocols. This study examined change in the prevalence of periodontitis between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000, and differences in the prevalence of periodontitis among racial/ethnic groups in the USA. Analysis was limited to non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American adults aged 18+ yrs in the NHANES III (n = 12,088) or the NHANES 1999–2000 (n = 3214). The prevalences of periodontitis for the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 were 7.3% and 4.2%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, blacks were 1.88 times (95%CI: 1.42, 2.50) more likely to have periodontitis than whites surveyed in the NHANES III. However, the odds of periodontitis for blacks and Mexican-Americans did not differ from those for whites surveyed in the NHANES 1999–2000. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of periodontitis has decreased between the NHANES III and the NHANES 1999–2000 for all racial/ethnic groups in the USA.
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4

Riley, Joseph L., Gregg H. Gilbert, and Marc W. Heft. "Orofacial Pain: Patient Satisfaction and Delay of Urgent Care." Public Health Reports 120, no. 2 (March 2005): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000207.

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Objective. Accomplishing the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating disparities in oral disease will require a better understanding of the patterns of health care associated with orofacial pain. This study examined factors associated with pain-related acute oral health care. Methods. The authors used data on 698 participants in the Florida Dental Care Study, a study of oral health among dentate adults aged 45 years and older at baseline. Results. Fifteen percent of the respondents reported having had at least one dental visit as the result of orofacial pain. The majority of the respondents reportedly delayed contacting a dentist for at least one day; however, there was no difference between respondents reporting pain as the initiating symptom and those with other problems. Once respondents decided that dental services were needed, those with a painful symptom were nearly twice as likely as those without pain to want to be seen immediately. Rural adults were more likely than urban adults to report having received urgent dental care for a painful symptom. When orofacial pain occurred, those who identified as non-Hispanic African American were more likely than those who identified as non-Hispanic white to delay care rather than to seek treatment immediately, and women were more likely then men. Having a pain-related oral problem was associated with significantly less satisfaction with the services provided; non-Hispanic African American respondents were less likely than non-Hispanic white respondents to report being very satisfied, and rural residents were less likely than urban residents. Furthermore, men were more likely than women to suffer with orofacial pain without receiving either scheduled dental care or an urgent visit. Conclusions. Barriers to care are complex and likely to be interactive, but must be understood before the goals of Healthy People 2010 can be accomplished.
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5

Eckert, G. J., R. Jackson, and M. Fontana. "Sociodemographic Variation of Caries Risk Factors in Toddlers and Caregivers." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/593487.

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Objectives. Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, with numerous identified risk factors. Risk factor differences could indicate the need to target caregiver/patient education/preventive care intervention strategies based on population and/or individual characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries risk factors differences by race/ethnicity, income, and education.Methods. We enrolled 396 caregiver-toddler pairs and administered a 105-item questionnaire addressing demographics, access to care, oral bacteria transmission, caregiver's/toddler's dental and medical health practices, caregiver's dental beliefs, and caregiver's/toddler's snacking/drinking habits. Logistic regressions and ANOVAs were used to evaluate the associations of questionnaire responses with caregiver's race/ethnicity, income, and education.Results. Caregivers self-identified as Non-Hispanic African-American (44%), Non-Hispanic White (36%), Hispanic (19%), and “other” (1%). Differences related to race/ethnicity, income, and education were found in all risk factor categories.Conclusions. Planning of caregiver/patient education/preventive care intervention strategies should be undertaken with these caries risk factor differences kept in mind.
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6

Cappelli, David P., Jeffrey L. Ebersole, and Kenneth S. Kornman. "Early-onset periodontitis in Hispanic-American adolescents associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 22, no. 2 (April 1994): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01585.x.

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7

Brown, L. J., J. A. Brunelle, and A. Kingman. "Periodontal Status in the United States, 1988–91: Prevalence, Extent, and Demographic Variation." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 2_suppl (February 1996): 672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459607502s07.

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This paper reports estimates of the periodontal status of US population derived from data from Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Institute of Dental Research from 1988 to 1991. A total of 7,447 dentate individuals 13 years of age and older, representing approximately 160.3 million civilian non-institutionalized Americans, received a periodontal assessment. Measurements of gingival bleeding, gingival recession level, periodontal pocket depth, and calculus were made by dental examiners. Assessments were made at the mesiobuccal and mid-buccal sites of all fully erupted permanent teeth present in two randomly selected quadrants, one maxillary and one mandibular. All data were weighted and standard errors calculated by special software to adjust for the effect of sample design. Although over 90% of persons 13 years of age or older had experienced some clinical loss of attachment (LA), only 15% exhibited more severe destruction (LA ≥ 5 mm). Prevalence of moderate and severe LA and gingival recession increased with age, while prevalence of pockets ≥ 4 mm or ≥ 6 mm did not. These data suggest that the increasing prevalence of LA with age is more associated with increasing prevalence of recession than with changes in the prevalence of pockets or age. The extent or number of affected sites with advanced conditions for loss of attachment, pocket depth, or recession was not large for any age group. Differences in prevalence of moderate and severe loss of attachment, moderate and deep pockets, and recession were found among gender and race-ethnicity groups. Females exhibited better periodontal health than males, and non-Hispanic whites exhibited better periodontal health than either non-Hispanic blacks or Mexican-Americans.
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Brunelle, J. A., M. Bhat, and J. A. Lipton. "Prevalence and Distribution of Selected Occlusal Characteristics in the US Population, 1988–1991." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 2_suppl (February 1996): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459607502s10.

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The inclusion of occlusal traits as part of the oral health component of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988–91, provided an opportunity to assess several occlusal characteristics in the US population: diastema ≥ 2 mm, alignment of lower and upper anterior teeth, posterior crossbite, overbite, and overjet. Household questionnaires asked whether the individual had ever received orthodontic treatment. Prevalence of clinical measures of occlusal characteristics and orthodontic treatment was estimated for over 7,000 sample persons from 8 to 50 years of age, representing approximately 150 million non-institutionalized people in the United States. These findings present the first estimates of occlusal status of the US non-institutionalized population in more than 25 years. Eight percent of the population had severe overbite of 6 mm or more. The average overbite was 2.9 mm. Maxillary diastemas ≥ 2 mm were observed in 19% of 8-11-year-olds, 6% of 12-17-year-olds, and 5% of adults 18-50 years old. Twenty-five percent and 22% of persons had zero mm of malalignment in maxillary and mandibular incisors, respectively. Conversely, 11% and 15% of persons had 6 mm or more displacement of maxillary and mandibular molars, respectively. Posterior crossbite affects less than 10% of this population, and less than 10% had overjet of 6 mm or more. Non-Hispanic black adults had the least amount of malalignment in mandibular incisors. Three times as many non-Hispanic blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites and Mexican-Americans had diastemas ≥ 2 mm. Comparisons with published data from the National Health Examination Survey (1966–70) indicated a 20% increase of 12-17-year-olds with overbite in the normal range (0-3 mm). Almost 20% of adults ages 18-50, as well as 18% of children, have had orthodontic treatment.
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9

Tiwari, Tamanna, Jennie Marinucci, Eric P. Tranby, and Julie Frantsve-Hawley. "The Effect of Well Child Visit Location on Preventative Dental Visit." Children 8, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030191.

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Recent emphasis has been placed on the integration of dental and medical primary care in an effort to promote recommendations from both American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) that highlight the importance of preventing, intervening, and managing oral disease in childhood. The study aims to provide a population level insight into the role of location of service of medical well-child visit (WCV) and its association to preventative dental visit (PDV) for children between the ages of 0–20 years. Administrative claims data for 3.17 million Medicaid-enrolled children aged 0 to 20 years of age in 13 states in 2016 and 2017 were identified from the IBM Watson MarketScan Medicaid Database. Descriptive and survival analysis reveals most Medicaid enrolled children receive their WCV at an office and hospital, as compared to federally qualified health center, or rural or public health clinic. Further, this study demonstrates increased utilization of dental preventive services for children who receive a WCV. Hispanic children, female children, and children 5–9 years of age had a higher rate of PDV after a WCV at all three locations. This study contributes to the understanding of medical-dental integration among Medicaid-enrolled children and offers insight into the promotion of oral health prevention within medical primary care.
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10

Selwitz, R. H., D. M. Winn, A. Kingman, and G. R. Zion. "The Prevalence of Dental Sealants in the US Population: Findings from NHANES III, 1988–91." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 2_suppl (February 1996): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459607502s05.

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Over the past decade, dental sealants have become recognized as an important adjunct to the use of fluorides in the prevention of dental caries. The most recent national survey of oral health in children conducted in 1986–1987 found that only 7.6% of children had any sealed teeth. As part of the oral health component of the 1988–1991 Third National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III-Phase 1), the prevalence of dental sealants in children, adolescents, and adults was determined. The presence of dental sealants on posterior teeth (excluding third molars) and maxillary lateral incisors was recorded by visual and tactile methods during the dental caries examination. Findings in this paper are based on those examined persons having at least one sealable primary tooth for children aged 2–11 years (n = 3,792); at least one sealable permanent tooth for persons aged 5–17 years (n = 2,989); and at least one sealable permanent tooth for persons aged 18 years and over (n = 7,146). During 1988–1991, about 18.5% of US children and youth ages 5–17 had one or more sealed permanent teeth. A significantly higher percentage of non-Hispanic whites had sealants in comparison with their non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American counterparts (for all contrasts, p < 0.001). As expected, molar teeth were the most frequently sealed tooth type. Only 1.4% of US children ages 2–11 had at least one sealed primary tooth. The prevalence of dental sealants decreased in the US adult population with increasing age; 5.5% of adults ages 18–24 had at least one sealed permanent tooth. Data collected from NHANES III-Phase 2 (1991–1994) will be analyzed to determine if the upward trend in sealant use continues.
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11

Redford, M., T. F. Drury, A. Kingman, and L. J. Brown. "Denture Use and the Technical Quality of Dental Prostheses Among Persons 18–74 Years of Age: United States, 1988–1991." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 2_suppl (February 1996): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459607502s11.

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For persons without all or some of their natural teeth in one or both arches, the use of a complete or partial denture and the quality of the denture used are important aspects of their oral health and functioning. This report of prosthodontic findings from the first three years of the 1988–94 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III-Phase 1) provides estimates of denture use among the US civilian non-institutionalized population 18–74 years of age, as well as seminal information on the technical quality of dental prostheses nationwide. NHANES III-Phase 1 prosthodontic findings indicate that about one in five persons 18–74 years of age wears a removable prosthodontic appliance of some type. Overall, removable prosthodontic appliances are worn disproportionately more often by women than by men, and less frequently by whites than by blacks. Comparisons among race-ethnicity categories indicate that Mexican-Americans are less likely to use dentures than either of their non-Hispanic counterparts. Analyses of prosthodontic evaluation data indicate that approximately 60% of denture users have at least one problem with a denture. These findings from the oral component of NHANES III-Phase 1 provide clear indications that, despite increasing trends in tooth retention, dependence on removable prosthodontic appliances is still a reality of life for millions of Americans.
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Shaheen, Magda, Neeraj Harish Khona, and Katrina Schrode. "4239 Racial/ethnic difference in the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease among adult populations." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.422.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Several lines of studies have supported the existence of periodontitis (inflammation of the gums) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and CVD among Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian populations. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 (NHANES). The population was all adults with a periodontal exam. Periodontal Disease was defined as mild, moderate, and severe (2 loss of attachments of at least 3mm, 2 sites with probing depth of at least 4mm, or one site with probing depth of at least 5mm). Cardiovascular disease was defined by a questionnaire regarding prevalence of any of 5 diagnosis (congestive heart failure [CHF], coronary artery disease [CAD], angina, heart attack or stroke). Data were analyzed using multinomial regression in SAS version 9.3 taking into consideration the design and weight. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The study included 3375 adults; 13% were Hispanic and 10% were Blacks, 58% had > high school education, 81% were insured, 11% were heavy alcohol drinkers, 27% were smokers, 13% were physically inactive, 14% had periodontitis, 62% visited dentist last year, 2% had CHD, and 1.5% had CHF or stroke. In the multiple multinomial regression, overall, people with periodontitis were more likely to have both CHD (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.8, p<0.05) and CHF or stroke (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.0, p<0.05) than to have no heart condition. There was a racial/ethnic difference in the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Overall, people with periodontitis were more likely to have CHD, CHF or stroke than to have no heart condition, but with no significant effect of racial/ethnic group. This study provides a foundation to future studies on the connection of periodontitis and CVD in relation to ethnic/racial groups.
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Flaitz, Catherine M., C. Mark Nichols, Gene C. Stevenson, Patricia C. Riano, Antonio J. Moretti, and Robert L. Engelmeier. "Short-term Success of Osseointegrated Dental Implants in HIV-positive Individuals: A Prospective Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-1-1.

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Abstract Purpose Except for the occasional case report, there are no studies evaluating the success rate of osseointegrated dental implants in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study investigated the short-term clinical outcome of implant placement in a group of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals who required complete dentures. Methods and Materials Edentulous subjects were recruited from an HIV-dedicated clinic and a dental school clinic. Two BioHorizons® dental implants were placed in the anterior mandible to support an overdenture opposing a maxillary denture. Outcome measurements obtained six months after activation of implants were presence of pain, mobility, soft tissue status, and radiographic bone level. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Twenty-nine edentulous adults, including 20 HIV-positive subjects (test) and nine HIV-negative subjects (control), participated. The test group had six females, 14 males; 13 Whites, four African-Americans, and three Hispanics with a mean age of 48.9 years (range: 35-59). The mean CD4 count was 467 cells/mm3 (range: 132-948). The control group had six females, three males; seven Whites, and two Hispanics with a mean age of 65.3 years (range: 50-82). Short-term success rate was 100% for both groups. No difference in clinical outcome was found between the groups. Conclusion This study demonstrated dental implants are well tolerated and have predictable outcomes for HIV-infected individuals for the duration of the study and probably over an even longer term. Citation Stevenson GC, Riano PC, Moretti AJ, Nichols CM, Engelmeier RL, Flaitz CM. Short-term Success of Osseointegrated Dental Implants in HIV-positive Individuals: A Prospective Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:001-010.
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Smith, Sharon R., Stephanie T. Johnson, Samantha M. Oldman, and Valerie B. Duffy. "Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey: A Novel, Feasible and Reliable Dietary Screening in Clinical Practice." Caries Research 53, no. 2 (August 8, 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485467.

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Purpose: Rapid yet useful methods are needed to screen for dietary behaviors in clinical settings. We tested the feasibility and reliability of a pediatric adapted liking survey (PALS) to screen for dietary behaviors and suggest tailored caries and obesity prevention messages. Methods: In an observational study, children admitted to a pediatric emergency department (PED) for nonurgent care were approached to complete the PALS (33 foods, 4 nonfoods including brushing teeth). Measured height/weight were used for body mass index (BMI) percentile determination. Feasibility was assessed by response rate and PALS completion time. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency of food groups and test-retest reliability for PED-home reported PALS. Results: PALS was completed by 144 children (96% of approached) – 54% male (average age = 11 ± 3 years) with diversity in family income (43% publicly insured), race/ethnicity (15% African American, 33% Hispanic, 44% Caucasian) and adiposity (3% underweight, 50% normal, 31% overweight, 17% obese, 8% extremely obese). The average completion time was 3: 52 min, and conceptual food groups had reasonable internal reliability. From 57% (n = 82) with PED-home completion, PALS had a good/excellent test-retest reliability. Relative preferences for sweets versus brushing teeth identified unique groups of children for tailored prevention messages (high sweet/brushing preference, sweets > brushing, brushing > sweets). Females with higher adiposity reported significantly greater preference for sweet/high-fat foods, independently of demographic variables; the relationship was nonsignificant in males and with the other food groups. Conclusion: The PALS appears to be a fast, feasible and reliable dietary screener in a clinical setting to assist in forming tailored diet-related messages for dental caries and obesity prevention.
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Marcus, S. E., T. F. Drury, L. J. Brown, and G. R. Zion. "Tooth Retention and Tooth Loss in the Permanent Dentition of Adults: United States, 1988–1991." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 2_suppl (February 1996): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002203459607502s08.

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While the overall prevalence of tooth loss and edentulism has been declining in the United States over the past several decades, important variations remain among subgroups of the population. Data from Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) provide the most current estimates of the prevalence and distribution of tooth retention and tooth loss in the United States. Weighted analyses were conducted for all adults 18+ years of age (n = 8,366) and for selected age, gender, and race-ethnicity groups. In 1988–91, 89.5% of the population was dentate, and 30.5% had retained all 28 teeth. The mean number of teeth retained was 21.1 for all adults and 23.5 for dentate persons. The most commonly retained teeth in the mouth were the six anterior teeth in the lower arch. Conversely, 10.5% of the population was edentulous. Partial edentulism was much more common in the upper arch than in the lower arch. The most commonly missing teeth were the first and second molars. Age was strongly related to every measure of tooth retention and tooth loss. Gender was not related to any of these measures, after adjustment for age. Race-ethnicity was consistently related to these measures, after adjustment for age and gender. In general, Mexican-Americans had the lowest and black non-Hispanics the highest rates of tooth loss. Future research needs to examine a wide range of potential correlates of tooth retention and tooth loss before we can understand the complex interplay among the personal, dental, and environmental factors influencing tooth retention and tooth loss in the United States.
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Wu, Y. Y., W. Zhang, and B. Wu. "Disparities in Dental Service Use among Adult Populations in the United States." JDR Clinical & Translational Research, May 3, 2021, 238008442110126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23800844211012660.

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Objectives: This article aims to examine the disparities in dental service utilization among 3 age groups: younger adults (20–49 y), middle-aged adults (50–64 y), and older adults (65+ y), among Whites, Hispanics, Blacks, Asians, American Indians or Alaska Natives (AIAN), and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI). Methods: Weighted logistic regression models were conducted to analyze 9 waves of cross-sectional survey data (2002–2018) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We estimated age group- and race/ethnic–specific prevalences of dental service utilization adjusting sociodemographics and self-rated health for each wave and compared with crude analysis. Next, we performed linear regression analysis of the trend of adjusted prevalences over time and the average level by race/ethnicity and age groups. Results: Racial/ethnic disparities increased with age, even though the adjusted prevalences of dental service utilization were less apparent than the crude analysis. The all-wave average prevalence was 71%. Black older adults had the lowest level of dental service utilization (65%) as compared with the 2 highest groups: White older adults (79%) and Asian older adults (76%). The general younger adult populations had low prevalences, with the lowest among Asian younger adults (65%). AIAN and NHOPI individuals from all age groups tended to have average or below average prevalences. In addition, a decreasing trend of dental service utilization was observed among White individuals of all age groups (0.2%–0.3% lower per year, P < 0.01) and AIAN younger adults (0.5% lower per year, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Health policy, federal funding, and community-based programs should address the needs of dental service utilization for racial/ethnic minorities including Blacks, AIANs, and NHOPIs. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our study offers insights into our understanding of disparities in dental service utilization among minority racial/ethnic groups. As health policy, federal funding, and community-based programs seek to improve oral health, there is a need to address access to and utilization of dental service for Blacks, American Indians or Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders.
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