Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire du Proche-Orient ancienilisation'
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Badinjki, Oubayda. "Histoire de la civilisation ancienne du monde arabe. Les figurines masculines en terre cuite en Syrie et au Liban au Néolithique et aux âges du Bronze. Etudes de cas." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H020.
Full textWhy male figurines? Because archaeologists specializing in terracotta have generally targeted zoomorphic figurines and, among anthropomorphic figurines, representations of women. Until now, there is no exhaustive and detailed catalog of terracotta male models. In this vast field of investigation, I have selected two periods : Prehistory, to go back to the origins and think about the creation of terracotta male figurines, and the Bronze Age, the apogee time for this type of production. This thesis deals so with the study of terracotta male figurines (modeled figurines, molded figures and molds). The objective of this study is to make a corpus of terracotta male figurines, because there is no satisfactory body of work, to classify them, to analyze them technically, artistically, and to interpret them, and finally publishing the unpublished figures preserved in the Louvre Museum.The research problems are the following : the figurines were used as toys, as decorative elements in homes, or as amulets? Should they be related to religious customs or rites? How can one interpret the discovery of male figurines in temples? in tombs and houses, whatever thetechnique that has allowed them to spread, the general question is always the same : for what purpose did the craftsman or the user make them? The answers vary according to the chronology, since the subject covers a very long period. According to the places and archaeological contexts and of course depending on the typology, because male figures may have different positions (sitting/standing), different gestures, different types of clothing, attributes (especially weapons). Researchers have proposed a wide variety of choices, sometimes on a hypothetical basis, ethnographic comparisons, and reconciliation with literary, artistic or funerary traditions. Undoubtedly, whatever the role of these figurines, they were considered important objects in everyday life during the Neolithic period, such as pottery, stone tools and other "utilitarian" objects, and important objects, especially in religious and magical activities, during the Bronze Age
Garfi, Mohamed al. "Les formes de compositions musicale dans le théâtre lyrique arabe (en Tunisie et au Proche-Orient)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040200.
Full textFarah-Fougères, Bouchra. "Techniques et materiaux de construction a l'age du bronze (~ 3100-1200 av. J. -c. ) au levant du nord." Paris, EPHE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPHE4009.
Full textMohammad-Jassim, Jamal. "Les rivalites maritimes des etats du proche-orient. "aspects politiques et juridiques"." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN11018.
Full textShawaly, Kawah. "Les Turukkéens au deuxième millénaire av. J. -C. : un peuple de montagnards face à la civilisation mésopotamienne." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010673.
Full textBouchaud, Charlène. "Paysage et pratiques d'exploitation des ressources végétales en milieux semi-aride et aride dans le sud du Proche-Orient : approche archéobotanique des périodes antique et islamique (IVe siècle aV. J.-C. - XVIe siècle ap. J.-C." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010644.
Full textJondot, Jacqueline. "Les écrivains d'expression anglaise au Proche-Orient arabe." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/jondot_j.
Full textThe writers of the Arab Middle East having chosen to express themselves in English are relatively few in number, even in those areas under British occupation. As opposed to the French, the British did not attempt to pass either their language or their culture on the local populations. It would thus seem to be personal considerations, linked to family or individual background, that have led certain writers to choose English as their literary medium. This appears from a profusion of autobiographies. From an encounter with the West springs a fragmentation, a "splitting up" of the "subject", torn between two linguistic and cultural poles, which brings to centre stage an "in-between" area, presented as the solution to their problem of identity. Autobiography, however, constructs but an empty tomb. Hence several writers try their hands at fiction. In various texts, whatever the date or country of origin, the same pattern of fragmentation is to be found. However, fiction allows a more critical approach to the West and its policy towards the Middle East and, more particularly, Palestine. Ideology is all, since the aim is mainly to inform a Western readership of the situation in the Middle East
Dédéyan, Gérard. "Les pouvoirs arméniens dans le Proche-Orient Méditerranéen (1068-1144)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010577.
Full textThe Turkish invasion pushed some Armenian lords to the south at the head of their vassals and clergy. The first such principality was that created by general Philaretus, between 1072 and 1086, on the former south-eastern border of the byzantine empire, eventually occupied by the Seljukids. His lieutenants managed to stay put in many places, and soon rejected the Turkish yoke and regained their freedom thanks to the arrival of the crusade. Thus, the rubinids got hold of cilicia. Allied with the normans of antioch, thoros ist. (1100-1129) was a prowerful prince, although he had to share his territory swith his brother lewon. The latter, by a disorderly expansionism, was at cross purposes with the Franks, then with the Byzantians whose campaign of 1137-1138 resulted in the annexation of the rubinian province (and the temporary eradication of the dynasty). Certain Armenian powers passed under foreign rule - such was the case for the hetumids of western cilicia (under the byzantines), the Armenian lords of Amanus (under the Franks) and the former garrisons of northern syria, that had rebelled against the turks at the arrival of the crusade. Former captives or armenian emigres were now serving muslim states : for instance, in egypt, the vizirs of the Fatimid khalifs from 1073 to 1137. In Euphratesia, could be found, between 1071 and 1149, some Armenian prin- cipalities (basil the thief) the most independent of which were suppressed by the counts of Edessa. . .
Buelens, Marie-Astrid. "Prophéties de contestation du Proche-Orient contre les puissances hellénistiques et la Rome républicaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256860.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Belayche, Nicole. "Contribution à l'étude du sentiment religieux dans les provinces orientales de l'Empire romain aux premiers siècles de notre ère : les divinités "Upsistos" : archéologie analytique des inscriptions." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040121.
Full textLentin, Jérôme. "Recherches sur l'histoire de la langue arabe au Proche-Orient à l'époque moderne." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030031.
Full textBased on the analysis of a large corpus (several ten thousands of pages) of published and manuscript texts (chronicles, travel accounts, correspondance. . . ) written between 1600 and 1860 in syria-lebanon-palestine and mixing, in various proportions, literary and colloquial arabic, the thesis makes its contribution to two little-investigated fields : the history of the arabic dialects of bilad al-sham, and of the linguistic continuum and of the written varieties it is composed of. In chapter 1 the aims, hypothesis and methods are put forward. In chapter 2 the sources used are presented in detail. Chapters 3 to 20 analyse, according to the main areas of linguistic structure (phonetics/phonology, nominal morphology, pronouns, prepositions, quantifiers, syntax of propositions, adverbs, verbal morphology, derived verbal stems and passive, preverbs, modal oppositions, auxiliary verbs, verbal function of the active participle, nominal inflexion, determination and definiteness, negation, concord, usual verbs) the singled out phenomena, illustrating them by numerous examples (9000 in arabic spelling with french translation, 10000 additional references). Besides dialectalisms, forms and constructions peculiar to the "mixed" language of the texts are listed. It is shown how this language uses classical and colloquial elements in its own way, and also how, combining elements borrowed from both polar varieties, it coins hitherto unattested forms and constructions which can be analysed as produced by a situation of languages in contact. Chapter 21 sums up the main results and comments on a synoptic table recording the occurrence of 120 features (out of the 800 studied) in 52 texts of the corpus. It is shown how diglossia was dealt with in the considered period. The intermediate varieties - a typology of which is suggested - were accepted in their written form. They altogether constituted a language in the full meaning of the word, ruled by an implicit norm and used, in certain situations of communication, by writers who were otherwise perfectly able to write standard literary arabic. A new approach to "middle arabic", as preserving ancient features as well as coining new forms and structures, is thus proposed; its study should hold, along with dialectology, a central position within arabic linguistic studies
Garel, Jean-Renaud. "Contexte socio-culturel et domestication des céréales au Proche-Orient." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040109.
Full textDomestic cereals, wheat and barley, appeared at several distant sites in the Near East from wild progenitors from Anatolia. This thesis suggests that domestication of these cereals was the result of four successive and independant steps: 1) during early Natufian, sedentarisation raised fertility by decreasing the time inteval between consecutive births. This created a new need for weaning foods, so that cereals became a necessary part of subsistance. The increase in population led the social structure of communities to evolve from family groups into local groups; 2) during late Natufian, the Younger Dryas environmental crisis forced some communities to meet their needs for cereals by initiating their first cultivations. These communities could remain sedentary and maintain both their population and their technological potential by rigidifying their social structures into chiefdoms; 3) during PPNA, a colonial expansion of communities that survived the Younger Dryas transplanted wild cereals throughout the Near East and adapted them to new soils ans climates; 4) during PPNB, the search for an increased productivity and some chance led to the appearance of domestic cereals at some sites. Cereal domestication in the Near East thus appears as resulting from an evolutionary process which modified both the socio-cultural context of human communities and their relationship to cereals
Heyberger, Bernard. "Les Chrétiens du Proche-Orient au temps de la Réforme catholique : Syrie, Liban, Palestine, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN21001.
Full textUsing the roman archives, as well as locale founds, we try to explain the actual influence of the catholic church between the oriental Christians, mainly reguarding their social organisation and their mentality. Thus, we begin with description of the Christian communities in their Islamic context. This communities have their own coherence and contradictions, which determine the effects of western intervention. Then, looking at the European point of view, we study the transition from crusade to mission, the French "protection" on the ottoman Christians, the number, the organisation, the actual methods of the Latin missionaries. In this time appears an oriental catholicism which emphasizes the differences between roman Christians and the traditional oriental context. We observe the catholic way of life, with his particularities : the role of local clergy, in the tridentine princips educated, the education of the laymen, their association in devote societies, their attitude in front of the death and the dangers of the life, the changes in succession and marriage. .
Lenoir, Maurice. "Le camp romain : étude d'architecture militaire, Proche-Orient et Afrique du Nord." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040051.
Full textAfter having studied the theoretical data on temporary camp design provided by ancient authors, in particular Polybius and pseudo-Hyginus, the author draws up an inventory of permanent fortresses and forts which are archeologically well-documented, in the near east and north Africa. The corpus thus set up comprises 79 settlements. The typological study defines six main classes and for each of them suggests a period of use. The evolution of these fortifications, in particular that of the towers which protect the doors, is less linear than is usually admitted. The importance of principia (the administrative quarter at the camp center) increases continuously, and their religious function, linked to the cult of standards and of the emperor becomes dominant. Typology allows headquarters camps to be identified, which were used as bases for complex systems, varied in nature according to the provinces, following the general staff's concerns; it reveals provincial architectural traditions. The evolution of the camp must not be separated from that of civilian architecture; it plays a part in conveying imperial ideology: the camp is first and foremost the symbol of power
Khair, Diane. "Unité de l'Etat et droits de minorités : Etude constitutionnelle comparée du Proche-Orient." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020070.
Full textMatoïan, Valérie. "Ras Shamra-Ougarit (Syrie) et la production de matières vitreuses au Proche-Orient au IIe millénaire avant Jésus-Christ." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010675.
Full textGemignani, Saxstad Pascale. "La France, le pétrole et le Proche-Orient de 1939 à 1958." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040222.
Full textSince its creation in 1924, the Companie française des pétroles (C. F. P. ) has played a fundamental role in the establishment and implementation of French oil policy based on its 23. 75% share of Iraqi oil owned by France since the San Remo agreements in 1920. When entering the oil race, the c. F. P. Came up against the English and the Americans who wanted to keep their control over the French market and were not willing to share the abounding oil fields in the near and middle east. Thus, after the signature of the armistice between Vichy and Germany in 1940, the allies sought to expel Vichy and the free French forces from the near east, and the C. F. P. From its share of Iraqi oil. The C. F. P. , supported by the French government, endeavored by all means to regain its role in the Iraq petroleum company (I. P. C. ) and in the near east between 1945 and 1948. Not only did the C. F. P. Fight to recuperate its share of confiscated war goods, but it also sought to exploit its part of Iraqi oil and to increase the capacity of the pipelines crossing Syria and the Lebanon. The C. F. P. Had to therefore satisfy the necessary reconstruction requirements and give France the means to achieve independence as regards energy. Between 1948 and 1958, under the combined effect of Arab nationalism exacerbated by the creation of the state of Israel, the expansion of the cold war to the near east, France’s open support to Israel and the Algerian war, the foundations of the C. F. P. Oil policy were thrown into question
PARAVRE, DOMINIQUE. "Le disque solaire aile dans les representations figurees du proche-orient ancien au iie et ier millenaires : recherches sur l'image." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR20047.
Full text3 major types : those close to egyptian models; those properly eastern and without volutes; those properly eastern and voluted. Empire; mesopotamia; the hittite and neo-hittite areas. On the fields of research : figurative space; materials and technics; (disk without wings, spread birds); the links between image and
petigny, amaury. "La politique étrangère de l'Egypte au Proche-Orient de la fin du Nouvel Empire à Psammétique Ier, 1080-610." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4036.
Full textThe foreign policy of Egypt in the Near East from the end of the New Kingdom to the reign of Psamtek I (1080-610) has been subject of little studies. Yet, the political processes which reshaped the Near- and Middle East, as well as te mutations which affect the Nile valley help to explain how the Pharaonic state adapted to a new context while maintaining the outlines of the foreign policy inherited from Ramses III. The freedom of action of the Libyan Dynasty inheriting the crown of Egypt is soon to be limited by the rise of Assyria which extends its rule up to the Egyptian border. The power relations evolved with the rise of power of the Kushites who size the throne of the Two Lands. In spite of their strengths and despite the prosperity they acquire by trading with the Eastern Mediterranean, the Kushites cannot compete against the Assyrians who do not delay to conquer Egypt. Relying on the Saite Kingdom, opponent to the Kushite power, the Assyrians promote the rise of a "national" dynasty, the former acting as a guarantor of political stability of Egypt and its eastern neighbours
El, Turc Joëlle. "La vie constitutionnelle au Liban de 1919 à 1940 : le modèle français à l'épreuve des réalités du Proche-Orient." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3038.
Full textThirard, Catherine. "Étude des bâtiments non cultuels des monastères paléochrétiens du Proche-Orient : étude des sources et des monuments." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040120.
Full textThe study of the spatial and architectural organization of the paleochristian monasteries (IVth-VIIth century’s a. D. ) Of the Alexandria patriarchate, the Jerusalem patriarchate and the Antioch patriarchate, necessitates comparison of indications given by texts and by archaeology. On the one hand, the analysis of some hagiographic accounts, and of the basilian and pachomian rules, shows the variety of the ways of life, from the anachoretic life to coenobitism, sheltered by the monastic communities of the paleochristian near east. The same monastery could lodge, at one and the same time monks living totally or partly with the community, or ascetics living in cells. On the other hand, the monastic sites which have been the subject of archaeological excavations, can be classified in three main groups: the + monasteries with grouped buildings;, the laures, the architectural components of which are linked by a path, and the + monastic towns ;. The last, of large dimensions shelter monasteries with grouped buildings and laures. Archaeological study shows the architectural elements of the monasteries' components, such as the refectories, the kitchens or even the towers, whereas the texts may help to understand their purpose
Kniestedt, Anika. "Conflits et échanges au Proche-Orient des XIIe et XIIIe siècles : Acre, Alexandrie - étude comparée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3050.
Full textThis thesis offers a comparative study of Acre and Alexandria during the 12th and 13th centuries. The comparison draws on the similarities and differences between both cities. However, particular focus is given to some specific aspects in their history, especially through a study of the main players in conflicts and forms of exchange, and the impact and consequences of these on both cities as well as on the Eastern Mediterrranean. During the Latin domination of the Holy Land, Acre and Alexandria initially seem very different from one another because they were part of two distinct societies at this time. Acre was governed by a foreign elite. The town’s quarters evolved with the conflicts which opposed the different western factions inside the city, as well as the privileges that these groups received from the King of Jerusalem. Alexandria, on the other hand, remained an oriental city on which the Crusades had very little impact. This comparative study offers a broader view of their history, showing other differences between them as well as similarities in their historical development. The sources available for this research show important topographic development in Acre and Alexandria during the 13th century. They also contain information about the institutions allotted to support the local elites as well as on the evolving role of Acre and Alexandria within different networks and areas (the Mediterranean, nearby port cities, the immediate hinterland, trade and pilgrimage routes) in periods of political change, military conquests, but also of technical progress
Le, Bihan Amélie. "Matériel cultuel et pratiques religieuses dans le Proche-Orient romain (Syrie, Phénicie, Palestine, Arabie)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010689.
Full textOur research presents a synthesis of the religious practices in the Roman Near East. Its interest is based on the confrontation of various sources: literary and epigraphic texts, archaeological objects and iconography. These sources are not studied separately but comparatively in order to identify the instruments of worship, to describe them and to determine their use in the religious rites of the Roman Near East. The aim of this work is to lay the foundations for a new interpretation of the rites of this region through all the data collected in a corpus. Our study proposes to consider the religious ceremonies, not through myths and deities, but from the practices and the gestures made with cultual objects revealing the links between sacrificers, offerings and gods. This study brings out the variety of cults and rites of the Roman Near East and the cultural diversity of this region, at the crossroads of different civilizations mixing Eastern, Greek and Roman traditions
Seoudi, Noureddine. "La formation de l'Orient arabe contemporain à travers la Revue des Deux Mondes, 1916-1939." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30003.
Full textCapdepuy, Vincent. "Entre méditerranée et Mésopotamie : étude géohistorique d'un entre-deux plurimillénaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070076.
Full textThe central problem of this doctorate is focused on the place in the history of the space which is enclosed by the Fertile Crescent, the badiya al-Cham. However the multiscalar approach puts this space in the isthmus of Eufrasia and gives to this work a glocal dimension. The first part is dedicated to archaeology of five geographical names: Syro-Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent, Desert of Syria, Arabia, Near and Middle East. The second part attempts to show how certain places illustrate the functioning of this "in-between": El Kowm, Mari, Babylon / Jerusalem, Palmyra, Damascus / Bagdad. The third part is constituted by a geohistorical atlas, mixing historic maps and geographical modelization. M conclusion, the geohistorical study of this multimillenium in-between allows us to return on one of the big questions of the global history today: why one world-system rather than the other led the process of globalization to its term? The syro-mesopotamian space was the theater, in the course of the centuries and millenniums, of a process of scalar intégration. But the situation of central isthmus makes this space too vulnerable to the invasions with regard to Europe and to China, situated in the extremities of Eurasia, and thus in situation of relative shelter. Now this vulnerability, due to a external configuration, is increased by the internal configuration, namely the presence of the desert of Syria which was as a fault line in the regional and world geohistory. Appendices include three different studies on the history of geohistory, on the notion of in-between (shatterbelt) and on a geohistorical grammar
Agrebi, Mohamed. "Les effets de la politique britannique en Palestine de 1914 à 1947." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040019.
Full textEngland had in a large part determined the future of Palestine from 1914 to 1947 and caused the Israeli-Arab conflict. Seen as a strategic stake of great importance, this small part of the Ottoman Empire had been claimed since the nineteenth century by European powers. To win the war and substitute for the Turkish domination, England had promised Palestine to the Zionists and to the Arabs. But once the war was over, she realized that the two aspirations were irreconcilable. During the first fifteen years of the mandate, London had carried out a pro-Zionist policy by encouraging Jewish immigration and colonization. This caused the transfiguration of the country and Arab hostility not only in Palestine but in the whole Middle East. When Germany became a real threat to British interests, particularly in Egypt, London had to reconsider her policy and to adopt a pro-Arab attitude. This time, the Zionist opposition was more aggressive. Thus, in less than thirty years, Great Britain had become the enemy of the Arabs and of the Zionists. Weakened by war, and depending in a part on the United States, she failed to reconcile the two communities and withdrew, leaving Palestine in a state of war
Salhab, Sabine. "Vers de nouveaux cinémas israélo-palestiniens : convergences esthétiques et repositionnements idéologiques (1980-2010)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010525.
Full textAhmad, Assef. "Les conceptions israéliennes et arabes de la sécurité et de la paix au Proche-Orient dans la perspective du règlement du conflit." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010255.
Full textVollemaere, Benjamin. "Histoire politique des royaumes du Sud-Sindjar à l'époque amorrite (XIXe-XVIIe siècle avant notre ère)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30009/document.
Full textIn a few decades, between the XXIst and the XIXth century, the appearance of Mesopotamia deeply changed because of the immigration on a massive scale of amorite populations which settled down and flooded upon the cities left unoccupied at the end of the previous century. The phenomenon particularly struck the Upper Mesopotamia in which there is a small area made singular owing to its topography : the plains south of the Jebel-Sinjar. This area has revealed only a few archaeological vestiges but the written documentation which was found in several sites inside or outside South-Sinjar (especially in Tell Hariri, Tell Leilan and Tell al-Rimah) brought many pieces of information about its geography, its inhabitants and their way of life, but also, and most importantly, about the political events which occurred there between the XIXth and the XVIIth century before our era. The issue of this thesis is to date, to order and to analyze these pieces of information in a double perspective. On one hand, it is about rebuilding the old environment and the historical geography of this area, aiming especially the location of the cities mentioned in these texts. Secondly, its political history will be studied, first of all throughout the description of the political and human groups which appeared there, kingdoms and tribal groups, and secondly through the analysis of the relationships between these entities. Finally, we will consider the issues represented in the area which explain the political decisions made by those kingdoms as well as the foreign interventions in the region
N’Guyen-Van, Vincent. "Les guerres sévériennes en Orient (193-235)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H082.
Full textFrom 193 to 235, Severan emperors lead several wars in the Near East. These wars included all the type of conflicts known to the Ancient world : civil wars, local rebellions, defensive wars against the barbarians, raids into ennemy territory and territorial conquest. This dissertation discuss the political aspects of these conflicts from a chronological and geopolitical standpoint. It is composed of an analytical narration of the Severan wars in the East and a prosopography of the political actors of the area. The action of the Severan dynasty in Syria and Mesopotamia was rooted in Roman imperialism and expanded the Empire’s territory to its maximum. In doing so, the Severans destroyed the geopolitical equilibrium that had, so far, insured a relative degree of peace between Rome and the Parthian Empire. The Arsacid dynasty failed to stop the growth of Roman influence in Mesopotamia, the rise of the Sassanid in 224-226 rekindled the Achemenid ambitions and threatened the power structures established by Septimius Severus in the Near East. But the Severan age is not the breaking point of the High Empire, nor is it merely a transition between the Antonine age and the 3rd century crisis. The military system the Severan put in place in the East was heavily influenced by the Augustean military system and yet managed to repell the first Persian attack against Rome
Herr, Jean-Jacques. "La formation de l'empire néo-assyrien et les phénomènes de globalisation en Mésopotamie du nord : représentations idéologiques et témoignage de la culture matérielle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP013.
Full textThis dissertation examines material evidence of the phenomena of globalization and the formation of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (9th - 7th century BCE). The Neo-Assyrian Empire was first concieved of by nineteenth-century European scholars, nationalists, and positivists. They identified it as a central space which they called "the Assyrian triangle" and envisioned as a cultural hub. The Assyrian culture would then radiate outward according to the expansionist policy employed by rulers motivated by an imperialist ideology. Previous archaeological examination confirms the ethno-cultural uniqueness of the vestiges now being revisited thanks to a renewal of research methods and activities in northern Iraq. The first part of this study proposes an epistemological and historiographical approach to the concepts of "material culture" and "central region," in order to avoid any methodological obstacles in thinking about the history of contact and the circulation of ancient technologies in the region between the Euphrates and the foothills of Zagros. The second part of this study investigates the settlement patterns and material production in the western Jazirah, focusing on the site of Tell Masaikh for which a typo-chronology of the pottery is proposed. Finally, by putting into perspective these analyses, settlement rythmes and the direction of exchanges and interactions among the populations of these regions are made clear. The conclusions of this study show that the Assyrian empire belonged to a globalized network in the first millennium, which resulted from the long history of cultural contact in northern Mesopotamia
Vernet, Apolline. "L'habitat urbain au Proche-Orient, de la fin de la période byzantine aux premiers temps de l'Islam (VIè-s. - VIIIè s.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H044.
Full textThe Near East, also known as Bilād al-Shām, underwent major transformations between the 6th and 8th centuries, corresponding with the shift from the Byzantine to the Umayyad period. Archaeological data, associated with recent publications in History, allows one to evaluate the impact that the Islamic conquest had on the urban settlements of the Near East. This thesis offers to analyse urban dwellings as a marker for social transformations between the 6th and 8th centuries. The first part of the thesis gathers archaeological data pertaining to urban transformations and to households in Near East between 6th and 8th c. that allows us to define the particulars of urban dwellings during the period in question. The second part gives a technical analyse of architecture and domestic structures, in addition, the typology highlights different sorts of dwellings standing in urban contexts. The third step of this study aims to underline how urban dwellings can highlight transformations in living-habits. Indeed, the evolution of consumption practices and the variation of activities within dwellings reveal a profound change in habitation strategies among cities between the 6th and the 8th centuries. During a period where there is little textual data that concerns housing, this thesis shows how archaeological data can give us access to the transformations of everyday life from the end of the Byzantine period to the Islamic period. It also gives us new evidence about how urban society transformed after Islamic conquest in the Near East
Oliver-Saidi, Marie-Thérèse. "De l'histoire à l'imaginaire, le Liban et la Syrie au miroir français, de 1946 à 1991." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030120.
Full textThe research, "from history to fiction, french point of view on lebanon and syria since 1946 to 1991", lies at the crosspoint of history and litterature in the new perspective of imagology and comparative litterature. The evolution of the representation of these two close countries, traditionnally linked with france, is studied during about fifty eventful years. An heterogeneous corpus has been used, mixing cheap litterature, poetry, essays, highly documented articles from historians and orientalists. The first period extends from 1946 to 1975. After independance, each countries identity grew up differently, lebanon's myth was born with specific themes, at the same time syria was sinking into stereotyps and occultation. The lebanon war with its great events such as the israelian invasion, beirut's siege, the multinational intervention is the turning point in the french vision of these two countries. The lebanese myth breaks up, a new set of themes appears; more and more litterature is produced and cultural exchanges between france and the middle east are enhanced through new research and publishing centers. Today the images of damascus and beirut are more similar, although in a subtle way, through a complex readjustement of the whole area
Aliquot, Julien. "La vie religieuse du Liban à l'époque romaine." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2001.
Full textBetween the conquest of the Near East by Rome in the 1st century BC and the christianization of the 4th century AD, a new group of pagan sanctuaries covered Lebanon. Together with the cities and the villages of the area, the sacred places formed a network which resulted from the initiatives of the local communities and from their collaboration with the agents of the imperial power. At the origin of the cults worshipped here, there was a variety of Oriental, Greek and Roman traditions, which survival, selection and development depended on their conformity with the religious practices of the Roman world. The study is conceived as a contribution to the research on the hellenization and the romanization of the Near East. It is completed by the Atlas des lieux saints, and by the collection of the Inscriptions grecques et latines du Mont Hermon, devoted to the epigraphic file of a district where the religious texts are especially abundant
Riottot, Alain. "Claude Granger, voyageur-naturaliste, 1730-1737." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070020.
Full textClaude Granger's recently exhumed letters, memoirs and notes to Jean Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, Secretary of State for the Navy, as well as his correspondance with the Académiciens René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, Sauveur-François Morand, Antoine de Bernard de Jussieu, will allow historians and specialists of "Voyages" to discover a circumspect arab speaking traveller and a learned naturalist, well-informed of the Mediterranean area in the first part of the XVIIIth century. After five years in Tunis as surgeon at the Slave's hospital and a year residence at the Jardin du Roi, Claude Granger was first sent to Egypt as "chargé d'histoire naturelle". Later he went on a plant collecting mission in Lybia, where Joseph Piton de Tournefort had not been. There he collected plants, discovered the ruins of Guerzé (today Ghirza), the legendary petrified city, reported on Apollonia, Cyrène and studied the coast of Barbary for the Navy. He returned for a year in Egypt. Then he stayed in Cyprus, in the Levant, and Mesopotamia. .
Nakache, Karen. "La France et le levant de 1918 à 1923 : le sort de la Cilicie et de ses confins militaires." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2010.
Full textTahhan, Loubna. "La rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite dans la littérature romanesque arabe contemporaine au Proche Orient : l'exemple de Halim Barakat." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030050.
Full textThis sociolinguistical study is about the encounter of spoken and written language, focusing on the unique phenomenon of the ‘classicisation’, a phenomenon which emerged in modern Arab literature by converting the spoken everyday language into a written form. After long readings into Arab Middle Eastern novelists we have chosen to take as example four novels of Syrian novelist Ħalīm Barakāt, who has authored over 18 books and some fifty essays in both Arabic and English on society and culture. We categorized our study into four chapters; we have chosen to begin with the two most recent ones then the chronologically older ones. The first chapter concentrates on the novel: “Tā’er al- ħūm” which describes the author’s journey alongside his wife to the American mountain side while he remembers his old days in his hometown Kafroun. The second chapter is all about “Ināna wan-nahr”, a love story loaded with mythological references and different religion-related social problems. The third chapter studies “Sittat Ayyām” a tale about an imaginary Arab Middle Eastern village throughout a devastating war. The fourth chapter takes as example some stories told by Arab youth from all over the Arabic world, in “Al-raħīl bayna Al-sahm wal-watar”. In the introduction we suggested some definitions then we relied upon them to integrate the analysis between the lines of the selected passages each time the language register changes. We presented the samples and the translation to French and we focused our analysis on examples that define the register change such as proverbs and expressions, dialectal and classic and common ones, and regional songs and sometimes purely classical-language written passages. In the conclusion we tried to summarize the main results of the research
Périssé-Valéro, Ingrid. "Les sanctuaires du territoire libanais (Monts Liban, Anti-Liban et Hermon) à l'époque romaine." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30031.
Full textThe abundance and the variety of sanctuaries on the Lebanese territory (coastal plain, Mount Lebanon, Beqaa valley, Mounts Anti-Liban and Hermon) in the imperial Roman time constitutes an importante question implying a specific knowledge of the places and the sources available, in order to have a general view of the phenomenon. By taking the archaeological documentation as working base, we established at first an inventory with all the information about the 102 sanctuaries. Then, we tried to determine the historic conditions of this religious establishment and to underline the visible reproduction of sanctuaries during the Roman Time as well as their tremendous influence in rural areas. The distribution of the buildings and their architectural characteristics were studied to recognize relationships, disparities and influences and to propose hypotheses of dating by crossing the data. The variety is important, every sanctuary had its own monumental character which resulted from several factors (geographic, historic and human). Our study is divided in five chapters : the first one presents the geographic distribution of sanctuaries and replaces so monuments in a more general frame. We speak about the report of sanctuaries with the surrounding communities and the notion of "hight place". The second chapter is the architectural analysis of the 102 listed sanctuaries (temenos, temples, altars, enclosures, towers, …) whereas the third chapter is an outline of the cults in Lebanon in the imperial time. In chapter 4, the fundamental question of the chronology of these sanctuaries is treated and the chapter 6, by way of lock, approachs the future of these places of cult at the end of the Antiquity
Debié, Muriel. "Ordonner les temps : étude de l'historiographie de langue syriaque et de ses rapports avec l'historiographie grecque du Ve au IXe siècle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040026.
Full textEl, Daccache Georges. "La Banque de Syrie et du Liban, levier de développement ou instrument de l’impérialisme français ? (1919-1945)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL110.
Full textThe Bank of Syria and Lebanon was created on January 2, 1919 by the Imperial Ottoman Bank. Being a commercial bank, it has been attributed, following the signature of the Convention of January 23, 1924 with the States of the Levant, the privilege of the issue of the new Lebanese-Syrian bank-note. This currency is directly attached to the French Franc to facilitate the administrative operation of France in the Levant and trade with the Metropolis. In this position, the Bank has not hesitated to simultaneously carry out its commercial banking activity and profit from it. Its main activity is focused on credit and advances to the Levant States and individuals. In addition to being the financial agent of the Levant States, it has also been known to be a deposit bank. Its position as a bank issuing the local bank-note has inspired confidence to the local population to come and deposit their savings. Its knowledge of the territory has pushed French capital to ally with it for the execution of their investments in the Levant. Throughout its existence, BSL will be a key player in the financial market in the East. Its history is considered inseparable from the economic history of the Levant and France
Clerc, Valérie. "Les principes d'action de l'urbanisme, Le projet Élyssar face aux quartiers irréguliers de Beyrouth." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364982.
Full textGüngörmez, Hasan. "Perspectives historiques et économiques de la Turquie face à la région du Kurdistan irakien." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG011.
Full textSince 2003, the new political situation in Iraqi Kurdistan has led to unprecedented developments at the regional level. The growing autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan has given birth to new dynamics and geopolitical issues in a currently unstable Middle East. The countries of the region, particularly Turkey, attach great importance to bilateral relations with this embryonic state. Following the military intervention led by the coalition of USA and Great Britain in Iraq, the Turkish state has had to redefine its foreign policy in the Middle East. In order to contribute to the development of critical analysis, we develop our thesis in two main areas. Firstly, in order to better situate the developments currently taking place in the region, we analyze the bilateral relations between Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan with a historical approach. Secondly, we deal with in detail the question of economic exchanges between the two parties. In order to evaluate effectively the economic potential of Turkish companies at the regional level, we will analyze their investments in the Kurdish market. In our study, the analysis of the historical dimension and the economic approach will allow us to better understand the changes and challenges in the region
Manclossi, Francesca. "De la pierre aux métaux : dynamiques des changements techniques dans les industries lithiques au Levant Sud, IVe- Ier millénaire av. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100142/document.
Full textThe shift from stone to metal has always seen as one of the main technological transition in the history of the mankind, especially in the Near East and in the Levant where technological progress has been seen as an indicator of the rise of civilization. In this scenario, the development of metallurgy was more attractive than lithic technology, which for a long time was neglected. However, although the first metal objects appear during the Chalcolithic (5th BCE.), flint tools continued to be produced and used through the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (1st BCE). The coexistence of these two large scale technologies for more than three millennia represents a complex phenomenon, which we analyse from two different perspectives recognizing the various factors in the history of technology, and the trajectories and the rhythms of technological change: 1. the specific evolutionary path of the objects, technologies and techniques and 2. the socio-historical contingencies which explain the success or failure of a technique. Using a technological approach, the comparison between the chipped-stone production of the metal ages and their contemporaneous metal tools allows us to observe which dynamics, mechanisms and modalities explain the disappearance of flint industries in terms of their relationship with the development of the metallurgy. However, it is not a simple substitution from one material to another, but a deeper transformation which, according to strategies that change over time, operates both in the conception of the objects and their place into the societies producing and using them
El, Didi Amer. "Système modal arabe levantin du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle : étude historique, systémique et sémiotique, éditions critiques et traductions des manuscrits." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040006.
Full textFar from being exhaustive, this thesis presents a first attempt to a more cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the Arab modal system of a period of time spanning about five centuries. One aim of this research is, following Amnon Shiloah, "to leave once and for all, the legend of lethargy" and remove the clause of "stagnation" and "dark ages" long attached to this epoch. It appears through the pages of this research that the modal system never lost its liveliness. On the contrary, historical, philological, systemic and semiotic studies conducted during this thesis show the presence of a thread that binds, from one end to the other, the tradition of the thirteenth century to that of the nineteenth century
Leroy, Didier. "La résilience islamique au Liban: contribution à l'étude de l'évolution idéologique et structurelle du Hezbollah." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210071.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Jalbout, Ziad. "La stratégie militaire des Cananéo-phéniciens d'après les sources archéologiques et historiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H053.
Full textThe military strategy of the Cananeo-Phoenicians in the Bronze Age is the subject developed in this thesis. It is based on the study of fortifications, weapons, historical texts, armed figurines, and representations on reliefs, and cylinder seals. Hence, the two main components of this work are articulated around fortifications and weapons. The study of defensive systems is conducted in the light of an unprecedented scientific approach based on static mechanics. The listed fortifications have been discovered in North Levant, particularly in Byblos, Ugarit, and many other sites in the region. The analysis of these defensive systems shows that towers, bastions, ramparts, walls, casemates, and fosses are intended to hinder the progress of war machines and soldiers; in addition, the buttresses, glacis, cores, and retaining walls are designed to ensure the static equilibrium of those fortifications. The catalog of weapons consists of 1344 items discovered mainly in Byblos and Ugarit. Some of these weapons were analyzed at the General Directorate of Antiquities of Beirut while some others are treated using a computerized approach based on the virtual reconstruction of Byblos Tell. Depending on their function, these weapons are distributed on short-range weapons, long-range weapons, defensive weapons, and finally war machines. In conclusion, this study traces the stages of Cananeo-Phoenician military history and shows that the military strategy adopted by this people was defensive
Porzia, Fabio. "Gouverner avec le Livre : une certaine idée de l'ancien Israël." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20131.
Full textJewish identity has always been a highly disputed topic, at least since the archaeological discovery of the so-called Iron Age “proto-Israelites” until the recent debates about the relationship between being a Jew and an Israeli citizen in the modern state of Israel. Notwithstanding a three thousand years old history, both Ancients and we continue to use the name “Israel”. Adopting a diachronic approach to the biblical text, this thesis retraces the history of the different ethnonyms related to the “chosen people” (Israel, Jews/Judeans, and Hebrews). Encompassing archaeological, epigraphic and literary evidences, the research reassesses the role played by Jewish tradition in the development of concepts such as “peoplehood” and “group identity” that, through the Christian heritage, will result in the modern concept of Nation-State. Thus, the Bible, the Book, can be not only a source for the orientalist but also a useful tradition that may help us to a better understanding of our societies and the relationships they maintain with each other
Kanhoush, Yasmin. "L’habitat urbain de Syrie au Bronze moyen : analyses technique, fonctionnelle et sociologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2122.
Full textWhilst houses are certainly a work of architecture, they are also Man’s lived environment that reflect their technical expertise, home comforts, customs, way of life and their relationship with death. However, this type of vestige is often overlooked in favour of large, prestigious buildings of greater interest. Furthermore, Syria's Middle Bronze Age habitat has not yet been the subject of any detailed study, despite the strategic importance of this region and the period from an urban development perspective. In fact, the end of the third millennium (or Early Bronze) saw the abandonment of many sites, or at least a very significant reduction in their size and complexity, whereas the Middle Bronze II (between 1800 and 1500 B.C.), the period which concerns us, appears to have been a flourishing time.Our thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first focuses on a thorough and critical analysis of the available materials from 36 sites located in four separate regions, these being Northwest Syria, the Middle Orontes Valley, the Middle Euphrates Valley and Northeast Syria. This research has been enriched by unpublished data from previous German excavations on the site of Tell Halawa A on the Middle Euphrates valley, and archaeological work that we conducted on the site of Tell Mishrifeh / the ancient Qatna in Western Syria.All the available archaeological data has been used (architectural surveys, excavation photographs, field notes, articles already published, etc.), as well as certain pieces of textual data (notably those found in Area T at Qatna). These were interesting points of comparison that helped us to reconstruct more fully the history and the volumetry of the ancient houses.The second part of our work is based on the comparison and cross-referencing of the various results obtained, which enabled us to uncover the main technical, typological and functional characteristics of the houses of that period. We have highlighted regional differences and a possible evolution of the types of buildings and their uses. We have also sought, as far as is possible, to consider housing in its urban environment and to restore the social dimension of domestic architecture through the hierarchy and neighbourhood relations that it is likely to reveal
Khudori, Darwis. "De la création française au développement égyptien : transformations architecturales et sociales dans une ville du monde musulman : cas d'Ismaïlia, Egypte (1862-1993)." Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448634.
Full textThis study puts forward, as problematic, the modernization which, through its most superficial aspects (technology and liberalism), has shaken the Muslim world, especially for the last three decades. All Muslim societies, from Morocco to Indonesia, are confronted with the problem of conciliation between the "permanence" taught by Islam and "changes" imposed by modernization, arousing conflicts, in the name of Islam, among the different factions of Muslim society. Without intervening in those conflicts, but being probably able to contribute to a better understanding of the problem, this work aims at studying the phenomenon (of the modernization of the Muslim world) in a field which has escaped up to now the awareness of Muslim society: habitat (in the larger sense, encompassing all the human creations, which start from his fundamental need, to inhabit, and which appear in various scales, from the house to the city). The studied case is the city of Ismailia, founded in 1862 and managed by the Suez Canal Company until it was nationalized in 1956, appropriated and managed afterward by the Egyptian government up to the present day. How do the Egyptians (understood as: Orientals, Arabs, Muslims, traditionnals / medievals) appropriate and develop the habitat conceived and formed by the French (understood as: occidentals, Europeans, Christians, moderns), that is the question