Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire de la Shoah'
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Besson, Rémy. "La mise en récit de Shoah." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0153.
Full textThis dissertation's topic is the evolution of Shoah's narrative (Claude Lanzmann, 1985). Dealing with the killing murder of Eastern European Jews between 1941 and 1945, this film is built around statements made by actors of history, excluding any voiceover and any moving pictures of contemporary facts. In 2012 France, it is considered as an essential reference, a masterpiece. This is also a symbol of the emergence of witnesses in public space, the "moment-memoire" and the awareness of the Jewish genocide's uniqueness. This research deals with the various stages of this "devenir référence". The first part is based on a study of historiography and 67 interviews conducted by the film crew. Located in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, this corpus allows to document shootings and editing. This collection of archives led to establish that Shoah is a cultural form constructed at each step of the filmmaking. The second part examines the comments made in public space between 1985 and 2012. It identified differences with how the movie's plot was designed (1973-1985). Thus, the narrative of Shoah is investigated as a dynamic process in wich the film is a central element to consider among others : filming interviews, editing, first broadcast, successive appropriations in the media and also in social sciences writings and institutions (Museums, National education system, University)
Joly, Laurent. "Vichy dans la "Solution finale" : histoire du Commissariat général aux questions juives, 1941-1944 /." Paris : le Grand livre du mois, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40185473t.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 929-988. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Guilbault-Finet, Béatrice. "La Shoah racontée aux enfants : genres littéraires ou récit scolaire ?" Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1033.
Full textThis research work aims at characterizing children's and youth literature about the Holocaust. The review of a significant body of books all published in the period spanning from 1944 to 2013 has led to a close observation of the possible links between their editorial productions and political decisions. It has also led to a study of all the elements that make them belong to the literary domain (authors, paratext, characters, narrators, intertextuality). Since 2002 children's and youth literature and the teaching of the Holocaust have been included in primary school curricula at cycle 3 level. Consequently, this work focuses on the different requirements concerning those books (official instructions, selections and awards made by organizations supporting children's and youth literature and by Jewish organizations, recommendations published in educational journals). The study of educational practice, which has been observed from teaching sequences in class, has enabled us to analyze the effects of resorting to such literature at school. We have noticed phenomena of distortion that influence the reading of this literature as well as the school disciplines concerned by that teaching. Thus one can observe some hesitation regarding the way this literature is considered: the lack of link between the different disciplines tends to make the school telling of the Holocaust disappear, supplanted by “new school novels”
Curi, Fabiano Andrade 1971. "Maus de Art Spiegelman : uma outra historia da Shoah." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270246.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este texto tem o objetivo de apresentar a obra Maus, de Art Spiegelman, como uma nova forma de transmissão dos traumas da Shoah. Com a proximidade do fim das gerações de sobreviventes, as atenções se voltam para produção daqueles que tiveram contato indireto com a tentativa de aniquilamento de judeus nos campos de extermínio nazistas. Nesse grupo encontra-se o autor da obra que analisamos com um livro no formato de quadrinhos absolutamente inovador não só entre os testemunhos, mas também entre os próprios quadrinhos. A composição de textos e desenhos feita por Spiegelman enfrenta as mesmas limitações de outras obras de testemunhos diretos ou indiretos ao tentar narrar o que não se narra, mas traz elementos bastante interessantes na representação artística da memória, como a adequação dos relatos ao espaço dos quadros, as feições antropomórficas dos personagens e toda a discussão sobre a obra dentro dela mesma. Além disso, Maus traz uma série de experiências nesse tipo de literatura ao justapor a história de sobrevivente de Auschwitz narrada pelo pai com a sua própria vida de filho de sobrevivente com as difíceis implicações dessa situação. Dessa forma, Spiegelman trabalha em diferentes níveis de narrativa, alternando e relacionado biografia e autobiografia.
Abstract: This text aims to present the Art Spiegelman's work, Maus as a new way of transmitting the traumas of the Shoah. With the generations of survivors coming to an end, the attention has turned to the production of the new generations, who have had indirect contact with the attempt of annihilation of Jews in the Nazi?s extermination camps. In this group, there is the author of the work that we look with a comic book format that is absolutely innovative, not only among the Shoah?s narratives, but also among the comics itself. The composition of texts and drawings made by Spiegelman faces the same limitations that other important testimonies direct or indirect have on trying to tell what cannot be told, but has very interesting elements in the artistic representation of the memory and the suitability of reporting the area of the drawings, the anthropomorphic features of the characters and the whole discussion on the work inside itself. Moreover, Maus has a lot of experiences in this type of literature when juxtapose the story of an Auschwitz survivor narrated by his father with his own life as the son of a survivor with the difficult implications of this situation. As a result, Spiegelman works in different levels of narrative, alternating and linking biography and autobiography.
Mestrado
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
Read, Madeleine Erica. "Misrepresenting the Shoah in American Film." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7214.
Full textRana, Ravinder Singh. "Race, langage et culture dans l’œuvre de Jonathan Littell, Les Bienveillantes." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30071.
Full textIn my Ph.D. entitled Race, langage et culture dans l’œuvre de Jonathan Littell, Les Bienveillantes, I made an attempt to showcase the functioning of the Nazi system during the III Reich through the help of the Nazi character’s discourse in the novel, Les Bienveillantes. This novel is written in French by an American writer, Jonathan Littell and published in 2006. It provides insights into the functioning of the Nazi regime, its foreign and military policy and politics towards Jews. The motivation behind choosing Les Bienveilllantes for the Ph.D. dissertation was that it engages with a historical crime against humanity through a fictional approach. Jonathan Littell- through his work, reminds us of the role of fiction in conserving European History. He depicts the process of elimination of Jews practiced in the East of Europe and called Shoah par balles (Holocaust by Bullets), which refers to the mass killing of Jews in the Eastern front by shooting them, between 1941-1944, an idea that took the backseat due to the predominance of the concentration camps in the literary history of Holocaust and mainly due to the lack of survivors of this incident as compared to the concentration camps which resulted in many survivors tales.For the purpose of situating Les Bienveillantes in the literary History of Holocaust, I have divided my research into three parts: Firstly, it is an attempt to trace the evolution of the literature on the theme of Holocaust. Secondly, it provides an insight into Nazism as a system: the novel is replete with discussions and observations on what it was to be an officer during the 3rd Reich. In some sense the novel recounts the coming of age of the principle protagonist for it’s through his gaze, through his experience of the corridors of power, that we discover the working of the government, the underpinning of its policy. And thirdly, my research work focuses on the German imperial conquest, 1939-1944; it’s specificity as compared to other imperial structures and the role it played in bringing anti-Semitism to its crescendo
Sinicropi, Stefano Nicola. "L’exil allemand à Ferramonti di Tarsia : histoires de Juifs fuyant l’Allemagne." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02891089.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to tell the stories and the internment path of some German Jewish emigrants and refugees who arrived in Italy during the 30s of the last century and at the beginning of the Second World War, studying in particular those who they passed through the concentration camp of Ferramonti di Tarsia. In the first part of this work, the historical context in which the different stories of emigration from Germany to Italy were grafted was outlined. We then focused on the rapid rise of Nazism and analyzed the so-called “Jewish question”, focusing on the relationship between Jews and National Socialism within the Reich, on the development of anti-Semitism at European level, on the problem of emigration from the German territories, and finally on the reception in Italy. Finally, there was a specific stay on the concentration camp of Ferramonti di Tarsia, from its opening until the last days of life. The second part of this work is instead made up of three chapters that bear the name of some German cities: they are the cities from which, from time to time, those whose internment stories we decided to tell come from. In particular, the order of the cities was established on the basis of the data that emerged from the research, and in the choice of the stories we tried to represent, as much as possible, the wide range of cases in front of which we found ourselves. The nineteen reported stories, which refer to forty-one Jews who passed through Ferramonti, in fact tell of an internment path often different from one case to another, just as the way in which many German Jews arrived in Italy were also different. the conclusion of their journey as migrants or refugees. Among the various data that emerged, the first was clearly that relating to the total number of Jewish German citizens who have been interned, for more or less long periods, in the Ferramonti camp, and who at the present state of research have been 314. Looking at the cities of birth, if it was confirmed the fact that was foreseeable at the beginning of the research that there was Berlin in first place, with 49 born in the German capital, it was instead much more surprising that the second city was Bratislava, which with its 18 born precedes Leipzig and Frankfurt, which they follow respectively with 15 and 11. And not a few are also 34 Jews, with German citizenship, who were however born in countries other than Germany, of which 17 in Poland and 8 in Italy. Instead, 46 were born in cities that today are no longer German, but that were part of Germany in the period considered. Other data, reported in the research, concern the number of stateless persons, gender, age and profession of internees, and not least the number of those who have been deported to the Nazi death camps and have not survived to the Shoah
NARCIZO, Makchwell Coimbra. "A negação da shoah na História: uma análise dos trabalhos Negacionistas enquanto História e o problema da administração da Memória." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2339.
Full textThe shoah (holocaust) is a remarkable event in our contemporaneity, especially by the way it was developed and for its results. The humanity faced a barbarity that never thought was possible in modern world, generating the disarticulation of lifting bases of the period in question. Therefore, demanded that markers of knowledge such as Philosophy, History, Theology, Laws and even the Art were rethinking. The event in question generates a reflection on the capacity of History to apprehend phenomenon occurred in the past for a relevant form to the present. Involving theoretical and dynamics questions of the historiographer work, which goes since the way this work is made to its motivations. Between the trauma that shoah evokes and difficulties that it brings to Historiographical field is the important question of the use of History. One battle aiming the administration of history and shoah s memory is in full development, in it is highlighted the Negationists of shoah, group that alleges that the cited event has not occurred. The present work aims to be an analysis of Negationists attempts to administrate the history of shoah, its memory and how they use History, as the authenticity of their work while history. For such fact, some work of main Negationists authors such as Paul Rassinier and Robert Faurisson will be inquired, also other important authors of the group as: Mark Weber, David Irving and Arthur Butz.
A shoah (holocausto) é um evento marcante em nossa contemporaneidade, isso se dá por conta da maneira como fora desenvolvida e especialmente por seus resultados. A humanidade se deparou com uma barbárie que imaginava não fosse possível no mundo moderno, gerando a desarticulação de bases sustentadoras do período em questão. Por isso, exigiu que balizadores do conhecimento como a Filosofia, História, Teologia, Direito e até mesmo a Arte fossem repensados. O evento em questão gera uma reflexão sobre a capacidade de a História apreender fenômenos ocorridos no passado de uma forma relevante para o presente. Envolvendo questões teóricas e práticas do trabalho do historiador, que vão desde as formas como esse trabalho é feito às suas motivações. Em meio ao trauma que a shoah suscita e as dificuldades que essa traz ao campo historiográfico está a importante questão dos usos da História. Uma luta visando à administração da história e da memória da shoah está em pleno desenvolvimento, nela ganha destaque os Negacionistas da shoah, grupo que alega que o referido evento não tenha ocorrido. O presente trabalho visa ser uma análise da tentativa dos Negacionistas de administrarem a história da shoah, sua memória e a utilização que fazem da História, tal como a validade de seus trabalhos enquanto história. Para tal, serão averiguadas algumas obras dos principais autores Negacionistas, Paul Rassinier e Robert Faurisson, e, também outros autores importantes do grupo como: Mark Weber, David Irving e Arthur Butz.
Poirier, Christine. "La Shoah dans la littérature québécoise de langue française /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83139.
Full textSuguiyama, Natália Keiko de Carvalho. "O testemunho no cinema documental: procedimentos criativos no campo da experiência traumática com ênfase em Shoah de Claude Lanzmann e Histoire(s) du Cinéma de Godard." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21434.
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Focusing in the documentary cinema as a way of representing the testimony of traumatic experiences in cinema, this project emphasizes the creative procedures found in the film Shoah (1985), by Claude Lanzmann, and in the series Histoire(s) du Cinéma (1988/1998), by Jean-Luc Godard. More specifically, it reflects on how documentary films has put us in contact with painful historical events, understanding the creative procedures used in its conception. Our corpus is based notably on the works above mentioned. The most important theoretical frameworks are the studies who deal with documentary theory, as presented by Bill Nichols theory and, in Brazil, Fernão Ramos. Our research also counterpoints the issue of representation of the catastrophe, using the studies of both Georges Didi-Huberman and, in Brazil, Márcio Seligmann-Silva. The relevance of the research is related to the intense debates that surround today the testimony, assigning to the images a role in the representability of the extreme, previously interdicted
Este projeto enfoca o cinema documental voltado à temática do testemunho no campo da experiência traumática, com ênfase no documentário Shoah (1985), de Claude Lanzmann, e na série em vídeo Histoire (s) du cinéma (1988-98) de Jean-Luc Godard. Mais especificamente, trata-se de perguntar como o cinema documental nos tem colocado em contato com eventos históricos dolorosos, assinalando os procedimentos criativos de que se tem valido. O corpus da pesquisa compõe-se principalmente das obras acima referidas. Os principais referenciais teóricos envolvem estudos abalizados sobre o gênero documentário, como os de Bill Nichols e, no Brasil, Fernão Ramos, e trabalhos em contraponto sobre a questão da representação da catástrofe, como os de Georges Didi-Huberman e, no Brasil, Márcio Seligmann-Silva. A relevância da pesquisa liga-se aos intensos debates que voltam a cercar hoje o testemunho, atribuindo às imagens um papel na representabilidade do extremo, antes interditado
Duckett, Morgan Paige. "DISPROVING BRAVA GENTE: THE MYTH AND REALITY OF THE SHOAH IN ITALY." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1525620727434865.
Full textHommet, Stanislas. "Histoire et mémoire dans l'enseignement secondaire en France : les modes de pensées de lycéens face à la Shoah : expérience muséale, émotion, conscience historique." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30033/document.
Full textThis thesis attempts to question the ways of thinking of high-school pupils about a painful past, Shoah. For that, I met two groups of pupils in two high schools of the department of the Calvados, in Honfleur and Caen. Seventeen youth aged from 17 to 19 years came voluntary to take part in focus group at the high school but also to visit the exhibition « genocide and violence of mass » of the Memorial of Caen. This visit was carried out with eye-trackers and took part in focus group organized after the visit. Five months later, I could meet the pupils again and present to each of them the film of their own visit and collect their impressions and feeling about their visit. This protocol of research made it possible to obtain new data over a long time.Three questions are in the center of this thesis : - Which is the way of thinking of the young people about Shoah since the class to the museum ? - Which type of visiting experience can we identify ?- Which historical consciousness for the high-school students ?
Actis-Grosso, Maurice. "Giorgio Bassani entre histoire et mémoire : passion commémorative et maturité conflictuelle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040018.
Full textGenerated by the deep impact of the Shoah or genocide, the Jewish contemporary Italian writer Giorgio Bassani’s works, known under the titles of Il romanzo di Ferrara ( narrative production ) and In rima e senza ( poetical production ), are the point of elaboration of a memorial saga in which history and memory, autobiography and historical inspiration balance. The search of significant indications of a character and psychological individual evolution is made through fantasmatical partial autobiographical projections on screen-protagonists who become progressively hypostatical to the explicit identification of the narrator and the author, confirmed by the autobiographical pact. The macrocosmic nazi-fascist antisemitic persecution outlook, centered on the microcosmic prism of the Jewish community of Ferrara, divulges the narrator-author's evolution towards a maturity in fact conflictual. The commemorative passion of the tragedy of the holocaust ends in the dawn of a shrouded Jewish identity that correspond to a stopped chronology at the level of the author's literary consciousness. Out of the prospect of the Shoah, this creative cycle concludes with an involution
Lécureur, Bertrand. "L'image du nazisme et de la Shoah dans les manuels d'histoire allemands, britanniques, belges francophones et français publiés depuis 1950 (étude comparative)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30036/document.
Full textWe can wonder how the nazi period and the Shoah have been presented in the history textbooks for secondary schools which have been published since 1950 in Germany, in the United Kingdom, in French-speaking Belgium and in France.We will compare their contents, by underlining the evolution of this content and the influence of the historic researches as well as the various events which have been topical over the last fifty years. Whilst the European public opinion often mentions the deep silence about this nazi period and the Shoah up to the late nineties, German textbooks provided pupils, aged 14 to 16, with important information, from the fifties. Although incomplete and imperfect at the beginning, this knowledge was quickly offered and broke the silence before being dramatically increased and more precise at the turn of the century. As far as quantity and quality are concerned, there is a sharp contrast between the German and French textbooks and the British ones which deal much less with this topic. As for Walloon textbooks, they were scarce from the seventies to 2000
Worthington, David L. "American exceptionalism and the Shoah : the case of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3268343.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 5, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-06, Section: A, page: . Adviser: John Louis Lucaites.
Decrop, Geneviève. "Anus Mundi : l'Europe et le système concentrationnaire et génocidaire nazi." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0014.
Full textThe thesis's main assumption is that the genocide perpetrated by the national-socialist germany and the concentrationary system it established is an political event. Neither purely economical nor military, culturel, ethic or religious, the genocide and the concentrationary system, that we joined in a single apparatus, take a part in each of these areas; but in its essential being, it belongs to the political field. But it is a paradoxical politic event as founded on a political strategy and ideology whose results carries to a massive collapse of the political stage in its traditionnal acception. This collapse we are trying to understand the ins and outs allowed that the concentrationnary and genocidary apparatus was accepted as well clearly as unclearly by the miscellaneous european organs. From this point of view, our work contains three parts : 1 - analysis ans theorical construction of the apparatus based on the genocidary process and the concentrationary system; 2 - analysis and interpretation of the political praxis, hitlerian and nazi praxis and also this one of the actors of the destruction distinguished in three types; executioners, victims, witnesses; at last a fast approach of the event remembrance and of the question of its posterity, i. E. . It founds in the contemporary europe
Cotroneo, Maria. "Entre fiction et témoignage : les enjeux théoriques de la pratique testimoniale et la présence du doute dans les récits de la Shoah d'Elie Wiesel et d'Imre Kertész." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30103/30103.pdf.
Full textThis thesis revisits the debates concerning the unspeakable and explores the problematic relation between fiction and testimony in Holocaust Literature. The literary analysis of the works written by Elie Wiesel, La nuit and Le crépuscule, au loin, and by Imre Kertész, Être sans destin and Le chercheur de traces, brings to light a renewed definition of literary testimony and of bearing witness which includes factual and fictional elements. Furthermore, the main purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that the horrific experiences of the Holocaust can in fact be effectively transmitted and brought to life through literature, contrary to common notion of the unspeakable. These writers do not speak of the Holocaust in the most transparent and direct way, rather different narrative strategies to represent the Holocaust are put to use. The narrative works of Wiesel and Kertész reveal a hesitation and an uncertainty that illustrates the presence of doubt related to the perceived reality of the Holocaust. The objective of this study is to explore the different ways in which the rapport between testimony and truth are weakened and to provide specific examples to demonstrate the distance of testimony from truth. Doubt is seen as the most prominent example in revealing how the obligation of truth in testimony is fading. This analysis of doubt will illustrate how these narratives are much less testimonies of the lived reality rather testimonies expressing doubt of the perceived reality.
Benarroche, Laurence. "Le miroir et l'oblique : le lecteur mis à l'épreuve : mémoire de la Shoah dans l'écriture américaine contemporaine : Everything is illuminated de Jonathan Safran Foer, The history of love et Great house de Nicole Krauss, The lost de Daniel Mendelsohn." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0010.
Full textThis thesis aims at studying the role explicitly assigned to the reader by contemporary authors of recent American writings dealing with the Holocaust’s aftereffects. These post-memory narratives which all bear physically the family trauma inherited by the authors require an active participation from the reader who is placed in a similar position as the one the authors once found themselves in, forced to use his imagination, question the unknown and embark on a quest for facts that may lead him to unexpected questionings. The “bridging generation” is the last direct link that exists between Holocaust survivors and contemporary readers and third-generation writers are aware of their responsibility as memory passers
Thiele, Anja. "„Welch Wort in die Kälte gerufen“ – eine Lyrikanthologie über die Shoah im Kontext der DDR-Erinnerungskultur." HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34767.
Full textAmsallem, Daniela. "Le Génocide et la figure du survivant dans les oeuvres des écrivains juifs italiens contemporains." Grenoble 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE39016.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the genocide and the image of the death-camps survivor in the works of contemporary jewish-italian writers, like primo levi, giorgio bassani, giorgio voghera, natalia ginzburg, carlo levi and umberto saba. The survivor, an autobiographical or fictional character, who is associated to certain symbols and archetypes, is described, with his difficulties to reintegrate society, his irrational guilt complex towards the dead, and his choice to live on which he finally makes. The confrontation with the torturer, the relations between fascism and the italian jews, the behaviour of both oppressors and victims are also studied. Finally the repercussions of the genocide in the religious field, the jewish identity and the degree of assimilation of these writers and their relations with the state of israel as well are analyzed. The conclusion takes into account the necessity felt by the death-camps survivors to bequeath their testimony to future generations, in order to oppose the action of those who deny history, so that the memory of auschwitz be preserved
Audeval, Aurélie. "Les Étrangères Indésirables et I'administration française. 1938-1942 : socio-histoire d'une catégorisation d'État." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0045.
Full textThis dissertation traces the constitution of the "undesirable alien" category, analyzing it from a gender perspective. This category appeared massively within the French Home Office administration throughout the 1930s. It became a judicial category with the decree of 12 November 1938 that allowed the internment of any "undesirable" person and remained in use within French state administrations after 1940. By examining in the 1938-1942 period, both the decisions of the central administrations and the practices of Marseille's local immigration administrative office, this dissertation revisits the state's everyday management of "undesirable" people. The specific focus on the control over female immigrants sheds light upon this little-known dimension of internment. Such a focus allows for an analysis of the state's gendered treatment of populations, in a moment when the upholding of differentiated productive and reproductive gendered roles became a central concern for public policies. This dissertation also aims at contributing to the debate over the Holocaust's implementation in France, especially regarding the dynamics that are specific to the French state. It does so b questioning the relation between the development of state practices targeting "undesirable" people in the 1930s and the 1942 decision of deporting Jewish foreigners from the French southern zone. The general logics that underpin modern state population management policies are hence revisited: the author examines the hypothesis of coexisting discipline and elimination logics within public policies
Bloxham, Donald. "Genocide on trial : war crimes trials and the formation of Holocaust history and memory /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390951061.
Full textDocuments en annexes (verdicts du procès de Nuremberg et d'autres procès). Bibliogr. p. 233-261. Index.
Mendola, Carmelo. "" THE HIDDEN GOD " : la doctrine du "Dieu caché" chez E. Berkovits et ses implications pour une théologie après la Shoah." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAK009.
Full textOur work suggests the discovery of a thinker from Jewish orthodoxy, Eliezer Berkovits (1908-1992), and aims to establish a dialogue between the Jewish and Christian communities in a perspective borrowed from the comparative theology of religions. Could his comments on the "hidden God" in relation to the Shoah be conducive to dialogue ? After a biographical overview, we will explore the main themes of his theological thought by proposing an itinerary beginning with three key axes : God, man and history. We will then move on to a critical discussion of its considerations and conclude with the relevance of its thinking for current theological reflection by discerning possible areas of dialogue up to Christian theology
Moeglin, Karine. "Religion et notables : recherches sur une communauté juive entre Hesse et Thuringe, Schmalkalden, 1810-1942 : La "Mémoire allemande de l'histoire juive" ou des effets à long terme de la violence. L'histoire réinventée d'une communauté juive allemande : histoire immergée, histoire sur-visible et figure du discours historiographique sous l'impact de la Shoah." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5045.
Full textThe Jewish community of Schmalkalden became an object of historical research. Why? What is the function of the “Jewish topic” and the possible meaning of research on local communities in the reunified Germany? This study of the sources concerning the Jewish community of Schmalkalden, not famous and constituted only by “ordinary” Jews, allows the focalisation on the specificity of the rural German Jewish world, which had been widely neglected in the writing of German-Jewish past. The immediate post-Nazism period in Thüringen is the time one side of emergence and on the other side of the failure of a reparation law to racial victims of the Hitler Regime. This had been sealed by the GDR government, but it is an important piece to understand the nowadays stand of the Germany-Jewish relationships, to connect with the phenomenon of a compulsive writing of the history of local Jewish communities in Germany today. This leads to the thesis of the “German memory of the Jewish History”, a risk of mix-between the respective place of history and memory and German and Jewish fields
Rodrigo, Annelise. "Sauver les plus irremplaçables ? : une histoire du refuge canadien par les associations pendant la Seconde guerre mondiale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20062.
Full textThis thesis traces the mobilization of Canadian associations helping refugees during the Second World War. The study of this collective mobilization - the refuge - sheds light on Canada's willingness to help in the face of the dangers and persecutions threatening refugees between December 1938 and October 1945. Based on the sources of the two main refugee actors in the refuge - the Canadian National Committee on Refugees (CNCR) and the committees of the Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC) - the thesis provides an intermediate perspective on Canadian assistance and reception throughout the conflict, between the history of migration policy and the study of population movements. By following the rhythm of the refuge, the thesis retraces the complex structure of collective mobilization made up of about ten organizations opposed by ideological, political and territorial rivalries. By pulling the threads out of this "associative knot bag", the study of the refuge highlights the categorization of the refugee in a Canada that does not distinguish them from traditional migrants. Faced with the government's refusal to admit refugees to Canada, collective mobilization does not remain isolated from the rest of the Canadian population and seeks its support to open Canada's borders to persecuted people. The shelter then developed two propaganda messages reflecting internal collaboration in collective mobilization, notably between the CJC's fundraising committee - the United Jewish Refugee and Relief Agencies - and the CNCR. Faced with the restrictive policy of the Canadian government, the shelter develops remote relief, participating in humanitarian aid carried out by American organizations, and determines an assistance strategy based on discretion. Its purpose is to bypass Canadian migration rules and prepare for the reception of potential refugees. The arrival of the refugees then appears as the highest point of the refuge
Némirovski, Isabelle. ""Un vieux rêve intime" : histoire, mémoires et représentations des Juifs d'Odessa." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INAL0008.
Full textSince its creation by Catherine the IInd in 1794, Odessa, a harbour on the Black Sea, leaves no one indifferent. Designed to become an urban utopia within a very compelling Russia, the new town – tolerant, enterprising, and from its origins free from serfdom – has attracted populations from across Europe. The first migrants were mainly poor, hapless people and persecuted Jews from the Empire in search of a refuge. The emerging Jewish society, freedom-loving, seized the opportunity to build an ideal city, culminating in the birth of a “Jewish happiness”. From 1860 onwards, great bankers, merchants, intellectuals, artists, gangsters and labourers all contributed to the “modernism” and the colourful history of the Jewish Odessa. Caught between wars and revolutions, the 20th Century sounded the knell of the golden age for Odessa Jews, with the return of pogroms and mass slaughters. A number of Jews went back to the roads of exile, looking for a new home: eleven North American towns have taken the name of Odessa. “Odessity” worship Odessa-mama: music works, paintings and movies aim at celebrating the glory of the homeland. Considering both the historical and micro-historical legacy, the challenge of this research on the Jewish community from Odessa aims to identify and establish a “truth space” between the real and the imaginary city
Schubert, Katja. "Voies de traverse obligées : Mémoire et témoignage dans les textes littéraires des auteurs femmes juives en Allemagne et en France après Auschwitz." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070125.
Full textWhy are literary testimonials by Jewish authors from before and after Auschwitz much less well-known than texts by male Jewish authors ? Is it still possible to speak of testimony in the third generation ? Which options and limits are revealed by comparative work on literary texts dealing with the holocaust ? The piece of work uses contemporary literary texts from thre generations of authoresses from Germany and France to examine motifs and writing styles through which memory and testimony of the Holocaust are reconstructed / Grete Weil's "Meine Schwester Antigone", Ruth Klüger's "weiter leben". "Eine Jugend", Esther Dischereits "Joe͏̈mis Tisch", Barbara Honigmann's "Eine Liebe aus nichts", Anna Langfus'"le sel et le soufre", Sarah Koman's "Rue Ordener, rue Labat" and Cécile Wajsbrot's "La trahison". Against the background of theoretical models of memory from before and after Auschwitz, a policy of commemoration in Germany and France from 1945 to today and the question as to a specific character of female Jewish authorship, the analysis focuses on structures of memory and testimony in the description of topographies, physical memories, generations and genealogies and in autobiographical writings
Schram, Laurence. "La caserne Dossin à Malines, 1942-1944: histoire d'un lieu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209094.
Full textEntre le 4 août 1942 et le 31 juillet 1944, 25.000 déportés juifs et 350 Tsiganes de Belgique et du nord de la France sont déportés à Auschwitz-Birkenau, qui est à la fois un centre de mise à mort et un complexe concentrationnaire. En 1945, seuls 1.252 de ces déportés raciaux ont survécu. Avec Drancy et Westerbork, la caserne Dossin constitue l’un des rouages essentiels de la mise en œuvre de la « Solution finale de la Question juive » (en Allemand, Endlösung der Judenfrage), le programme nazi d’élimination systématique et totale des Juifs d’Europe.
Bien que ce lieu ait été l’antichambre de la mort, son histoire est très mal connue. Pour la première fois, elle est étudiée dans sa globalité.
Après avoir donné un aperçu des persécutions raciales sous l’occupation allemande en Belgique et dans le nord de la France, l’auteur examine comment et dans quel contexte le camp de Malines est organisé par la Sipo-SD.
Le camp nécessite un personnel SS très restreint :une dizaine d’Allemands et quelque 80 auxiliaires flamands suffisent. Les rôles et les parcours individuels de plusieurs d’entre eux sont abordés plus en détail, afin d’en dégager des profils particuliers. Pour faire fonctionner le camp, les SS utilisent des travailleurs juifs détenus. Leurs tâches vont de l’entretien quotidien du camp à l’administration de la déportation, l’enregistrement sur les listes de transports et la spoliation. L’implication forcée des détenus dans la destruction de leur propre communauté est analysée. Le fonctionnement du SS-Sammellager est comparable à celui du système concentrationnaire. À la caserne Dossin, des détenus juifs endossent des fonctions privilégiées, similaires à celles des Kapos dans les camps de concentration, mais évidemment à des degrés de violence très éloignés.
Les SS, maîtres absolus, règnent par la terreur que les internés subissent dans tous les aspects de leurs conditions de détention :le règlement intérieur, les horaires, l’hygiène déplorable, la promiscuité dans les chambrées, l’insuffisance du ravitaillement, l’exploitation de leur travail.
L’arbitraire, renforcé par l’impunité dont jouissent les SS, débouche sur de nombreux mauvais traitements, exactions, et sévices. Certains épisodes, plus violents que d’autres, qui ont marqué l’histoire du camp, sont analysés en profondeur. Le nombre extrêmement restreint de décès survenus au camp doit cependant être souligné.
Devant tant de violences, confrontés à l’inacceptable, les internés adaptent leurs comportements aux circonstances, jouant sur un vaste registre allant de la collaboration avec leurs persécuteurs jusqu’à la résistance. Cette résistance, multiforme et diffuse, se développe à l’intérieur du camp, tout en n’aboutissant jamais à la mise sur pied d’un réseau organisé.
Mais au sein des détenus, une catégorie particulière n’aura jamais l’occasion de résister, pas plus que celle de se mêler aux internés juifs. Dès leur enfermement dans la caserne Dossin, les Tsiganes sont encore plus mal lotis que les Juifs. Leur sort, tout à fait exceptionnel et ne se confondant pas avec celui des Juifs, est présenté dans un chapitre qui leur est exclusivement consacré.
Dans la nuit du 3 au 4 septembre 1944, le SS-Sammellager est abandonné par les SS, en pleine débâcle. La plupart des Juifs qui s’y trouvent encore sont livrés à eux-mêmes. Leur « libération » ne suscite pas de grand intérêt. Pour leur part, la liesse s’éteint rapidement devant le constat de leur monde ravagé par la Shoah. Presque aucune famille n’est sortie indemne de ces deux années de déportation.
Vingt-sept transports juifs et un transport tsiganes ont été dirigés à Auschwitz-Birkenau. Trois convois exceptionnels partent aussi pour Buchenwald, Ravensbrück et Bergen-Belsen et deux petits groupes d’internés sont envoyés de Malines à Vittel.
L’histoire de chacun de ces transports permet de relater la façon dont leur effectif a été rassemblé, de suivre le sort des déportés, des évadés, des assassinés dès la descente du train, des forçats ainsi que des rares survivants.
Aussi l’auteur replace-t-il la caserne Dossin dans son contexte européen en mettant l’accent sur sa fonction génocidaire.
La mise en œuvre de la Shoah en Belgique, en France et aux Pays-Bas est présentée et une comparaison entre les camps de rassemblement de ces pays, Dossin, Drancy et Westerbork est réalisée.
Tout au long de son développement, cette thèse met l’accent sur la mission génocidaire du camp, maillon entre les SS l’Office central de Sécurité du Reich de Berlin et Auschwitz-Birkenau, le lieu de l’extermination des Juifs de l’Ouest. Le SS-Sammellager für Juden est replacé dans le contexte de la Shoah en Europe, en particulier à l’Ouest, dans le triangle formé par Westerbork, Drancy et Dossin.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Chevalier, Dominique. "Musées et musées-mémoriaux urbains consacrés à la Shoah : mémoires douloureuses et ancrages géographiques. Les cas de Berlin, Budapest, Jérusalem, Los Angeles, Montréal, New York, Paris, Washington." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811670.
Full textWallenborn, Hélène. "L'historien, la parole des gens et l'écriture de l'histoire: l'exemple d'un fonds de témoignages audiovisuels de survivants des camps nazis." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211141.
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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
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Bustan, René. "Les relations roumano-hongroises dans la perspective de la construction européenne." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040019.
Full textThe apostolic Kingdom of Pannonia – also known as Hungarian Kingdom – was created on the century 11th and used as a tool of the Holy Germanic Empire’s expansion towards the East. Present Romanian Hungarian relations originate in its settlement and evolution. They represent an atypical case of international European relations and are in keeping with the relations of permanent tension Hungary has always developed towards its northern, eastern and southern neighbouring States. To consider the present as objectively as possible, to have a better understanding of the current turn Romanian Hungarian relations are taking and to discern their future pertinently, recent events needed to be put back in their historical perspective, along two main lines : the continuous process of European construction and the five systems of International Relations which laid its foundations. If Hungarians and Roumanians really want to build the future together, first they will have to get to know each other well, to become closer and closer, to develop fair and democratic relations of co-operation and good neighbourliness, and to share the fruits of such a co-operation equitably. Here lies the whole point concerning past, present and future Romanian Hungarian relations in close connection with the current process of the european political construction and, above all, with the democratic quality of such a process
Fourtage, Laure. "Et après ? : une histoire du secours et de l'aide à la réinsertion des rescapés juifs des camps nazis (France 1943-1948)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H056.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis focuses on the history of relief and rehabilitation aid to Jewish survivors of Nazi camps in France in the immediate aftermath of WWII. Until now, historiography has been mainly concerned with capturing the return of the deportees. In this context, the Lutetia, a Parisian luxury hotel transformed into a reception center in April 1945 often seems to summarize the efforts made by both the state and various associations to help them. Therefore, the fundamental question of the reintegration of Jewish survivors in French society was left unanswered. What became, in France, of the surviving minority of the targets of the Nazi extermination policy? How were they to find a “normal” life after losing loved ones and property, in a country whose rulers had contributed to the anti-Jewish policy of the German occupiers? This thesis intends to answer these questions by studying the public and private measures that benefited the Jewish survivors of the camps and their families. Without neglecting representations of the deportation, this research is resolutely turned towards the practices of contemporaries. In addition, it falls within a relational approach, emphasizing the interactions between public authorities and private organizations. Finally, this manuscript offers an open-ended reading of the relationship between the state and the society, from the point of view of both the population and the organizations considered. This thesis has the ambition, through the Nazi camps survivors, to contribute to a better understanding of the potential, implementation or non-application of a relief and rehabilitation aid policy to vulnerable populations victimized by trauma
Pommeret, Louise. "L'expérience de la "différence" chez les auteurs italiens témoins ou acteurs de l'histoire dans la période 1936-1945." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA154/document.
Full textThe thesis concerns Italian authors who, as actors or witnesses of History during the period 1936-1945, experienced difference in regard to the anthropological norms imposed by the fascist regime. In the first part, we specify the historical and interpretative stakes of the subject by examining the context of the thirties – through propaganda novels for the youth – and the possible difficulties of interpretation. The second part is dedicated to the writing of difference and to the figures of marginality. The corpus highlights several problems : the individual in inadequacy with the norms of the thirties, then the turning point of the year 1938 and the rapid emergence of the racial question which redefined the status of Jews in the nation and, finally, the war years and the Resistance with the expression of an existential anti-fascism and the traumatic experience of the Shoah. The third part apprehends the writing of the difference through a diachronic angle: we analyze the variations in the perception of difference between the taking place, the writing and the publication of the History or the reception of the works. Texts do indeed testify to experiences but also to the evolution in the perception of these experiences. We study these changes of perception according to three axes which traverse the second half of the XXth century: the testimony of Shoah, feminine writing of the Resistance, and narratives of the persecution of homosexuality
Savaton, Christine. "W.G. Sebald, Die Ausgewanderten : radiographie d'une écriture de l'exil." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735697.
Full textBerrier, Julie. "Alice Parizeau, Tecia Werbowski, Régine Robin : mémoire blessée et écriture migrante du Québec." Thèse, Paris 3, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17323.
Full textLee, Sangbin. "Ecrire l'univers concentrationnaire : la littérature et les camps." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080881.
Full textThis thesis aims at probing the possibility of a literature on concentration camps. The first part copes with general questions such as the characteristics of a literature on concentration camps and gives a presentation of works pertaining to this category. The second chapter examines five conceptions illustrating the commun points and the diverge nces of the various historical and literary interpretations of concentration camps. The last chapter shows the specific features of each author through a study of their textes. This chapter is further divided in four subparts distinguishing the analysis of works by direct witness like antelme, chalamov, levi, rousset and wiesel, that of novels by gary and merle who have not personally experienced concentration camps, the study of solzhenitsyn's the gulag archipelago, and that of claude lanzmann's film, shoah. Throughout this inquiry we will try, by studing the fonctions which a literature on concentration camps can have, inscribe the singularity of the questions aroused bu the existence of concentration camps in the universality of the answers provided
Maeck, Julie. "Voir et entendre la destruction des Juifs d'Europe: histoire parallèle des représentations documentaires à la télévision allemande et française, 1960-2000." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210722.
Full textParallèlement à cette analyse interne, proposant un savoir non plus livresque du film, mais, au contraire un savoir qui intègre ses qualités propres, que sont l’audio et le visuel, la focale s’élargit au contexte mémoriel de la réalisation et de la diffusion du film afin d’évaluer le degré de singularité du discours élaboré par son auteur. Le documentaire est-il créateur de débats et d’événements, de sources de représentations et de croyances ?Donne-t-il, au contraire, au débat l’occasion de s’exprimer, limitant alors son rôle à un effet de miroir – fidèle ou non – des mémoires collectives ?Au regard de la connexité des sources (orales, visuelles et scripturales) entre l’historien et le réalisateur de documentaires, se superpose une interrogation relative à la nature du discours énoncé par le film :est-il d’ordre historique ou métahistorique ?Est-il du domaine de la connaissance ou, au contraire, s’inscrit-il dans la perspective d’un discours sur l’histoire utilisant les données historiques pour servir des enjeux du temps présent qui imposent ce dont il faut se souvenir ?
Cette approche, replaçant les représentations documentaires dans leur propre contexte mémoriel et historiographique s’enrichit d’une perspective comparatiste entre les représentations documentaires allemandes et françaises qui a l’avantage de sortir des débats et enjeux nationaux relatifs au film documentaire.
Voir et entendre la destruction des Juifs d’Europe présente ainsi une histoire culturelle et critique de la mémoire télévisuelle de l’événement juif de la Seconde guerre mondiale
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
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Chaix-Bryan, Thibaut. "L’expérience fragmentaire Kafka - Blanchot - Celan." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030094.
Full textBoth fictionnal and critical works of Maurice Blanchot have intense relations with the germanliterature and philosophy. But, whereas Maurice Blanchot’s relation to the german philosophy hasbeen widely studied, the following thesis cares about the german « literary space » – far lessanalysed – and more particularly about the fragmentary « genre » that structures the whole of Blanchot’s work. After briefly going back on this complex and polysemous notion, we discoverthrough the different chapters the deep imprints that both Franz Kafka and Paul Celan left onBlanchot’s work around this « fragmentary experience », which the three authors each livedaccording to different modalities.The first part of the work shows the links uniting the various authors so as to explore in the secondpart the common features to the three fragmentary writings. Among the various axis of this studyare the notion of exile, the breaking imposed by the Shoah, the experience of reading as a processof fragmentation, the relation between unconsciounesss and fragmentary writing, the aesthetics ofwhite and emptiness present in the works. One of the contributions of this research is that itredefines the fragmentary genre as a full-fledged style. Further more, the whole of the work is enhanced by annexes bringing together in particular some of Blanchot’s manuscripts. These willhelp the reader understanding this experience in process
Ponchon, Catherine. "Le moi, la fiction et l'histoire dans les oeuvres de Serge Doubrovsky, Georges Perec et Jorge Semprun." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL017/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the relationship between writing about oneself, writing about History and how three contemporary authors – Serge Doubrovsky, Georges Perec and Jorge Semprun – fictionalized themselves. The first two sections’ aim is to establish biographical, historical and literary guidelines, indispensable to the better comprehension of an individual, an era and a literary landscape. On the basis of information collected like so, the third and fourth sections analyse the characteristics of writing about oneself when dealing with History. This discussion is articulated around two axis: that of childhood and that of quest for identity. From underlining theme, History progressively becomes an obsessive motif. The fifth section highlights the stigmas in the text elements. We conclude with a discussion on the notion of “textual tribunal.”
Perthuis, Valérie. "Lyon contre Vichy : « L’affaire de Vénissieux » (26-29 août 1942) : Histoire et mémoires d’un sauvetage emblématique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2170.
Full textThe arrival of Hitler to power and the installation of the policy of the 3rd Reich lead to the arrival in France of several successive waves of refugees coming from Germany and all the countries conquered by the Nazis. Lyon, a real citadel against obscurantism , was going to rise like a rampart to protect them and come to the rescue of the newcomers, among them the Jews.On August 26th, 1942, 1016 foreign Jews, who arrived in France after January 1st, 1936, of the ten departments of the area of Lyon, located in the so called "free zone", had been arrested by the French police and sent to the Vénissieux camp, located in the outskirts of Lyon, in order to be handed over to the nazi occupant.Under the cover of the Christian Friendship and thanks to the help of the resistant members inside the Vichy regime, fighters without weapons and of all denominations, who had already undertaken other rescue actions and who knew each other, took part in the screening commission in Vénissieux, in order to save as many internees as possible. Three days later, on August 29th, 1942, 545 prisoners where led to the train station of St Priest, handed over to the occupant and deported to Auschwitz, while 470 others, among which 100 children, and set off to freedom.The survivors we could find after the war, gave us the account of this epic. Still, the emblematic case of Vénissieux, will remain in the history of the Shoah in France. It was the result of an environment of favourable elements seized with brilliance by the best of the rescuers, unarmed partisans, members of charitable organisations of all faiths who acted in liaison with Gilbert LESAGE from the SSE ( Service des Etrangers ) and under the cover of the Christian Frienship together with the SSAE (Service Sociald’Aide aux Etrangers), in cooperation with members of the OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants ) and the help of the Eclaireurs Israélites de France, the Consistoire and rabbis
Napoli, Diana. "Les fragiles frontières de l'historiographie : une réflexion à partir de Michel de Certeau." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0016.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to call into question contemporary historiography; to inquire on it starting from its social legitimation and its essence as a discipline, now that some practices and elements have been capable of putting its traditional function in doubt. With traditional function I mean the ability to give meaning to the past, to represent it, giving it a place outside the present, putting it out of the present without loosing it. In this regard, I have taken in consideration a part of Michel de Certeau’s work. This Jesuit historian has not reflected in a direct way on the framework of present historiography, but has radically confronted its practice, pushing its weaknesses and frailties to the limit. His work throws new light on the discipline opening a field of research in which historiographical thought tries to inhabit the impasses and the contradictions of the present. I have discussed some essays of the German historian Reinhart Koselleck (who has tried to analyse the structure and the ways of construction of historical experience) finishing my analysis of the literary figure of Austerlitz, main figure of W. G. Sebald’s homonymic novel. Following the trail of this professor we try once again to call into question present historiography in an oblique way. Austerlitz becomes in our research, a figure of the historian. It is the figure of a defeated historian, but it is the only one still capable of giving meaning to the practice of historiography. The defeated is the essential and inescapable category of the possibility of experiencing and writing history
Eröss, Gábor. "L'art de l'histoire : sociologie culturelle comparée de l'image-passé : représentations de l'Histoire et de la Mémoire dans le cinéma français et hongrois (1958-2002)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.harmatheque.com.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/ebook/9782343080635.
Full textThe main question is whether national cultures have a specific representation of History. My focus is on the films and the field of film production in France and Hungary. The construction of "authentic" History implies external strategies (Historians, debates), and a verisimilitude based on the tacit knowledge of spectators and on the filmic canon of parable-like, elliptic and metonymic representations of the past in absentia. History in Cinema is either invisible or anachonistic. Two main attitudes towards the Past take shape in both countries. These are sociological and cinematographic at the same time. History-image is the weakening filmic shape of the Past of nation and State; Memory-image is the framework of collective identities : generations, ethnic and cultural minorities or the artists themselves. Patterns of filmmaking lend narratives of the past a European frame, particulary in films dealing with the World War II and Holocaust. Cinema becomes an independent social system, representing History in a specific way : the Past-Image
Bouvier, Charlotte-Lucie. "La mémoire et le droit des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité depuis la seconde guerre mondiale : comparaison Allemagne fédérale / France." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3018/document.
Full textContrary to the popular belief that the time clears injuries, the finding must be made of the omnipresence of the memory as a matrix of guidelines decided by our leaders. Seventy years after the World War II ended, it occupies public space in all its components and drives the adoption of laws recognizing victims and punishing speech of negation. Meanwhile, the legislature must meet its conventional obligations and the requirements of international criminal justice. But again, the political contingencies are strong, which block legal thinking and lead to the creation of controversial provisions. This phenomenon, striking in France, is less at our german neighbor, yet reliant on a heavy legacy memorial. This observation may surprise those who do not consider the joint but divergent evolutions of the two states since 1945, on the « treatment » of international crimes by nature and their consequences ; hence the usefulness of a transverse, historical and comparative approach to these issues
Denis, Juliette. "La fabrique de la Lettonie soviétique : 1939-1949 : une soviétisation de temps de guerre." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100018.
Full textLatvia was one of the last independent countries to be forcibly become a “Soviet Republic”. It was annexed only in 1940, as a consequence of the secret protocols of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, as well as the growing German threat in Europe. The sovietization that occurred afterwards was uncommon and violent. The German invasion and occupation of Latvia occurred a year after the annexation. During the war, the Soviet leaders elaborated an image of a “rebel” territory (because of the collaboration with the German occupiers, the Holocaust, and the growing anti-Soviet resistance movement). In 1944, the Red Army recovered an hostile and quite illegitimate republic. As the same time, most of the future leaders of the Soviet Latvian republic had been formed in non-occupied Russia.From 1939 to 1949, the homogenization process came along with a never-ending war and “aftermath of war”. This period was particularly characterized by the anti-Soviet guerilla, and by the changing Soviet politics towards “a new territory” (from hesitation to radicalization). The PhD dissertation follows the chronological frames of those changes, in order to insist on the huge breaks and tragedies that reached the territory and its people. Thanks to the analysis of the institutional and human motilities, thanks to the methods of both political and social history, I focus on three main dimensions: the constant turn-over in the “cadres” of the Republic, the specificities of the Stalinist repression, and the population displacements. Those aspects draw the peculiarities of the “Soviet Western borderland”
Marques, Karina Carvalho de Matos. "De l'écriture personnelle à l'écriture de l'histoire : questions d'identité dans l'oeuvre d'Ilse Losa et de Samuel Rawet." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030103.
Full textOur compared study deals with the literary work of Ilse Losa (1913-2006), a German exiled in Portugal, and Samuel Rawet (1929-1984), a Polish immigrant in Brazil, which have adopted Portuguese as writing language. Having arrived in these lusophone countries a few years before the declaration of the Second World War, both share a jewish origin which is expressed in their characters in the form of conflicts between memory and forgetfulness, communitarianism and integration, tradition and cultural performativity. Moreover, their conditions of women and homosexual acted as an inspiration for the construction of a work opposing gender duality in a context of oppression in these host countries : The Salazarist New State (1933-1974) and the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985). This way, through their personal writings in which the jewish identity and the gender identity are key elements, we can consider the exclusion in a broader way. These authors give us a picture of the brazilian and portuguese societies between the end of the 30’s and beginning of the 80’s, highlighting the power relations between elites and masses. During a period in which the national identity is being built on the basis of the myth of the great empire in Portugal and of multiculturalism in Brazil, Ilse Losa and Samuel Rawet show that the nation is always a narrative
Waxman, Zoë Vania. "Writing the Holocaust : identity, testimony, representation /." Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41056871t.
Full textOeser, Alexandra. "La transmission scolaire du passé nazi en Allemagne : étude comparative de quatre écoles à Hambourg et Leipzig." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0130.
Full textThe pedagogical transmission of the nazi past in Germany is analysed in four schools in Hamburg and Leipzig. Formes of reappropriation and uses of the past by two generations of teachers - the "1968 generation" and the "GDR generation - and by their students are analysed. The thesis is based on 137 interviews and more than two years of classroom observation of history lessons. Significations and functions of the nazi past vary according to spaces, moments and men (classrooms, schoolyard, peer groups, home). But social frameworks also influence and/or direct uses of the past : the socialisation of teachers and students, generational belonging, gender and group dynamics, social class, political engagement, east-west oppositions. This research analyses situations and dispositions in order to try and understand multiple uses of the past. The research within schools and that within families allows to think the twofold influence of these social institutions on the adolescents
Dematteis, Bianca Maria. "La rappresentazione della violenza politica e della violenza di guerra nelle riviste « L'Uomo qualunque », « Candido » et « Il Borghese » (1945-1956)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0077.
Full textThe research aims at investigating the proposed representation of fascism in Italy after world war II, by cultural environments with no direct links with fascism or anti-fascism. This research has considered a specific area of the italian press. Three periodicals were chosen: L'uomo Qualunque directed by Guglielmo Giannini, Candido directed by Giovannino Guareschi and Giovanni Mosca (from 1950 Giovannino Guareschi will be the only director) and // Borghese directed by Leo Longanesi, published from december 1944, december 1945 and march 1950 respectively. The periodicals were analyzed from the first to the last issue released in 1956. Fascism and the war are analyzed by attempting to focus, in a more general context of historical reconstruction, on representation and discursive modalities through which violence done and suffered by italians is described. The representation of fascism and, in particular, fascist violence is the subject of this analysis, to which an appendix on several episodes of violence that took place in Italy between the end of the war and 1949 is attached. The aim is to confront the continuities and discontinuities in the approach to the topic of violence and the definition of its actors. The thesis is structured in five chapters : the first one is dedicated to the period from 1922 to 1938 ; the second part is a description of violence of war 1940-1943 ; the third one is focused on the representation of Shoah ; the fourth chapter is based on analysis of the period between 1943 and 1945 ; finally, violence occurred in the Italy during the first years of democracy is described
Kuhn, Roze-Fleur. "Les métamorphoses romanesques de la mémoire juive : entre imitation et subversion : Dans les forêts de Pologne de Joseph Opatoshu, Satan à Goray d’Isaac Bashevis Singer, Le Dernier des Justes d’André Schwarz-Bart, Voir ci-dessous : Amour de David Grossman." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030035.
Full textThrough the comparison of four novels written at different periods of the 20th century,in different languages and different places, but each marked by a common Polish-Jewishheritage – In Polish Woods by Joseph Opatoshu, Satan in Goray by Isaac Bashevis Singer,The Last of the Just by André Schwarz-Bart and See Under: Love by David Grossman – theobject of this study is to observe the transformation of Jewish memory as it passes from thereligious sphere to that of secular literature. By investigating the themes of imitation andsubversion in literature, it is possible to understand the process of continuity and discontinuitywhich accompany the dissolution of traditional communities and their passage to modernity.To see how this transformation operates on a textual level, in the constitution of newnarratives by which culture is redefined, we will connect the literary strategies ofintertextuality, pastiche, reference or parody on the part of the authors with the mimetic actsof identifying, projection, and play performed by the characters. The recurrence of thequestions of fidelity and betrayal, of imitation and rivalry, invites us to investigate the role ofcultural models and the manner in which their transfer and renewal redefine group memory.The novel, by enacting mimetic processes which are observed from a perspective of distance,manages to both reproduce and at the same time dismantle the myths of identity created bymodernity
Chatterley, Catherine D. "Steiner's Shoah : a conversation in silence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25958.pdf.
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