Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire de la cartographie'
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Guilhot, Nicolas Ramunni Girolamo. "Histoire d'une parenthèse cartographique les Alpes du Nord dans la cartographie topographique française aux 19e et 20e siècles /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/guilhot_n.
Full textGuilhot, Nicolas. "Histoire d'une parenthèse cartographique : Les Alpes du Nord dans la cartographie topographique française aux 19e et 20e siècles." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/guilhot_n.
Full textFournier-Antonini, Guenièvre. "Barcelone, Gênes et Marseille : cartographie & images (XVe-XIXe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0053.
Full textThe representations of Barcelona, Genoa and Marseilles are studied as an autonomous object, and not as a source of the urban history. The constitution of three corpus of more than 1100 views and plans over long rime allows to seize the who le production and uses, as well as the different dynamic ones from graphic and mental conception of the city. Through various crossings concerning at the same rime the object and the procedures of research, this study has two objectives: a better knowledge of the representations (typology, dating, operators, publications) and a better comprehension of the processes. The study of dynamic of urban pictures shows the diversity and the common evolutions of the representations, for example the crystallization of a visual form. The various forms of cartographic commissions and productions are analysed, also the relation between the representation of urban space and the construction of imaginary, based on descriptions of the cities in travellers' narrative
Mkhitaryan, Vardan. "L'Arménie et la Transcaucasie dans la tradition cartographique française." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30072.
Full textThe goal of the thesis is to set up a catalog of the French maps of the whole or part of the studied region, based on the ancient maps collections, and to study the publishing methods of the ancient cartographic sources. This is called archeography. This also enlightens the characteristics of the Russian maps, of historical nature, of the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century: a provided example is the “Map of the lake Sevang's basin in Armenia, measured by the Russia engineers in 1832” and reworded in French, in 1832, by the Swiss scholar Du Bois de Montperreux. Basing on this map, the author of the thesis performs some researches on the altitude of the lake Sevan at the time of the setting up of the aforesaid map and on the demographic changes that occurred in the lake Sevan's basin after the Russian-Persian and the Russian-Turkish treaties. VardanMikhitarian's work appears to be the the first study of the French maps on this subject and displays, in the main, an unprecedented catalogue of maps. [etc.]
Avila, Isabelle. "L' ère des cartes : cartographie, impérialisme et nationalisme en Grande-Bretagne et en France, 1870-1914." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2012_avila.pdf.
Full textHow are maps used in a specific country at a given time? In this thesis, I argue that maps should be given greater prominence in historical analysis because they give us a fresh outlook on the past by informing us about representations of the world. To prove this point, I explore the links between cartography, imperialism and nationalism in Great Britain and France between 1870 and 1914. I provide an original view of the turn of the twentieth century by articulating three different approaches: a cartographic one, a comparative one and a panoramic one (due to the variety of the published materials analyzed from geographical journals to atlases, text-books and newspapers). From this history of cartographic thinking, three things emerge. First, British and French geographers converted maps into scientific and political symbols in order to underline the need to study geography from 1870-71 in France and from 1884 in Britain. Second, they disseminated these symbols and a new cartographic mode of thinking about the world to a wide audience thanks to new printing devices and the spread of education with the hope of forming citizens. Finally, they were able to use maps of empire more specifically to promote nationalism. My conclusion is two-fold. First, the comparative nature of the study reveals a process of imitation between the two nations in exploration, imperialism, geography teaching and the contents of their maps. Second, the use of maps became so important between 1870 and 1914 because the two countries faced periods of doubts linked to an economic depression, international rivalries, the scramble for colonies, the Franco-Prussian War and the Boer War
Palsky, Gilles. "La Cartographie thématique en France : recherches sur ses origines et son évolution jusqu'à la fin du 19è siècle." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010508.
Full textIn the 19 century, cartographic language is not solely employed for the traditional geometric description of the earth's surface, but is a mean to express, as well, a new knowledge and original themes. The elements of a "thematic style" are created, which leads to a deep renewal of the cartographic code. This was prepared, in form and esprit, by special maps of the 17th and 18th centuries, and the first statistical diagrams. Then in the first part of the 19th century pioneer authors invented the basic methods in quantitative cartography. They were used to illustrate demonstrations in the field of economics, moral and social statistics, and medicine. After 1850, apprehensive reflexes were acquired, and cartographic methods widely diffused, particularly in the publications by the statistical offices of the great public administrations,and, later, in geographical works. That profusion led the statisticians to lay the foundations of a graphic semiology, to study the classification and standardization of graphic processes
Biaggi, Enali Maria de. "La cartographie et les représentations du territoire au Brésil." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030137.
Full textGoršenina, Svetlana. "De la Tartarie à l'Asie centrale : le coeur d'un continent dans l'histoire des idées entre la cartographie et la géopolitique." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010531.
Full textAouadi, Hocine. "La végétation de l'Algérie nord-orientale : histoire des influences anthropiques et cartographie à 1/200 000." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10119.
Full textSaada, Afef. "L'espace tunisien vu de l'Occident, au croisement des notions territoriales Africa et Tunis : concept et représentation dans la cartographie occidentale, du XVIè au XVIIIè siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010714/document.
Full textThis study deals with the concept of the Tunisian space, seen from the West as an intersection of the territorial concepts of Africa and Tunis, throughout the cartographical representation of the modern period, from the 16th to the 18th century. The study is essentially based on cartographic material from the collections of the French National Library. This thesis aims to investigate the cartographic representation of the Tunisian space through two main approaches: the first one is historiographical and structural at heart while the second is quantitative. The main objective of this present study is to detect the essential historical steps in the cartographic representation, from wide sources. So far, I suggest identifying three groups of cartographic images, which are characterized by similar deformations. These images correspond with important stages of the modern cartographical image or even major breaks in its construction, connected with new travel accounts and an evolving representation. Ali maps are not only representative of the cartographical edition but also of the development of technology and geographical knowledge. The « model-maps » along with « mothermaps », once identified, are subsequently subjected to experiments, through a quantitative approach. This approach, which centers on surfaces deformations, is meant to establish a comparison between two types of surfaces: one, the source-surface, which is presumed to be accurate and the other, the image-surface, which corresponds with the historical examples we consider
Rofort, Marie-Françoise. "Les Topographies médicales : une géographie des maladies et de la santé aux XVIIIe et XXe siècles." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070180.
Full textDuring the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, an important amount of medical topographies have been written without been systematically analyzed. Thus, I have applied myself to describe, to try to explain, to determine and grasp a period in the history of medical geography. To begin with, the genesis, the purpose and the principles of these medical topographies are set out. These facts stress the necessity and the importance of this kind of epidemiological observation. In this way, eight hundred and twenty medical topographies in French have been itemized. Among these ones, one hundred and forty local handwritten medical topographies were elaborated within the royal society of medicine (seventeen seventy-six - seventeen ninety-three), and one hundred and sixty-two, published between seventeen fifty-six and eighteen ninety-five, have been dealt with in a study of localization and determination of the explaining factors of these apportionments according to the size and type of towns, the medicalization rate. . . To follow with, the study of methods and technics of observation through a corpus consisting of thirty-eight urban medical topographies is followed by a thematically, epistemological analysis and by the content of the Parisian medical topographies. In view of the pluridisciplinarity of these medical topographies, the epidemiological and spatial approaches have held my attention. All things considered, medical topographies are a prefiguration of descriptive and analytical epidemiology. Finally, the comparison between medical topographies, contemporary geography and present geography shows that these observers, nearly all of the them being doctors, are pioneers as much of human and social geography as disease and health geography. In a second volume, appended documents illustrate these observations and then a geographical index of medical topographies and a thematically bibliography
Gascar, Pierre. "Les "cartes d'état major" en Europe centrale : cartographie, frontières et fortifications en Europe centrale autour de la période 1750-1914." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4060.
Full textThe anatomo-pathologic collections of the dupuytren museum whose history is the subject of the first part of this thesis, provided the exclusive matter of this osteo-archaeological study. Only were retained the bones preparations presenting elementary lesions at type of erosion, cavity, perforation and osteolysis. Each specimen, subjected in first to a macroscopic examination, is the subject of a general presentation, an organic description, a coding of its osteo-achelogic criteria and of a physiopathological interpretation. It is then proposed a retrospective diagnosis in conformity with the osteo-archaeological nosology. This standardized analytical approach is supplemented bibliographical elements available making it possible to specify the pathography of each bone ; to confront the retrospective diagnosis which while dissociating historical diagnosis sometimes carries testimony of the evolution of the medical knowledge, and show the interest of the exploitation of the old anatomo-pathologic collections in the field of the paleopathology
Militello, Paolo. "L'Isola a tre punte : la Sicilia nella storia della cartografia." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0015.
Full textFan, Xue. "L'Histoire du neurone autour de la problématique de la connexion : de la naissance du neurone à la connectomique et à la simulation du cerveau." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC095.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to build the history of the neuron around the problematique of the connection and to analyze, first, chronologically, evolution of the concept of connection inthe history of the fleuron, from anatomical and functional identification of the nerve tell to brain simulation; secondly, synchronically, various concepts of connection according to specific contexts and subjects of study. And the concept of connection is always studied in relation to its opposites, separation and division, which are also provided with different meanings in different research fields and through time
Haguet, Lucile. "Aegyptus, de l'Égypte de l'Occident : concept et représentation de l'Égypte dans la cartographie occidentale du XVe au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040181.
Full textBecause its Latin termination insists on its foreign origin, "Aegyptus", largely employed in modern time cartography, seemed the adequate term to name the concept of western Egypt and to distinguish it from true Egypt. The analysis is worked out here from a corpus of maps. Because of its encyclopaedic purpose, cartography appeared as a relevant documentation to define western Egypt because it synthesizes and deals on a hierarchical basis with its various aspects. This thesis describes the stages of the construction of a knowledge database on Egypt, then evaluates the degree of acknowledgment of the maps, for a better understanding of what "Aegyptus" meant to the inquisitive onlookers of the time, and finally brings up the instrumentation of the concept by the political and religious powers. This study thus hopes to light up differently the western imaginary of Egypt which would no longer be perceived as a restricted and shattered list from pyramids to episodes of the Exodus, but as a one piece compact concept that would not forget less known commonplaces, such as the marvellous islands of the Nile or the Christian hermits of the deserts
Rugy, Marie de. "Cartes et constructions de territoires impériaux dans le nord de la péninsule indochinoise, 1885-1914." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H048.
Full textMy dissertation offers a connected history of Northern lndochinese Peninsula during the early years of colonization (1885-1914). I discuss the link between cartography and the empire and question the construction of the imperial territories through maps. I see how the border areas that were disputed by the colonial and national States have been represented and constructed, between 1885 and 1914, by the different actors: British, French and Chinese empires, Siam realm, local peoples. I argue the central value of a spatially marginalized territory, for which Willem van Schendel has spoken of a "geography of ignorance". Mostly unknown from the Europeans, inhabited by ethnic minorities, it is actually a border space. Looking at the empires from their borders is a good way of studying the central imperial politics. Besides, cartography plays a role in the international relations in a context of high competition. Finally, there are links between the different cartographies at that lime, which show the rote of cartographic knowledge in the colonial encounter in Burma and in Vietnam as well
Samson, Stéphanie. "En attendant l'or. Une histoire souterraine de la colonisation française en Afrique noire. Explorations, prospections, économie minière (1850-1940)." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100137.
Full textBambuk’s gold lured French explorers into the Upper Senegal region in the 18th century. So, why was there no Eldorado in the French African colonies south of Sahara ? This research focuses on mining investments: the failure of the Kenieba mines (mid-19th century), planed by Faidherbe, then Governor of Senegal, who was haunted by the myth of Bambuk’s gold, later the rushes of Ivory Coast, Guinea and the Congo, driven by the speculation in the British colonies and the success of the Belgian Congo, and in the 30’, the mines of Oubangui-Chari and Cameroon. The forms of the mining policy are studied through the objectives, means and methods of the administration, the use of science and techniques (cartography, geology), law reform and the relationships with companies and African gold miners. At first, military and administrators, afraid of a possible gold rush, chose a restrictive mining law. France was skeptical about the mineral wealth of Africa and specialized these colonies in agricultural products. However, bauxite and iron were found. In the 20’, Antonetti, ‘gouverneur general’ in French Equatorial Africa, favoured big business, which prospected for industrial minerals. In the 30’, a new lobby created by mining and metallurgy companies (CSMM and Comité des Forges), led by Fernand Blondel, a mining engineer, promoted Africa as a strategic place for minerals, pushing for an intervention of the state. Nevertheless, in 1939, gold and diamonds remained the main export minerals of AOF and AEF, 70% of this gold coming from traditional African mining. This was considered as a failure for the colonizing power
Delluc, Claire. "Les pays arctiques du continent américain : histoire d'un savoir géographique jusqu'à l'aube du XXe siècle." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010631.
Full textThe investigation of the history of the geographical knowledge of the American artic lasted for 4 years. It was surely too short, considering how complex the topics to be discovered were. Which steps the western thought had to go by to integrate the nordic immensity which seemed so strange to it. I thus went back to the first echoes we heard of : "the heroic times" - throughout fifteen hundred years, few names of those times paved the way to exploration. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the west had a certain knowledge of the accross- the-seas lands. The people and their leaders were seized by a strong curiosity : the way to cathay's land brought the european leadership to its discoverer. Through the 17th and 18th centuries, the map of the artic world was set up, as expeditions succeeded one another, the english and the french fight but the perception of another world is born. The map technics improve, sailing and the ships improve. Important names of discoverers are found throughout the 19th century. Thanks to the technical means of the 20th century, the big north is no longer unknown, including Alaska and Labrador
Keren, Célia. "L’évacuation et l’accueil des enfants espagnols en France : cartographie d’une mobilisation transnationale (1936-1940)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0108.
Full textThis dissertation recounts the birth, the brief success and the disappearance of a humanitarian and anti-fascist cause of the end of the 1930s: the evacuation of Spanish children from wartime Republican Spain and their reception and care in France between 1936 and 1939. This evacuation programme resulted in 10,000 Spanish boys and girls fostered in French families or housed in children's colonies, often at the request of their parents. This study identifies the groups which carried out this project, the reasons for their commitment, the means they used and, finally, their achievements and failures. Through a transnational analysis of the French heir, committees and the Spanish State institutions involved, of their collaboration and dissensions, this research successively delves into different political universes: French left-wing parties and trade unions of the Popular Front alliance, French Catholics and the Vatican hierarchy, as well as the Spanish and Basque states. The contributions of this thesis are threefold. First, the cause of the Spanish evacuated children mobilized a wide array of groups who were able to place themselves under very different banners (antifascism, humanism or Christian charity): it thus gives rise to a new and more complex account of French reactions to the Spanish civil war. Secondly, the commitments and conflicts around the evacuated children allow us to observe the subtle ideological and strategic evolutions of all of these political players, in the critical years leading up to the Second World War. Finally, by uncovering a long-lived tradition of children's displacement and fostering in trade union practices, this study calls for a widening of theperimeter of the history of humanitarian aid
Asimenou, Monika. "L’art à Chypre de 1974 à 2014 : de l’espace fractionné au lieu symbolique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100028.
Full textIn 1974 the island of Cyprus was forcibly divided by a Turkish military intervention. Over a third of Cyprus' territory is still, in 2014, under occupation by the Turkish army. A demarcation line, known as the dead zone, manned by United Nations peacekeepers, separates the inhabitants of the island between on one side, the Greek Cypriots in the South, and on the other side, the Turkish Cypriots together with settlers from Turkey, in the North.Does this symbolic place that art creates, this scarred territory, reproduce the territorial duality and the consequences of the division of Cyprus? The object of this research is the notions of space, memory and history as they appear through the artistic view. From the perspective of the history of art, this thesis presents an analysis of the works of Cypriot artists through the relationships they maintain with the fragmented space – the South, the North and the dead zone – as these are revealed through the works of art.The artistic creations in question deal with the particularity of this fragmented space that often constitutes the starting point of the creation of the work of art : the memories of the lost place situated on the other side of the line, the experience of the present space and the appropriation, real and metaphorical, of the dead zone. They demonstrate the nostalgia by creating new cartographies and by opening, with a view to reconciliation, the field of possibilities. Each work of art transcends in its way –artistic, poetic and aesthetic – the border. It is in this way that this fragmented space is likely to become “habitable”
Vercruysse, Thomas. "La cartographie poétique : Tracés, diagrammes, formes (Valéry, Mallarmé, Artaud, Michaux, Segalen, Bataille)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20005.
Full textThis essay tries to propose a concept, the « poetical mapping ». The “poetical mapping” comes from the attempt by Valéry to map the mind, using the analytical geometry from Descartes. For reasons this essay explains, Valéry will give up this analytical mapping in favour of more dialectical an approach to space, taking into account the connection of the mind to the body and to the world (what he calls the “Corps-Esprit-Monde”). The model of this mapping would thus be the dance, giving their entire place to senses such as hearing and touch, releasing itself from the dominion of sight. Valéry’s poetics is also compared with other contemporary poetics: Artaud’s, Mallarmé’s, Segalen’s, Michaux’s and Bataille’s, in order to examine their common points
Seveno, Caroline. "La cartographie antillaise : genèse, pratiques et usages dans une perspective comparative (France, Angleterre et Espagne, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010666.
Full textDauphant, Léonard. "« Toute France ». Construction et représentations de l'espace politique français au XVe siècle (1380-1514)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040156.
Full textDuring the 15th century, the French nation emerged and the unification of the country progressively took place, under the rule of the royal state. The question of how to control the territory, in both its intellectual and practical dimensions, was made more urgent by the troubles caused by the Hundred Years’ War. How, in the 15th century, could a King of France visualize his kingdom ? How was he able to govern it ? The territorialisation of power, oscillating between representation and real occupation, became progressively clearer. Differentiated social spaces emerged, depending on whether the regions were directly governed by the King or were entrusted to governors, be it a Prince or a Parliament. At the time when the monarchy gained overall control over the territory within the limits defined by four rivers (Scheldt, Meuse, Saone, Rhone), political society organised itself in a state constituted by offices ruled by royal law. Royal unity and diverging regional structures combined themselves into an original type of nation-state, a mixed territorial state, unitary and heterogeneous at the same time
Jégou, Laurent. "Vers une nouvelle prise en compte de l'esthétique dans la composition de la carte thématique : propositions de méthodes et d'outils." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863525.
Full textLéger, Eva. "L’exil républicain espagnol en Limousin : cartographie des mémoires, des imaginaires et des appartenances." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100134.
Full textThis work searches for the traces of the presence of exiles and refugees from the Spanish Civil War in the Limousin Region so as to question the relationship between memories and places, the remains and representations of the past in the present. First, the historical context, from the Spanish Civil War to the Second World War in Limousin, is considered, highlighting the unknown role of the Spanish exiles. This historical perspective is complemented by a theoretical framework in line with a multidisciplinary and methodological presentation of the study based on a corpus that includes 27 testimonies as well as on the participant observation within the “Association of the Ateneo Republicano of Limousin”. Secondly, the memories of the Spanish exile are analysed through three historical space-times: their reception in 1939, the Resistance and the 1944 massacres of the SS Das Reich division in Tulle and Oradour-sur-Glane. So as to understand the impact of the Spanish political refugees on the territory and the families, the last part of this work is focused on the identities of the exile. The geographical imaginary, the political culture and the affect are the three dimensions through which the individual and collective stories of the exiles’ offspring are analysed.The various observations made throughout the thesis are used to fuel an imaginary, dynamic and infinite map of the memories, imaginaries and affiliations regarding the past in the present of the investigation
Chapuis, Olivier. "À la mer comme au ciel : Charles-François Beautemps-Beaupré (1766-1854) et la naissance de l'hydrographie moderne (1750-1850) : Ou, l'émergence de la précision en navigation et dans la cartographie marine en France : de l'empirisme à la science de la route et du point. Comparaisons ponctuelles avec la Grande-Bretagne, première puissance maritime du monde." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040148.
Full textEntitled a difficult rise (1750-1791), the first part studies the state of navigation and surveying in France (some comparisons are proposed with Great Britain), from the end of 17th century. Longitude at sea, the references of geodesy and topography, the education of sailors, the first laws concerning the printing and the selling of nautical charts, as hydrographic institution is established (in France), are dealed with strategic and commercial objects, and progress in methods and instruments at the end of old regime, a time of Beautemps-Beaupré's scientific education. Because of him, the d'Entrecasteaux's expedition (first chapter of the second part, entitled the modern hydrography, 1792-1850) is the real laboratory of modern hydrography. His object concerns strategy, as proved by the interest of Great Britain for the papers of the expedition. Hydrographic documentation is useful for colonization as for its publicity. . . Obviously, this fighting surveying is of great importance during the war, for instance between 1799 and 1815. Such objects require controls of hydrographic productions by the states, as they still exist at the end of the XXth century. At last, the analysis of methods defined by Beautemps-Beaupré is used to study the making of a chart. These are to be transmitted to others hydrographers (engineers or officers), by books and teaching. Yet, if the charts are not used by the sailors, it won't be enough for the propagation of modern hydrography. .
Woodfin, Thomas McCall. "The cartography of capitalism: cartographic evidence for the emergence of the capitalist world-system in early modern europe." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85839.
Full textBachelet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Bateaux-pigeons, quartier japonais et cartes nautiques : réseaux marchands et relations interculturelles entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN070.
Full textThis dissertation aims to analyse one of the major connections in the early modern China seas, the relations between Japan, Đại Việt and Champa. From the mid-16th century onwards, as they were unable to access the Chinese market, Japanese traders increasingly invested in trade with Southeast Asia. They could exchange silver and cooper against silk and tropical products. Đại Việt offered decisive advantages for the Japanese. Merchants coming for China went there to trade and it is the only country to produce silk on its own. Furthermore, the authorities in both countries shared a same vision of diplomacy and their instruction was based on the same classics. As for the Champa, it was of particular importance for the Japanese authorities as a supplier of precious woods. These relations underwent a thorough reorganisation in the 1630’s, when the shogunate prohibited the Japanese from leaving the country, but this connection remained strong. Besides, these contacts with the outside world enabled a specifically Japanese cartography to emerge. Although they are based on European or Chinese models, these maps succeeded in reinventing and going beyond these models.The proximity between Japan and Đại Việt made them privileged partners and lead to the settlement of Japanese communities in Viêt ports. These Japanese residents played a crucial role in these societies, as go-betweens between the European and Viêt authorities. The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate how this common understanding emerged, and to analyse the networks that shaped it, notably through computer modelling
Morcrette, Quentin. "Tracer la route : les cartes d'itinéraire du papier à l'écran, usages et représentations : contribution pour une étude diachronique comparée (France/Etats-Unis)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2138/document.
Full textDigital technologies deeply change the way in which societies grasp their environment and represent space Cartography is not exempt from these changes, maps are more widespread than ever and are being used for new purposes. Among them, the use of route specific maps, made easier by technical and technological developments. Many online maps are used for itineraries, and most of them come from United States-based corporations.These observations raise the questions of how to understand this specific use of maps when put in a chronological and comparative perspective ? Is this an innovation or rather an actualization of a previous type of mapping practice ? What is the status of these itineraries when studied in a multifaceted perspective ?This research addresses these questions using three main approches : cartobibliographical, semiological and processual, and relying on extensive map collections from the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Newberry Library. The main results bring new insights on the changes taking place with the transition from a primarily paper cartography to a primarily on-screen cartography and call for a redefinition of the status of maps in the digital era
Filleton, Fabien. "Cartographie et analyse de variations épigénomiques naturelles chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1044.
Full textEpigenome is defined as the entire chromatin information other than the DNA sequence. Within a given species and for a given cell type, each indivual has specific epigenomic characteristics. Epigenomic differences between individuals (refered to as 'epi-polymorphisms') remain poorly characterized, although cases were reported where they could be linked to phenotypic differences. In my thesis, I used the model organism S. cerevisiae to identify histone modification epi-polymorphisms and study their biological impact. I profiled the epigenome of five different histone modifications (3 acetylations and 2 methylations) in three natural yeast strains. By ChIP-seq methods and software developments, I compared these strains at single-nucleosome resolution and discovered novel characteristics of these epi-polymorphisms which are described in this manuscript.Furthermore, I constructed a research framework to investigate the link between epi-polimorphisms and response to environmental cues. For this, I built a set of mutant strains derived from natural strains but where some epi-polymorphisms can no longer be maintained. I analyzed by RNA-seq the transcriptomes of some of these mutant strains before and after an environmental shift. Unfortunately, the quality of this initial data produced was not sufficient to link epi-polymorphisms to differntial responses, but the strain resources remain available for further investigations. Finally, I studied the evolutionary dynamics of epi-polymorphisms in the presence or absence of selection pressure. To do so, I followed the evolution of H3K14ac for 1.000 generations under two conditions of yeast experimental evolution ( selective or neutral). Marked differences were observed between the two regimes, revealing unexpected consequences of the presence of selection. Further mechanistic studies will be needed to elucidate the full properties of these differences
Nègre, Julien. "L' arpenteur et le vagabond : cartes et cartographies dans l'oeuvre de Henry David Thoreau." Paris 7, 2014. http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/11632.
Full textAs a professional surveyor, Thoreau was familiar with maps and their history. He appreciated their exactitude and the immediate and panoptic knowledge of space one can gain from them. Yet he was also aware that they could be used for territorial appropriation and exploitation - especially in the 1840s and 50s in the US - and that mapping draws enclosures that limit the scope of possibilities. This thesis is a detailed study of the numerous maps used, copied and annotated by Thoreau in the course of his writing career. As a surveyor and a saunterer all at once, Thoreau conceived of his texts as the place where he could combine his fascination with cartographic accuracy and his taste for lexical as well as political disorientation and extravagance. Chapter 1 examines the nature of mapping processses and identifies the four types of maps that Thoreau was familiar with. Chapter 2 looks at the texts written in the 1840s and shows how Thoreau questions the very notion of discovery - a central idea in his time. Chapter 3 shows how Waiden, Cape Cod and The Maine Woods were written with the help of specific maps, even as Thoreau's prose takes the form of an exercise in disorientation. Chapter 4 addresses Thoreau's political essays and shows how his experience as a surveyor was the starting point for a reflection on language and the way it maps the world. Chapter 5 looks at later texts about nature and reads them as the achievement of Thoreau's reflections on space and community
Jourdain, Virginie. "L'Hôtellerie bruxelloise, 1880-1940: acteurs, structures et logiques spatiales d'un secteur multiforme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209798.
Full textNotre étude s’articule autour de trois points principaux.
Tout d’abord, préalable indispensable, nous avons analysé de manière extensive la nature de notre objet d’étude afin de dépasser les simplifications arbitraires posées antérieurement entre hôtellerie de tourisme et autres établissements d’accueil. Notre première partie s’attache donc à donner sens aux différentes matérialisations de l’hébergement payant dans la ville (hôtels, pensions, palaces, garnis, meublés…) à travers leurs définitions lexicologique, littéraire, corporative, officielle et législative. Quelles sont les caractéristiques de l’hôtellerie de tourisme et quand cesse-t-elle de l’être ?Quel regard portent les autorités publiques sur ce monde protéiforme, fondamentalement hétérogène et par conséquent insaisissable ?
Dans la seconde partie, nous donnons un visage et une voix à cette hôtellerie bruxelloise en identifiant plus précisément les acteurs du milieu, notamment par le biais de ses associations professionnelles et de ses dirigeants. Nœud central de notre exposé, l’image négative traditionnelle véhiculée par le métier pèse encore de manière significative au XIXe mais aussi au XXe siècle dans les jugements portés sur la profession. La perception identitaire propre des hôteliers de leur métier en est profondément influencée. Ces opinions nourrissent un besoin fondamental de la grande hôtellerie de se différencier des petites maisons familiales amateures par le biais notamment du développement à cette période d’une formation professionnelle nouvelle et rationalisée et d’une position ambiguë par rapport aux revendications des organisations de classes moyennes.
Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse s’attache à adjoindre corps à notre travail en replaçant l’hôtellerie dans sa réalité physique au sein de la ville de Bruxelles. Cette question essentielle est développée grâce à la réalisation systématique de plusieurs cartes de localisation basées sur des sources variées telles que des annuaires de commerces, des guides, des cartes postales etc. Au terme de cette analyse, c’est une nouvelle carte des usages de la ville aux logiques spécifiques qui se dessine, celle de ses consommateurs migrants, mobiles ou étrangers.
Notre thèse se veut donc d’abord un témoignage de la nature complexe de l’industrie de l’accueil à Bruxelles et de ses transformations incessantes au cours d’une phase décisive de son évolution. Par ce portrait humain et spatial, il s’agit de souligner l’empreinte originale indéniable que le secteur a laissée dans la vie de la capitale. L’hôtellerie, même si elle se tourne prioritairement vers les voyageurs, appartient fondamentalement au passé de la capitale. Ses pensions, ses meublés comme les maisons de plus grande importance, ont tous participé directement au développement de la cité et ont permis que cette dernière puisse réguler efficacement les flux démographiques et migratoires qu’elle a de tout temps suscités. Elle ne constitue donc pas un corps étranger, extérieur ou anecdotique à la ville qui justifierait un trop long silence académique.
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Beyond the prospects offered by the first historical studies in the field of hospitality, we wanted to show through this thesis how temporary accommodation in the city could not be seen as a one-dimensional sector. Hotel should not be considered as an industry exclusively focused on wealthy tourists habits, or be confined to the wretched workers pensions. Between these two extremes, different houses offered specific services to a multitude of clients. Brussels, as a capital city, allows adopting a broad angle for studying the urban temporary hospitality industry between 1880 and 1940.Our study focuses on three main points.
First of all, we have extensively analyzed our subject’s nature to exceed the arbitrary simplifications previously done between tourism hotel and other forms of inns. Therefore, first chapter attaches to give meaning to accommodations’ different implementations in the city (as hotels, boarding houses, palaces…) by studying their definitions in dictionaries, literature, professional press, legislative texts, etc.
In the second part, we gave a face and a voice to this Brussels hotel industry by specifically identifying its hoteliers, its professional associations and its leaders. Central point of our presentation, the ancient and traditional negative image of the hotel industry still exists in the 19th and 20th c. Hoteliers’ self perception is profoundly influenced by this negative reputation. These opinions feed luxury hotels’ desperate need to differentiate themselves from small family boarding houses.
Finally, third chapter attaches to add body to our study by analyzing Brussels’ hotel industry in its physical reality. This essential question is developed through several location maps which are based on varied archives such as almanacs, travel guides, postcards etc. This way, a new map of the uses of the city emerges: a map of migrants and foreign consumers’mobilities.
This thesis shows the complex nature of hospitality industry in Brussels and its transformations in a decisive historical phase. Pensions as palaces are deeply involved in Brussels’ urban development. They have regulated demographic and migratory flows to the capital. Therefore they cannot anymore be considered as superficial and anecdotic actors in urban life.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Loparev, Artiom. "Géométries crustales, évolution paléogéographique et histoire de l'accumulation terrigène des bassins de la marge passive du craton guyanais." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30170.
Full textThis thesis is a part of "Source to Sink Guyana" project supported by TOTAL and BRGM. Its objective was to establish bases for a Source to Sink study of the Guiana Shield, by studying the geo-dynamic evolution of its passive margin since 200 Ma. These objectives were acquired after seismic data interpretation, crustal cross-sections and paleogeographic maps constructions and terrigeneous accumulation history quantification of the margin. The passive margin of the Guiana Shield is composed of two basins: Guiana/Suriname (GS) and Foz d'Amazonas (FOZ), derived from a Jurassic then Lower Cretaceous diachronous rifting respectively. The study of the subsurface data allowed us to show that the superimposition of the two rifts has shaped the Demerara Shelf into a continental block, thinned twice and surrounded by oceanic crust on three sides. The more oblique rifting of the FOZ basin forms systematically narrower segments and finer syn-rift deposits than in the GS basin. The paleo-geographic evolution of the margin and terrigenous accumulation, over eight intervals of time (from 200 Ma), show a different evolution of the two basins. The lithological distribution of sedimentary systems is homogenized from the Campanian, when both basins reach the late-post-rift stage, during which the distribution is mainly controlled by continental river dynamics. Terrestrial accumulated volumes show however an opposite evolution during Cretaceous in both basins, in connection with the decrease and increase in the drained areas of the major rivers of this region, Paleo-Berbice and Paleo-Tocantins respectively. Siliclastic inputs towards the margin are generally low (between 2 and 11 m/Ma), but alternating with periods of high inputs corresponding to the recreation of the relief on the continent
Surun, Isabelle. "Géographies de l'exploration : la carte, le terrain et le texte : Afrique occidentale, 1780-1880." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0096.
Full textMaking use of the methods from social history of sciences, from epistemology of geography, from anthropology and from sociology of interaction, this work reconsiders the History of Africa's exploration. The scientific fundaments of the exploration project are studied here, along with practical modalities of exploratory travel and with the forms of its reception in european societies. Tje thesis bases itself upon a corpus of travel reports and publicatins from different geographical societies. These institutions have set frames to run the journey, validation's procedures and data processing, in order to draw the map. The construction of geographical knowledge is considered as the result of a task sharing between armchair geographers and explorers. The interactions and experience at play in the field, where the traveler is physycally and emotionnally involved, along with his cultural and social identity, also shape the processes of the investigation
Débarre, Ségolène. "Du Méandre à l'Euphrate : l'Anatolie au prisme des savoirs géographiques allemands (1835-1895)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010630.
Full textJollant, Nataly. "L'Amazonie comme identité, géographie imaginaire et cartographie littéraire au Brésil du XIXe siècle. Le vécu au service de l'imaginaire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://bibnum.univ-paris3.fr/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=323339.
Full textForeign and national imaginaries of the Brazilian Amazon are the result of a long and incomplete historical and literary construction started by Europeans in the 16th century. The first texts about the region gave accounts of a faraway, exotic and wild place. These representations would be permanently associated to the Amazonian space, in particular during the 19th century, when Brazil initiated its process of political emancipation and identity formation. In the vast project of constructing a national identity, it is important to understand how foreign imaginaries shaped the local imaginaries. And the Amazonian writers had a remarkable participation in establishing a collective identity. Wanting to secure a place for the Amazon in the national architecture, they used the traditions of the indigenous people as well as the knowledge of the Europeans. Using the study of travel narratives, of the press, of regionalist literature, through the lens of scientific theories and literary currents, and at the intersection of various disciplines, we will analyze the formation of imaginaries of the Amazon, how they have consolidated throughout the centuries, and to what extent Amazonian writers appropriated them to create a regional literature
Os imaginários estrangeiros e nacionais sobre a Amazônia brasileira são frutos de um longo e imperfeito trabalho de construção histórica e literária, iniciado no século XVI pelos europeus. Os primeiros textos sobre a região dão conta de um lugar distante, exótico e selvagem. Representações que serão associadas para sempre ao espaço amazônico, notadamente no século XIX quando o Brasil inicia seu processo de emancipação política e de construção identitária. No vasto projeto de constituição da identidade nacional, importa compreender como os imaginários estrangeiros modelaram os imaginários locais. Outrossim, os escritores amazônicos tiveram notável participação no estabelecimento de uma identidade coletiva. Buscando assegurar um lugar para a Amazônia na arquitetura nacional, eles recorreram tanto às tradições dos povos autóctones quanto aos saberes dos europeus. Através da análise de narrativas de viagem, da imprensa, da literatura regionalista, à luz de teorias científicas e de correntes literárias, e na intersecção de várias disciplinas, são analisados a formação dos imaginários sobre a Amazônia, de que forma os mesmos se consolidaram ao longo dos séculos e em que medida os escritores amazônicos deles se apropriaram para criar uma literatura regionalista
Lapenna, Annarita. "Le dispositif intermilieux : mode de culture du projet urbain ouvert : enquête sur des espaces végétalisés à Milan (1953-2016)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080065.
Full textUrban space proves to be a complex system thanks to the interactions between the various components of each environment. Man is only one of the many elements of this system, but at the same time he assumes a singular position against the other components because of his ability to imagine the future. This condition allows him, through projection tools, to guide the transformations of the environments he inhabits by deciding to support or deny these interactions. During the twentieth century, the urban space of the European city was transformed through urban projects embodying an idea of freedom. From these projects, the urban space seems to undergo dissociations between the actors, between the projection tools and the territory and, finally, between the physical spaces. The results of dissociation processes seem to be fissured spaces capable of bringing about a metamorphosis through the adaptation of the environment. If the figure of the intermilieux represents these metaphysical and physical regenerations of the city, the intermilieux apparatus describes the operational approach based on the sharing and the experimentation of the open urban project. Milan is an exciting field of investigation in this respect. The survey conducted in this territory, the confrontation with the actors involved, and the direct observation of the places and their spatial condition, made it possible to bring out the diversification of the experiments. If in-situ, the intermilieux apparatus adapts itself by producing open urban projects, a virtuous contamination is realized between these projects and these transformations by generating trans-situ networks, the cartographic constellations
Poiret, Nathalie. "Des traces odorantes, ou une proposition cartographique des odeurs de Grenoble au cours de son histoire." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0010.
Full textIn landscape, sight is predominant; its history has rarely taken into account the concept of atmosphere yet as landscape is perceived through hearing, touching, feeling, tasting and smelling, it proves to be a multisensorial experiment. Referring to the already existing soundscape, why not think of a "smellscape" which would bring together the whole odorous phenomena making possible a sensitive and aesthetics perception of space one wich wouldn't be only visual ? in that case, would a smell generating space play a greater part in the planning of an urban development ? to answer this key question, it was necessary to survey the human olfactory organ, the concept of fragrance and the past and present smells in grenoble. Aware of the difficulties to understand the former ways of assessing fragrances, we could make a guess at them by studying the social, technical and economic habits and signs of collective emotions. To make these results easily readable, a map of these smells was drawn. In this way the elaboration of an easy consistent graph could account for the reality of space and smell in grenoble over centuries. To that end, three-problems had to be solved: the subjective and hedonistic aspect of smell; the fact that the fragrant aspect of a place doesn't necessarily fit what is revealed by its visual organisation; finally, the perception and classification of the concept of odour. This kind of research can in a large part be applied to other urban or lanscaped sites, for it is meant to enrich the relation of people to their surroundinger. And when smell is a source of knowledge and awareness it may become a key factor in the policy for town and country planning, in the fight against noxions smells and in the respect of landscape
Coulais, Jean-François. "Images virtuelles et horizons du regard : l'expérience des visibilités calculées dans l'histoire des représentations urbaines et géographiques." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0061.
Full textHow does the experience ofvirtua1ity impact the way we see and sense our environment, from cities to landscapes, and how do devices such as virtual globes or augmented reality gradually modify our vision of the world in which we live? This research aims to assess these questions from the viewpoints of historical geography and visual anthropology, exploring the relationships between the history of architectural, urban and cartographic representation and that of human vision. It results from 15 years of research conducted on a series of "experimental situations of vision", considered as physical or sensible as well as mental and symbolic processes. When studied in combination with each other, these two aspects form visual and mental horizons, which are a1tered throughout history by the effect of changes in the balance between categories such as oral, gesture or pictural modes of transmission. The research shows that digital images are only the most recent expression in a long genealogy of calculated visibilities, dating back to the Renaissance perspective, geometrical maps or the discovery by Kepler of the refracted image painted by light on the retina in 1604. Their massive availability, everywhere at anytime, on smartphones and tablets, creates hybrid visibilities, where virtual imagery and actual percepts mesh up into our eyes, disrupting the reference systems on which orientation in space and identity of places are based. These pictures without geographical location reduce the status of real places to that of an image, making bodily presence unnecessary while actual experience of urban places and landscapes vanishes beyond the horizon of digital screens
Germanaz, Christian. "Du pont des navires au bord des cratères, regards croisés sur le Piton de la Fournaise (1653-1964) : itinéraires iconographiques et essai d'iconologie du volcan actif de La Réunion." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010594.
Full textQuann, Kara A. "Remapping archives, cartographic archives in theory and practice at the Provincial Archives of Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62828.pdf.
Full textMas, Magali. "Analyse comparative des représentations du risque volcanique en milieu insulaire : Guadeloupe, Martinique et Réunion." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981943.
Full textLagarde, David. "Sur les routes de l'exil syrien : récits de vie et parcours migratoires des réfugiés de Deir Mqaren." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20034/document.
Full textIn adopting a qualitative and multidisciplinary approach, based on the longitudinal study of the Deir Mqaren’s inhabitants’ circulations – a Syrian village located between Damascus and the Lebanese border – this thesis questions the “reticular” dimension of human mobility. Through refugees’ narratives and the analysis of their migration journeys to Jordan and Germany, its aims to understand the mechanics of refugee flows from Syria. Thus, this research invites the reader to move his focus towards networks of places and actors often considered as being marginal, despite the fact that they form the “backbone” of the roads of exile liking Syria to the rest of the world. By placing the focal point on individuals’ conditions of movement, the intention of this study is to both highlight the continuum existing between pre-conflict economic migration and the logic of the current refugee movements; and show in a tangible way the evolution of the relational mechanisms allowing exiles to access resources (such as information, mobility, housing, employment) despite the structural constraints they are constantly facing on their way towards safe destinations. The graphic representations developed in the framework of this thesis aim to better reflect the mobile, unstable and particularly labile nature of these socio-spatial dynamics
Rouet, Gilles. "L'invention de l'école : étude statistique et cartographique diachronique des modèles scolaires et exploration d'un exemple régional : l'école primaire dans la Marne et les Ardennes sous la Monarchie de Juillet." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIML001.
Full textThe examination of the example of the north of the champagne illustrates the evolutionary study of the constituent elements, noted and recognized, of the polymorphic system of elementary education between 1820 and 1876. The scholastic practices, under the "monarchie de juillet", remained dissimilar on french territory but the manifestatio of certain social demands for instruction or surveillance favoured the invention of a coherent system in its representations as in its projected reality. The guizot law accelerated this evolution, at least in part of france, anticipating obligatory scholastic attendance and compulsory way for the incorporation of teachers into the civil service system. The "raison universelle", the purpose of which was the maintenance of social order and the formation of a citizenship, founded this law on 28 june 1833. To a particulat function, organized both thanks to a determined and concilatory policy and the desires of the local actors, is associated a particular framework, space, time, rythm and obhects. Thus appeared a new generation of teachers and trained professionals who distinguished themselves in the bosom of the communities. This administration of the school premises was removed from their control and they could interest themselves much more in the pedagogic aspects of primary instruction. The invention of school, a collective space of examplary sanitation, testifies to the recognition of the status of childhood, a period devoted to the apprentice ship of knowledg and social living. The "comites locaux et superieurs" had a fundamental role in the ideological generalization and application of the system. Disapearing at the same time as the political regime, they permited the establishment oc a centralised control of elementary education. The school thus becam a state apparatus
Matonda, Sakala Igor. "Le bassin de l'Inkisi à l'époque du royaume Kongo: confrontation des données historiques, archéologiques et linguistiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/250381.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Gabalda, Sunsearé. "Processus d'exhumation dans les Alpes occidentales : modélisation géométrique et reconstitution géodynamique sur la transversale Chartreuse-Maurienne, une approche multi-échelle." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005248.
Full textArami, Sara. "Cartographies : rewriting the body and the nation in Contemporary Middle Eastern American women’s diasporic fiction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAC004.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the works of fiction written by contemporary Middle Eastern American women from the point of view of literary cartography. The works studied are Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf, Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land and West of Jordan, Susan Muaddi Darraj’s The Inheritance of Exile, Alia Yunis’ The Night Counter and Diana Abu Jaber’s Crescent. The selected works of fiction all contribute to the questioning of the dominant discourses surrounding the Arab-American diaspora. The skepticism of the readers is aroused through presenting counter-histories or alternative versions to the stories and identities that they think they already know. Through a close reading of these works of fiction, the various chapters of the thesis trace an evolution of attempts to reappropriate the American myth to include Arab identity, to a mixture of the two (Western and Arab myths), and the rewriting of Arab stories in line with the American context
Schiavon, Martina. "Itinéraires de la précision : géodésiens, artilleurs, savants et fabricants d'instruments en France, 1870-1930 (environ)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHESA141.
Full textOur study examines the intersections among geodesy, artillery, cartography, optics and precision mechanics between 1870 and 1930. These practices provide interesting views on the way one built a precision measurement and the means used to reach it. We firstly study two meridian arc measurements carried out by officers of the Service géographique de l'armée and the creation of the Laboratoire d'essais at the Conservatoire des arts et métiers. Then we study how this knowledge and these techniques of precision were assimilated during the First World War. We study cartographic work in its relations with artillery shooting, the ennemy's battery location by sound and the manufacture of optical instruments. Our study permit to reconsider the too arbitrary division which separates the scientific from the military world and the signification of "making science" in France at the begining of the 20th century
Santi, Valentina de. "Topographie pittoresque : art et technique militaires dans la mise en oeuvre du « Plan-relief du Siège de Rome »." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0107.
Full textThe tradition of plans-reliefs, an ancient practice of Fortifications Engineers, whose origin lie in the reign of Louis XIV, was revitalized at the turn of the eighteenth century. This moment is the starting point of our research which tackles in particular the second quarter of th nineteenth century by focusing on two main figures: Adolphe Leon Leymonnerye, topographer artist of the gallery, and Jean- Jacques Augustin Marie Leblanc, a topographe serving the Places Etrangeres du Genie and a member of the Geological Society of France Both are involved in the construction of the plan-relief du Siege de Rome (1849-1852), which constitutes the case study of our research. We question then the way by which plans-reliefs, a models, exceeding the geometric system, reveal a multiplicity of scales and a mixture of references, which reflect the complexity of approaches of the knowledge of the real. In particular, we will emphasize the continuity and the evolutions of the notion of picturesqu within the context of reflections on topographical maps language, of the emergence of geological knowledge and of the appropriation of space by the national history during th nineteenth century. Building on the heuristic role of the image within the analysis of historica geography as well as on the epistemological renewal of the history of cartography, our research lies in the axis of reflexions of the historical approach which proposes to question the method of observation and construction underlying visual devices and their role in the process of knowledge construction
Foliard, Daniel. "La terre vague : genèses du Moyen-Orient dans les savoirs et la culture britanniques, 1850-1914." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040141.
Full textThis dissertation explores the genealogy of the cultural representations of the Middle-East from the 1850’s to the beginning of the First World War. To this end, I will analyze a wide range of documents. My primary sources will include photographic prints, travelogues, maps, topographical documents, private papers, press articles, parliamentary debates, essays, novels and official papers. On a large scale, an overall perspective will enable me to study the cartographic manufacture of the part of the Orient that was christened « Middle East ». I will assess to what extent the actors of British foreign policy gradually drew this region. On a much smaller scale, a micro-history will bring me at man's height, close to figures of British involvement in these territories, in-between India and Africa. By way of careful study of their representations, I will demonstrate that the British gaze on this part of the world was far from being hieratic and that it evolved within the span of a few decades. I will look to specify this chronology. I will also establish links between these constructions of the East and the ideals of contemporary British society, especially through the study of photographic representation of these territories, as well as the analysis of their archaeological exploration. I will have to question the part played by early mass culture in designing this distant territory. The issue raised by the potential imperial nature of British involvement in this Middle-East to be will call for an appraisal of the polycentric and contradicting expressions of British influence in the region