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Journal articles on the topic 'Hispanic American women legislators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Hu, Jie, Karen A. Amirehsani, Thomas P. McCoy, Sheryl L. Coley, and Debra C. Wallace. "Cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic American women." Women & Health 61, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2021.1917476.

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2

Ahern, Nancy R., and Judith P. Ruland. "A Maternal-Fetal Attachment in African-American and Hispanic-American Women." Journal of Perinatal Education 12, no. 4 (September 1, 2003): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.12.4.27.

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This pilot study used Cranley’s Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) to explore the feasibility of comparing maternal-fetal attachment behaviors of African-American and Hispanic-American gravidas. Data analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups’ MFAS total scale score means; however the Hispanic-American gravidas displayed significantly higher scores in two of the subscales. While study limitations were apparent, the results lend support to health care professionals’ responsibilities to be cognizant of potential similarities and differences in the cultural care needs of pregnant women.

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3

Pagan Lassalle, Patricia, Jacob P. DeBlois, Allie Keller, Lee Stoner, and Kevin S. Heffernan. "Central Blood Pressure and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Risk in Young Hispanic American Women." Ethnicity & Disease 31, no. 4 (October 21, 2021): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.31.4.489.

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Background: The incidence of younger women being hospitalized from cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is on the rise. Hispanic women are generally thought to have higher CVD risk factor burden than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women yet Hispanic Americans have lower mortality from CVD. Traditional measures of CVD may not accurately capture CVD risk in Hispanic Americans. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of ethnicity on vascular reactivity and central hemodynamic load to gain insight into subclinical CVD risk in young women.Methods: Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), low-flow mediated constriction (L-FMC), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and pulse wave analysis (from synthesized aortic pressure waveforms) were measured in 25 Hispanic women and 31 NHW women aged between 18-35 years. FMD and L-FMC were combined to provide an index of total vessel reactivity.Results: NHW and Hispanic women did not differ in age or traditional CVD risk factors (P>.05 for all). Compared with NHW women, Hispanic women had greater vascular reactivity (8.7±4.1 vs 11.7±4.1 %, P=.011), lower central pulse pressure (28±5 vs 24±3 mm Hg, P=.001) and lower pressure from wave reflections (12±2 vs 10±1 mm Hg, P=.001). There were no differences in cfPWV between NHW women and Hispanic women (5.4±0.7 vs 5.3±0.7 m/s, P=.73).Conclusion: Young Hispanic women have greater vascular reactivity and lower central pulsatile hemodynamic load compared with NHW women, suggesting lower subclinical CVD risk.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(4):489-500; doi:10.18865/ed.31.4.489

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4

Tung, Wei-Chen, and Jiani Xie McDonough. "Overweight and Obesity Among Hispanic/Latino American Women." Home Health Care Management & Practice 27, no. 3 (December 23, 2014): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822314563075.

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5

Brown, Nadia. "Identity and the Legislative Decision Making Process: A Case Study of the Maryland State Legislature." Ethnic Studies Review 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2011.34.1.45.

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Both politicians and the mass public believe that identity influences political behavior yet, political scientists have failed to fully detail how identity is salient for all political actors not just minorities and women legislators. To what extent do racial, gendered, and race/gendered identities affect the legislation decision process? To test this proposition, I examine how race and gender based identities shape the legislative decisions of Black women in comparison to White men, White women, and Black men. I find that Black men and women legislators interviewed believe that racial identity is relevant in their decision making processes, while White men and women members of the Maryland state legislature had difficulty deciding whether their identities mattered and had even more trouble articulating how or why they did. African American women legislators in Maryland articulate or describe an intersectional identity as a meaningful and significant component of their work as representatives. More specifically, Black women legislators use their identity to interpret legislation differently due to their race/gender identities.

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6

Lopez, Linda C., and Minami Hamilton. "Comparison of the Role of Mexican-American and Euro-American Family Members in the Socialization of Children." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (February 1997): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.283.

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To compare the involvement of Mexican-American and Euro-American family members in the socialization of children self-reports of their own socialization were collected from 663 university students. The sample was comprised of 109 Euro-American and 100 Mexican-American men as well as 215 Euro-American and 239 Mexican-American women. Mexican-American women included bathing them, playing with them, and befriending them among their mothers' contributions to their rearing more frequently than did non-Hispanic women. More Euro-American women than Hispanic women reported their fathers “took care of them.” Euro-American men listed disciplining them, reading to them, and helping them with homework among the activities their mothers participated in more than did Mexican-American men.

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7

Tung, Wei-Chen. "Cervical Cancer Screening Among Hispanic and Asian American Women." Home Health Care Management & Practice 23, no. 6 (July 12, 2011): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822311413555.

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8

Sharma, M. "Physical activity interventions in Hispanic American girls and women." Obesity Reviews 9, no. 6 (November 2008): 560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00501.x.

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9

Jeon-Slaughter, Haekyung, Xiaofei Chen, Bala Ramanan, and Shirling Tsai. "Assessing Performance of the Veterans Affairs Women Cardiovascular Risk Model in Predicting a Short-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Using United States Veterans Affairs COVID-19 Shared Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910005.

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The current study assessed performance of the new Veterans Affairs (VA) women cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score in predicting women veterans’ 60-day CVD event risk using VA COVID-19 shared cohort data. The study data included 17,264 women veterans—9658 White, 6088 African American, and 1518 Hispanic women veterans—ever treated at US VA hospitals and clinics between 24 February and 25 November 2020. The VA women CVD risk score discriminated patients with CVD events at 60 days from those without CVD events with accuracy (area under the curve) of 78%, 50%, and 83% for White, African American, and Hispanic women veterans, respectively. The VA women CVD risk score itself showed good accuracy in predicting CVD events at 60 days for White and Hispanic women veterans, while it performed poorly for African American women veterans. The future studies are needed to identify non-traditional factors and biomarkers associated with increased CVD risk specific to African American women and incorporate them to the CVD risk assessment.

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10

Nassir, R., L. Qi, R. Kosoy, L. Garcia, M. Allison, H. M. Ochs-Balcom, F. Tylavsky, et al. "Relationship between adiposity and admixture in African-American and Hispanic-American women." International Journal of Obesity 36, no. 2 (April 12, 2011): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.84.

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11

Mayers, Raymond Sanchez. "Use of Folk Medicine by Elderly Mexican-American Women." Journal of Drug Issues 19, no. 2 (April 1989): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268901900207.

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There is a vast anthropological/sociological literature on the use of folk healers in Hispanic (Mexican - American) communities. While the use of folk healers has decreased with urbanization, acculturation, and increased education, recent studies done in Dallas, Texas, show that elderly Hispanic women are familiar with, and use a variety of informal healing methods and substances for a variety of illnesses, both physical and mental. The folk-healing system is used to supplement the formal scientific one, rather than replace it. Informants seemed to have a clear idea about the point at which one or the other should be consulted. There are a variety of herbs readily available for use and sold in boticas or botanicas.

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12

Pang, Raina D., Mariel S. Bello, Madalyn M. Liautaud, Andrea H. Weinberger, and Adam M. Leventhal. "Gender Differences in Negative Affect During Acute Tobacco Abstinence Differ Between African American and White Adult Cigarette Smokers." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 8 (June 15, 2018): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty122.

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Abstract Introduction Prior studies have found heightened negative affect following tobacco abstinence in women compared to men. However, experimental work addressing whether these findings generalize across racial groups is scarce. This study investigated whether race (non-Hispanic White vs. non-Hispanic African American) moderated gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect and smoking behavior. Methods Data were collected from 2010 to 2017 from two separate laboratory studies investigating experimentally manipulated tobacco abstinence. Following a baseline session, adult daily smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day; women: n = 297, 83.8% non-Hispanic African American; men: n = 492, 86.2% non-Hispanic African American) attended two counterbalanced lab sessions (16 hours abstinent vs. non-abstinent) and completed self-report measures of negative affect followed by a laboratory analogue smoking reinstatement task. Results We found a gender × race interaction for several negative affect states and composite negative affect (βs = −.12 to −.16, Ps < .05). Analyses stratified by race showed that non-Hispanic White women compared to non-Hispanic White men exhibited greater abstinence-induced increases in anger, anxiety, and composite negative affect (βs = −.20 to −.29, Ps < .05). No significant gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect were found for non-Hispanic African American smokers (βs = .00 to − .04, Ps > .05). Conclusion These findings suggest that negative affect during acute tobacco abstinence may be a clinically important and intervenable factor that can inform cessation interventions specifically for non-Hispanic White women smokers. Further empirical exploration of mechanisms underlying interactions of gender and race in tobacco addiction may benefit smoking cessation efforts in non-Hispanic African American women smokers. Implications This study contributes to a scant body of research examining the intersectional influence of race and gender on abstinence-induced negative affect—a central, motivationally prepotent feature of tobacco withdrawal. Using a laboratory-based design to experimentally manipulate abstinence, we provide evidence of a gender × race interaction on negative affect–related withdrawal. Our findings suggest that gender differences in abstinence-induced negative affect observed among non-Hispanic White smokers may not generalize to non-Hispanic African American smokers, highlighting the need for future work to address potential mechanisms underlying the racially discrepant impact of gender on affective tobacco withdrawal.

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13

Kong, Dexia, Peiyi Lu, Joan Davitt, and Mack Shelley. "Racial/ethnic/gender-based Disparities in Health Trajectories among American Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3295.

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Abstract Numerous studies have examined racial/ethnic- or gender-based disparities in health. However, few examined health outcomes based on a combination of individuals’ race, ethnicity, and gender. Guided by an intersectionality framework, this study explores racial/ethnic/gender-based differences in older adults’ health trajectories over a ten-year period. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2014) were used (n=16,654). Older adults (65+) were stratified into six groups based on their race, ethnicity, and gender, including (1) Non-Hispanic (NH) White Men; (2) NH White Women; (3) NH Black Men; (4) NH Black Women; (5) Hispanic Men; and (6) Hispanic Women. Growth curve models were used to examine the trajectories of three health indicators over time, including cognitive function, physical function (i.e. the sum of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living), and depressive symptoms. The results indicated that NH White men and women outperformed racial/ethnic minority groups in cognition and physical function trajectories. Females in all racial/ethnic groups had more depressive symptoms but better cognition than their male counterparts. Hispanic women reported the most depressive symptoms. Hispanic women and NH Black women had the poorest physical function. NH Black men/women had the lowest cognition. Study findings highlighted the utility of an intersectionality framework in understanding health disparities in later life. Multiple social identities intersect with each other and generate protective and/or risk effects on cognitive, mental, and physical health status. Multilevel intervention strategies are warranted to close the health equity gap among various marginalized population groups.

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Liu, Jialiang, Xiangzhu Zhu, Kimberly G. Fulda, Shande Chen, and Meng-Hua Tao. "Comparison of Dietary Micronutrient Intakes by Body Weight Status among Mexican-American and Non-Hispanic Black Women Aged 19–39 Years: An Analysis of NHANES 2003–2014." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 2846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122846.

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The objective of the current study was to examine micronutrient intake from foods in women of childbearing age and to better understand potential nutritional problems varied by body weight status in minority women. A sample of women aged 19–39 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2014 was analyzed. Dietary intakes of 13 micronutrients were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Mexican-American and non-Hispanic Black women were categorized into normal/under-weight, overweight, or obese groups according to their body mass index (BMI). Mexican-American and non-Hispanic Black women had lower dietary intakes for vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, and D, folate, calcium, and magnesium than non-Hispanic Whites. Among Mexican-Americans, obese women had the lowest dietary intake of vitamins A, B2, C and D. Obese non-Hispanic Black women had significantly lower dietary intakes of iron and zinc than their normal/under-weight counterparts. Comparable percentages (>30%) of Mexican-American and non-Hispanic Black women had dietary intake less than the Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) for several key nutrients including vitamin A, C and D, folate, calcium and magnesium, and the percentages varied by body weight status. These results indicate micronutrient inadequacies persist among and within racial/ethnic and body weight groups.

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Ruiz, R. Jeanne, Susan Gennaro, Caitlin O’Connor, Alok Dwivedi, Anne Gibeau, Tayra Keshinover, and Tia Welsh. "CRH as a Predictor of Preterm Birth in Minority Women." Biological Research For Nursing 18, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800415611248.

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Objective: To determine the predictive capability of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) as a biomarker of preterm birth (PTB) in minority women. Study Design: Venous blood samples were obtained at 22–24 weeks’ gestation in a prospective, descriptive study of 707 minority women experiencing low-risk pregnancies. CRH was analyzed using a radioimmunoassay and methanol extraction protocol. Result: CRH predicted PTB in both African American and Hispanic women. The odds ratio was 1.8 times greater for having a PTB if the CRH level was >24 pg/ml. The median CRH for African American women having a PTB was 46.6 pg/ml and for Hispanic women was 35.03 pg/ml. Using a receiver–operating characteristic curve, the threshold for CRH among the African American women was 30.6 pg/ml and among the Hispanic women was 27.4 pg/ml. Conclusion: CRH may be an important biomarker for predicting PTB in minority women, especially when combined with other predictors.

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16

KEVANE, BRIDGET. "The Hispanic Absence in the North American Literary Canon." Journal of American Studies 35, no. 1 (April 2001): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875801006545.

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I recently completed a book of interviews (Latina Self-Portraits: Interviews with Contemporary Women Writers, co-edited with Juanita Heredia, University of New Mexico Press, 2000) with ten of the most prominent Latina writers in the US; Julia Alvarez, Denise Chávez, Sandra Cisneros, Rosario Ferré, Cristina García, Nicholasa Mohr, Cherríe Moraga, Judith Ortiz Cofer, Esmeralda Santiago and Helena María Viramontes. These women, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican and Puerto Rican Americans, raised issues that ranged from the craft of writing to the inherent problems of national identities. The themes generated in our conversations with these women – their doubled ethnic identities, their complicated relationship to their communities, their difficulties in representing their communities and, finally, their work as part of the larger American canon – revealed a powerful discourse about what it means to be Latina American in the United States. After spending two years talking with these women, it is evident to me that Latina literature is a vital part of American literature and should be included in any study of comparative American literatures.

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Fernandez, Maria E., Richard C. Palmer, and Cindy A. Leong-Wu. "Repeat Mammography Screening among Low-Income and Minority Women: A Qualitative Study." Cancer Control 12, no. 4_suppl (November 2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274805012004s11.

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Regular mammography screening can reduce breast cancer mortality, yet low-income African American and Hispanic women underutilize mammography screening and are often diagnosed at a later stage, resulting in increased mortality. We used qualitative research methods to identify factors influencing regular breast cancer screening among African American and Hispanic women. Predisposing factors (including fear of mastectomy and lack of knowledge), enabling factors (including cost and social support) and a reinforcing factor were identified and categorized utilizing the PRECEDE framework. The study identified factors associated with the decision to complete regular mammography screening, and examined differences between African American and Hispanic women who participated in the interviews. Future research should seek to better understand the influence of family/friends, risk perception, and fatalistic beliefs on the decision to obtain regular mammograms.

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Romero, Mary, Teresa McKenna, and Flora Ida Ortiz. "The Broken Web: The Educational Experience of Hispanic American Women." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 11, no. 1 (1990): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3346709.

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Bigman, Galya, Anna V. Wilkinson, Adriana Pérez, and Nuria Homedes. "Acculturation and Breastfeeding Among Hispanic American Women: A Systematic Review." Maternal and Child Health Journal 22, no. 9 (July 12, 2018): 1260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2584-0.

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Gotay, CC, and ME Wilson. "Social support and cancer screening in African American, Hispanic, and Native American women." Cancer Practice 6, no. 1 (January 1998): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5394.1998.1998006031.x.

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21

Wambach, Karen, Elaine Williams Domian, Sallie Page-Goertz, Heather Wurtz, and Kelli Hoffman. "Exclusive Breastfeeding Experiences among Mexican American Women." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415599400.

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Background:According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hispanic breastfeeding mothers begin early formula supplementation at higher rates than other ethnic groups, which can lead to shorter breastfeeding duration and decreased exclusive breastfeeding. Acculturation, the process of adopting beliefs and behaviors of another culture, appears to influence breastfeeding practices of Hispanic women in the United States. Little is known about Mexican American mothers’ formula use and exclusive breastfeeding within the context of acculturation.Objective:Our study identified perceived benefits and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and levels of acculturation among Mexican American women living in a Midwestern city.Methods:We used a qualitative descriptive design integrating Pender’s Health Promotion Model concepts. Individual interviews were conducted in English or Spanish (N = 21). The revised Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans was used to examine acculturation levels.Results:Acculturation scores indicated that the majority (66%) of the sample was “very Mexican oriented.” Most women exclusively breastfed, with a few using early supplementation for “insufficient milk production.” Three themes emerged: (1) It is natural that a woman give life and also provide the best food for her baby; (2) Breastfeeding is ultimately a woman’s decision but is influenced by tradition, guidance, and encouragement; and (3) Breast milk is superior but life circumstances can challenge one’s ability to breastfeed.Conclusion:Strong familial/cultural traditions supported and normalized breastfeeding. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding were similar to breastfeeding women in general, in the United States. Findings support the need for culturally competent and individualized lactation care.

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Pease, Daniel Fellows, David T. Gilbertson, and Andres Wiernik. "Mammography screening and detection of early stage breast cancer in Hispanic and African American women at a Minnesota safety net healthcare system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e18074-e18074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18074.

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e18074 Background: Approximately 12% of breast cancer cases occur in women younger than 50 years, per SEER data from 2012. Hispanic women are known to present at a younger age and African American women with more advanced stage disease. In this study, we describe the impact of age and race on the initial presentation of breast cancer among minority women treated at the Hennepin Healthcare System (HHS) in the state of Minnesota. Methods: A single-institution retrospective analysis of data from our electronic health record of all breast cancer diagnoses from 2010-2015. Cases were compared by age ( < 50 or > 50 years), race (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, other), stage (AJCC 7th edition), and method of diagnosis (self-reported mass or screening mammography). Results: A total of 315 breast cancer diagnoses occurred at HHS from 2010-2015. In our cohort, 29% of all breast cancer cases were diagnosed in women < 50yrs. Hispanic and African American women had higher rates of diagnosis at < 50yrs compared to Caucasian women (38.9% vs 37.1% vs 18.1 respectively, p < 0.05). Early stage cancer (stage 0 or I) accounted for most diagnoses in those > 50yrs (54.8%), while advanced stage (stage II-IV) was more prevalent in the < 50yrs age group (59.5%) (p < 0.05). Of all women diagnosed with breast cancer, 63% presented with a self-reported mass and 37% were diagnosed by screening mammography. Hispanics and African American women had a higher rate of presentation with a self-reported mass (74% and 66% respectively) compared to Caucasian women (55%). Women with breast cancer < 50yrs were more likely to present with a self-reported mass than women > 50yrs (80% vs 55%, p < 0.05). 92% of Hispanic and 80% of African American women < 50yrs presented with a self-reported mass, compared to 62% of Caucasian women (p = 0.095). Conclusions: At our institution, Hispanic and African American women are diagnosed at a significantly younger age than Caucasian women, and those diagnosed at a younger age have more advanced disease. Presenting with a self-reported mass is very common for young non-Caucasian women. Whether screening mammography can be better utilized to change these trends requires further study.

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Gamble, Charlotte, Yongmei Huang, Ana Isabel Tergas, Maria Paula Ruiz, June YiJuan Hou, Fady Collado, Caryn St. Clair, and Jason Dennis Wright. "Quality of care and survival of women with uterine cancer by Hispanic origin: An NCDB analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e17120-e17120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e17120.

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e17120 Background: In cancer research in the US, Hispanic patients are often analyzed as a homogeneous group despite significant diversity within this ethnic classification. Our objective was to assess the impact of place of origin on quality of care and overall survival for Hispanic women with uterine cancer living in the US. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify all patients with uterine cancer from 2004-2015. Hispanic origin was classified based on NCDB subgroups: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, and Dominican Republic. Multivariable models were used to assess the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of receiving quality of care indicators. Thirty-day mortality and overall 5-year survival were calculated using multivariable log-Poisson and Cox proportional Hazard models. Results: A total of 5,411 Hispanic women and 288,111 non-Hispanic women were identified. Of Hispanic women, Mexican patients comprised the largest subgroup (n = 2,512), and increased from 34.5% to 49.7% over the study period. South or Central American (n = 1,217) and Dominican (n = 218) patients also increased modestly, while the volume of Puerto Rican patients remained unchanged (n = 877), and Cuban patients decreased from 23.3% to 5.6% (n = 587). Compared to non-Hispanic women, there were no significant differences in the rates of use of minimally invasive surgery, chemotherapy in early stage high risk disease, lymph node dissection, or 30-day readmission among the Hispanic subpopulations. Rates of chemotherapy for advanced stage disease were modestly increased for Dominican (aRR 1.37, 95%CI (1.23-1.54)) and South or Central American (aRR 1.16, 95%CI (1.05,1.29)) groups. Dominican patients had a statistically significant reduction in overall mortality at five years for stage III and IV disease with aHR 0.38, 95%CI (0.16-0.90) and aHR 0.28, 95%CI (0.09, 0.87), respectively. For all other Hispanic subgroups, there were no differences in stage-specific survival. Conclusions: The diversity within the Hispanic cohort of women with uterine cancer in NCDB is changing. Overall quality indicators and survival outcomes are comparable between each Hispanic origin group, with the exception of advanced stage Dominican women who are more likely to receive chemotherapy, and have superior survival outcomes.

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Hunt, Bijou R. "Breast Cancer Prevalence and Mortality among Hispanic Subgroups in the United States, 2009–2013." Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8784040.

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Background. This paper presents data on breast cancer prevalence and mortality among US Hispanics and Hispanic subgroups, including Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American.Methods. Five-year average annual female breast cancer prevalence and mortality rates for 2009–2013 were examined using data from the National Health Interview Survey (prevalence) and the National Center for Health Statistics and the American Community Survey (mortality rates).Results. Overall breast cancer prevalence among US Hispanic women was 1.03%. Although the estimates varied slightly by Hispanic subgroup, these differences were not statistically significant. The breast cancer mortality rate for Hispanics overall was 17.71 per 100,000 women. Higher rates were observed among Cubans (17.89), Mexicans (18.78), and Puerto Ricans (19.04), and a lower rate was observed among Central and South Americans (10.15). With the exception of the rate for Cubans, all Hispanic subgroup rates were statistically significantly different from the overall Hispanic rate. Additionally, all Hispanic subgroups rates were statistically significantly higher than the Central and South American rate.Conclusion. The data reveal significant differences in mortality across Hispanic subgroups. These data enable public health officials to develop targeted interventions to help lower breast cancer mortality among the highest risk populations.

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Jones, Mark P. "Gender Quotas, Electoral Laws, and the Election of Women." Comparative Political Studies 42, no. 1 (November 7, 2008): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414008324993.

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This study uses district-level data from national legislative elections in 19 Latin American countries to evaluate the effect of gender quota legislation, in concert with other electoral rules, on the election of women legislators. Well-designed quota legislation has a profound positive impact on the election of women, regardless of the type of party list (closed or open). Where quota legislation is in force, the use of closed lists on average results in a greater percentage of women legislators elected to office than does the use of open lists. However, this difference is not as great as would be expected based on the prevailing conventional wisdom and is primarily the consequence of the superiority of the closed-list systems when the number of seats a party wins in a district (party magnitude) is two. With one important exception, party magnitude is generally unrelated to women's electoral success in the region.

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Guendelman, Sylvia, and Barbara Abrams. "Dietary, Alcohol, and Tobacco Intake among Mexican-American Women of Childbearing Age: Results from HANES Data." American Journal of Health Promotion 8, no. 5 (May 1994): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-8.5.363.

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Purpose. Dietary intake and substance abuse are important predictors of pregnancy outcome yet little is known about these behaviors in Mexican Americans. Dietary, tobacco, and alcohol intake of Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white women were compared across the reproductive cycle. Design. Four cross-sectional groups—interconceptional, pregnant, lactating, and postpartum non-lactating—were compared within and between ethnic groups. Subjects. A stratified sample of 682 women, 16 to 44 years old, of Mexican birth or origin from the Hispanic HANES was contrasted with a similarly stratified sample of 1,396 white non-Hispanic women from the NHANES. Measures. Demographic, behavioral and health characteristics, food practices, and fluid intake were examined. Data on food servings were combined into five major food groups. Results. Compared with white non-Hispanics, Mexican-American women had lower socioeconomic status and worse perceived health. However, Mexican Americans reported lower consumption of tobacco, alcohol, diet soda, and caffeine, particularly during pregnancy and lactation. Although portion sizes for the foods consumed were not assessed, frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables and milk was lower and meat higher among Mexican Americans. Conclusions. Despite socioeconomic disadvantages, Mexican-American women have better health habits than white non-Hispanic women. From these data it is unclear how diet affects pregnancy outcomes in Mexican Americans.

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Kosoy, R., L. Qi, R. Nassir, L. Garcia, M. Allison, R. Shigeta, J. Robbins, and M. F. Seldin. "Relationship between hypertension and admixture in post-menopausal African American and Hispanic American women." Journal of Human Hypertension 26, no. 6 (May 26, 2011): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2011.52.

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Nassir, Rami, Lihong Qi, Roman Kosoy, Lorena Garcia, John Robbins, and Michael F. Seldin. "Relationship Between Gallbladder Surgery and Ethnic Admixture in African American and Hispanic American Women." American Journal of Gastroenterology 107, no. 6 (June 2012): 932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.46.

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Qi, L., R. Nassir, R. Kosoy, L. Garcia, J. D. Curb, L. Tinker, B. V. Howard, J. Robbins, and M. F. Seldin. "Relationship between diabetes risk and admixture in postmenopausal African-American and Hispanic-American women." Diabetologia 55, no. 5 (February 10, 2012): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2486-4.

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Assari, Shervin, and Mohsen Bazargan. "Educational Attainment Better Increases the Chance of Breast Physical Exam for Non-Hispanic Than Hispanic American Women: National Health Interview Survey." Hospital Practices and Research 4, no. 4 (November 9, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2019.25.

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Background: The Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory suggests that the health effect of educational attainment is considerably smaller for members of racial and ethnic minority groups than for Whites. Objective: The current study explored the racial and ethnic differences in the association between educational attainment and breast physical exam (BPE) among women in the U.S. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2015) included 12 510 women who were Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black or White people. The independent variable was the level of educational attainment. The dependent variable was lifetime BPE. Age, region, marital status, and employment were the covariates. Race and ethnicity were the focal moderators. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: Overall, higher educational attainment was associated with higher odds of BPE, net of all confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.09-1.13). Ethnicity showed a significant statistical interaction with educational attainment on BPE (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-1.00), which was suggestive of a smaller effect of high education attainment on BPE for Hispanic than non-Hispanic women. The same interaction could not be found for the comparison of White and Black women (OR = 0.98, 95% CI =0.94-1.02). Conclusion: In line with other domains, non-Hispanic White women show a larger amount of health gain from their educational attainment than Hispanic women. It is not ethnicity or class but ethnicity and class that shapes how people engage in pro-health behaviors. This result may help hospitals and healthcare systems to better reduce health disparities in their target populations.

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Goranova, Maria, and Kira Kristal Reed. "Double Bind: African-American, Asian, and Hispanic Women on Corporate Boards." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 15654. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.15654abstract.

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Prindeville, Diane-Michele. "Identity and the Politics of American Indian and Hispanic Women Leaders." Gender & Society 17, no. 4 (August 2003): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243203254076.

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Mulvaney, Frank D., Lawrence S. Brown, Arthur I. Alterman, Robert E. Sage, Avital Cnaan, John Cacciola, and Megan Rutherford. "Methadone-maintenance outcomes for Hispanic and African–American men and women." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 54, no. 1 (March 1999): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00136-7.

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Jenrette, Jerra, Sherrie McIntosh, and Suzanne Winterberger. "“Carlotta!”: Changing Images of Hispanic-American Women in Daytime Soap Operas." Journal of Popular Culture 33, no. 2 (September 1999): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1999.3302_37.x.

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Libbus, M. Kay. "Breastfeeding Attitudes in a Sample of Spanish-Speaking Hispanic American Women." Journal of Human Lactation 16, no. 3 (August 2000): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033440001600306.

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Ganesan, Kalpana, Senait Teklehaimanot, Abbasi J. Akhtar, Jayantha Wijegunaratne, Khyathi Thadepalli, and Nandakumar Ganesan. "Racial Differences in Preventive Practices of African-American and Hispanic Women." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 51, no. 4 (April 2003): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51160.x.

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SMITH, BRADFORD M. "THE MEASUREMENT OF NARCISSISM IN ASIAN, CAUCASIAN, AND HISPANIC AMERICAN WOMEN." Psychological Reports 67, no. 7 (1990): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.67.7.779-785.

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Hines, A. M., and K. L. Graves. "AIDS Protection and Contraception among African American, Hispanic, and White Women." Health & Social Work 23, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/23.3.186.

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Rodby, Katherine A., Kirstie K. Danielson, Elizabeth Shay, Emilie Robinson, Martin Benjamin, and Anuja K. Antony. "Trends in Breast Reconstruction by Ethnicity: An Institutional Review Centered on the Treatment of an Urban Population." American Surgeon 82, no. 6 (June 2016): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608200609.

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Previous studies have investigated reconstructive decisions after mastectomy and such studies document a preference among African American women for autologous tissue-based procedures and among Latin American women for implant-based reconstructions, however, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the current relationship between ethnicity and reconstructive preferences. This institutional review provides a unique, up-to-date evaluation of an understudied urban population composed of majority ethnic minority patients and explores reconstructive trends. Consecutive breast reconstruction patients were entered into a prospectively maintained database at the University of Illinois at Chicago and affiliate hospitals between July 2010 and October 2013. Demographics and oncologic characteristics including tumor stage, pathology, BRCA status, and adjuvant treatment were reviewed, and reconstructive trends were assessed by racial group with a focus on reconstructive procedure, mastectomy volume, and implant characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (version 9.2). One-hundred and sixty breast reconstructions were performed in 105 women; of which 50 per cent were African American, 26 per cent Hispanic, 22 per cent Caucasian, and 2 per cent Asian. Age, tumor stage, prevalence of triple negative disease, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment was comparable between groups. Rates of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were slightly higher in African American and Hispanic cohorts, with more African American patients having one or more of these comorbidities as compared with the Caucasian and Hispanic cohorts ( P = 0.047). Despite comparable positive BRCA testing rates, significant differences were seen in the percentage of bilateral mastectomy; 68 per cent African American, 48 per cent Caucasian, and 30 per cent Hispanic ( P = 0.004). Hispanics predominantly underwent flap-based reconstruction (56%), while African American (74%) and Caucasian (60%) patients had a preference toward tissue expander reconstruction ( P = 0.04 across all groups). African American and Hispanic presented with increased mastectomy weights and thus required higher implant volumes as compared with Caucasians that approached significance ( P = 0.06 and P = 0.06). Implant size utilization followed a unimodal distribution for Caucasians, peaking at 500 cc; while African American and Hispanic demonstrated a bimodal distribution, peaking once at 550 cc and again at the max implant volume of 800 cc. This study of a large proportion of minority patients in an urban geographic setting offers an evolving understanding of breast reconstruction patterns. The data demonstrated unique findings of increased rates of bilateral implant-based reconstruction in African American women and unilateral flap-based reconstructions in Hispanic patients. Reconstructive decision-making seems to be greatly influenced by cultural and geographically driven preferences.

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Assari, Shervin, and Shanika Boyce. "Social Determinants of Cigarette Smoking among American Women during Pregnancy." Women 1, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/women1030012.

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Educational attainment is among the most substantial protective factors against cigarette smoking, including during pregnancy. Although Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) of educational attainment, defined as weaker protective effect of education for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, has been demonstrated in previous studies; such MDRs are not tested for cigarette smoking during pregnancy. To better understand the relevance of MDRs to tobacco use during pregnancy, this study had three aims: firstly, to investigate the association between educational attainment and cigarette smoking in pregnant women; secondly, to compare racial and ethnic groups for the association between educational attainment and cigarette smoking; and thirdly, to explore the mediating effect of poverty status on such MDRs, among American adults during pregnancy. This cross-sectional study explored a nationally representative sample of pregnant American women (n = 338), which was taken from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013). Current smoking was the outcome. Educational attainment was the independent variable. Region and age were the covariates. Poverty status was the mediator. Race and ethnicity were the effect modifiers. Overall, a higher level of educational attainment (OR = 0.54, p < 0.05) was associated with lower odds of current smoking among pregnant women. Race (OR = 2.04, p < 0.05) and ethnicity (OR = 2.12, p < 0.05) both showed significant interactions with educational attainment on smoking, suggesting that the protective effect of educational attainment against smoking during pregnancy is smaller for Blacks and Hispanics than Non-Hispanic Whites. Poverty status fully mediated the above interactions. In the United States, highly educated pregnant Black and Hispanic women remain at higher risk of smoking cigarettes, possibly because they are more likely to live in poverty, compared to their White counterparts. The results suggest the role that labor market discrimination has in explaining lower returns of educational attainment in terms of less cigarette smoking by racial and ethnic minority pregnant women.

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Wilson, Robin Taylor, Meg Adams-Cameron, Linda Burhansstipanov, Marilyn A. Roubidoux, Nathaniel Cobb, Charles F. Lynch, and Brenda K. Edwards. "Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment among American Indian, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Women Enrolled in Medicare." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 18, no. 3 (2007): 648–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2007.0071.

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Culver, Jenifer L., Patricia L. Arena, Sarah R. Wimberly, Michael H. Antoni, and Charles S. Carver. "Coping among african-american, hispanic, and non-hispanic white women recently treated for early stage breast cancer." Psychology & Health 19, no. 2 (April 2004): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870440310001652669.

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Wyche, Karen Fraser, and Sherryl Browne Graves. "Minority Women in Academia." Psychology of Women Quarterly 16, no. 4 (December 1992): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1992.tb00266.x.

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The experiences that women, especially minority-status women (African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American), have in educational advancement in psychology is limited. This limited power was examined in two ways: (a) by reviewing the inclusion of minority women within academic psychology at undergraduate, graduate, job entry, and senior level positions within the profession and (b) by reviewing economic and social-psychological processes that unjustly serve as barriers to women.

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Jackson, Andrew S., Kenneth J. Ellis, Brian K. McFarlin, Mary H. Sailors, and Molly S. Bray. "Cross-validation of generalised body composition equations with diverse young men and women: the Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 6 (August 15, 2008): 871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508047764.

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Generalised skinfold equations developed in the 1970s are commonly used to estimate laboratory-measured percentage fat (BF%). The equations were developed on predominately white individuals using Siri's two-component percentage fat equation (BF%-GEN). We cross-validated the Jackson–Pollock (JP) generalised equations with samples of young white, Hispanic and African–American men and women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the BF% referent criterion (BF%-DXA). The cross-sectional sample included 1129 women and men (aged 17–35 years). The correlations between BF%-GEN and BF%-DXA were 0·85 for women and 0·93 for men. Analysis of measurement error showed that BF%-GEN underestimated BF%-DXA of men and women by 1·3 and 3·0 %. General linear models (GLM) confirmed that BF%-GEN systematically underestimated BF%-DXA of Hispanic men and women, and overestimated BF%-DXA of African–American men. GLM were used to estimate BF%-DXA from the JP sum of skinfolds and to account for race/ethnic group bias. The fit statistics (R and standard error of the estimate; see) of the men's calibration model were: white, R 0·92, see 3·0 %; Hispanic, R 0·91, see 3·0 %; African–American, R 0·95, see 2·6 %. The women's statistics were: white and African–American, R 0·86, see 3·8 %; Hispanic, R 0·83, see 3·4 %. These results showed that BF%-GEN and BF%-DXA were highly correlated, but the error analyses documented that the generalised equations lacked accuracy when applied to these racially and ethnically diverse men and women. The inaccuracy was linked to the body composition and race/ethnic differences between these Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) study subjects and the men and women used to develop the generalised equations in the 1970s and using BF%-DXA as the referent criterion.

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Sadler, Georgia Robins, Jenny Gonzalez, Manpreet Mumman, Lisa Cullen, Sheila F. LaHousse, Vanessa Malcarne, Viridiana Conde, and Natasha Riley. "Adapting a Program to Inform African American and Hispanic American Women About Cancer Clinical Trials." Journal of Cancer Education 25, no. 2 (February 10, 2010): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13187-009-0032-y.

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46

Whitmore, Gabrielle, Amin Ramzan, Jeanelle Sheeder, and Saketh R. Guntupalli. "African American women with advanced-stage ovarian cancer have worse outcomes regardless of treatment type." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 30, no. 7 (February 26, 2020): 1018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-000555.

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ObjectiveThere has been an increase in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in recent years. Our objective was to determine if African American women are more likely to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy than primary debulking surgery, when compared to their Caucasian counterparts, and the impact of such an approach on oncologic outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Women aged 18–90 years, diagnosed with stage IIIC or IV epithelial ovarian cancer between January 2010 through December 2014 were included. Women with unknown treatment or treatments outside of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary debulking surgery were excluded. Only women of Caucasian, African American, or Hispanic origin who received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary debulking surgery were included; all other races were excluded. Descriptive statistics were computed, and continuous variables were assessed for normality. Groups were compared using ANOVA or non-parametric medians tests for continuous variables, and chi-squared tests were used for dichotomous or categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of treatment. A p value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 19 838 women with stage IIIC and IV epithelial ovarian cancer met the inclusion criteria. A total of 14 988 (75.6%) were treated with primary debulking surgery, while 4850 women (24.4%) were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of those treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 24.5% were white, 27.0% were African American, and 22.1% were Hispanic (p=0.005), and when adjusted for confounders, being African American was a predictor of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.51). Ninety-day mortality rates were higher in African American women compared with Caucasian and Hispanic women (2.9% vs 2.0% vs 1.6%, p=0.013). There were no differences in 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, or status at last contact in African American women, when comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and primary debulking surgery. In Caucasian women, outcomes were worse in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsCompared to other races, African American women with advanced ovarian cancer are more likely to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy than primary debulking surgery and had a higher 90-day mortality rate. In African American women there was no difference in outcomes based on treatment type.

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Kalinsky, Kevin, Emerson A. Lim, Eleni Andreopoulou, Avni Mukund Desai, Antai Wang, Matthew A. Maurer, Katherine D. Crew, et al. "Ethnic differences in tumor proliferation in women with early-stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.560.

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560 Background: Hispanic women have a higher mortality rate and lower incidence of breast cancer (BC) compared to Caucasian women. Studies report higher tumor proliferation in African American (AA) women compared to Caucasian women. The 21-gene assay (OncotypeDX) Recurrence Score (Score) is based on the expression of 16 cancer related genes, including 5 proliferation genes that are grouped to provide the proliferation axis score (PAS). We evaluated the differences in the Score and PAS between Hispanic and Caucasian women with early-stage BC in a matched cohort analysis. Methods: Women with early-stage BC who had a Score obtained from 2005- 2011 were identified. Hispanic women were matched to Caucasians in a 1:2 ratio, based on age (+/- 10 years), stage, and nodal status. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and grade were collected. The Score result, 10-year distant recurrence, ER/PR/HER2 expression, and PAS were obtained from the OncotypeDX assay. Assuming equal variances, we expected > 90% power to detect a difference in the mean PAS between Hispanic and Caucasian women Results: We identified 219 women who had OncotypeDX testing (74 Hispanic: 145 Caucasian). Of the 74 Hispanic women, 84% were from the Dominican Republic or Puerto Rico. Mean age was similar between groups (56.3 and 56.8). All but 8 patients were node(-). Mean PAS was higher in Hispanic (5.53, range: 3.9-7.8) vs Caucasian women (5.26, 3.7-7.3) (p=0.03, 95% CI: 0.03-0.51). The mean Score was 18.3 (0-54) and 16.3 (1-50) for Hispanic vs Caucasian women. There was no statistical difference in Score (p= 0.17) or 10-year distant recurrence (p=0.13) between groups. No differences were observed in median ER (9.8% vs 9.9%: Hispanic vs Caucasian), PR (7.3% vs 7.6%), or HER2 (9.1% vs 9.0%) by RT-PCR. Rates of LVI and grade 3 tumors were also not statistically different. Conclusions: Similar to higher PAS in AA women, Hispanic women with ER/PR(+), HER2(-) early-stage BC have higher tumor proliferation markers, measured by RT-PCR in the Oncotype DX assay, than Caucasian women. This may contribute to ethnic differences in BC mortality. We plan to evaluate ethnic differences in the 5 single PAS genes (CCNB1, MKI17, MYBL2, BIRC5, AURKA) to determine which are driving proliferation differences.

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Hammer, Caron Scheffner. "Strategies for Recruiting African American and Hispanic Women as Participants in Research." Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders 27, Fall (October 2000): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_27_f_127.

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Dettenborn, Lucia, Katherine Duhamel, Gary Butts, Hayley Thompson, and Lina Jandorf. "Cancer Fatalism and Its Demographic Correlates Among African American and Hispanic Women." Journal of Psychosocial Oncology 22, no. 4 (November 18, 2005): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j077v22n04_03.

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Zayas, Luis H., Maddy Cunningham, M. Diane McKee, and Katherine R. B. Jankowski. "Depression and negative life events among pregnant african-american and hispanic women." Women's Health Issues 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(01)00138-4.

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