Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire (1914-1945)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Histoire (1914-1945).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gunther, Thomas Michael. "La Photographie et ses rapports avec la publicité et le cinéma dans l'entre-deux-guerres : vers une définition de la modernité." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010510.
Full textROBIN, MAIRE AIZERTIN REGINE. "Le roman memoriel. De l'histoire a l'ecriture du "hors-lieu" (these sur travaux)." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0318.
Full textThis report addresses a fundamental problem of history: that of its writing concerning the management of the past wether this management be an official, or wether it be schollarly writing, minority group'self affirmation or generational affirmation. The report designates also another type of memory, more complex, one which displaces signs and values: poetic, cultural or fictional memory. The point of departure is social history and discourse analysis. But history transformed itsel as can be seen through the work of the late m. De certeau and the work of p. Nora. My itinerary leads first to a quest of identity: reappropriation of yiddish culture by the history of yiddish literature, by translations, by deconstructions of the aesthetic of socialist realism and by an interrogation of the normativ aspect of literature this quest for identity is nevertheless dislocated by the work of fiction, by imagination and by my work on kafka. The work as a whole is displaced toward the imaginary of languages, toward postmodernism and towards a new interrogation about history as fiction
Cherel, Marie-Laure. "Les idéologies du premier fascisme et la production culturelle des années vingt en Italie, 1919-1926." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030021.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the interactions between the early fascist period, the building of an ideology, and the cultural production in Italy in the 1920's. It is based on a large corpus of texts - some of which have never been published -, including contemporary political writings, fascists work, almanacs, poetry, trivial literature, exhibition catalogs, theatrical chronicles, surveys with intellectuals, and newspaper cultural pages. It offers an analysis that helps draw the outlines of the dominant visions of society, as well as its shows the contribution of a minor cultural production to the fascist ideology. The description of these ties brings to the fore a cultural and ideological system based on a specific vocabulary, on linguistic borrowings, and on resort to myth. The contribution of a part of this production to the + official ; cultural background, however, proves the difficulty, for a movement that has become a political party, to conciliate politics and ideology, and to claim a specific culture. The fascist intellectuals attempted to solve the problem as soon as in 1925, by institutionalizing culture. The elaboration of this instutionalization, based on a fragile balance between culture, politics, and ideology, reveals the heterodoxical and polyhedral nature of fascism, as well as the impossibility, for the regime, to control cultur, except for its minor and most mediatized forms
Vadelorge, Loïc. "Pour une histoire culturelle du local : Rouen, 1919-1940." Paris 4, 1996. http://books.openedition.org/pur/10987.
Full textIf french cultural history is today well known, the local culture development is still a matter of investigation. The case of Rouen, one of the most important provincial cities during the french twentieth century, suggest that local cultural practices have been in existence for a long time. The local culture during the third republic took one's stand on a complete system of cultural institutions (museums, libraries, theaters) and used all the resources of associations (scientist or musical societies). The birth of cultural policies, who compete with traditionnal forms of cultural organisations (clerical, elites) reinfor ce the local culture. It appears then able to resist to the economics mutations (inflation during the twenties, great crisis in 1929) or cultural mutations (the age of the masses). The patrimonial sense is here decisive as it result s of two impulsions, local and national. The overture of cultural sense, during the french popular front, will not be able to change the politics and the practices ; this is the sign of the extraordinary permanence of the local cultural system in the early twentieth century france
Golnazarian-Nichanian, Magdalena. "Les Arméniens d'Azerbai͏̈djan : histoire locale et enjeux régionaux, 1828-1918." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030010.
Full textThe first part of this study presents the history of the Armenian community within the Iranian society. The emphasis will be put on its presence in Iran, its structure, tendancies, and demographic upheavals throughout wars. In a second part the condition of the Armenians of Azerbaijan during World War I will be studied in detail as a local history in its regional context. In the very begining of the hostilities, Persia declared its neutrality, but Azerbaijan became a battle field between the two neighboring powers-Russia and Turkey. The different people of this human medley were driven to fight for religious reasons. The Armenian community then suffered human and material losses, and two mass departures followed-one toward Caucasia in 1915 and the other one toward South to Hamadan and Bakuba in 1918 which changed its existence drastically. .
Bouloc, François. "Les profiteurs de la Grande Guerre en France : histoire culturelle et socio-économique." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20111.
Full textBetween 1914 and 1918, in order to face with the huge requirements of a 52 months-long total war, a mixed system is improvised to manage supplies of raw materials, transport or even workers. The state put in orders to industrialists or go-betweens. As a result, working for the national defence is basically an opportunity of profits for many industrialists in different sectors. Both felt imagined, war profits quickly become unacceptable. After only a few months of conflict, vehement indignation in opposition of them can be found among large parts of the public opinion, even moderate. Denouncement is of course widespread among soldiers. A specific taxation can be seen as an answer to the imperious requests of the public opinion: it is implemented in july 1916, and it provides the unreleased archives for studying the topic considered here. Trying to recognize the part played both by fantasies and concrete realities lead to an objectified typology of the persons or firms actually enriched, more or less, because of the war
Larbiou, Benoit. "Connaître et traiter l'étranger : Les contructions sociales d'un savoir politique sur l'immigration 1914-1945." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10038.
Full textAbachi, Mouhanad al. "Le sens de la mort dans le roman français de l'entre-deux guerres : 1918-1939." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100152.
Full textLemée, Rémy. "Les paquebots des lignes du Sud-Est asiatique : 1870-1940 : histoire et décoration." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20063.
Full textIf the vessels divested little of the ostentatious art in the seventeenth century in favour of interior ornementation, that was in the context of a history organized following a new artistic and technic spirit. This history of the ornementation came from on board american steam-boats sailing on the Hudson ans Mississipi rivers during the XIXe century. American diplomats in France and economic exchanges imported this ornementation on board ships making connections between French rivers harbours. Some ship-owners of these fluvial companies became ship-owners of maritime companies. The competition helping, ornementation was transferred on their own liners. But this evolution of the ornementation was very slow, inteferred by politic circumstances, crisis but also by the Great War which put a stop thrust to the artistic researches. It is this history made with illustrated test, by failures but also by success, richness and hope, that we intend to narrate
Marinescu, Constantin-Ion. "La pensée militaire roumaine entre les deux guerres." Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE4051.
Full textLoez, André. ""Si cette putain de guerre pouvait finir" : histoire et sociologie des mutins de 1917." Montpellier 3, 2009. https://www-numeriquepremium-com.ezpaarse.univ-paris1.fr/content/books/9782070355235.
Full textThis dissertation studies the mutinies of 1917 as a social movement within the French army. It endeavors to reconstuct the social and symbolic framework of obedience which ensures combatants' participation and obedience in the war before 1917, then discusses the contexts of spring 1917, when multiple news and events (military advance then failure, stikes, Russian revolution, pacifist conference in Stockholm) open up the possibility for a collective action against the war. The intensity with which war is refused is reevaluated, through a description of disobedient soldiers' practices ( desertion, demonstration, unrest, refusal to march to the front lines), and a study of the mutineers' attempts to reach Paris in order to discuss or enforce peace talks. These actions are led by soldiers whose social characteristics (youth and level of qualification) differ from that of most combatants. They employ protest techniques and practices available in civilian life, improvising disobedience while officers and the military institution attempt to suppress and repress their movement. Finally, a study of the vocabulary and languages of protest deployed by mutineers permits to understand the originalities of their action within the political cultures of contemporary France
Bourdelais, Patrice. "La population française du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours : histoire du vieillissement." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010537.
Full textThis thesis reconsiders the aging of the population as a category and a notion for analysis, and as a demographic reality. The main point is to understand the reasons why the concept of population aging succeeded just at the moment when it lost its scientific relevance, and to examine the effects of this distorsion today. The epistemological part deals with all the changes which have occurred since the 17th century. Thinking the demographic aging notion dates back to the end of the 19th century, while having been clearly formulated in 1928 only. Then, the aging of the population followed the "denatalite", as the main argument of the natalist propaganda. The classical quantitative analysis results in three conclusions : the earliness of the phenomenon in france, the slowness and the regularity of its development, and the expression of doubts about the relevance of the usual indicator. In fact, the statistical category still begins at sixty, as if the reality of the old age would not have changed over the two centuries. So, we proposed a new indicator, built up from a study of mortality over sixty in a long term perspective, which allows to estimate the real starting point of the age depending on the health historical evolution. The new indicator suggests new conclusions : from the beginning of the 19th century, the aging of the french population seems to be no longer obvious. The last part of the study is devoted to a new analysis of economic and social consequences of demographic aging, and the bad effects of the notion are shown (what touchs presentation of population perspectives for instance). It emphasizes how the recent, and contradictory representation of the old age is a result of the demographic aging notion, linked to unchanging age categories, just at the time when the reality of the age of the old age is changing
Laparra, Jean-Claude. "Matériels de circonstances et fabrications de guerre dans l'armée allemande, 1914-1918." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010554.
Full textThe author intends to prove that the situation of the military materials shows what was insufficient in the german army during the first world war and how economically exhausted germany was. Actually, throughout this fight , german soldiers were not equipped only with materials which were modern, german, well designed, suitably made as in peace time, sufficently delivered, etc. Many others, which the german army was provided with, had a conceiving, a realization and a distribution which were issued owing to the producing conditions of this period and circumstances. This situation - combined with failures, for instance in the preparation of the mobilization - shows the imperfection of the german 'war machine'; only by itself, it does not explain the defeat of the german army but it certainly makes up one of the reasons
Massin, Benoît. "Le savant, la race et la politique : la conversion de la "science de l'Homme" allemande à la "science de la race" (1890-1914) : histoire politique d'une discipline scientifique et contribution à l'étude des origines du racisme nazi." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0059.
Full textContrarily to the usual picture about Germany, the german "science of Man" in the 19th century was defending humanistic values and even more so than some of its western counterparts. However, the "science of race" which preceded the nazi take-over promoted values totally opposed to this humanistic tradition. A dramatic change in german academic science took place between 1890 and 1914. It is also in this period that the main ingredients of what was to become the nazi race ideology were shaped and synthesized. Academic science and the medical profession played a major role in the construction of this new "scientific racism". The main part of the Ph. D. Analyses the factors, both political and scientific, which lead to this change. Through the political history of a scientific discipline a new picture is suggested on Germany's political history and on the "scientific origins" of national-socialist racial ideology
Pau-Heyriès, Béatrix. "Le transfert des corps des militaires de la Grande Guerre : étude comparée France-Italie 1914-1939." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30058.
Full textAt the beginning of the war, transporting bodies was forbidden in France and Italy on the battle-fields. Death was a matter of State. As the latter, french and italian States refused nameless bodies, they decided to pay attention to military losses. In spite of all these efforts, nothing was done at the end of the war. Both latin States had to look for their dead soldiers on the battle-fields : burials, placing in the coffin, body-transportation, and re-burials in the war cemetaries. On order to deal with numerous expectations from the families and to ensure equality of all to the death, the bodies were sent back home at the expense of the State
Saliba, Fabrice. "Les politiques de recrutement militaire britannique et française (1920-1939)." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30029.
Full textMilitary recruiting policies determines the manpower owed to the army. Studying British and French army recruitment is not only a military history work. British and French traditions in this subject are very different. In United Kingdom, the army is constituted by voluntaries, professionals. In France, military manpower is mainly recruited by compulsory service. Otherwise, problems about military recruitment are closely linked with the State structures; thus it's possible to study on institutional, social and political indeed even diplomatic issues. Decisions about personnel, not only reflect the dominant tendency of the military policy of a State, but come within the more general scope linked with international relationships. Then, regulations determine partly the role given by the executive power to the army. The subject raises a lot of questions: Why France considered conscription as an essential point of her defence between the wars, while Britain thought that compulsory military service was impossible to implement in peacetime? Moreover, is military recruitment a consequence of the military policy, or is the manpower system influencing the military doctrine?
Mucchielli, Laurent. "De la nature à la culture : les fondateurs français des sciences humaines (1870-1940)." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0317.
Full textThe birth of the human sciences in the french university is characterized by the concurrence between two contradictory paradigms : the first one ("naturalistic") take root in the postulate that human behavior can be explain principally by biological factors ; the second one ("culturalistic") take root in the postulate that human behavior can be explain principally by psycho-sociological factors. The thesis allow three parts. The first one is a study of anthropology and psychology intellectual and institutionnal situations in the last third of the nineteenth century. It prospect the position of the predominating groups who had appropriate the naturalistic paradigm in those two discipines. The second part try to understand the reasons why a new need of a strictly and irreductible social understanding of human behavior appeared. It look into the main tentatives of founding a new science (sociology) in the 1885-1900's years : the work of gabriel tarde, rene worms and emile durkheim. Then it study very carrefully the constitution of the durkheimians group because it is the principal reason of durkheim'success in the sociological field and, beyond, in all the intellectual field. The third part analyse the epistemological dialogues that the durkheimians had kept up with racial anthropology, psychology, criminology, linguistic, history, geography and ethnology. At last, the autor try to draw up a balance sheet of an intellectual evolution that allow also institutionnal consequences in the case of three disciplines : anthropology, psychology and history
Capdevila, Luc. "L'imaginaire social de la Libération en Bretagne (été 1944 - hiver 1945/1946) : Contribution à une histoire des représentations mentales." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20027.
Full textVezyroglou, Dimitri. "Essence d'une nation : cinéma, société et idée nationale en France à la fin des années vingt." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010651.
Full textRiginos, Michalis L. "Salaires et pouvoir d'achat en Grèce : 1909-1936." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010554.
Full textThrough this study i've attempted to reveal the factors that determine the mechanisms of the formation of industrial wages in Grece during the period 1900-1936. This study is divided into three parts : the first part takes into consideration : 1) The description of the documentation that has been used, 2) The problems that have been encountered and 3) The methode that has been chosen in order to evaluate the indices that helped us to follow the movements of wages and prices. The second part refers to the principals factors that determine the level of the worker's salary in the industry in the long term. The above factors are linked with the transformations that have occured in the structures of the productive sphere and in the demographique and social structure of the Greek society. The third part examines the fluctuations of worker wages in the industry and by extension the movements of workers incomes on the whole sector of transformation. The study's approach is concerned with the evolution of rate and structure of the nominal wages as much as with the variations that have been occured during the examined period, the purchasing power and more generally the standard of living of the workers in the secondary sector
Ridel, Charles. "Les embusqués en France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) : figures et pratiques d'un refus de guerre." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0059.
Full textDuring the First World War in France, a persistent rumour was entertained by civilians, politicians and those who fought in the trenches : excessive numbers of shirkers were refusing to pay their fair share of the blood tribute. This thesis will attempt to situate this rumour within the framework of the culture of war in 1914-1918 and to evaluate the impact of the shirker as a participant in the war on the minds of other members of the conflict, in particular the combattants. In the face of rising discontent and controversy, and compelled by a shortage of troops, the government organised a "shirker hunt" whose motivation, means and results must be assessed. A micro-historical approach enables us to isolate and understand the strategies of some of the shirkers of the Great War. However, it is necessary to put these strategies into perspective in so far as they are set in the context of a moderne war which demanded increasing numbers of men behind the lines
Berthier-McLaughlin, Cécile. "Bourlingueuses : le voyage au féminin entre les deux guerres (1919-1939)." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100118.
Full textTo be a woman traveller between the wars was not the expected. One had to be prepared to fight for a place in the male dominated world of adventure. Even so from 1919 to 1939 many were tempted by the lure of travel: Ella Maillart, a certified sportswoman; Odette du Puigaudeau, butterfly artist for Jeanne Lanvin; Titaÿna, muse to both Man Ray and Cocteau ; Andrée Viollis, reporter for the Petit Parisien, and not least the now celebrated/well known Alexandra David-Néel, debutante singer at the Hanoi opera house. Others such as Lucie Delarue-Mardrus or Marcelle Vioux became « borrowed » travel-writers, exchanging for a time their novels and poems for travel diaries and a Leica, and thus, spurred by the Faquelle publishing house, enriching the panorama of feminine travel. Special correspondents, scientific travellers, reporters: many names have been used to define and attempt to categorise such different lifestyles. Maybe a contemporary word is missing to describe a type of woman, who is at the same time a sportswoman and a tomboy, both semi-professional and semi-sensational, and who can be either a literary figure or a writing novice. However this dispersal might also make these travellers into the first symptom of a figure to come and which by an irony of history will be fixed in Cendrars’ masculine term of “bourlingueur”. The exotic patchwork which Cendrars weaves whilst travelling from one destination to the next in a never ending quest of the self and life sees itself reflected in the life of these adventuresses, who in turn present a “rhapsody” of attitudes. The denomination of “bourlingueuse”, though anachronistic, is the only one which is able to define this colourful category which an era was unable to figure out and which, lacking a word to name it, has been, with the exception of very few such as Ella Maillart and Alexandra David-Néel, forgotten by posterity
André, Patrick. "Les parlementaires bonapartistes de la Troisième République (1871-1940)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040135.
Full textThose who remained faithful to the second Empire after the installation of the third Republic refused to accept their defeat. To promote their cause, they look up the theme of a revision of the republics institutions by means of the plebiscite. Moreover, the 264 deputies and senators who were elected between 1871 and 1940 (and who supported the idea of the "appel au peuple") identified themselves with the conservative and monarchist opposition. This unnatural alliance confused their electors and led, in the long term, to their collapse. This tactical error was, in itself, a reflection of their social background, which was that of an elite group, these "grands notables" who, at the same time constituted the cadres of bonapartism, sacrificed their political convictions on the altar of personal interest. Ultimately they were left with same a sort of fidelity to the dynasty. The compilation of a biographical dictionary enables on to pin point exactly how the careers of these plebiscitary parliamentarians evolved
Cloarec, Vincent. "La question syrienne dans la politique orientale de la france : Du lendemain d'Agadir à la veille de Versailles (1912-1918)." Paris, INALCO, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INAL0020.
Full textYao, Bi Gnagoran. "L'Église catholique en Côte d'Ivoire : influences du catholicisme sur la société ivoirienne pendant la période précédant l'indépendance, 1930-1960." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010593.
Full textStarted in 1895, the action of African missions knew a real develop ment only from 1911 especially with the division of Ivoiry Coast into two ecclesiatic districts : the apostolique vicar office of the lower Ivory Coast and the apostolic department of Korhogo. The pastoral reform considered by the missionaries in 1930, leads to opening of the third district in sassandra in 1940. The second war world speeds up the process of expansion. In fact, the envolvement of missionaries in war not only reenforced their relationship with administration, but also enlarge their spheres of actions: in may 17,1951, a new district is set up bouake and in may 14 ; 1952, the apostolic district of Korhogo is transfered to Katiola. The erction of episcopal hierarchie in black Africa in september 14 ; 1955 and the consecration of the first Ivorian bishop in may 8 ; 1960 acheived this evolution. Since then ivory coast became a real church with its five dioceses: the maindiocese of abidjan with its four subdioceses namely diocese of Bouake, Katiola, Daloa (old district of Sassandra) and Gagnoa. The church thus constitued will try to transform the Ivorian society in its image but without real success
Benezech, Anne-Marie. "L'Art des Kouyou-Mbochi de la République populaire du Congo : tradition artistique et histoire : étude de cas en Afrique équatoriale." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010591.
Full textAvinen, Laurence. "La critique littéraire en France durant l'entre-deux-guerres : supports, méthodes, modalités d'exercice et conditions d'existence." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100080.
Full textThe rapid development of the press during the inter-war period in France opened new perspectives to literary criticism while constraining it to adopt journalistic writing methods as well as modifying its approach toward contemporary works one criticism of the "literary columnists" verged on the more personal collaboration of the writers whose point of view was often partisan relative to their literary, political or religious choices. Meanwhile, the "professional" critiques used equally traditional criticism techniques inherited from the previous century and modern journalistic techniques but their ambitions continued to be limited by a system of production and distribution that relied on commercial practice. Thus criticism was characterized less by the new methods as by the strong position it occupied as an active and often braced mediating instance between production and the readers
Quincy-Lefebvre, Pascale. "De l'enfance insoumise a l'enfance difficile : regards et pratiques correctives des parents : entre familles et institutions dans les milieux populaires des villes (1880-fin des annees trente)." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070099.
Full textThe judgement on deviancy, when indicting a child's behvior, may be established by different kinds of institutions. Aside from the representations of the judges, the doctors, the philantropists, the school teachers. . . , there are those of the families through the portraits of "refractory" or more widely "difficult"children. On the subject of "families", "institutions and difficult child", two main directions were favored. First, this study took an interest in the representations of the "difficult child" through the discourse given by the "entrepreneurs of moral standards" and by the families. Those approaches reveal the weight of some interactions. The definitions given by the parents show the importance of permanencies. Nevertheless, some evolution may be noticed, going progressively in the direction of the broadening of the deviancy figures retained by the parents. Stigmatization of the bad pupil's behavior is one the forms taken by this broadening. Secondly, the research focused on the family's reactions to the presence of the problematic child. The private means of correction and the strategies of opening on to other institutions were studied. The period chosen shows the external authorities being less willing to justify the families' represessive quest. The logic of assistance is the one prevailing, being sought by some parents
Vivier, Thierry. "La politique aéronautique militaire de la France (janvier 1933 - septembre 1939)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010571.
Full textOur thesis deals with "French air power policy from 1933 to 1939". Trough this study, we tried to find the reason why French air force has been defeated during this tragical summer in 1940. Thus, we strove to inderstand the meaning of the main decisions which were made by French air ministers from january 1933 to the beginning of the second world war. From 1933 to jannary 1936, some mistakes were made. Several ministers (like general denain) dwelt on the difficulties of french air manufactor es and tried to improve their output without and result. Pierre Cot, air minister during the "popular front" and Guy La Chambre, who came after, succeded in restoring the situation partially. From 1936, french air power policy had a kind of rebirth. However, French air force, at the eve of the war, was not truly ready to fight
Renoton-Beine, Nathalie. "Le Vatican et les initiatives de paix pendant la Première Guerre mondiale." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040063.
Full textThe First World War was the theatre of several peace initiatives in which Pope Benedict XV participed either as an actor or as an observer. In 1914, his first peace appeal faces strong criticism and the public opinion refuses to accept the Pope's neutrality and his attempts to stop a war which is by everybody considered as just. .
Venturas, Ekaterini Kylina. "L'histoire dans l'enseignement secondaire en Grèce entre les deux guerres : permanences et innovations." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010585.
Full textThe policy of educational authorities concerning history course and textbooks and the intellectuals' discourse on history and its teaching in greece between the two world wars are examined. The content of some secondary school history textbooks is analysed thematicaly and comparatively. Permanent and innovating elements of their discourse are underlined. The conditions of production of the textbooks discourse on social reality and its evolution are investigated
Dumont, Paul. "De l'empire ottoman a la turquie actuelle. Etudes d'histoire politique, sociale et culturelle." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR20063.
Full textThe evolution of turkish history at the end of the 19th and during the first half of the 2oth century presents for a historian a particularly fascinating subject. During this period, social transformations attain a spectacular extent. The purpose of the 40 studies assembled here is to throw a light on these transformations. This was done mostly by exploitation of ignored or little known archival material. Modelling on technique and objectives of three kindred historical branches political history, social history and history of ideas - these studies deal with various fields: mostly with the origins of the worker's movement and the beginning of socialism in turkish society - particularly in its rural strata; two other groups concern res- pectively the history of jewish community in turkey and that - some- times parallel - of ottoman freemasonry; a fifth file assembles articles on the part played by islam in today's turkey, finally the last set of studies concerns the various aspects of political and social history of the present-day turkish world
BENALLEGUE, CHAOUIA NORA. "Mouvement ouvrier, mouvement syndical en algerie (1919-1954) essai d'histoire sociale." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070026.
Full textThis essay aims to study the worker and trade - union movements in algeria, between 1919 (the end of the first world war) and 1954 (the starting of the national algerian insurrection), in its double composition, algerian and european people. The first world war knows a large migratory movement from algeria to france, as a result of the war (fightingmen as well as workers), and will last after the end of the hostilities. This will promote new shapes of resistance to colonialism, inside this migratory population. During the thirties and the forties, we see, in algeria itself, the beginning of a process of establishing the worker movement. This latter knows, in its trade - union voicing, the main turning ponts of the "metropolitan" trade - unions. Nevertheless, in their demanding actions, as well as in the political ones, the algerian workers start with new forms of struggle. Their progressively insert their fights in the anticolonialist one. But, they don't manage to build up truly autonomous trade - union, up to the last day before november 1954
Demiaux, Victor. "La construction rituelle de la victoire dans les capitales européennes après la Grande Guerre (Bruxelles, Bucarest, Londres, Paris, Rome)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0082.
Full textThis work traces the history of the ritual closing ofthe war in the European capital cities after 1918. The first chapter explores the history of the public rituals in Europe since the end of the nineteenth cent ury and during th Great War. The second and third chapters deal with the celebrations organized in connection with the armistice and the end of the war in November 1918. The next three chapters address the major victory celebrations which took place after the signing of the peace treaty. Chapter 4 is a presentation and a symbolic analysis of the morphology of the three major celebrations organized in Paris, London and Brussels in July 1919. Chapter 5 focus on the organizational process. Chapte 6 explores two cases (Rome and Bucharest) where the process ofending the war proved particularly complex. Chapter 7 deals with the problem of the reception of the rites ofvictory by focusing on the Parisian case. An epilogue considers the last series ofrituals set up by the victor societies, the burials of the Unknown Soldiers. This work challenges the idea that public commemoration after the Great War was designed to meet the needs of bereaved individuals and societies. It highlights, through the study of public ritual, the existence of an inter-Allied Cultur down to the early twenties
Fischer, Jean-Louis. "Histoire du déterminisme épigénétique du sexe chez les animaux et l'homme de 1800 à 1935." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010654.
Full textIn 1800, in manuscripts written during the campaign of Egypt, E. G. Saint-Hilaire considers that all embryos in the animal world contain both sexes in themselves. The embryo becomes male or female after influences of the environment (food, space in which it is growing). Yet, E. G. Saint-Hilaire can not resolve this problem in spite of his experimental and anatomical investigations. The problem of embryonic sexual ambivalence and the reasons of determination of sex is raised into the transcendental anatomy. In 1935, following the works of biochemists and chemists who purified and realized the first synthesis of sexual hormones, e. Worlff studies the effect of these homrones on the chicken embryo and gets intersexual embryos. He points out by the experimental method, the sexual ambivalence of embryo and showes the morphogenic role held by the sexual hormones during the primary and secondary differentiation of sex. He answeres, but in a different scientific context, to the problem set by the author of the "philosophie anatomique". Between these two dates, there is a study of ideas, works, hypotheses and theories in the institutional and social contexts
Idrissa, Kimba. "La formation de la colonie du Niger : des mythes à la politique du "mal nécessaire" (1880-1922)." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070043.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the myths and mechanims which placed the niger territory in a state of dependence. It establishes the following observation : the colonial past is highly responsible for the underdevelopment of niger, a territory long maintained in the stage of reserve colony. In the first section we describe, through a methodical study of the place of the niger space in european imperialist rivalries, the genesis of french expansion in niger. In the second section we examine the process of territory formation from the first map sharing to the present boundary configuration. In the third section we describe the despotic system of exploitation applied in niger, a system implemented through direct political coercition established as a principle of colonisation. In the fourth section we study the reforms undertaken between 1912 and 1914, aiming at the acceleration of the colonizing policy both institutionally and structurally. These reforms reinforced the mechanisms of exploitation by facilitating the passage from temporary military occupation to administrative organization. In the fifth section we analyse the impact of the first world war
Mairry, Louis. "La vie politique dans le departement du doubs sous la troisieme republique (1870-1940)." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040075.
Full textUnder the third republic, from 1870 to 1940, the departement of the doubs had a singular political evolution. First, it chose the republic and the left: in 1885 every parlementary is republican and the radicals dominate politival life in the departement from 1898 to 1914. But in 1936 it's of the few departements which provides it self solely with members of parliament form the right (five), when its three senators have been from the right since 1921. When, how, why this change from legt to right? contrary to the popular opinion, this turnaround isn't due to the great war (1914-1918) which in the political world was nerely a parenthesis ("sacred union"). In fact, the electoral reconquest by the right begins as early as 1900-1901, based on local ballots (country and municipal) first, to lead to senatorial and legislative successe. To this, three reasons: a moderate right, united and disciplined around strong personalities (r. De moustier, g. Pernot, g. Japy); the decline of the radicals, divides and with no programme; the refusal of political extrimism, from the left as from the right
Majerus, Benoît. "Occupations et logiques policières: la police communale de Bruxelles pendant les première et deuxième guerres mondiales, 1914-1918 et 1940-1944." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211112.
Full textLe développement des appareils administratifs a pris de telles dimensions dans le XIXe siècle que l’occupant est obligé de trouver un modus vivendi avec les institutions existant sur les territoires occupés, lui-même étant incapable de gérer seul les pays sous son contrôle. Cette constellation donne une marge de manœuvres importante à la police locale, l’institution qui fait l’objet de notre étude.
Pendant les deux guerres, la police est soumise à un processus de réformes visant à améliorer son fonctionnement :centralisation du commandement, spécialisation d’unités, élargissement géographie des compétences d’intervention… Ces changements s’inspirent d’une part d’idées ambiantes en Belgique et d’autre part de projets réalisés en Allemagne dans les deux périodes procédant la guerre.
L’intégration de l’appareil policier communal à l’intérieur d’un régime d’occupation est facilitée par le professionnalisme de celui-ci qui contraste fortement avec la pratique des polices auxiliaires pour lesquelles l’ordre patriotique et/ou idéologique peut prendre le dessus sur le ‘maintien d’ordre classique’. Cette prédominance professionnalisante explique la continuité du fonctionnement de l’institution qui poursuit ses tâches entre 1914-1918 et 1940-1944.
En m’inspirant des travaux de l’historien allemand Alf Lüdtke et du sociologues français Dominique Montjardet, j’ai essayé de questionner trois postulats sous-jacents dans l’historiographie :
-\
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Porte, Rémy. "La Direction des Services Automobiles des armées et la motorisation des armées françaises (1914-1919) : vues au travers de l'action du commandant Doumenc." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040007.
Full textDuring the First World War, a number of technical evolutions completely transform “the art of war”, and from 1915 on, with war becoming total, the situation requires the mobilisation of all available manpower and equipment of the belligerent parties. The automobile engine is in the centre of these military and technical changes. Captain (later Major) Doumenc is the only officer permanently in charge of the army’s motorisation and must be considered simultaneously the inspiring and initiating force and the most important personality in the process of this technical and intellectual revolution which gradually imposes on the army new rules of organisation and employ. Major Doumenc must be regarded as an untypical officer for tips time, uniting the qualities of an officer and an industrialist, of a tactician and an engineer. He manages to make available to the commanding General of the French and Allied armies the military, human and material means enabling them to respond to the German attacks and thus finally leading to the decisive counter-attack. For all these different reasons, his actions must, in the long run, be considered those of a pioneer
Rodrigues, Andr?a Gabriel Francelino. "Educar para o lar, educar para a vida :cultura escolar e modernidade educacional na Escola Dom?stica de Natal (1914-1945)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14542.
Full textLa recherche propose un nouveau regard sur l Institution Scolaire ?cole Dom?stica de Natal, en essayant de tenir compte de la multiplicit? des auteurs et des pratiques d?velopp?es ? l ?cole qui d?finissaient le mieux et expliquaient les ph?nom?nes de cette r?alit? ?ducative et des rapports avec le temps et le lieu o? elle s ins?rait. Pour ce faire, les concepts de m?moire et culture scolaire ont ?t? fondamentaux pour la compr?hension de ces pratiques, parce qu ils ont contribu? ? notre lecture historique-culturelle de l ensemble d aspects institutionnalis?s ? l ?cole, comme son curriculum, ses finalit?s, ses fa?ons d enseigner et d apprendre, ses r?gles de conduite, ses normes, enfin, ce qui caract?risait son organisation et ses pratiques quotidiennes. C ?tait l ?cole Dom?stica de Natal l institution pionni?re dans le mod?le d ?ducation f?minine au Br?sil, nous le reconnaissons en priorit? et nous visons ? le circonscrire ? son ind?l?bile contribution ? l Histoire de l ?ducation de Rio Grande do Norte. Con?ue par un mod?le d organisation scolaire europ?en pour l ?ducation f?minine, l ?cole Dom?stica de Natal a ?t? inaugur?e en 1914, en ayant comme cr?ateur l intelectuel de Rio Grande do Norte Henrique Castriciano de Souza. Sa singularit?, s opposant aux ?coles f?minines existantes au Rio Grande do Norte et au Br?sil en ce temps-l?, ?tait d? au mod?le scolaire adopt?, qui appuyait sur la formation d une femme pr?par?e ? r?pondre aux aspirations modernes surgissant avec l av?nement de la R?publique. Ce contexte exigeait de l ?cole la formation d un mod?le de femme dans les aspects moral, physique, culturel et intelectuel model?s sur les id?aux de l ordre et du progr?s. Ce serait une nouvelle m?thode d ?ducation scolaire qui pourrait favoriser la modernisation des anciennes m?thodes d enseignement, provoquant le surgissement de mod?les qui impliqueraient une nouvelle organisation p?dagogique aux ?coles de l`?tat et conduiraient la ville ? de nouveaux et hauts paliers de culture et civilit?. Avec cela, l ?cole contribuerait ? ce que la femme joue un r?le dans la soci?t? d une mani?re plus active, sociale et mieux adapt?e. Les mots ordre, nouveau, civilit?, moderne et progr?s se r?pandaient et s entrecroisaient avec des valeurs archa?ques toujours permanentes et enracin?es dans la vision de vie et l id?e de monde d alors. Ainsi, on voyait que l ?cole Dom?stica ?tait une institution mod?le, sp?cifique dans sa fonction, qui apporterait ? la ville et, particuli?rement au Rio Grande do Norte, des id?es de civilit?, ordre et progr?s
A pesquisa apresenta um novo olhar para a institui??o escolar Escola Dom?stica de Natal, tentando dar conta da multiplicidade dos atores e pr?ticas envolvidas na escola que melhor definiam e explicavam os fen?menos daquela realidade educativa e das rela??es com o tempo e lugar em que estava inserida. Neste sentido, os conceitos de mem?ria e cultura escolar foram fundamentais para a compreens?o dessas pr?ticas, porque contribu?ram para fazermos uma leitura hist?rico-cultural do conjunto de aspectos institucionalizados na escola, como o seu curr?culo, finalidades, modos de ensinar e aprender, condutas, normas, enfim, o que caracterizavam a sua organiza??o e pr?ticas cotidianas. Sendo a Escola Dom?stica de Natal uma institui??o pioneira no modelo de ensino voltado para a educa??o feminina no Brasil, priorizamos reconhec?-la e circunscrev?-la na sua indel?vel contribui??o ? Hist?ria da Educa??o norte-rio-grandense. Concebida por um modelo de organiza??o escolar europeu para a educa??o feminina, a Escola Dom?stica de Natal foi inaugurada em 1914, tendo como seu criador, o intelectual norte-rio-grandense Henrique Castriciano de Souza. Sua singularidade, divergindo das escolas femininas existentes no RN e no pa?s naquele momento, advinha do modelo escolar adotado, que enfatizava a forma??o de uma mulher voltada para atender aos anseios modernos despontados com o advento da Rep?blica. Esse ide?rio exigia, por parte da escola, a forma??o de um modelo de mulher em seus aspectos moral, f?sico, cultural e intelectual moldados nos ideais da ordem e do progresso. Essa seria uma nova forma de educa??o escolar que poderia favorecer a moderniza??o dos velhos m?todos de ensino, provocando o surgimento de modelos que implicariam numa nova organiza??o pedag?gica nas escolas existentes no Estado e conduziriam a cidade a novos e elevados patamares de cultura e civilidade. Estava presente, tamb?m a representa??o de que, com essa forma??o, a escola contribuiria para que a mulher atuasse na sociedade de forma mais ativa, social e ajust?vel ao meio. As palavras ordem, novo, civilidade, moderno e progresso circulavam e se entrecruzavam com valores arcaicos ainda arraigados e permanentes na vis?o da vida e na id?ia de mundo de ent?o. Assim, percebia-se a Escola Dom?stica como institui??o modelo, espec?fica em sua fun??o, que iria trazer para a cidade e, particularmente para o Estado do RN, id?ias de civilidade, ordem e progresso
Schiavon, Martina. "Itinéraires de la précision : géodésiens, artilleurs, savants et fabricants d'instruments en France, 1870-1930 (environ)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHESA141.
Full textOur study examines the intersections among geodesy, artillery, cartography, optics and precision mechanics between 1870 and 1930. These practices provide interesting views on the way one built a precision measurement and the means used to reach it. We firstly study two meridian arc measurements carried out by officers of the Service géographique de l'armée and the creation of the Laboratoire d'essais at the Conservatoire des arts et métiers. Then we study how this knowledge and these techniques of precision were assimilated during the First World War. We study cartographic work in its relations with artillery shooting, the ennemy's battery location by sound and the manufacture of optical instruments. Our study permit to reconsider the too arbitrary division which separates the scientific from the military world and the signification of "making science" in France at the begining of the 20th century
Guillemin, Philippe. "Communisme et politique frontiste des origines du front unique a son application francaise 1919-1927." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMD002.
Full textThe constitution in march 1919 of the third communist international gives concrete expression to a twofold certainty : the universality and the imminence of the revolution to come. The setting up of the various national sections, resulting from this postulate, takes place in a rapidly contradictory environment : that of the unattainable revolution. Such is the case for the french party, which springs from a painful split in december 1920. The necessity to conquer the masses that communism is supposed to lead, inspires lenin to launch, during the third congress in july 1921, a policy of address to socialdemocracy, in order to seduc a working class the majority of which still relies on it. This frontist policy - aiming at highlighting the capacity of communist parties to exemplary action - will fail, owing first to the french refusal to enter into an alliance with those they have just seceded from, then to the sectarian and ultra-leftist interpretation imposed by the authorities of the international, under zinoviev. Stalinian centrism and the thesis of "single-country socialism" which arise late in 1924 are yet to allow the initiation of the premises of a more effective frontist policy, from the autumn of 1925 to the summer of 1927. Henceforth convinced of the necessity to take into account the social democratic reality and to practise a more constructive alliance, the french communist party is hardly imagining the various ways to a real frontist policy when the stalinian international imposes the radical move to "class versus class" in november 1927. In fact, before the advent of the popular front, the french communist party, highly isolated, has not conquered its popular rank and file
Pouchepadass, Jacques. "Croissance agricole et societe dans l'inde coloniale : le district de champaran (bihar), 1860-1950." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070070.
Full textThe object of the present study is a detailed investigation into the historical factors of agrarian underdevelopment in a district of bihar (india) during the last century of british rule. The basic aim has been to show how caste society, the colonial state and the market interacted in the specific socio-economic set-up of north bihar to produce a distinct pattern of agricultural stagnation. The density of rural population in champaran reached very high figures during this period. But the technology of agriculture remained, with few exceptions, unchanged. Due to lack of capital, and to the imperatives of subsistence agriculture, most peasants were unable to resort to more sophisticated means of intensification, or to take better advantage of the available market opportunities. This situation was closely related to the local socio-political structure. The colonial state succeeded in divesting the bigger zamindars of some of their seignorial prerogatives. But it failed to modernize in depth the social framework of agriculture. The agrarian legislation framed by liberal minded officials benefitted mainly the well-off high-caste peasant elite, who was best placed to make efficient use of it. This village elite produced true marketable surpluses, enjoyed a satisfactory access to the grain market, and largely controlled the land, labour and credit markets
Carrillo-Blouin, Elsa. "Les rapports présidentiels au Mexique, 1877-1976 : rupture ou continuité ?" Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA01A001.
Full textWhat is first : words or reality ? Myths or tradition ? Power or society ? There are all the questions that we try to have at least in mind for analysing one kind of discourse which wants itself as the best finished image of every power in place since 1877 in Mexico. As in middle age, towers were the exterior sign of power, in XXth century Mexico, words and appearances (rituals) are the signs of power which search both to be revolutionnary without actually being and which appears as all-powerfull without having the reals meanings of being so, but only the exterior "apparat". What this descourse consists on along one hundred years of mexican history ? How has it changed from 1877 up to 1976 ? Which have been the exterior elements which have played a major role for this changing ? Have been the quest of this research
Michel, Alain. "Juifs, Français et scouts : les Éclaireuses et Éclaireurs israe͏̈lites de France de 1923 à nos jours : un exemple de rencontre entre identité juive et enracinement culturel français." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010749.
Full textFounded in 1923 by Robert Gamzon, the french jewish scouts movement reflects, in its historical development. The main characteristics of the social evolution in France, and of the jewish community within it. Using the very specially rich archives of the movement, this study aims, primarily, to place the creation of this group within the perspective of french judaism, resulting from the emancipation. It then proceeds to describe the major stages of the movement, with special (attention to the analysis of the following issues : the educational evolution, the question of mixed (boys and girls) groups, the development of the concept of pluralism, the change that took place in the identity of the jews in france and their relationship with zionism and the state of israel. Three main periods are scrutinised: from the founding of the movement to the end of the second world war, from the rebuilding of the movement to the results of the algerian independence, and finally from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s
Sorez, Julien. "Footballs en Seine : histoire sociale et culturelle d’une pratique sportive dans Paris et sa banlieue des années 1880 à 1940." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0056.
Full textUsing the Seine department as the analysis framework, this thesis intends to put in perspective the development of football, from its first appearance at the end of the 19th century up until 1940. The strong links it enjoyed with Great Britain, the quality of its teams’ game and the dynamism of its leaders all explained the sporting and institutional hegemony of Parisian football until the late 1910s. During the interwar period, as football gained visibility and legitimacy in French society, the supremacy of Parisian football gradually eroded, although Paris and its inner suburbs remained the venues for the most attractive events of the country, and their teams always enjoyed a certain amount of prestige. The aim is, therefore, to understand how an initially marginal cultural practice developed in the capital of a highly centralised state, and to assess the importance of the Seine department in the historical trajectory followed by French football. In order to do this, the thesis will successively examine the institutional development of Parisian football, the modalities of its progressive spatial anchoring in Paris and the suburban communes of the Seine department and, finally, the manner in which football was able to acquire strong social legitimacy in less than five decades
Dritsas, Margarita. "L'industrie et les banques en Grèce entre les deux guerres." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010500.
Full textThe process of industrialisation started in Greece in the late 19th century, seemes to acquire a new impetus in the 20th cent. , especially during the interwar period. Industrial establishments doubles and some investment occurred. The banks, led by the national bank of Greece, were called to organise the country's financial ressources and facilitate the process. Their success however was limited. Their action remained within the traditional logic of banking that emphasised security of investment and low risks. It did not transcend the constraints placed by greece's position in the international division of labour or by the internal structure, accentuated by the refugee influx in the 1920's. Thus, until the end of that decade, agriculture came top in the priorities completing the state's policy of achieving national homogeneity and of integrating as soon as possible the new refugee populations. Genuine interest for industry was shown by the banks only in the 1930's. This occurred in the wake of the reorganisation of the Greek banking sector and the effects of the economic depression that held foreign capital out of Greece. Nevertheless, the chances of industry to grow and modernise were already seriously and adversely affected by the changes occurring on an international scale
Guillot, Hélène. "Photographier la Grande Guerre : les soldats de la mémoire, 1915-1919." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010617.
Full textKenbib, Mohammed. "Les relations judéo-musulmanes au Maroc de 1859 à 1948." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010619.
Full textAn increasing gap became the main feature of muslim-jewish relations in Morocco from mid-nineteenth century onwards. This process was part of a more general change that affected moroccan state and society. Colonial pressures, integration of the country into the world market, interference of european and american jewish associations, and successive years of devastating drought had determining effects in this regard. Particularly corrosive were also the capitulary privileges granted to upper groups of the jewish communities. Under the protectorate regime, this situation was accentuated by the modernisation of the country's economy, the creation of new means of communication, the "native policy" followed by the colonial authorities, and the deep changes that followed the second world war. A general tendancy to economic marginality, disappointment of the "evolues" who expected french or spanish naturalisation, and defiance towards muslim nationalists prevailed amongst the moroccan jews during this period. These conditions paved the way to their zionisation and, subsequently, transfer of most of them to israel after 1948
Ilbert, Robert. "Alexandrie, espace et société : 1830-1930." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0010.
Full textHistory of the modern alexandria is history of a new town established by muhammad ali, between 1819 and 1830, a sort of garrison town, instrument for a new ottoman policy. With the cotton boom (1861-1863), it's history of a port, and, after 1882, it's history of the egypt's colonial exploitation's center. But, in the same time, alexandria is becoming the center of the intellectual and social egyptian life. It's not, purely, a relay. It's a mediterranean capital, it's a city. The dissertation is the narration of the urban and social development of the town of alexandria, for a century. We point the analysis at the implantation and dissolution of the levantines communities in egypt. Attracted by muhammad ali, the communities improved with the english domination, but declined with the nationalisms, europeans or egyptian. The communities were not strangers in egypt. It was a central form of the ottoman social organization. The end of the modern alexandria, is the end of the ottoman empire. The first tome is the narration of the installation of a levantine society, before 1882. The second one is the history of the local power (municipality), and the third is the narration of the communitie's dissolution